April 1, 1863
APRIL 1863
April 1, 1863 - April Fool's joke played on General B. F. Cheatham
April 1st (Fool's Day) passed off pleasantly, a few jokes were passed off at the
expense of the unsuspecting. General Cheatham was presented with a nice
Apple Toddy made not of Apple Brandy but Vinegar by Miss Gholson.
Moorman's Journal.
NOTE 1
NOTE 1: The Moorman Memorandum, Lieutenant Hiram Clark Moorman, as cited in
Confederate Chronicles of Tennessee, Vol. III (Somerville, TN: 1989).
[Hereinafter: Moorman's Journal.]
April 1, 1863 - Skirmish near Eagleville
•See March 31, 1863-April 1, 1863-Skirmishes near Eagleville
April 1, 1863 - Skirmish at Germantown
Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee.
April 1, 1863 - Skirmish on the Columbia Pike
No circumstantial reports filed.
April 1, 1863 - Gunboat expedition to the Duck River
CORINTH, April 1, 1863
S. A. Hurlbut, Major-General:
The enemy are repairing all the bridges from Savannah east and Florence
north. They are also building a large number of boats in several of the creeks.
They also guard the line of the [Tennessee] river from Florence to Duck River,
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April 1863 — Page 1
April 1, 1863
and now have heavy bodies of cavalry massed near Mount Pleasant. Three
gunboats have gone up the river.
G. M. DODGE, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 200.
April 1, 1863 - Skirmish on Carter Creek Pike
FRANKLIN, April 2, 1863.
Gen. ROSECRANS:
Van Dorn was still at Spring Hill yesterday, cooking rations last night for a
scout, I suppose. Our cavalry had slight skirmish on Carter Creek pike, and are
out again to-day. Is there any prospect of my retaining Gilbert?
G. GRANGER, Maj.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 203.
April 1, 1863 - Thoughts on the progress of the war and life in the camp of the 24th Wisconsin Infantry near Murfreesboro
Camp near Murfreesboro, April 1
Dear father,
. . . You ask me whether "I keep up good heart & courage as well as good
health," When I was at camp on Mill Creek near Nashville I felt very despondent, all I could hear was, that the condition of affairs was more against the
North now, than it was this time last year, that the "so called Democrats" were
coming into full power once more, and their first act will be to arrange a treaty
of peace with the rebels, of a nature dishonorable to the North also that the free
states were almost in a state of rebellion against the "Lincoln Government"
such were the remarks that I would hear on all sides. All of which tended to
discourage me, so that at that time I felt that we were but one step from defeat,
that the time spent by us already down here, our marches & were so much time
wasted, that we were throwing away our time & endangering our lives all to no
purpose, that after the South bid fair well to have their own way, and I was
almost ready to join in with others & "cry peace." I was evidently "deep in the
blues." On New Years day "Wish you happy New Year!" seemed rather "behind
the times" then. How different, one year before. Then I was at a party at Spring
Green; now what a change! In the midst of a battle, wounded men lying in the
fence corners or under the trees; every house full, & still the "thunder of cannon and musketry," promised more yet for the surgeons knife. Would the battle
never end! I compared the two New Years & heartily wished myself at
home."But the darkest hour is just before daylight." So grandmother Whitside
used to say. Now I think the prospect grows every day brighter. By the aspect
of affairs in England I don't think the South need hope for interference very
soon in that quarter. The Copperheads seem to be fast "playing out" despised
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 1, 1863
both North & South. Things look altogether more business like. The soldiers
feel more cheerful as the war seems more likely to have an end gradually
approaching. . . You ought to see our Brigade. Great pains is taken to have
things neat & tidy, the streets between the tens & parade grounds are swept
clean. The tents are almost every day raised and aired thoroughly. The Brigade
Headquarters, & numbers of the officers tents are surrounded with evergreens
arranged in order. Little green flags hoisted over the Commissary Departments.
The battle flag, (which for the right wing of the army is red as many with as
many white stars on it, as the number of the Div.) Ours has three stars, being
the 3d Div. Each Brigade carries one, & on the stars is printed the number of
the Brigade. Ours is the 1st.) This flag is fixed on a liberty pole, & every morning the band has to play when the flag is raises, & every night on taking it
down. You ask me what kind of man our chaplain is? I am sorry I can't say
much for him. He is a Roman Catholic, plays poker, smokes his cigars, drinks
his whiskey, looks out for the mail, and perhaps once a month makes a speech
that dont amount to anything after all. . . If a man has influential friends to
manage for him, by placing a "Rev." before his name, he can get a commission
as chaplain, lives well, does nothing, draws a captains pay, & thus is simply
aiding to increase the national debt, besides giving the soldiers a wrong opinion of Christianity. I doubt that you can find a Christian man, in our whole regiment. Although this does not tell well for the Reg[iment]., it is nevertheless
true. We have between 300 & 400 men in our Reg[iment]. I was over yesterday
to see the 3d Wis. Battery & had a pleasant time. . .
Silsby Correspondence, April 1, 1863.
April 1, 1863 - Francis Miller, Female Soldier
A FEMALE HEROINE.
Camp Near Memphis, Tennessee
March 18, 1863
Editors Bulletin:
The following biographical sketch of one of America's bravest daughters, I
deem worthy of a place in your columns. Upon the arrival of the 90 Illinois,
more unanimously know as the "Irish Legend," at Lafayette, Tennessee, I
became acquainted with some facts in the history of a lady connected with the
regiment that exceed anything in romance, the wildest works of fiction. Her
name is Francis Miller. She resided in Chicago, Ill., and has a father and two
brothers in the Union army, and she determined to make the fourth of her family that were willing to offer up their lives in defense of our country. Acting on
this patriotic impulse, she donned her brother's pantaloons and presented herself in the costume of a young gent of the Town, at the office of a recruiting
officer, and, as required for the ranks (plenty for commission) came in very
slow, she was received readily, and no questions asked. She was assigned to a
company in the _____ Regiment, Illinois Volunteers, but did not remain long in
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April 1863 — Page 3
April 1, 1863
it until her sex was discovered and she was mustered out of service. She was
not discouraged however, for the next day she visited on Captain _______,
who was making up a company for the 90th Illinois. To him she expressed her
desire to serve her country in the field, and as he required a few more to fill up
his company he gladly received her. She did her duty in this company—and did
it well—stood guard, drilled, and, in fact, did all that is required of any soldier
in active service. She was an apt scholar, and soon learned the details of camp,
and excelled her masculine comrades in the manual of arms. She would frequently go up in the city with her mess mates on "sparking expeditions," and
being remarkably good looking, it is needless to say, that the ladies with whom
she associated thought that "Frank" was the most charming young man in the
army.
She had thus enjoyed the pleasures of male costume for six weeks, when her
former Captain visited Camp Douglas, and recognized "Frank" as the girl in
boys clothing that had duped him so clearly in getting into his company. He
immediately reported her to Col. O. Miran, commanding the 90th, who summoned her to his tent. On her arrival, he [gestured to a chair].She seated herself
and the Colonel interrogated her as follows:
What is your name, young man?"
"Frank Miller."
How old are you?"
"Eighteen, sir."
"Well, my lad, do you think yare able to carry a knapsack?"
"I think I can sir," was the modest reply.
After a few more questions the Colonel told her that he was aware of her sex,
and that she would have to be mustered out of service. This news fell like a
thunder clap to her ears. She tried to convince him that she would make as
good a soldier as any in his command, but in vain did she plead; the Colonel
was immovable.
She was mustered out of the service for the second time but not yet satisfied
with military life. She married and excellent young man, a "member of her
mess," and remained with the regiment ever since. She was with the regiment
at Cold Water when Van Dorn made his celebrated raid on Holly Springs.
Learning the Van Dorn raid had taken place and that he was moving on the
90th at Cold Water, she immediately threw her petticoats aside, put on a jacket
and [pantaloons(?)] and shouldered a musket and took her place in the ranks by
the side of her husband. When the reels made their appearance, all eyes were
turned on the "petticoat warrior"—as the boys called her—to see how she
looked, in this, her first appearance before the enemy; but she was so firm and
resolute that she made the most of them ashamed of themselves. She fired two
volleys into the rebel ranks with the coolness of a veteran. The rebels, seeing
that the "Irish Legend," was made out of sterner material that the 101st
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 1, 1863
"retired" in true Southern style. The 90th is now quartered at Lafayette, Tennessee."Frank" is still living in union with her husband, is loved and respected
by the entire regiment, and declares that "she is for the Union of State, union of
heats, and the union of all loyal men and women to put down this rebellion.
CABRICK, Co. B., 14th Ill. Infantry
Memphis Bulletin, April 1, 1863
April 1, 1863 - Foraging and fighting in Middle Tennessee. The letter of Col. John T. Wilder
home to his wife in Indiana
Murfreesboro, Tenn.
Apr. 1, 1863
Dear Pet,
I have been looking for a letter from you for some days, but have looked in
vain. I was very much disappointed when Shields got back, and you did not
come—I am afraid you will not get down here now as the season is getting
later but Pet, I would like to see you. I am having as much to do now as I want
to—just got back from an eight day trip with 88 prisoners, 460 horses, 8 wagons, 4,000 bushels corn, 86 tons hay, and 194 negroes taken from rebels—and
destroyed over 10,000 bushels wheat, several tons of Bacon, captured $15,000
worth of tabacco. Whipped Wharton's Brigade of Rebel Cavalry all with the
loss of two stragglers captured & one man killed by accident—this is the most
successful trip that has been made from here—you will see the details of it in
the papers—now do write me if you cant come to see me—I start in the morning to Franklin, to unite in an attack on Van-Dorn, hoping to receive a letter
from you on my return.
I bid you good night.
As ever your true Husband,
J. T. Wilder
P. S. There are a great many wives of officers here now. Mrs. Capt. Lilly is
staying in part of the house my headQrs are in—J. T. W.
Wilder CollectionNOTE 1
NOTE 1: Wilder Collection, Library of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga,
Special Collections [Hereinafter cited as Wilder Collection.}
April 1, 1863 - A description of change in Murfreesboro from August 1862 to April 1863
Wednesday April first/63
as i have no employment this Evening i Will Endeaver to give you Some little
idea of the great change that has taken place here within the last Six or eight
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April 1, 1863
Months. i passed threw here last august Murfreesboro and vicinity was a then a
Splendid part of the country[.] She compaired with other town and portions of
tennessee as the red bird among the Most common fowls of the air. but the red
bird has not lost her fethers and adjoining plantations that was once a Scene of
beauty and wealth is not occupied by troops and camps artillery & all its Splendor has disappeared.
The Streets that was occupied by the ladies and Jentleman in days gone by in
riding back and forth in there vehicles of Splendid qualities Are now crowded
with government Waggons the horseman and cavellry making there way there
way threw her ever they can finde a Space or vacancy Everything Moves with
a rush. the side walks in many places are blockaded with boxes barrels and
Military Stores of every description[.]
the Splendid gardens of yards of Shrubbery and flowers now resemble that of a
brick yard. the fruit and Shade trees that formed there lines along the walks
have long Since been throwed out to the commons and the bark and Smaller
limbs have been consumed by the horses and Mules. The they resemble the
oald suc Stubs and Shrubs that May be seen in Some oald dedning. the fine
dwellings hotels Store rooms and ware houses and other buildings are occupied
by Military affairs in various ways. Some turned into hospitals a large portion
of them filled with provisions bakeries doctor Shops & But very few citizens
remain in the town. I Suppose the thundering of the cannons on Stones river
Started them out. There is nodout numbers of families in this region of country
that are almost entirely destitute of every thing Starvation is almost Stairing
them in the face[.]
the court house in this place Stands on a high piece of ground which can be
seen for many miles around. on top of it the Signal flag and lite is to be seen
Manovering both day and knight. the bigger part of the courthouse yard is
filled up with artillery of different kinds and qualities from ten to twenty four
pounders there is fortifications on evry hill and Shore near this place within
them are placed the twenty four and Sixty four pounders ready at all times to
make the earth tremble if the Enemy Should Make his apparance at any point
the groves of timber that was Waving in the breze at the arrival of Rosecranses
army is now in Stockades and ashes[.] Nothing left but the stumps and brush
perhaps you are tierd of reading Such as this. i must close and prepare for
Dressperade [.]
James H. Jones
Letters of James JonesNOTE 1
NOTE 1: Stones River National Battlefield Park archives, Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
[Herinafter cited as Letters of James Jones.]
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 1, 1863
April 1, 1863 - April 2, 1863 - Federal scouts, Mt. Pleasant and Lawrenceburg, heavy skirmishing at Shelbyville
HDQRS. DISTRICT OF COLUMBUS, April 2, 1863.
Maj.-Gen. ROSECRANS:
I am directed by Gen. Hurlbut to forward by telegraph the following communication:
Scouts in from Mount Pleasant and Lawrenceburg, Tenn., report about 1,500
cavalry at Lawrenceburg, and large force at Mount Pleasant, which has fallen
back to Lowryville; one brigade at Waynesborough. Most of these forces
belong to Van Dorn's command, and are scattered out to obtain forage and subsistence. Everything not needed for supply of his troops, Johnston has sent to
the rear. It is the common rumor that Johnston will fall back. They report heavy
skirmishing in front of Shelbyville, in which rebels lost 500, in killed
wounded, and missing. The scouts also say it is talked among Van Dorn's men
that they are to return to Mississippi. He was with them two weeks.
G. M. DODGE, Brig.-Gen., Cmdg. District.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, p. 203.
April 1, 1863 - April 8, 1863 - Expedition from Murfreesborough to Lebanon, Carthage, &
Liberty
APRIL 1-8, 1863.-Expedition from Murfreesborough to Lebanon, Carthage,
and Liberty, Tenn.
REPORTS.
No. 1.-Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans, U. S. Army.
No. 2.-Col. John T. Wilder, Seventeenth Indiana Infantry, commanding expedition.
No. 1.
Report of Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans, U. S. Army.
MURFREESBOROUGH, TENN., April 8, 1863—10 p. m.
Col. Wilder's brigade went to Carthage; from thence returned, via Snow Hill
and Liberty. Chased Wharton's brigade out of Smithville. Captured his rear
guard. Destroyed 5,000 bushels of wheat and a large quantity of bacon, and
sends in about 350 horses and 70 or 80 prisoners. Gen. Palmer went within 10
miles of McMinnville, and ran the rebel cavalry, bringing in a number of prisoners. Van Dorn is at Springs Hill, and, it is said, means to attack Granger at
Franklin tomorrow. We hope to make it expensive to the rebels.
W. S. ROSECRANS, Maj.-Gen.
No. 2.
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April 1, 1863
Report of Col. John T. Wilder, Seventeenth Indiana Infantry, commanding
expedition.
HDQRS. 1ST Brig., 5TH DIV., 14TH ARMY CORPS, Murfreesborough,
April 9, 1863.
SIR: I have to report that, in obedience to orders received, I started with my
command, consisting of the Seventeenth Indiana, Seventy-second Indiana, and
Ninety-eighth Illinois Mounted Infantry, Lilly's fifth Indiana, One hundred and
first Indiana, and One hundred and twenty-third Illinois Infantry; in all about
2,500 men. Taking up the line of march 2 p. m. April 1, moved out the Lebanon
pike to Stone's River, crossing on the pontoon bridge, kindly furnished me by
Brig.-Gen. [J. St. C. ] Morton, and went into camp for the night. Moved at 6 a.
m., April 2, the infantry, with the battery, taking the pike for Lebanon, under
command of Col. Monroe, One hundred and twenty-third Illinois, with the
mounted force and the howitzers. I took the Las Casas and Cainsville road. At
the latter point I communicated with Col. Monroe, at Baird's Mills, on the Lebanon road, directing him to arrive at Lebanon at 5 p. m. Moved forward with
my command, scouring the country for animals with good success; also capturing several prisoners. My party of scouts, Sergeant Birney with 7 men, found
and engaged [J. M. ] Phillips's rebel company, capturing 1 man and 8 Enfield
rifles, killing 1 man and wounding several, and dispersing the company without loss on our part. Took three of Morgan's men, with their horses and arms, at
the house of Esquire Doaks. Arrived on the Lebanon and Alexandria road at 4
p. m., 3 miles from town. Sent the Seventy-second Indiana, under Maj. Carr,
on the old or main road from Cainsville to Lebanon. Sent the Ninety-eight Illinois, Col. Funkhouser, over on to the New Middleton road, retaining the Seventeenth Indiana with myself. All instructed to arrive in town at 5 p. m. The
commands met on the public square, but found no enemy. The Seventeenth
Indiana, going in, took two wagons laden with corn, on the road to Liberty, for
the enemy. Went into camp for the night. Destroyed a small quantity of wheat
and bacon collected for the enemy.
Friday morning, the 3d instant, sent out parties to collect animals, which were
highly successful, but marred by the loss of one man in the Ninety-eight Illinois, by the accidental discharge of a gun, rendering necessary the amputation
of the thigh, from the effects of which he died.
Sent the Seventeenth Indiana, Lieut.-Col. Jordan, to Rome, via Jennings' Fork,
and in the afternoon the command, except the Seventy-second Indiana, moved
out the Rome road to the Big Spring Farm, and encamped for the night. The
Seventy-second Indiana, Maj. Carr, took the Hartsville road, leaving it at a
point 9 miles out, crossing over through Taylorsville (where, having no transportation, he destroyed a large quantity of wheat and bacon, collected for the
enemy) to Big Spring Farm, and camped. Near Taylorsville he was attacked by
a small force of the enemy, who succeeded in taking 2 of his men. He returned
their fire, with what effect is not known, but drove them away. It being dark,
pursuit was useless. The two men were Inhumanly butchered by their captors
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 1, 1863
the next day, near Lebanon. Their names are known, and will be reported in
another communication.
On the morning of the 4th instant, the command moved on to Rome. I there
took the Seventeenth Indiana, and went on to Carthage, where I procured supplies, and turned over to the provost-marshal 30 prisoners, a lot of goods taken
from a contraband trader direct from McMinnville, and three wagon-loads of
manufactured tobacco, the latter being part of a lot seized by my order on the
road from Big Spring to Rome. I had received information from several
sources that the owners had disposed of it to the Confederate Government, and
had received pay therefor; also that they were noisy and violent secessionists.
This proves to have been a mistake, so far, at least, as one of the firm is concerned, Mr. Fuqua. I had distributed about one-third of the lot to the command.
Mr. Fuqua's claim will doubtless be presented for adjudication.
On the morning of the 5th, the infantry and battery came up from Rome to
Carthage, the Ninety-eighth Illinois and Seventy-second Indiana scouting the
country for stock. The next day, the 6th instant, both commands moved to New
Middleton, where rations were distributed. All the animals and prisoners
turned over to the infantry, which marched to Alexandria, the mounted force,
with a section of Lilly's battery and two howitzers, moving up Caney Fork,
where we destroyed a large quantity of wheat and flour collected for the
enemy, and rendered the mill unfit for further use, cutting off this source of
supplies.
Tuesday, 7th instant, we started for Liberty, where we had information of the
arrival of Gen. Wharton's brigade the night previous. I took the Ninety-eight
Illinois and Seventy-second Indiana, and went forward, sending orders to the
Seventeenth Indiana (some distance to the rear and unavoidably detained) to
come up with dispatch, and to take the road to and over Snow Hill, and to the
rear of the [enemy], guided by Capt. [Joseph H. ] Blackburn, of Stokes' cavalry, who knew the country perfectly. The enemy, having learned of our coming, fled before the movement could be executed to cut off their retreat. All
escaped us but one company of 39 men, commanded by a lieutenant, who were
taken. In the mean time I had communicated with Col. Monroe, at Alexandria,
directing him to move up to Liberty with his command, which he did with alacrity, skirmishing occasionally with small parties of the enemy, and driving
them in so that they fell into our hands. We pursued the enemy over and
beyond Snow Hill, but failed to overtake him. We again went into camp. While
foraging in the evening, Maj. Carr, Seventy-second Indiana, surprised and captured a party of 10 rebels, and brought them into camp. We also found in the
town a small mail, already sent to your headquarters.
The morning of the 8th, having our hands full of animals, prisoners, and
negroes, it was deemed best to return to Murfreesborough, to shoe our horses
and rest the command, where we await your further orders.
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April 1863 — Page 9
April 1, 1863
I must be permitted to make mention of the readiness and alacrity which characterized the actions of each and every man in the command, and to report that
all did their duty.
The fruits of the expedition are about 400 horses and mules, 194 negroes, and
88 prisoners of war, brought to camp.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
J. T. WILDER, Col., Cmdg.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 200-203.
April 1, 1863 - April 16, 1863 - Expedition from Jackson to the Hatchie River and skirmishes
APRIL 1-16 1863.-Expedition from Jackson, Tenn., to the Hatchie River and
skirmishes.
REPORTS.
No. 1.-Col. Michael K. Lawler, Eighteenth Illinois Infantry, commanding First
Brigade, District of Jackson.
No. 2.-Lieut. Col. Daniel H. Brush, Eighteenth Illinois Infantry.
No. 1.
Report of Col. Michael K. Lawler, Eighteenth Illinois Infantry, commanding
First Brigade, District of Jackson.
JACKSON, TENN., April 17, 1863.
CAPT.: I respectfully submit the following report of an expedition to the
Hatchie River:
On the morning of the 1st instant, I proceeded, with the eighteenth Illinois
Mounted Infantry, consisting of 15 officers, and 285 men, commanded by
Lieut. Col. D. H. Brush, to Bolivar, Tenn. At the latter place I received an additional force of a detachment of 11 officers and 175 men of the First West Tennessee Cavalry, commanded by Col. Fielding Hurst, making my entire
command 26 commissioned officers and 460 enlisted men.
At noon of the 2d instant, I moved down the Hatchie by three roads, deploying
my command in such a manner as to embrace the country lying between a line
drawn through Bolivar and Covington, Tipton County, and the Hatchie, and all
of that portion of country lying west of Covington and Beaver Creek,NOTE 1 to
the Mississippi River, and returned in about the same order, but by different
routes, arriving at Bolivar on the 10th instant. This move resulted in a few light
skirmishes with the enemy, who were broken into small bands of not more than
30 men, nor did I encounter the enemy at any time in greater force than above
mentioned.
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 1, 1863
My command, after much chasing, captured Lieut.-Col. [J. U. ] Green, Capt.
[J. H. ] Hazlewood, 2 lieutenants, 2 surgeons, and 28 men, of Col. Richardson's
command, and 110 horses and mules.
I regret to announce that Capt. C. H. Reed, commanding Company E, Eighteenth Regt. Illinois Volunteer Infantry, was killed by guerrillas in ambush. He
was gallant and noble officer, and brave to excess. We also lost 1 enlisted man,
prisoner.
Not being satisfied with the result of the first expedition, I asked of you and
obtained permission to scour the country between the Loosahatchee and the
line from Bolivar to Covington and east of Beaver Creek, but with less favorable results, capturing, from roving bands of guerrillas, 1 lieutenant and 8 privates, and 75 horses and mules.
I am informed by reliable citizens of Tipton and Haywood Counties that [R. V.
] Richardson, the guerrilla chief, crossed the Mississippi River in a canoe, with
a fortune, robbed of citizens of Haywood, Tipton, and the adjoining counties.
Learning that a great number of his men, mostly conscripts, disgusted with his
mode of warfare, desired to return to their homes, I issued a circular that all citizens and all members of Richardson's, [J. J. ] Neely's, and Wood's bands, and
other commands styling themselves partisan rangers, who would deliver up
their arms, subscribe to the oath of allegiance to the United States of America,
and return to their peaceful pursuits, would be protected in person and property, and also warned them that, in case any of these bands were reorganized or
new ones should spring up, I would hold those persons who had not taken the
oath of allegiance, or who had not faithfully observed the same, responsible for
any act or deeds perpetrated by such bands. To enforce the said circular, I left
one company of 3 commissioned officers, 60 men, and 1 provost-marshal at
Covington, with the instructions to remain at that post three days, and then to
move to Somerville, remain there the same length of time, and then report to
Bolivar. I also left a company of the same number, and provost-marshal, at
Stanton Depot, to remain there the same length of time, then to proceed to
Whiteville, remain there three days, and then report to Bolivar. I then returned
with the balance of my command to Jackson, Tenn., April 16, 1863.
I state with pride that the officers and men of both detachments under my command conducted themselves in the most soldier like manner, and are worthy of
a better foe.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
M. K. LAWLER, Col., Cmdg.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. I, pp. 498-499.
NOTE 1: See March 22-April 1, 1863, Pegram's Raid, above, for a reference to Beaver Creek in East Tennessee.
No. 2.
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April 1863 — Page 11
April 1, 1863
Report of Lieut. Col. Daniel H. Brush, Eighteenth Illinois Infantry.
HDQRS. EIGHTEENTH REGT. ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. Jackson, Tenn.,
April 17, 1863.
SIR: I hereby respectfully report that I arrived in camp yesterday evening, with
the remaining portion of this regiment out on the expedition to Covington,
Tenn., and vicinity, with the exception of detachments under command of
Capt.'s Davis and Blackburn, 60 men each, which were left in that region, by
direction of Col. Lawler.
The casualties of the trip are the loss of Capt. C. H. Reed, Company E, killed
by guerrillas near Covington on the 5th instant, and Private Bradford Bardmess, Company A, and Corpl. George W. Green, Company F, taken prisoners
near Dancyville, Tenn., on the 3d instant.
The command has captured, while absent, about 80 head of horses and mules,
not taking into account any surplus that may now be with the aforesaid detachments. Mules were taken from the regimental teams, when the command went
out, to mount men who had no horses. Those mules have been returned or
replaced.
A considerable number of the horses taken from here by the men were weak
and pretty much broken down, and soon gave out; such have been left on the
way; some died. Men took in their places captured horses.
It cannot be ascertained with certainly until the absent detachments come back
how many animals have been captured, or how many will be on hand after supplying the men who went out on the expedition with a horse each.
Of the captured horses, I was under the necessity of taking one, on account of
the horse I was riding becoming unfit for use by having a sore back. Adjt. S. T.
Brush, for some reason, took one of the captured horses. Both of said horses
were reported to Gen. Brayman, at Bolivar, when we found we were to go back
toward the Mississippi River from that place, were appraised, purchased by us,
and paid for, and bills of sale given us.
I respectfully suggest that all the horses and mules now in the regiment belonging to the Government, either in use by the line officers, enlisted men, or teamsters, be at once branded, and those in use by the officers and men be
appraised, as also the equipments, and ordered to be charged to the said officers and men, so that they may be respectively held accountable to the Government for the value of the same. Such a course is necessary to prevent the men
from trading off and exchanging horses and fixtures, and to take them take care
of such as are turned over to them. A board of appraisers, in my opinion,
should be at once appointed, that the matter may be speedily attended to.
The prisoners taken during the expedition were turned over to the provost-marshal at Bolivar, by order of Col. Lawler.
Respectfully submitted.
Page 12 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 2, 1863
D. H. BRUSH, Lieut.-Col., Cmdg. Regt.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. I, pp. 499-500.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: Not listed in OR Index, but found in "Summary of Principal Events," Vol.
24, pt. I, p. 3.
April 2, 1863 - Expedition from Readyville to Woodbury
APRIL 2, 1863.-Expedition from Readyville to Woodbury, Tenn.
REPORTS.
No. 1.-Col. William B. Hazen, Forty-first Ohio Infantry, commanding Second
Brigade, Second Division, Twenty-first Army Corps.
No. 2.-Lieut. Col. Isaac C. B. Suman, Ninth Indiana Infantry.
No. 3.-Lieut. Col. Aquila Wiley, Forty-first Ohio Infantry.
No. 1.
Report of Col. William B. Hazen, Forty-first Ohio Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, Second Division, Twenty-first Army Corps.
HDQRS. 2d BRIGADE, 2d DIVISION, 21ST ARMY CORPS, Readyville,
Tenn., April 4, 1863.
CAPT.: I have the honor to make the following report of the expedition made
on the 2d instant, under my command, to Woodbury: The expedition was to
have consisted of Cruft's brigade, which should would enable me to put two
columns in motion at 11 p. m., for the purpose of flanking and getting in the
rear of Woodbury by daylight.
The brigade of Cruft's did not report till something after midnight, enabling me
to start one column, composed of the Forty-first Ohio Volunteers and Sixth
Kentucky, under Lieut.-Col. Wiley, of the former regiment, at 1 a. m., which
went to the right of Woodbury, and a column composed of the Ninth Indiana
Volunteers and First Kentucky, under command of Lieut.-Col. Suman, of the
former regiment, at 1.30 a. m., to proceed to the left of Woodbury. The One
hundred and tenth Illinois, under Col. Casey, accompanied this column as far
as the point on the map accompanying, marked A,NOTE 1 where they were to
turn to the right, and proceed cautiously to the Woodbury pike, in rear of the
picket post of the enemy marked B, where 60 men were on picket, and remain
concealed till the main column, composed of the Second Kentucky and Ninetieth Ohio, with Standart's battery and the Second Battalion of Third Ohio Cavalry, all commanded by Col. Enyart, First Kentucky which started at 3 a. m.,
should have driven them on to the regiment, that would capture them. The
delay of two hours in this brigade to report made it nearly that length of day
before the different columns arrived at the points intended. The One hundred
and tenth Illinois, in consequence, did not reach the pike in time to be of ser-
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 13
April 2, 1863
vice. I, however, directed the cavalry to charge this post, which they did in fine
style, sabering and capturing a dozen of this picket. We pushed on through the
town, and came upon the main body of the enemy at 6 (one regiment, [Baxter]
Smith's cavalry, of about 600), drawn up to receive us, about 1 mile beyond.
Keeping my main column concealed, I permitted the advance to parry with him
for about an hour, giving more time for the columns to get in position. I then
pressed him forward, and about 4 miles from town, upon Willey's column.
Upon seeing troops at this point, they at once scattered through the hills in all
directions. The column all gained their positions promptly, correctly, and
unknown to the enemy, marching about 16 miles to do so. Had I not been
delayed two hours, the results of the day would probably have been much more
satisfactory, as then my original plan, which was to capture entire their main
picket and regulate the speed of all the columns so as to have gathered upon the
camp at dawn, would have probably succeeded perfectly. As it is, I have to
report 3 of the enemy killed (his wounded is not known), 25 prisoners, 50
horses, 4 wagons, 8 mules, with all their baggage and provisions. Col. Suman
captured one picket post almost entire, as did also Col. Casey.
I have to speak in the highest terms of the battalion of the Third Ohio Cavalry,
commanded by Maj. Seidel. A brigade of such cavalry, well mounted, armed
with revolvers and sabers, would be invaluable. Col. Suman reports to me that
the First Kentucky, in command of Maj.-, straggled in going out, so as at one
time to be a mile long, and detaining him nearly an hour. We returned to our
camp at 12 m. See inclosed map, with routes of the columns.NOTE 2
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. B. HAZEN, Col., Cmdg. Brigade.
No. 2.
Report of Lieut. Col. Isaac C. B. Suman, Ninth Indiana Infantry,
HDQRS. NINTH INDIANA VOLUNTEERS, Readyville, Tenn., April 3,
1863.
SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by my
command, consisting of the Ninth Indiana Volunteers, Maj. Lasselle, One hundred and tenth Illinois Volunteers, Col. Casey, and First Kentucky Volunteers,
Maj.-, in the expedition against Woodbury on the 2d instant: The Ninth Indiana
moved at 1 a. m., followed by the One hundred and tenth Illinois Volunteers.
At half a mile from camp I was joined by the First Kentucky Volunteers, which
I placed in the rear of the Ninth Indiana and in advance of the One hundred and
tenth Illinois. I followed the Woodbury pike to the crossing of Louk's Creek;
then turned to the left, and up the creek between its banks 4 or 5 miles. Finding
that my guide did not know where Somers lived, that being the point where I
was to leave the One hundred and tenth Illinois (where the Auburn road
crossed the one we were then on), I called up a citizen about 1 mile this side of
where the roads crossed, and learned from him that the enemy had a picked
Page 14 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 2, 1863
post of 2 men on the east side of the road. Lieut. [L. S. ] Nickeson having command of the advance guard, dispatched 4 men with the guide, to go in their
rear. Here found that the First Kentucky Volunteers had not come up. I waited
about three-quarters of an hour, and directed Maj. Lasselle to go back and
order them forward; he found them within 1 mile, coming up. I then ordered
the Ninth Indiana forward, when the enemy's vedettes challenged my advance
guard. Lieut. Nickeson ordered his men to fix bayonets and charge them. The
moon had gone down, and it was quite dark.
The enemy's reserve finding my men coming in with their vedettes, jumped
from their beds and ran, leaving 7 horses, saddles, and bridles, several guns, 3
pairs of boots with spurs on, 8 or 9 coats, and 5 pairs of pants, with their bedding.
Being then 5 miles northwest of Woodbury, I ordered my command forward.
When I came up with the 4 men who had been sent in the rear of the vedettes. I
found that they had only killed 1 horse, and had captured none of the rebels,
who dashed by them when they found there were only a few of them. I then
moved rapidly forward till I reached a hill between the Half-Acre road and the
McMinnville turnpike. From that point I could see the enemy passing out in the
valley beyond. Believing pursuit useless, I ordered my command to move
toward Woodbury, then distant 4 miles. Having 10 of my men mounted on the
captured horses, I ordered them to scour the country and drive in toward
Woodbury all the stragglers of the First Kentucky Volunteers. It appeared that
the officers had no command over their men. They would sit down in the presence of their officers, and, when ordered forward, would reply, "I am tired,"
and remain behind.
When the column arrived at Woodbury, I halted it about an hour and a half,
when Gen. Hazen arrived and ordered it to camp. The Ninth Indiana Volunteers
lost 1 man, who straggled from his company and has not yet returned to camp.
I have no means of knowing whether the First Kentucky Volunteers brought in
all their men or not. Their stragglers brought in 1 prisoner, who had lost his
horse (killed in the morning). They found him somewhere in the country as
they straggled through.
Respectfully,
I. C. B. SUMAN, Lieut.-Col. Ninth Indiana Volunteers.
No. 3.
Report of Lieut. Col. Aquila Wiley, Forty-first Ohio Infantry.
HDQRS. FORTY-FIRST REGT., OHIO VOLUNTEERS, April 4, 1863.
MAJ.: In compliance with orders, I have the honor to submit the following
report of the operations of the detachment I commanded in the attack on the
rebel cavalry posted 2 miles east of Woodbury, on the 2d instant: The detachment consisted of the Forty-first Ohio Volunteers (12 commanding officers and
305 enlisted men) and Sixth Kentucky Volunteers (14 commanding officers
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 15
April 2, 1863
and 215 enlisted men), Lieut.-Col. Shackelford commanding. It marched from
camp at Readyville at 12.30 a. m. on the morning of the 2d instant, the Sixth
Kentucky on the right, with the advance guard, rear guard, and flankers necessary to prevent surprise, and proceeded, according to instructions, about 3
miles east on the Woodbury pike; then took a road leading to the right, and
passing about 2 1/2 miles south of Woodbury, and again striking the Woodbury
and McMinnville pike 5 miles east of Woodbury. It was 6.30 o'clock in the
morning when we reached the McMinnville pike, having marched 16 miles in
six hours, about half the distance the road being the bed of a stream in which
the water was about a foot deep. The moment our advance guard struck the
McMinnville pike they met the advance guard of the rebel's retreating forces,
who ran as soon as they discovered us. One entire company of the Sixth Kentucky was immediately deployed on each side of the road, two companies were
held in column by platoon about 100 yards in rear, in the road, in reserve, and
the rest of the regiment in line still farther to the rear, with skirmishers on the
flanks, and the Forty-first Ohio Volunteers about 200 yards farther to the rear,
in double column, with skirmishers on the flanks and a rear guard. In this manner we advanced about 100 yards, when we came on their train of 3 wagons,
which they had abandoned, only succeeding in carrying off 1 mule.
The escort, consisting of about 30 cavalry, had fled across the fields. As we
advanced we could see the rebels, in squads numbering from 5 to 10, retreating
on the ridges and in the ravines, from one-fourth to one-half mile from the
road. After proceeding in this manner about 2 miles, as the skirmishers were
ascending a hill, two squads of rebel cavalry, one about 10 and another about
20 in number, appeared in quick succession on the brow of the hill, and were
fired on by the skirmishers, killing 1 man and wounding 2 others, and killing
and wounding 4 horses. The men who were uninjured fled down a ravine on
the south side of the road, and were soon out of our reach. Our cavalry, who
had attacked in front, now coming up, ended the affair. Two of the captured
wagons we brought with us, having first transferred to them part of the load of
the third, which we had to abandon. Two men of the Forty-first Ohio Volunteers and 2 men of the Sixth Kentucky fell out of the ranks from exhaustion
during the night, and have not returned. Officers and men deserve great credit
for the cheerfulness and good order with which they marched six hours at the
top of their speed, without rest, over a rough and difficult road. The duties of
the advance, rear guards, and flankers were especially fatiguing.
I have the honor to be, your obedient servant,
AQUILA WILLEY, Lieut.-Col. Forty-first Ohio Volunteers.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 203-206.
NOTE 1: Omitted by OR the editors in 1889.
NOTE 2: Omitted by OR the editors in 1889.
Page 16 — April 1863
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April 2, 1863 - Skirmish on the Carter Creek Pike
APRIL 2, 1863.-Skirmish on the Carter Creek Pike, Tenn.
Report of Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger, U. S. Army.
FRANKLIN, April 2, 1863.
GEN.: Our cavalry made a small haul to-day; two lieutenants, 8 prisoners, and
killed 1 captain and private.
G. GRANGER, Maj.-Gen., Cmdg.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, p. 206.
April 2, 1863 - Guerrilla attack on U. S. ships at Palmyra
NASHVILLE, April 3, 1863.
Gen. GARFIELD, Chief of Staff:
Col. Boone telegraphs from Clarksville as follows:
The fleet gunboat St. Clair, and transports Eclipse, Luminary, and Lizzie Martin were fired into at Palmyra. Gunboat and Luminary perhaps taken. The
Eclipse arrived here disabled; reports the advance of rebels on this place. We
will hold until re-enforced.
WM. P. BOONE.
NASHVILLE, April 3, 1863.
Gen. GARFIELD, Chief of Staff:
I have just received the following dispatch from Clarksville:
Scouts report the gunboat and Luminary escaped capture. The rebels are at
Palmyra in force; have there a rifled 6 and smooth 12 pounder, and other caliber not ascertained. We must have the siege guns ordered for this post. Send
them at once.
WM. P. BOONE.
I have ordered the siege guns down.
ROBT. B. MITCHELL, Brig.-Gen., Cmdg.
APRIL 3, 1863.
Maj.-Gen. GRANGER, Franklin:
The fleet was attacked at Palmyra last night by the rebels, who had six pieces
of artillery.
~~~
There seems to be a considerable force at Palmyra.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 17
April 2, 1863
J. A. GARFIELD, Brig.-Gen. and Chief of Staff.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 205.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: Dyer's Battlefield Index for Tennessee does not reference this event.
Report of J. S. Hurd, Acting Volunteer Lieutenant, commanding gunboat St.
Clair, relating to the attack on ships under his convoy at Palmyra, April 2,
1863
U. S. S. St. Clair, Off Smithland, KY., April 4, 1863
Sir:
I have the honor to report in compliance with Captain Pennock's order. . . I. . .
arrived at Fort Donelson at 1 o'clock p. m. 1st instant (April) found transports
awaiting convoy; proceeded up the river. . . 9 o'clock a. m. 2d instant, arrived
at Gower's Island, above which I did not apprehend any danger. I headed
downstream to convoy (to Nashville) other transports and towboats due from
below.
My reason for doing this was there were two barges loaded with coal being
towed up the river which were drawing 71/2 feet water. There was water
enough on the shoals, but the river was falling and it was very important to get
them up before the water became too low. Arrived at Fort Donelson at 4
o'clock p. m., found transports and towboats awaiting convoy. I headed
upstream; proceeded up the river. At 10:30 o'clock p. m. arrived at Palmyra,
and when off the bluff immediately above the town the enemy opened fire
from the top of the bluff upon two transports (lashed together) in the advance.
They were then above the enemy's battery, and so far as I know proceeded up
the river uninjured. This vessel was next in line, next the Luminary (transport),
next the towboats C. Miller and J. W. Kellogg with two barges, then the Fairplay. As soon as the enemy saw their shots aimed at the advance transports
were ineffectual, they turned their attention to this vessel with artillery and
small arms. The Luminary (next astern), and then off the town, was fired into
considerably with small arms. My guns had been run out and prepared for
action. I at once returned fire, and the contest was spirited for a short time,
when my supply pipe was struck by a 12-pounder shell, which at once let the
water out of my back with the current. I hailed the Luminary (Captain Williamson), who came alongside, took my vessel in tow, and towed me down to Fort
Donelson.
I am unable to estimate the forces of the enemy, but think them in strong force
(a deserter says 12,000). They had from 10 to 12 pieces of artillery, 6 to 12
pounders. This vessel was struck six times with artillery, doing some damage,
but not serious, other than cutting my supply pipe. I also received many shots
from small arms and some of canister.
When the firing commenced I was not more than 400 feet from the enemy's
guns, and they were on the bluff at so great an elevation I could not use my
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 2, 1863
guns to an advantage until I dropped down the river, and the water was then all
out of my boilers. The only casualties to my officers or men were Acting Master Foutty, who was struck on the right knee by a 6-pounder rifle elongated
shot, and one boy slightly scalded. Acting Master George W. Foutty will lose
his right leg, and I fear it will prove fatal. He was sick; had not been out of his
bed but once during the day. When the firing commenced he at once got out of
bed, went below, and was doing his duty well at the time he received the
wound. My officer and men manifested great courage and coolness quite commendable.
At the request of Mr. Foutty, I called the post surgeon at Fort Donelson on
board, an after consultation it was thought best to place him in the hospital at
the fort.
I found it unsafe to attempt to run down to Smithland with my supply pipe so
imperfectly repaired. Applied to Colonel Lowe, commanding at Fort Donelson, for a towboat to assist me. He readily ordered the J. W. Kellogg to my
assistance. At 2:30 p. m. I got underway, stood down the river, and arrived at
Smithland at 9:30 o'clock p. m.
The Fairplay, Acting Master Groves, commanding, was not near enough to
take part in the engagement, having in charge the towboats and barges, but it
affords me pleasure to represent the promptness and efficiency of Mr. Groves
while convoying during the entire trip. . .
~~~
J. S. Hurd, Acting Volunteer Lieutenant, Commanding
Navy OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pp. 65-68.
Excerpt from a Federal soldier's diary relative to the attack at Palmyra
April 3, 1863-We also had a small fracas on the Cumberland River yesterday.
One gunboat was considerably disabled and one transport was shot through
several times but did not damage her a great deal. They have all fell back on
[Fort] Donelson again and they are waiting for more gunboats to guard them
through to Nashville. Our cavalry has started out this morning to learn the
strength of the enemy at that place. At 3 o'clock p. m. we were ordered in line
for battle and threw our tents down. We were then ordered to march up to the
fort. We then stacked our guns. The cannons commenced practice to shoot and
elevated their pieces on the hills and they all shot excellent. We are not in the
old camp again and we have everything fixed up.
Diary of Charles Schreel, Company E, 71st Ohio InfantryNOTE 1
NOTE 1: Edward F. Keuchel and James P. Jones, "Charley Schreel's Book: Diary of
a Union Soldier on Garrison Duty in Tennessee," THQ, Vol. XXXVI, No.
2 (Summer, 1977), p. 204. [Hereinafter cited as: Diary of Charles Schreel.]
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 19
April 2, 1863
April 2, 1863 - Occupation of Lebanon and Liberty by Federal forces
No circumstantial reports filed.
SMITHVILLE, Saturday Morning, April 3, 1863.
Maj. D. C. REED, Assistant Adjutant-Gen., McMinnville, Tenn.:
SIR: I am ordered by the general to report that the enemy occupied Lebanon
yesterday, their force consisting of seven regiments of infantry, three of cavalry, and two batteries. The force which drove our command from Liberty yesterday has retired to that place, and is variously estimated at from 5,000 to
10,000-infantry, cavalry, and artillery. The enemy now occupy Liberty.
Very respectfully, major, your obedient servant,
E. D. WARDER, Capt.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 738.
April 2, 1863 - Skirmish at Liberty
•See April 2, 1863--Occupation of Lebanon and Liberty by Federal forces
April 2, 1863 - Reports of Confederate foraging in the Mount Pleasant, Lawrenceburg, Lowryville and Waynesborough environs, and heavy skirmishing in front of
Shelbyville
HDQRS. DISTRICT OF COLUMBUS, April 2, 1863.
Maj.-Gen. ROSECRANS:
I am directed by Gen. Hurlbut to forward by telegraph the following communication:
Scouts in from Mount Pleasant and Lawrenceburg, Tenn., report about 1,500
cavalry at Lawrenceburg, and large force at Mount Pleasant, which has fallen
back to Lowryville; one brigade at Waynesborough. Most of these forces
belong to Van Dorn's command, and are scattered out to obtain forage and subsistence. Everything not needed for supply of his troops, Johnston has sent to
the rear. It is the common rumor that Johnston will fall back. They report heavy
skirmishing in front of Shelbyville, in which rebels lost 500, in killed
wounded, and missing. The scouts also say it is talked among Van Dorn's men
that they are to return to Mississippi. He was with them two weeks.
G. M. DODGE, Brig.-Gen., Cmdg. District.
ASBOTH, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 203.
Page 20 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 2, 1863
April 2, 1863 - Inspection of Roddey's and Patterson's cavalry
GENERAL ORDERS, No. 69. HDQRS. ARMY OF TENNESSEE,
Tullahoma, April 2, 1863.
The general commanding is gratified at the inspection report of Col.'s Roddey
and Patterson's regiments of cavalry, made by Lieut. Col. Grenfell, inspector of
cavalry. The officers and men of these regiments were found to be zealous in
the performance of their respective duties; the discipline was excellent, and the
conduct of the men toward the citizens in the neighborhood of their camp was
most praiseworthy. The arms were in good condition, and the clothing of the
men neat and uniform. In the entire two regiments, after a close and careful
inspection, only four horses were condemned as unserviceable. The discipline
on parade was excellent. The men formed quietly at the command of their
officers in a quick and soldierlike manner. The outposts of both regiments were
visited by Col. Grenfell, who found the pickets well placed and the vedettes
watchful. The report of the inspection speaks volumes for the efficiency,
energy, and fitness of the officers of these regiments, and is worthy the emulation of the different cavalry commands of this army.
The general commanding tenders his thanks to Col.'s Roddey and Patterson,
and the gallant officers and men of their commands, for the interest manifested
by them in perfecting their discipline and increasing their efficiency.
By command of Gen. Bragg:
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 737.
April 2, 1863 - Political re-education in Lexington, Henderson County
"UNION MEETING IN TENNESSEE."
Jackson, Tennessee, April 5, 1863
Editors Bulletin:
A large and enthusiastic Union meeting was had at Lexington, Henderson
County, last Thursday [2nd]. The meeting was called by the citizens of the
county, and Major Wilcox, Third Michigan Cavalry, was invited to address
them. He spoke for two hours and a half, and was throughout listened to with
great attention and enthusiasm. Henderson county is moving in the right direction. More meetings of the kind would do good, they would lead the people
North and South to a better understanding. Major Wilcox has set the hall in
motion. Who will push it along?
J. H.
Memphis Bulletin, April 11, 1863.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 21
April 2, 1863
April 2, 1863 - Children, songs and a war souvenir
A bright sunshiny morning—not cold except for the wind which is blowing
considerably—too high to be pleasant. This is "my Dushie's" birthday—she is
eight years old. Dear little thing—she started off the school this morning with
such a merry heart. Oh! these sweet children! how they twine and nestle
around our hearts! They are a great source of pride to me and a great comfort—
in spite of all the deep anxiety I feel on their account in these troublous times.
They all seem so pleased with their school—so anxious to be off every morning, and so much in earnest over their tiny tests and little lessons. Ting is such
an oddity. Last night Jessie was repeating in a rather careless way one of her
lessons commencing "Praise God,-I called her attention to the fact that such
was not the proper way to respect such words. Ting[,] looking up gravely from
the floor where she was seated with the cat in her lap said "She better not say
that, hattern she Ma? That's God's thing." She was evidently convinced of that
all morning—when the children came home we went to the river fishing—
caught no fish as the wind was high and cold. . . In the evening we had the children all in my room conning over lessons, when Maj. Buford and Col. Hawkins were announced. We spent a pleasant evening—had music—and among
things Col. H. sung for us two of his own songs, (it seems he is a poet,) one to
the air of the "Star Spangled Banner" and one a new version of Bonnie Blue
Flag which is beautiful—sentiment and refrain is "Hurrah for the bonnie flag
that ends this cruel war." Maj. B. gave me some trophies from the Murfreesboro battle—German letters and poetry—and Mollie [got] a Yankee copper
cent which was from the gun-boat taken by Wheeler's cavalry.NOTE 1 I had cake
and cordial which were cussed and warmly complimented. This morning I took
Memo, of an official report of Gen. Morgan's of the battle of
HartsvilleNOTE 2—3 reports—one of the late battle of MiltonNOTE 3—together
with a bundle of Northern paper were sent me day before yesterday by Mrs.
Morgan—I returned them this morning.
War Journal of Lucy Virginia French.
NOTE 1: January 8-14, 1863, Wheeler's Raid, including affairs at Mill Creek, Harpeth Shoals, and Ashland. It was during this operation, at Harpeth Shoals,
that wounded Union soldiers were taken off a hospital boat by Wheeler's
command, and the boat destroyed.
NOTE 2: December 7, 1862.
NOTE 3: Fought in northeastern Rutherford County on March 20, 1863.
Page 22 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 2, 1863
April 2, 1863 - April 6, 1863 - Reconnaissance, Murfreesborough to Auburn, Lebanon,
Carthage, Cherry; Valley, Statesville, Snow Hill & Liberty
Report of Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler, C. S. Army, of affair at Liberty, April 3,
1863.
McMinnville, Tenn., April 3, 1863.
COL.: The enemy attacked Col. [R. M. ] Gano, commanding [J. H. ] Morgan's
division, at Liberty this morning, and compelled him to fall back to Snow Hill,
a distance of 5 miles. Col. Gano reports the enemy to be 8,000 strong. Our loss
light.
JOS. WHEELER, Maj.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, p. 214.
APRIL 2-6, 1863.-Reconnaissance from near Murfreesborough to Auburn,
Liberty, Snow Hill, Cherry Valley, Statesville, Cainsville, and Lebanon, and
skirmishes (April 3) at Snow Hill, or Smith's Ford, and Liberty, Tenn.
Report of Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans, U. S. Army, commanding Department of the Cumberland.
MURFREESBOROUGH, TENN., April 6, 1863—4.45 p. m.
Gen. Stanley has returned from his scout, bringing in some 40 or 50 prisoners
and 300 serviceable horses and mules. He drove Morgan's cavalry from the
Peninsula, whipped them from their stronghold, Snow Hill, north of Smithville, and, but for their precipitate retreat and the difficult nature of the country,
would have had a force in their rear and captured their artillery and animals.
The enemy left quite a number of dead, and fled toward McMinnville, losing
many horses, saddles, and guns.
Report will be forwarded by mail. I trust our cavalry will soon begin to show
its virtue in a way the rebels will not relish.
W. S. ROSECRANS, Maj.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, p. 207.
Report of Col. James W. Paramore, Third Ohio Cavalry, commanding Second
Cavalry Brigade.
HDQRS. SECOND CAVALRY BRIGADE, Camp Stanley, April 7, 1863.
SIR:
~~~
We marched on the Liberty pike, in rear of the First Brigade, till we came to
Prosperity Church, 31/2 miles beyond Auburn. There a body of Confederate
cavalry was encountered by the First Brigade, and, after a short skirmish, the
rebel cavalry moved over to the left of the position occupied by the First Brigade, and crossed the river toward their flank. I was then ordered by Col.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 23
April 2, 1863
Minty to take my brigade across the river and dislodge them from that position,
which I did after a short skirmish, in which we killed 1 and wounded 2 or 3
others. We drove them about 1 1/2 miles, when darkness closed the pursuit,
and we foraged for the night; furnished three companies for picket.
On the morning of the 3d instant, in accordance with instructions received, I
moved on a by-road about 1 1/2 miles to the left of the Murfreesborough and
Liberty pike, and parallel with it (with a line of skirmishers covering the front
of my column and connecting with those of the First Brigade), until I reached
the Lebanon and McMinnville pike. I then moved down that pike, toward Liberty, coming in the rear of the First Brigade. When we arrived at Liberty, I
received orders to cross the river to the right and dislodge the enemy's sharpshooters, that were occupying a high hill to the east of the town, and opposing
the advance of the First Brigade. I did so, by dismounting a squadron of my
command and sending them up the hills as skirmishers, who soon gained its
summit and dispersed the rebels. It was accomplished with difficulty, however,
as it was a rough, rugged hill, and almost impassable even for footmen. I
moved the column over through a kind of a gap through the mountain till I
struck a cove leading down to the pike. I followed that down to the pike, where
I met the First Brigade moving up, and there I received orders to again move to
the right across another mountain and occupy a ravine to the right of Snow
Hill, where we expected the rebels would make a stand. I accomplished that
also in safety by clumping the mountain in single file (there being no road),
and leading our horses. After we had gained that position and closed up in line
of battle, the First Brigade moved up along the pike and formed in the ravine to
our left. During this time skirmishing was going on between the rebels and our
infantry and artillery moving up the pike, but with what success I could not
learn, as they were then concealed from my view. About this time I learned
from Lieut. [W. L. ] Hathaway, of the First Middle Tennessee, that there was a
path accessible for horsemen, by which we could gain the summit of the hill
and get around to the rear of the rebels and cut off their retreat. Thinking that
another dose of flank movements might do them good, I determined to make
the trial, and started, which, I am happy to state, proved an entire success."Bonaparte crossing the Alps" was an insignificant affair to our passage
over that mountain. But we gained the submit in safety, and shortly met the
advance of the enemy coming to drive us back, as it appears they had observed
us ascending the mountain. We drove them steadily before us till we came
within about 1 mile of the pike, where they had concentrated their whole force,
consisting of seven regiments, numbering between 2,500 and 3,000 men, commanded by Col. Duke, who had just arrived from McMinnville, Col.'s Gano
and Breckinridge were also present.
Here was a place that required nerve, as well as plenty of ammunition. To have
retreated down that mountain would have been exceedingly disastrous, and
almost an impossibility. After canvassing the ground, and observing that it was
a narrow passage or backbone, with a deep ravine on each side, thus preventing
them from getting around to our rear, I determined to attack them vigorously,
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 2, 1863
making as much show of force as I could; also feeling confident that we could
whip any force that could get in our front. Accordingly, after consultation with
Col. Long and other officers, we opened the attack by dismounting the Fourth
Ohio, and sending them on under shelter of logs, trees, &c., to within easy carbine range, when they opened the most terrible fire upon the enemy for so
small a number of men that I ever heard. I then placed the led horses in rear,
and brought up the Third Ohio, and kept them mounted in rear of the dismounted men, ready for pursuit in case they should retreat.
Inch by inch the foe gave ground, stubbornly striving to resist our progress, but
our men fought with determined spirit, and I never once faltered. So rapid was
their firing that in twenty minutes I found many of the Fourth were out of
ammunition, having fired some sixty shots [each] in that time. But the rebels
had now begun to retreat more rapidly, and many of them dropping their guns
and cartridge-boxes, I gave orders to fill the exhausted boxes from these. A
concentration of force soon became apparent on the enemy's right, and I
extended my left and strengthened it from the center and right. The firing again
became fierce on both sides, but the advantage was with us, and after slowly
pressing them some 600 yards farther through dense timber and thick chaparral, an exultant shout of victory was carried along our lines, and the enemy
wheeled and fled precipitately. I immediately ordered the Third to charge, and
they rapidly followed the retreating column, pressing close upon its rear and
pouring in rapid volleys from their carbines. The Fourth Ohio were well-night
exhausted from the severe work they had had, dismounted, but mounted their
horses as soon as they were brought up, and followed. The enemy's cavalry had
meantime reached the Liberty and McMinnville pike, which runs over Snow
Hill, and struck to the right toward Smithville. A few hundred yards from
where we gained the pike, the latter inclines to the left, and here the rear guard
of the pursued party attempted to hold the Third in check, firing one volley,
and wounding 2 men, a sergeant and private of the Third Ohio, but they were
quickly driven from their position and were then pursued for about 1 mile. Our
horses were much worn or the chase would have been continued farther. As it
was, we overtook and captured some 12 of the enemy, belonging to the Second
and Third Kentucky Regt. 's. During the fight and the chase we lost none killed
and had but 3 wounded, the two above referred to and 1 man of the Fourth,
while the rebels lost, in killed and wounded, at least 20, an my opinion is that
the number was greater, though it was almost impossible to obtain accurate
information. Several of their wounded were picked up in the road and in the
thicket, and carried to neighboring houses by the Tenth Ohio, which had now
come up and reported to me through the commanding officer. The consternation of the enemy must have been as great as his flight was rapid, for the route
was strewn with arms, and accouterments, and clothing, and I am the more
convinced that a large number was wounded from the quantity of saddles who
found scattered in every direction.
After halting on the hill for an hour, to rest my horses, and also in expedition of
further orders from the general commanding, I returned toward Liberty to join
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 25
April 2, 1863
the main command, and went into camp this side the intersection of the Auburn
road. Picketed my front and left flank with two companies.
On the 4th, I moved forward with the column, passing through Alexandria,
where I found and seized a Government wagon, which had been captured from
the Union forces some time since. From Alexandria, having the right of the
column, I moved out the Carthage road, according to orders received, a distance of about 3 or 4 miles, when a portion of Col. Wilder's command was met,
coming from Carthage, and orders then reached me to countermarch and return
to Alexandria. From the latter place I moved in rear of the First Cavalry Brigade, on the Lebanon pike, and camped, about 5 p. m., 11/2 miles from the village of Cherry Valley, where was found an abundance of forage, belonging to a
rebel family. Threw out two companies to my front at the village, and one company on the bluff to my left, as picket.
On the morning of the 5th, I moved my command shortly after daylight, and
prepared to scout the country between this pike and the Lebanon and Murfreesborough pike, with the consent and approval of the general commanding, who
added to my command for this purpose the Fourth Michigan and Seventh
Pennsylvania Regt. 's. The Seventh Pennsylvania was then sent across the
country to the left, to move through Statesville and Painesville [Cainsville].
They were ordered to throw out a line of skirmishers to their front, to arrest all
guerrillas and suspicious parties, and to take serviceable horses and mules
wherever found. The Fourth Michigan was ordered to move to the right of the
Seventh Pennsylvania, with similar instructions, their line of skirmishers to
connect on the left with those on the right of the Seventh Pennsylvania. After
moving down the pike about 1 mile farther, I sent out the Third Ohio, their
right to move on a line with the left of the Fourth Ohio, whose column was to
move in parallel line about 2 miles nearer Lebanon. By this disposition of
forces my line of skirmishers took in some 12 miles of country, and each column was in supporting distance of the others, in case of trouble. I myself, with
staff, accompanied the Third Ohio Regt., Lieut.-Col. Murray commanding. All
were instructed to regulate their movements so as to be able to report in the
evening at Baird's Mills, 9 miles from Lebanon. Not having the official reports
of commanding officers of the two regiments of the First Brigade, I am unable
to give the result of their expedition. The Third and Fourth Ohio Regt.'s, of my
brigade, succeeded in capturing and seizing 110 horses, most of them known to
have belonged to guerrillas or other parties in the Confederate service, 33
mules, and 22 prisoners. Some of the latter were afterward released, nothing
appearing against them, and the remainder were, by the brigade provost-marshall, turned over to the infantry. Encamped near Baird's Mills.
On the 6th instant, we moved with the entire command toward Murfreesborough, crossing Stone's River by easy ford. Arrived at camp at 2 o'clock p. m.
Respectfully submitting the above, I am, captain, your obedient servant,
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 2, 1863
J. W. PARAMORE, Col., Cmdg. Second Cavalry Brigade,
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 209-212.
April 2, 1863 - April 6, 1863 - Scout in Beaver Creek Swamp, West Tennessee
APRIL 2-6, 1863.-Scout in Beaver Creek Swamp, Tenn.
Report of Lieut. Col. Thomas P. Herrick, Seventh Kansas Cavalry. GERMANTOWN, TENN., April 6, 1863.
LIEUT.: I have the honor to report that, in accordance with the order of Gen.
Hurlbut, I left camp at daylight on the morning of the 2d instant, with the effective force of the Seventh Kansas Cavalry, to move against Richardson's force,
then supposed to be in the swamps of Beaver Creek. On arriving at Hickory
Wythe, I learned that the Second Iowa Cavalry had passed through that place
an hour before, on their way down from a scout through the country I was
ordered to visit. After crossing Loosahatchee, I learned that immediately after
the surprise and slaughter of our men near Belmont, on Sunday night, March
29, Richardson had disbanded his men, fearing so large a Federal force would
be sent into the country that his command would be destroyed if he attempted
to keep it together. I therefore saw that it would be impossible for me to accomplish what was evidently expected from the expedition, for where men are scattered through the swamps it is only by chance that they can be caught.
However, I spent two days in the swamps on Beaver, thoroughly scouring the
whole country, from the head of East Beaver, 5 miles above Mason's Station,
around to Portersville, on the west. Probably one-third of Richardson's active
force was scattered through this stretch of country, but our movements were so
vigilantly watched and so faithfully reported by the "peaceable citizens", that
the entire population anticipated our approach.
Knowing that I would meet no hostile force, I deployed the men by squadrons,
and made a hunt instead of a march, sending them in lines of skirmishers
through swamps and fields over the whole country. I had some hope that by
this means I might find Richardson himself, who has been wounded, and is
said to be concealed somewhere in that country.
I then moved down Beaver to its junction with the Loosahatchee, which I
recrossed early yesterday morning. On Cypress I captured a few prisoners, and
found that many more of Richardson's men were in that neighborhood than
north of the Loosahatchee. I was anxious to spend a couple of days on Cypress,
believing I could capture a considerable number of prisoners, but our subsistence was exhausted, and I had no permission to subsist on the country. I therefore returned to camp, where I arrived last night.
I met with no loss except that about 20 of our poorest horses died or had to be
abandoned on the march. I captured enough animals belonging to Richardson's
men to make up the deficiency.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 27
April 2, 1863
I made every effort to communicate with Col. Lawler, but could neither find
nor hear of him. About 2 miles southeast of Portersville, in Beaver Swamp, I
found 500 bushels of corn in gunny-sacks, which had been captured by Richardson near Randolph. He had pressed teams in the vicinity of Portersville
about a month since, and hauled the corn to this hiding-place for further use. I
burned it.
On Thursday night, after we had crossed Loosahatchee, going northward the
bridge below Quinn's Mills was burned, either by citizens or guerrillas. On my
return, I found a report circulating among the people that the bridge had been
burned by my men. The story will doubtless find its way to headquarters, but it
is so palpably absurd that I trust it will not need contradiction. Gen. Hurlbut's
orders were strictly observed in every respect.
The conduct of officers and men was praiseworthy, and I am confident that
there was no single instance of improper conduct on the part of any man in the
expedition. I send herewith triplicate descriptive rolls of 9 prisoners, who will
be turned over to you. A lieutenant named R. F. Graham was killed.
Your obedient servant,
T. P. HERRICK, Lieut.-Col., Cmdg. Seventh Kansas Cavalry.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. I, pp. 500-501.
April 2, 1863 - April 10, 1863 - Federal Expeditionary forces on line from Bolivar to Covington, Tipton County, all territory west of Covington and Beaver Creek to
the Mississippi River and back to Bolivar
•See April 1, 1863-April 16, 1863-Expedition from Jackson to the Hatchie
River and skirmishes
April 3, 1863 - Skirmish at Liberty
•See April 2, 1863-April 6, 1863-Reconnaissance, Murfreesborough to Auburn, Lebanon, Carthage, Cherry; Valley, Statesville, Snow Hill & Liberty
April 3, 1863 - Skirmish, Snow Hill (Smith's Ford)
•See April 2, 1863-April 6, 1863-Reconnaissance, Murfreesborough to Auburn, Lebanon, Carthage, Cherry; Valley, Statesville, Snow Hill & Liberty
Page 28 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 4, 1863
April 3, 1863 - Skirmish near and burning of Confederate supplies at Taylorsville
•See April 1, 1863-April 8, 1863-Expedition from Murfreesborough to Lebanon, Carthage, & Liberty
April 3, 1863 - Attack upon US steamboats at Iron Pike Shoals, Cumberland River, near
Palmyra
•See April 5, 1863--“Found a few stragglers in Palymyra; killed two or three;
burned the town; not a house left; a very bad hole; best to get rid of it and
teach the rebels a lesson.” Sack of Palmyra by U. S. N.
April 3, 1863 - April 4, 1863 - Capture of Federal soldiers near Taylorsville and amputation
near Lebanon
•See April 1, 1863-April 8, 1863-Expedition from Murfreesborough to Lebanon, Carthage, & Liberty
ca. April 3, 1863 - April 7, 1863 - Scout near Murfreesboro
No circumstantial reports filed.
The 3rd Brigade has gone out on a scout, and we have to do their picketing and
it takes nearly half our men to fill each daily detail.
The third Brigade returned from its scout on the 7th. . .
Boy in Blue, p. 154.
April 4, 1863 - Skirmish on Nonconnah Creek, near Memphis
APRIL 4, 1863.-Skirmish on Nonconnah Creek, near Memphis, Tenn.
REPORTS.
No. 1.-Maj. Gen. Stephen A. Hurlbut, U. S. Army, commanding Sixteenth
Army Corps.
No. 2.-Brig. Gen. James R. Chalmers, C. S. Army, commanding district.
No. 1.
Report of Maj. Gen. Stephen A. Hurlbut, U. S. Army, commanding Sixteenth
Army Corps.
MEMPHIS, TENN., April 4, 1863.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 29
April 4, 1863
SIR: Brig. Gen. L. Thomas, Adjutant-Gen., is here on a tour of inspection. I am
gratified that so far as he has seen or expressed an opinion it is favorable.
There has been a small picket affair on the line of the Nonconnah to-day, not
yet over. Our cavalry pickets (Second Wisconsin) were struck about daylight, 2
men wounded and 2 captured. Col. Stephens (Second Wisconsin), with about
100 men, pursued, crossed the Nonconnah, and drove their pickets 6 miles,
when, finding the enemy in force, about from 600 to 800 cavalry and dismounted men, and hearing of a battery, he fell back. I immediately ordered
Lauman's First Brigade (four regiments and a battery) forward, and pushed two
battalions of the Fifth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry over the Nonconnah. I have not
yet heard from them, nor do I think the enemy will wait for an attack. I think it
was a ruse to draw a portion of our cavalry out and surround them. If they
come in before the boat leaves, I will report further, but I think this is all. I
scarcely believe that Chalmers would venture infantry and artillery so near us,
and think it is only a dash of mounted men.
Your obedient servant,
S. A. HURLBUT, Maj.-Gen.
No. 2.
Report of Brig. Gen. James R. Chalmers, C. S. Army, commanding District.
SENATOBIA, April 5, 1863.
I hope the orders will not take Maj. [W. M. ] Inge from me. He is now east of
my line, but about ready to bring his command here.
We drove the enemy's pickets within 5 miles of Memphis. Killed 1, wounded
several; captured 2, with horses and equipments complete. They came out
afterward, but, finding us ready, did not advance.
JAMES R. CHALMERS, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. I, p. 512.
April 4, 1863 - Capture of Federal soldiers at Starnes' Mill
No circumstantial reports filed.
CHAPEL HILL, April 5, 1863—8 p. m.
Lieut.-Gen. POLK, Shelbyville, Tenn.:
GEN.: My scouts have just returned from College Grove. They report that Col.
[J. W. ] Starnes captured a party of the enemy at Starnes' Mill yesterday
evening. The enemy were in line of battle at College Grove nearly all day. Col.
Starnes, who camped there last night, retired this morning. Scouts entered the
town about half an hour after the enemy left, and reported their number
between 300 and 500.
No infantry crossed the river.
Page 30 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 4, 1863
JOSIAH PATTERSON, Col. Cavalry Regt.
MRS. GLASCOCK'S, Woodbury Road, April 5, 1863—8.45 p. m.
Maj. D. G. REED, Assistant Adjutant-Gen., and
Maj.-Gen. WHEELER, Cmdg. Cavalry Corps, McMinnville, Tenn.:
I drove in the rear, about 5 p. m., of the force that came out from Woodbury
this morning. It proved to be a regiment of infantry, with a small cavalry force,
to draw me out into the ambuscade they had prepared.
At that hour (5 p. m.) they had no force on this side of Woodbury. I have information of only one regiment of infantry being at Woodbury. The cavalry force
there has gone up the Short Mountain road, probably as high as Smithville.
With that information, I moved to this point, with a view to prevent a force
coming in my rear from Short Mountain.
I received a dispatch late this morning from Lieut.-Col. [J. M. ] Bounds, commanding the Eleventh Texas, stating that that regiment and the Third Confederate, under Lieut.-Col. [W. N. ] Estes, were at Jacksborough, and would encamp
3 miles nearer McMinnville than that point, and, if I needed their assistance,
they would come here before proceeding to McMinnville.
I would respectfully ask of the major-general to grant me the privilege of taking my own and those two regiments, and go to-morrow morning, by way
either of Smithville or by Woodbury, on the Short Mountain road, and see what
can be done with the cavalry force that has gone there. I would like to have an
immediate answer. I would respectfully ask the major-general to permit me to
order Capt. [J. W. ] Nichol, Company G, of my command, to my regiment. It is
at Bradyville. I would like to have the latest information that you have in reference to Gen. Morgan's position at present. I have a scout out toward the Short
Mountain road, and as soon as it comes in I will send you another dispatch. I
also have one on the other flank.
I am, major, very respectfully, &c.,
BAXTER SMITH, Col., Cmdg. Fourth Tennessee Cavalry.
P. S. -It is impossible for me to give information to the command at Smithville
or Liberty of any movements of the enemy under present circumstances, unless
they are sent by McMinnville.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23. pt. II, pp. 739-740.
April 4, 1863 - Skirmish at Woodbury
No circumstantial reports filed.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 31
April 4, 1863
April 4, 1863 - Skirmish on the Lewisburg Pike
HDQRS. COMPANY M, SECOND MICHIGAN CAVALRY, Franklin, Tenn.,
March 4, 1863.
Brig.-Gen. GILBERT, Cmdg. Forces, Franklin, Tenn.:
SIR: In accordance with a verbal order received from you to-day at noon,
requiring me to visit the command of Col. Coburn and notify you of his condition and the probable force of the enemy, I have the honor to submit the following report: I found Col. Coburn and his command about 4 miles from Franklin,
on the Columbia pike, on the ground occupied by him during the skirmish a
few hours before. I was shown the ground upon which the enemy were drawn
up in line before the skirmish; it was between 400 and 500 yards in length.
After a short fight, the enemy had been driven from his position in some disorder. Soon after the skirmish, the cavalry, under Col. Jordan, had been sent over
to the Lewisburg pike to look after a force said to be there. From what information I can gather, and my own estimate of the enemy's numbers, from the extent
of his line, and the ground over which it was drawn up, I do not think there are
1,000 men, all cavalry, and three pieces of artillery.
Col. Jordan reported in person to Col. Coburn, stating that he had found a force
on the Lewisburg pike, and left the Second Michigan Cavalry to hold it in
check. The command moved forward a mile or more, meeting with no resistance. Col. Coburn said he would go into camp there for the night, as it was
then late, and his cavalry was not all in; he was also short of artillery ammunition. He is in a good deal of doubt as to the intentions of the enemy, and not
over-confident.
I am, sir, very respectfully,
THOMAS W. JOHNSTON, Capt. Second Michigan Cavalry, Cmdg. Company
M
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, p. 79.
April 4, 1863 - Report to President Jefferson's office regarding subsistence difficulties of
Army of Tennessee
OFFICE GEN. PURCHASING COMMISSARY.
Atlanta, Ga., April 4, 1863.
Col. WM. PRESTON JOHNSTON, Aide-de-Camp to His Excellency President Davis:
Colonel.:
~~~
As you are aware, I have recently visited the Army of Tennessee, and upon my
return to this place I made a full report of my observations to the Department at
Richmond, and for particulars of said report I refer you to the original, which is
Page 32 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 4, 1863
now on file in the office of the Commissary-Gen. The substance of this report
was that I found the commissaries of that army working with a great deal of
energy, and I am encouraged to believe that their success will be such (since
the transportation and roads are improving) that the necessity for drawing on
the reserves will not be so great as it has been heretofore (during the winter
months). I do not hesitate to state that I think the commissaries of the Army of
Tennessee are now doing all that it is possible to do in the way of collecting
supplies. The most of the subsistence that they are now collecting is being
obtained from near and within the enemy's lines; indeed, some of my agents
are operating in the rear of the Federal lines, and with much success. Their success, however, is to a great extent attributable to my having furnished them
with bank-notes, which were drawing supplies that could not be reached with
Confederate Treasury notes, for the reason that the people near and within the
enemy's lines cannot use Confederate Treasury notes to any advantage.
Although the people of Middle Tennessee are as loyal and devotedly attached
to the South as any people within the Confederacy (indeed, their sacrifices for
our cause have been great and heavy, as much as any other section, and in fact
much more than many other sections) at the same time those people feel that
they have other obligations upon them- those of providing for their families.
They are willing to give all their subsistence provided they are paid in currency
that will procure subsistence for their wives and children if our Armies should
meet with a reverse, and we again be compelled to leave that devoted and loyal
people to the mercies of the foul invader. Under these circumstances I did
think, and still think, this policy would largely increase our stock of subsistence, which is more valuable to us than even gold or precious jewels. I felt it
was a duty we owed that people (having given up as they have the principal
part of their subsistence at comparatively low prices) to leave with them a circulation that would obtain for them the necessaries of life if we should be compelled to vacate the country. Unfortunately, as it appears to me, the Secretary of
War has a different view of the case and has given an order that bank-notes
shall not be used in Tennessee, but may be used in Kentucky. I cannot see why
the discrimination should be made against the people of Tennessee, who are
nominally in the Federal lines. At any rate, I am satisfied that the refusal of the
use of bank-notes in that section of Middle Tennessee that is near or within the
enemy's lines will seriously interfere with the collection of supplies. My opinion on this question is, that if bank-notes will procure more subsistence than
Treasury notes (in this time of great want), we should use the bank-notes, and
if bank-notes will not obtain the supplies and gold will, then we should use the
gold.
It is evident to all in authority (those who have investigated the question of
subsistence) that our battle against want and starvation is greater than against
our enemies; hence I think no stone should be left upturned in this great struggle for subsistence, for, without subsistence, all must admit our Government to
be a failure. I think that (although mortifying and humiliating) we are justified
in resorting to any and all conceivable modes of obtaining supplies, even, if
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 33
April 4, 1863
needs, be to exchange cotton with the enemy for bacon."Cotton will not answer
for subsistence," and I think if we can conceive any plan by which we can
exchange cotton for supplies, we should be all means do so. As much as I
regret to say it, the necessity is upon us, and requires prompt and energetic
action; therefore I respectfully submit for the consideration of the President
and others in authority, the necessity and importance of entering at once into
negotiations for procuring supplies from the enemy or the friends of the enemy,
by exchanging cotton with them. I am assured this can be successfully done;
indeed I have, within the last few days, had propositions made by enterprising,
responsible, energetic, and loyal parties to undertake, it and have the best of
reasons for believing the enterprise will at least partially succeed. In addition to
this mode of procuring supplies, much may, and I hope will, be done in bringing supplies from foreign ports. This matter has been presented to and I suppose considered by the Commissary Department. If it meets the sanction and
approval of the Administration, I will do what I can in organizing and negotiating for these enterprises. I feel much interest; indeed, I feel that everything
depends on the question of subsistence, and I feel the importance of straining
every nerve at once and without delay, to increase our present limited and fast
decreasing stock of subsistence.
~~~
I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
[J. F. CUMMING, Maj. and Commissary of Subsistence.]
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 770-772.
April 4, 1863 - False alarm
Yesterday the town was in a perfect panic—the Yankees "in force" were right
upon us! When Darlin came about 1 o'clock he said the news was "official"
that the Yanks were 6 miles on this side of Woodbury early in the morning and
advancing. Smith's reg. was holding them in check. It was said he had dispatched Wheeler, "For God's sake Gen. Wheeler, send us reinforcements,"
Gen. W. replied "It is impossible." People were in [a] perfect whirl of excitement—everybody getting away that could. Dr. Reed took off all his negros and
all Mrs. Hills-started for Ga. With 10 minutes warning. Mrs. [Waters] was
leaving Mrs. Rowan's and Mrs. R. —when the Col. applied to her [to] take us
to board acceded with the greatest cordiality—telling him to bring us right in.
She sent word to me by Mollie about 3 P. M. to "come right on along." Heaven
bless her kind heart! At this time news had come that the Yankees were in 12
miles of us—Smith's men still resolutely endeavoring to keep them back. Mollie and I hastily packed our trunks—I putting up my silver, fine books, etc. and
all our clothing it was almost dark when the wagon came—we sent off our
trunks (a perfect wagon—loaded with my sewing machine and Mollie's guitar.
But great gracious! here was all our provisions—my piano and pictures and the
furniture of the parlor and front bedroom—all of which I did not feel disposed
[to lose], and which I despaired of getting away in time. I made no fuss what-
Page 34 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 4, 1863
ever, but endeavored to think of everything necessary—without excitement.
Just at dark news came that the Yanks were "falling back"—Morgan dispatched that he would occupy Liberty last night [4th] the 4th was not in the
original and Gen. Wheeler gave it as his opinion that the enemy would not venture up here at present. As the news was "official" we concluded not to go into
town that night but remain until morning. A heavy cavalry picket was stationed
on the hill below the "white gate" and is there still. A heavier force is at the
branch. I do not know, I am sure, what will be the result of this affair. We cannot tell what an hour may bring forth. The reports of one minute may contradict those of a moment before. And as to what we shall do I can tell as little.
For myself I am disposed to stay right at home—yet that may be wrong. Mr.
Duke was to move into [our] house this morning—but we are here still—how
long we may be here we do not know. I think myself that the Yankees will be in
here some time if not just now—it is only a question of time and weather. I
learn that the "Unionists" in town were so jubilant yesterday that they would
scarcely restrain themselves at all. How strange that any person should rejoice
at the inroads of a devastating enemy—one by whom their neighbors and
friends are sacrificed. Mrs. Morgan was to have left last evening—I don't'
know if she got off. I pitied Ellsworth Morgan's lighting operation he was lying
at Mrs. Rowan's with a broken leg, Mrs. Morgan was to have taken him in her
ambulance, but late in the evening sent him word she could not, but Dr. Williams would take him in his. Mrs. Rowan was very uneasy about it—the Yankees would not spare Ellsworth—if they could get him.—Yesterday I had a
note from Brooks Trezevant—he is sick, and said he would be here this
evening for me to nurse him well again. I presume he will not come now. I do
wish we were away up at Bersheba, or Dan where one could have a little quiet
and peace of their lives for Yankees. There is no telling when they may come
in here—there is nothing to prevent them that I can see, if they come in force—
as they are sure to do.
War Journal of Lucy Virginia French, April 5, 1863.
April 4, 1863 - U. S. policy toward recruiting contraband artillerists and trade restrictions in
Memphis
MEMPHIS, TENN., April 4, 1863.
(Via Cairo, Ill., 6th.)
Hon. E. M. STANTON:
I arrived here last night, and explained this morning to Gen. Hurlbut the policy
of the Administration respecting the contraband. He says his corps will give it
their support, especially those regiments which have been in battle. He desires
600 as artillerists, to man the heavy guns in position, which he says can readily
be raised from the contraband within his lines. I have authorized him to raise
from the contraband within his lines. I have authorized him to raise six companies, and select the officers. He knows intelligent sergeants who will make
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 35
April 4, 1863
good captains. The experience of the Navy is that blacks handle heavy guns
well. Gen. Hurlbut is embarrassed with the runaways from their Tennessee
masters. They come here in a state of destitution, especially the women and
children. He cannot send them back, and I advise their employment as far as
possible by the quartermaster, and the general is authorized by Gen. Grant to
hire them to citizens who will give proper bonds. Goods shipped here have
been on entirely too extensive a scale, especially clothing and other articles
needed by the rebels. At least 2,500 pairs of cavalry boots are here. Smuggling
from this place and on the river below has been carried on extensively. The
trade should be restricted. I am assured that no officers of the command have
anything to do with cotton. It is ostensibly bought here, but the dealers in it
have their agents, who buy through the country before it reaches this point. It
should be brought or shipped here by owners, delivered to the Government cotton to be sold here in the same way, this being a better market than Saint Louis.
After to-day I shall take the first boat for Helena. Nothing of importance from
below.
L. THOMAS, Adjutant-Gen.
OR, Ser. III, Vol. 3, p. 116.
April 4, 1863 - April 5, 1863 - Federal anti-guerrilla expedition and measures along the
Cumberland River
No circumstantial reports filed.
CARTHAGE, TENN., April 5, 1863.
Brig. Gen. JAMES A. GARFIELD,
Chief of Staff, Army of the Cumberland, Murfreesborough, Tenn.:
Gen. Spears and Col. Wilder arrived on the opposite side of the river last night
with their commands. Gen. Spears turned over 14 prisoners and Col. Wilder
15. Gen. Spears moved to this side of the river to-day. To-morrow Col. Wilder
goes to Alexandria, on his return to his division. I shall send [John] Murphy's
cavalry part of the way with him, and also sent some infantry below on the
river, to scatter out in small squads and watch the river, unseen, and prevent
those small squads from crossing the river. I will also send an expedition up the
river, of cavalry and infantry, to mount all the infantry I can. I would like to
have saddles sent me, as the saddles we get in this country are not fit for cavalry. I have not over forty days' provisions for my present command here.
GEORGE CROOK, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 211-212.
Page 36 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 5, 1863
April 4, 1863 - April 6, 1863 - Movement of Confederate cavalry, Unionville to McMinnville
•See April 10, 1863--Confederate attack on a train near Hermitage, on Cumberland River
April 4, 1863 - Confederate deserters in East Tennessee
Deserters-One Hundred and Eighty Dollars Reward.
Headquarters Camp Instruction,
Knoxvile, April 4, 1863
The Above Reward will be paid for the apprehension and confinement in jail,
or delivery to me at this place, or $30 each, for the following named deserters
from this camp;
BENJ. F. COOLY, deserted on the 31st March, 1863, is 30 years of age, five
feet 8 inches height, complexion dark, eyes dark, hair black; resides in Roane
county, Tenn.
E. P. COFFY, deserted on the 2d inst., is 27 years of age, 6 feet 2 inches height,
dark complexion, dark eyes, black hair; resides in Washingtgon county, Tenn.
L. K. SEXTON, deserted on the 2d inst., is 29 years of age, 6 feet 1 inch
height, dark complexion, hazel eyes, dark hair; resided in Greene county, Tenn.
P:. L. MYNATT deserted on the 2d inst., is 36 years of age, 5 feet 8 inches
height, fair complexion, gray eyes, dark hair; resides in Knox county, Tenn.
ISAAC TROUT, deserted on the 3d inst., is 23 years of age, 5 feet 6 inches
height, dark complexion, gray eyes, black hair; resided in Knox county, Tenn.
McD. GUINN, deserted on the 4th inst., is 36 years of age, 6 feet high, fair
complexion, blue eyes, darkhair; resided in Greene county, Tenn.
By order of L. PECK, Maj. P. A. C. S., Commanding Camp of Instruction.
Knoxville Daily Register, April 18, 1863.
April 5, 1863 - “Found a few stragglers in Palymyra; killed two or three; burned the town;
not a house left; a very bad hole; best to get rid of it and teach the rebels a
lesson.” Sack of Palmyra by U. S. N.
SMITHLAND [KY], April 3, 1863
Just received telegram from Captain Hurd. Was engaged at Palmyra. Mr.
Foutty badly wounded. Rebels in force there with battery. His machinery
slightly disabled. I leave in ten minutes for Palmyra with all the boats. Will
whip them out. I have not time no to complete my written report; will send it
soon as possible.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 37
April 5, 1863
Please hurry up our other boats. We need them now. Plenty fun in other river,
as I understand no troops to be convoyed Tennessee just now. I believe General
Rosecrans has concluded not to send any
LeRoy Fitch,
SMITHLAND [KY], April 6, 1863
Captain Fitch [and] I found the enemy in force at Palymyra last evening.
Foutty is seriously wounded. My machinery is crippled. Come up with the Lexington as soon as possible.
J. S. Hurd
LeRoy Fitch
SMITHLAND [KY], [April] 6, 1863
Have returned from Harpeth Shoals; river all clear just now. Enemy left
Palmyra for Beatstown [Betsy Town] Landing; got their batteries in position,
heard of our approach, and left in haste for Charlotte. Found a few stragglers in
Palymyra; killed two or three; burned the town; not a house left; a very bad
hole; best to get rid of it and teach the rebels a lesson. Landed a Beatstown
[Betsy Town] with infantry and cavalry from Clarksville; pursued the rebels 6
miles back; it was not prudent to follow them farther. Sent the fleet on up to
Nashville under convoy of Brilliant, Robb, and Silver Lake. Remained at Beatstown [Betsy Town] Landing with gunboats Lexington, Springfield, and one
transport till infantry returned near 10 p. m. . .
LeRoy Fitch, Lieutenant-Commander
Navy OR, Ser. 1, Vol. 24, pp. 74-75.
CLARKSVILLE, April 4, 1863—12 m.
Brig.-Gen. GARFIELD, Chief of Staff:
. . . Report of cannon in direction of Palmyra is now heard. Think the gunboats
are coming up. . .
WM. P. BOONE, Cmdg. Post.
NASHVILLE, April 4, 1863.
Brig. Gen. JAMES A. GARFIELD, Chief of Staff:
The boats fired into at the Iron Pike Shoals were fired at by two 6-pounders
and about 200 rounds of musketry, 60 yards distance.
ROBT. B. MITCHELL, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 208.
Excerpt from the November 25, 1863 Report or LCDR LeRoy Fitch regarding
operations in the Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee rivers, August 23, 1862October 21, 1863, relative to the sack of Palmyra, April 6, 1863:
Page 38 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 5, 1863
As soon as I reached Smithland and had coaled, I received a dispatch from Acting Volunteer Lieutenant Hurd, saying the fleet under convoy had been
attacked by batteries at Palmyra, and that his vessel, the St. Clair, was disabled.
I got underway immediately and moved up, arriving at Palmyra the afternoon
of the 6th of April.NOTE 1
I landed opposite and sent a detachment on shore, in charge of Acting Master
[James] Fitzpatrick, with orders to burn every house in the place, and not to
allow the men under his command to remove or pillage a single article.
The order was carried out fully.
Just after the boats landed several stragglers broke out of their concealments
and ran; he fired on them, killing one and wounding another.
I was opposed to the wanton destruction of property, but in this instance I
deemed it justifiable, for it was one of the worst secession places on the river,
and unarmed transports had been fired into from door and windows of the
houses.
I would here remark that the summary manner in which the people of Palmyra
were dealt with had a very good effect, for I do not think there has been a
steamer molested on the river since.
The [rebel] battery at Palmyra was withdrawn on my approach, and moved up
to Harpeth Shoals, so I followed on up after it, taking with me cavalry and
infantry from Clarksville, to get in the enemy's rear, if possible; but, again the
battery was removed, this time to the interior where it remained.
Navy OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pp. 316-317.
NOTE 1: Most likely this was an error as all other accounts place the event on April 4.
April 5, 1863 - Skirmish at Davis Mill
APRIL 5, 1863.-Skirmish at Davis' Mill, Tenn.
Report of Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger, U. S. Army.
FRANKLIN, TENN., April 5, 1863—10.40 a. m.
GEN.: The rebels attempted to surround a company on picket at Davis' Mill at
daylight this morning. All escaped and have got in except 8. Our men report
the strength of rebels at about 3,000; that they moved on the north. Nothing has
molested Brentwood up to this moment, which leads me to believe that it was
only an expedition sent out to capture the company at Davis' Mill, and get back
to their main body as quickly as possible. At Brentwood and this place all is
ready. Have you any news?
Very respectfully,
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 39
April 5, 1863
G. GRANGER, Maj.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, p. 214.
April 5, 1863 - Confederate attack on Federal force near Woodbury
•See April 4, 1863--Capture of Federal soldiers at Starnes' Mill
April 5, 1863 - Confederate scout Chapel Hill to College Grove
CHAPEL HILL, April 5, 1863—8 p. m.
Lieut.-Gen. POLK, Shelbyville, Tenn.:
GEN.: My scouts have just returned from College Grove. They report that Col.
[J. W. ] Starnes captured a party of the enemy at Starnes' Mill yesterday
evening. The enemy were in line of battle at College Grove nearly all day. Col.
Starnes, who camped there last night, retired this morning. Scouts entered the
town about half an hour after the enemy left, and reported their number
between 300 and 500. No infantry crossed the river.
JOSIAH PATTERSON, Col. Cavalry Regt.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 739.
April 5, 1863 - Impressions of Murfreesboro
There are many fine residences in Murfreesboro and vicinity; but the trees and
shrubbery, which contributed in a great degree to their beauty and comfort,
have been cut or trampled down and destroyed. Many frame houses, and very
good ones, too, have been torn down, and the lumber and timber used in the
construction of hospitals.
There is a fearful stench in many places near here, arising from decaying
horses and mules, which have not been properly buried, or probably not buried
at all. The camps, as a rule, are well policed and kept clean; but the country for
miles around is strewn with dead animals, and the warm weather is beginning
to tell on them.
Beatty, Citizen Soldier, p. 246.
April 5, 1863 - "Our boys are still at work on the fortifications." Excerpts from the letter of
Captain Gershom M. Barber in Murfreesboro to his wife
Headquarters at Batallion O. V. S. S.
Murfreesboro, Tennessee, April 5, 1863
My Dear H L
Page 40 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 5, 1863
It is again Sunday and I embrace the quiet of the evening to write to you. . .
Our living although good enough does not seem like home. We get plenty of
good ham, beef and bread tea and coffee. These staples we can get at Government prices of the Post commissary. But outside of that luxuries are pretty dim.
We bought a couple of white fish at twenty-five cents a pound a dozen eggs at
sixty cents a dozen and everything else in proportion. Ham we get at 8 cents
and flour at $5. Per barrel. On the whole we can live as cheap here as at home
if we can do without the luxuries. Cheese is 50 cents per pound. By the way I
hope you have sent us some Lieut. P. Lieut. S., and orderly Stearns and myself
mess together. Charles Porter does our cooking.
Our boys begin to weary of the camp life and are anxious for a move. I believe
they would like a good fight for a change. Last night there was a heavy skirmish off towards Chattanooga. Results not known. Today 300 rebel soldiers
came in and gave themselves up with their guns and equipment saying they
were starved out. I believe there is great distress and suffering the rebel army,
and deserters tell us there is great hostility to the Confederate Govt. all through
the South.
You might be here with me while we are in camp and stay a while by and by.
Isn't it to bad that matters have to be as they are so that you can't come for a
while. I believe the end would justify the means and I know the old man can
accomplish it if he will. I don't want to be selfish but I want you here occasionally. Other officers have their wives and so can I. There is a fine house within
six rods of my tent of brick and splendidly furnished. We could take rooms
there and live like nobles. Wouldn't it be nice, days you could be in my tent and
nights I could be in yours.
Gen. Rosy was out to see our inspection this evening. . . There is great harmony however in the battalion and things go off all right. Our boys are still at
work on the fortifications. We expect however to get through all we have to do
this week. The big guns begin to loom up all over the works. Already six 94
pound[er] cannons are mounted. We shall have a regular Sebastopol in a few
weeks and when we get it nicely finished we should like to have them attack
us, which they will probably do if Vicksburg should be evacuated.
During the last few days the river both above and below Clarksville has been
attacked only the 2nd shot they disabled one of our gun boats but she got away
from them.
~~~
Barber Correspondence
April 5, 1863 - April 6, 1863 - Scout between Chop Spring and Baird's Mills
Report of Col. Eli Long, Fourth Ohio Cavalry.
HDQRS. FOURTH OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY, Camp Stanley, near
Murfreesborough, April 6, 1863.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 41
April 5, 1863
SIR: Pursuant to instruction from headquarters Second Cavalry Brigade, I have
the honor to report that, on the morning of the 5th instant, I was ordered to
scout the country between Chop Spring, Tenn., and Baird's Mills, Tenn., in a
direction parallel to and at a distance of 2 or 3 miles from the Lebanon and Liberty pike, and to get all animals that would be of service to the United States
Government, and to gather what information I could of the enemy. I found and
brought away 57 horses and 16 mules, and I also found and delivered to the
brigade commander 5 prisoners, one a purveyor of commissary stores, in the
employ of the rebel Government; 1 a rebel prisoner, paroled at Perryville, but
never exchanged, and the other 3 citizens, all under suspicious circumstances. I
could learn nothing of any enemy in force.
Very respectfully,
ELI LONG, Col., Cmdg. Fourth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 32, pt. I, pp. 213-214.
April 5, 1863 - April 6, 1863 - Scout from Grand Junction to Saulsbury
APRIL 5-6, 1863.-Scout from Grand Junction to Saulsbury, Tenn.
Report of Capt. Asa W. McDonald, Seventh Illinois Cavalry.
LAGRANGE, TENN., April 11, 1863.
Agreeably to directions, 50 men from Companies F, M, and H, under my command, proceeded on a scout to the vicinity of Saulsbury, a sergeant and 10 men
of the Sixth Illinois accompanying as guides. We started soon after 3 o'clock,
and proceeded direct to Saulsbury, where we got tidings that a party the
evening previous had passed up the State Line road shortly before sunset. We
proceeded to the place indicated, and had gone but a short distance when I
learned that a party of guerrillas had passed direct down the Ripley road, and
found the information I had received was correct, as 34 guerrillas had passed
about 6 a. m. We followed the trail, and when about 2 miles south from Saulsbury a large mound was discovered, about 2 miles ahead, and when I had
arrived at a short distance from the mound, it being some half a mile to our
right, I discovered something which I took to be a picket, and moved forward
at a brisk pace. I ordered Lieut. Breeze to take Company F, and advance up the
front of the mound and engage them should there be a force there, while I
moved around, endeavoring to get in their rear; but they did not stand to
receive Lieut. Breeze, but retreated immediately, Company F giving them a
few shots, and then charged after them. They deserted their lead mules, having
2, but Company F pushed them so close that 2 of the 3 prisoners (citizens) they
had escaped, and the other they shot dead. I came on the trail at this point, and
pursued them about 2 miles farther, but did not succeed in capturing any, as
they dispersed in squads of twos and threes at short intervals.
Page 42 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 6, 1863
ASA W. McDONALD, Capt. Seventh Illinois Cavalry Regiment, Comdg.
Detachment.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. I, p. 513.
April 5, 1863 - April 7, 1863 - Scout from LaGrange, Tennessee, to Early Grove & Mt.
Pleasant, Mississippi
APRIL 5-7, 1863.-Scout from LaGrange, Tenn., to Early Grove and Mount
Pleasant, Miss.
Report of Capt. William W. Eaton, Second Iowa Cavalry.
LAGRANGE, TENN., April 7, 1863.
SIR: I have the honor to report that, in accordance with orders received at 4.30
p. m. on the 5th instant, from headquarters First Brigade, Cavalry Division,
"for one battalion to proceed immediately southward to Early Grove, thence
westerly toward Mount Pleasant, and return by way of Moscow," I started with
the Third Battalion at 5.30 p. m., and moved southward on the main Holly
Springs road to the point where the Early Grove road leaves it, and thence on
the Early Grove road. I encamped for the night on the plantation of———-,
about 9 miles southwest of LaGrange, and 6 miles northeast from Early Grove.
No information could be gained from any citizen in the neighborhood as to the
position or movements of the enemy.
At 4 a. m. on the 6th, started, and reached Early Grove about daylight; thence
moved southward toward the Lamar and Mount Pleasant road. . .
Fed, got breakfast, and at 9 a. m. started for Mount Pleasant, where we arrived
at 12 m. At 12.30 p. m. started for Moscow; arrived at 3 p. m., seeing or learning nothing more of the enemy. Rested one hour at Moscow, and returned to
camp, arriving about retreat last night. The captures were as follows, viz.,: Five
horses, which were turned over to the regimental quartermaster; two Colt's
revolvers, navy size; one Colt's carbine, and two shot-guns. The guns were
destroyed by the men, and the balance turned over to the regimental adjutant.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WILLIAM W. EATON, Capt. Company L, Second Iowa Cav., Comdg. Third
Battalion.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. I, pp. 513-514.
April 6, 1863 - Expedition, Nashville to Green Hill
•See April 6, 1863--Skirmish near Green Hill
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 43
April 6, 1863
April 6, 1863 - Skirmish near Green Hill
Report of Brig. Gen. Robert B. Mitchell, U. S. Army, commanding at Nashville concerning the Skirmish at Green Hill on April 6, 1863. . .
NASHVILLE, TENN., April 7, 1863.
GEN.: I left here yesterday with about 400 cavalry and mounted infantry, for
the purpose of cleaning out the Stone's River country.
Crossed Stone's River at Stewart's Ferry, traveling in the direction of Lebanon;
12 miles from there struck the Lebanon pike east of Green Hill; surprised the
conscripting camp near Green Hill, commanded by Capt. [William P. ] Bandy,
of the Eighteenth Tennessee; killed 5, captured 15, including Bandy and a lieutenant belonging to Morgan's command. The enemy were not sufficiently concentrated to make the expedition a complete success. I traveled over 50 miles,
and returned last night at 11 o'clock; had 1 man and 2 horses wounded. I also
captured a small rebel mail. I burned a still-house, used as a rendezvous for
rebel recruiting, containing forty casks of different kinds of poison, in the
shape of whisky, high wines, malt liquors, &c.
ROBT. B. MITCHELL, Brig.-Gen., Cmdg. Post.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, p. 215.
April 6, 1863 - Destruction of Confederate wheat and flour and sabotage of flour mill on
Caney Fork
•See April 1, 1863-April 8, 1863-Expedition from Murfreesborough to Lebanon, Carthage, & Liberty
April 6, 1863 - Skirmish at Liberty
No circumstantial reports filed.
April 6, 1863 - Report of Confederate Chief Engineer regarding bridge defenses in East Tennessee
HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF EAST TENNESSEE, Knoxville, April 6, 1863.
Col. B. S. EWELL, Assistant Adjutant-Gen.:
COL.: You will please say to the general commanding, in reply to your communication of the 29th instant, I inclose for his consideration the report of the
chief engineer of this department with reference to bridge defenses, and that
the extent of the works at these places will be reduced as far as practicable, as
they are considered by Gen. Johnston too elaborate and extended.
Page 44 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 6, 1863
The entire command, as you are aware, have been but recently brigaded, and
may be said now to be in transit, and necessarily many changes of position of
detached companies and regiments occur; and as exact numbers at or near the
railroad cannot be given, I will now merely say that the entire infantry force of
this department can be thrown to the railroad in three hours' time, with the
exceptions of those at Big Creek and Cumberland Gaps, and Brig.-Gen. Marshall's. One of his regiments, or one that he claimed, Col. [R. C. ] Trigg's Fiftyfourth Virginia, from Eastern Virginia, has been ordered to this place.
I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. E. JACKSON, Brig.-Gen., Cmdg.
[Inclosure.]
ENGINEER'S OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF EAST TENNESSEE, Knoxville,
April 5, 1863.
Maj. J. G. MARTIN, Assistant Adjutant-Gen.:
MAJ.: In compliance with the suggestions of the letter from Col. B. S. Ewell,
assistant adjutant-general, expressing the opinion of Gen. Johnston that the
works in progress for the defense of the bridges in this department are "too
extensive," I have reduced their extent at Charleston (Hiawassee River) as
much as possible. When completed, the works at this point can be fully
manned by 100 men. Unless both ends of the bridge are attacked at the same
time, 75 men would be ample for the defense. Provision is made for two pieces
of artillery only.
At Loudon (Tennessee River) the stockade at the east end is now nearly complete. At the west end the work, as originally designed, is as contracted as I
think will afford a sufficient defense even against a raid. I would urgently recommend that the works at this point be completed as originally designed. The
bridge is the longest and most costly on the whole line of road. To man the
works fully, 400 men would be required, but unless the attack was made at
both ends of the bridge at the same time, 200 men would be sufficient. A footway is to be prepared through the bridge for communication.
At Strawberry Plains (Holston River) the works at the east end are already far
advanced, and the timber for the entire work is nearly all provided. Owing to
the peculiar construction of this bridge, I do not think the force for its defense
can, with safety, be reduced to less than 300 men. At each end there are a number of small piers, not more than 20 feet high, located on dry land, any one of
which an enemy could climb and fire the bridge. To prevent this, I propose a
small shelter for three or more men on each pier in the interior of the bridgetruss, with a footway communicating through the bridge with the block-houses
at the ends. This bridge, like those at Loudon, Mossy Creek, Carter's Depot,
and Zollicoffer, is one of the form known as "deck bridge," trains running upon
the roof or upper chord instead of the interior or lower chord, as is the case
with all others on this line.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 45
April 6, 1863
At Flat Creek, Mossy Creek, Lick Creek, and Limestone the works are very
small, and are already far advanced. The estimate of force required for these
points was very full, allowing one man for each linear yard in the outline of the
works. The number can undoubtedly be much reduced with safety, as it is very
unlikely, and in most cases impossible, that at any point the works will be
entirely surrounded, and attack made from all directions at the same time.
At Carter's Depot (Watauga River) the works are very nearly completed. For
the same reasons as expressed above, the force at this point can be reduced
with safety to 200 men.
At Zollicoffer (Holston River) the work will consist entirely of blockhouses.
The estimate of force required (300 men) was for fully manning, them, and for
the same reasons as given above the force may be reduced one-half. I would
not, however, recommend that it be done, as it is a point much exposed to cavalry raids.
Very respectfully,
W. F. FOSTER, Capt. and Chief Engineer Department of East Tennessee.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 742-743.
April 6, 1863 - Confederate scouts from Shelbyville to the Harpeth River
CHAPEL HILL, April 6, 1863—4 p. m.
Lieut.-Gen. POLK, Shelbyville, Tenn.:
GEN.: I have just returned from the front, and hear nothing from the enemy of
interest. Three or four hundred of the enemy's cavalry were at Harpeth River
this morning. My scouts report that they picket at the cross-roads, about half a
mile beyond Harpeth. Their grand guard is near this point. Johnson's regiment
of cavalry is camped about a mile still farther back, to the left of the pike as
you go toward Triune, and nearly opposite a brick school-house. There is an
encampment of infantry on this side of the town, about a mile from the cavalry;
also an encampment beyond the town. I can give no accurate information in
regard to numbers, but supposed by scouts to be a brigade of infantry.
JOSIAH PATTERSON, Col., Cmdg. Cavalry Regt.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 742.
April 6, 1863 - Letter from Catherine Cooper in Columbia to her sons, James C. and Thomas Cooper, Confederate soldiers
My dear sons,
I take this opportunity to write you a few lines, which will inform you that
myself and your Pa are in usual health; I am now in Columbia and has been
eight days, staying with Alfred who is lying in the hospital here. He is not suffering very severe pain, or very hot fever. He seems cheerful but eats little. Per-
Page 46 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 6, 1863
haps that is best. Your Pa came here today. He saw Caroline yesterday. All is
well with her, and Vony is no worse than when Thomas left home she has not
hemorage since he left home. Pa was there he said she could go from one room
to another and sit up every day. She had a bad spell coffing a while back, when
the weather was wet. Thomas you rely on what I tell you. I heard Thomas was
in the hospital, which almost derainged me. I think sometimes my trials are
greater than I can bear. Still I hope sufficient Grace will be afforded me to fill
my mission on earth, and that I may account all my trials and privations as
nothing when compared with the glory, the blessedness of the life to come.
My dear children, I long to see you, but I try to be patient, and prepaire for all
events, James, Thomas, be assured I will be a mother to your wives and children in your absence. I saw Albert today, his daughter is still sick very little
improvement in her health. He left home last night ate his breakfast at Housers,
and came inhere at eight o'clock. Edward is far from being well, he will hardly
ever be able for duty though he may, since I have been at the hospital there has
4 yankeys died. I think one of our soldiers will die today- and three or four
more federals. There was seven yanks brought here last evening, I suppose
taken near Franklin. The news here today is, (or I should [say] rumor) that Gen
Morgan has made another grand haul on the federals, somewhere on the Luisville road among the spoil is over a million of greenbacks. I hear it is confirmed that Gen. Marshal captured a whole Reg[iment] or Brigade I have
forgot which had the notorious out law Carter of Carter County and all his
bridge burners with him was taken. My dear sons write as often as you can to
your old mother and try to cheer my lonely pathway while I am left at home
none of my children to sit my by hearth, or enliven my dissquetetud. Write
soon and tell me Thomas is well. All the friends other than I named are in usual
health. Having little else to tell you I will close by commending you to God
hopeing by his wise Providence he will guid you in the paths of safety, guarde
you in the hour of danger, shield you in the day of battle, Crown you with victory and peace & grant you a safe passport home, a happy meeting with all the
loved ones of home. And when all shall have finished their course, O may we
meet an undivided family in no member missing in the realms of eternal peace
and love Where our Covenant God shall wipe all tears from their faces, and
there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be
any more pain, Yes, where the God of love & mercy shall be our God forever
and forever.
Your Pa joins with me in sending our love to both, so does Alfred, I add no
more but remain your devoted mother.
Catherine Cooper
Aprile 6th, 1863.
Cooper Letters.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: Mfm 824, reel 4, page 8, folder 22. [Hereinafter Cooper Letters]
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 47
April 7, 1863
April 7, 1863 - Railroad obstructed, Germantown, in reprisal rebel families sent south of
Union lines
•See April 7, 1863--Report on subversive civilian activities in West Tennessee
April 7, 1863 - Capture of Confederates near Snow Hill
•See April 1, 1863-April 8, 1863-Expedition from Murfreesborough to Lebanon, Carthage, & Liberty
April 7, 1863 - Skirmishing, Snow Hill to Liberty
•See April 1, 1863-April 8, 1863-Expedition from Murfreesborough to Lebanon, Carthage, & Liberty
April 7, 1863 - Report on subversive civilian activities in West Tennessee
HDQRS. FIRST DIVISION, SIXTEENTH ARMY CORPS, LaGrange, Tenn.,
April 7, 1863.
Lieut.-Col. BINMORE, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Memphis:
SIR: I have the honor to inclose to you copies of letters captured in Richardson's camp, showing some of the schemes resorted to by those permitted to
trade at Memphis and other points. I am keeping a black list, upon which all
such individuals are registered.
Very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
WM. SOOY SMITH.
[Inclosure No. 1.]
RALEIGH, December 4, 1862.
Col. RICHARDSON:
DEAR SIR: We have daily application by deserters from the Federal camp at
Memphis for paroles, and if we had any authority to do so, we could, through
some friends at Memphis, induce hundreds to come to us. There is a great dissatisfaction in their camps, especially with the late levies, and by proper management they could be drawn off in large numbers. They come out, but are
afraid to travel far in the country till they are paroled, for designing persons
have told them that they would be captured by rebels and put in the Southern
army, and their clothing taken. Two were sent to us on yesterday, who were
anxious to be paroled, and we sent them in the direction of your camp. They
Page 48 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 7, 1863
said there were 50 men in their regiment who would escape if they were not
afraid of our men harming them. We told them not to fear. We have an arrangement already in Memphis whereby we can induce many to come to us if we are
authorized to parole them. We can procure from them a large number of sidearms at reduced prices, and we will let your men have them at cost. We can
have them bring with them the best of arms, and thus weaken their stock of
arms as well as men. We therefore ask you to authorize J. M. Coleman and
myself to parole such as come, and we think we can in this manner contribute
largely in reducing the strength of the enemy at Memphis, and also help to arm
your regiment. If you approve our suggestion, we wish you to send us blanks
printed for us all. Please answer us by the first one who comes from your regiment. We wish our names not known in the matter, because such would subject
us to the baser outrages of the Federals, and we can at the same time conduct
the matter so it will not be discovered. You can likewise keep the same with
yourself, alone.
Hoping to hear from you soon, we remain, your friends,
W. D. L. STEWART, J. M. COLEMAN.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. III, pp. 176-177.
[Inclosure No. 2.]
NEAR SOMERVILLE, TENN., January 29, 1863.
Col. RICHARDSON:
On my way home I sold one of my black horses to Mr. Broadenax, near Belmont. He belongs to Jackson's cavalry, and if Maj. Buery will show him the
other, he will buy him also. I have contributed $25 toward buying Mr. Sharpe a
horse for the service, and hope it will be all right with you. I shall start to Memphis to-day, and would be off before this, only I found my child very sick. I
understand Grant has gone down the river, and that he left some 2,500 troops at
Memphis in a disorganized state that he could not make go with him. You shall
hear from me as soon as I return.
Respectfully, yours, &c.,
T. G. NEWBILL.
[Inclosure No. 3.]
FEBRUARY 1, 1863.
Col. RICHARDSON:
When I was at your camp I understood you to say that you had orders to break
up the entire trade with Memphis; consequently I now write to you upon a subject that interests a good many good citizens of this section. Since seeing you,
one of Col. [R. F. ] Looney's aides obtained from him permission for me to take
five loads of cotton to Memphis, and Mr. George Hood, by a similar permit,
has just returned from taking some down. Now, I wish to [know] if your orders
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 49
April 7, 1863
and Col. Looney's are liable to conflict, or if I would be molested by soldiers
belonging to your command, or not. My view about the one article of cotton is
this, that most all of the people have sold all their cotton, while others equally
as deserving of these privileges have not sold any, and that it would fall heavy
on them now to have their cotton destroyed, and that it must be disposed of in
one of these ways; that is, to hunt it up a burn it, let the people sell it, or wait
till the Yankees come and take it for nothing. I don't think Gen. Pemberton
fully understood the situation of the people here or he would not have given
such orders.
I, myself, never thought of selling a bale of cotton until the Yankees got south
of us, and I saw persons making money out of it that cared nothing for the
South and gave themselves no trouble to accommodate Southern citizens or
soldiers except at large profits.
My situation was this: I had lost all my property in Missouri. I have eight children there with my mother, by my first wife, who have been made destitute by
the war. I had my wife and one child with me, and but $13 in my pocket, so it is
not to be wondered at if I wanted to make something for their support, and
while I have been taking cotton to market and selling it for both citizens and
soldiers, I have been working out contraband articles of every kind for them
and letting them go at Memphis prices. I will name some of the articles: Salt,
domestics, soldier clothing, dress goods, cavalry boots, saddles, and horses,
military buttons, gold lace, revolvers, caps and cartridges, medicines, &c. I
have been spoken to how to bring out over a dozen revolvers and cavalry
boots, hats, &c., and shall take my wife and several others down with the in
doing so.
Mr. Pierce, Mr. McFadden, Mr. Yancey, and several others belonging to your
command want me to take their cotton; also several ladies, whose husbands are
south, in the army, and they need the money and several other things that they
may want me to bring out; but I have nothing to lose, and don't want to get into
trouble is the reason I write to you, and also thinking that possibly you and Col.
Looney had decided any points about other things, and being of that opinion, I
will make a proposition, and that is this: For every bale of cotton I am permitted to take to market, I will contribute to you $10 in Tennessee money, for the
benefit of your soldiers, to be used as you may think proper, which, after paying $20 per bale for hauling, will not leave a very large margin for profits. At
the same time I will ever be ready to serve you or your cause in any way that I
can half-way consistent with my safety. I do not make this proposition to
induce you to deviate from what you may conceive to be your duty, but thinking it might redound to the benefit of all concerned.
When I got home from your camp, I found my child sick with croup. Getting
out also came very near laying me up, for my constitution has been had ever
since I had congestive chills, in 1852, and I am fearful I have delayed going to
Memphis so long that the revolvers and powder I spoke for may be disposed
of; but I will learn in a few days. Please write to me by bearer, if you think it
Page 50 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 7, 1863
right and proper, also indorse [inclose?] me a pass to Memphis for myself and
wagons, and I will come and see you upon my return.
Respectfully, yours, &c.,
T. G. NEWBILL.
N. B. -Strictly confidential.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. III, pp. 177-178.
[Inclosure No. 4.]
FEBRUARY 4, 1863.
Col. RICHARDSON:
On my way home I sold one of my black horses to Mr. Broadenax, who bought
him for his son, who was a soldier, and, I believe, belongs to Jackson's cavalry.
I then gave Mr. Sharpe $25 toward buying him a horse, and wrote you a few
lines by him, and inclosed your receipt for the horses. He will be there, possibly, by the time you get this. I hope, as a Southern soldier, even true, you will
be satisfied with what I have done. In regard to bringing out ammunition and
pistols, caps, &c., I can only say this: If any Southern man can get them in
Memphis, I can, and if I can get anything that your men want I will do so, and
you can have them at cost; but by having several teamsters with me, I will be
materially aided in doing so. I fear no damage, except some Union Scoundrels
should find out what I am and have been doing, and go to Memphis and inform
the Yankees. Everything you say or do with me shall be between us, and I hope
to become better acquainted with you.
Yours, &c.,
T. G. NEWBILL.
HDQRS. FIRST DIVISION, LaGrange, Tenn. April 7, 1863.
Lieut. Col. HENRY BINMORE, Asst. Adjt. Gen.:
COL.: Following the example of Maj.-Gen. Hurlbut in the matter of removing
beyond our lines disloyal families for offenses, I have caused the accompanying letter to Col. W. W. Sanford, commanding Fourth Brigade, to be written. If
it meets with the approval of the general commanding the Sixteenth Army
Corps, I will see that the directions contained therein shall be promptly executed. I inclose also the letter from Col. Sanford, which called it forth.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. SOOY SMITH.
[Inclosures.]
HDQRS. FOURTH Brig., FIRST DIV., SIXTEENTH A. C., Germantown,
Tenn., April 7, 1863.
Capt. H. ATKINSON, Assistant Adjutant-Gen.:
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 51
April 7, 1863
SIR: I have the honor to report that on the night of the 5th instant, a company
sent out from Buntyn Station to patrol the road west of that place, discovered
some obstruction placed on the railroad in two different places, composed of
cross-ties and rails. They were sufficient to have thrown a train from the track.
They were removed and a vigilant watch kept during the night, but the perpetrators were not discovered nor the object of these obstructions determined. I
have caused a patrol of 20 men, under charge of an officer, to be sent out from
each station every night, with instructions the road all night and keep a vigilant
watch.
I have the honor to be, very truly, your obedient servant,
W. W. SANFORD, Col., Cmdg. Fourth Brigade.
HDQRS. FIRST DIVISION, SIXTEENTH ARMY CORPS, LaGrange, Tenn.,
April 7, 1863.
Col. W. W. SANFORD, Comdg. Fourth Brigade, Germantown:
COL.: In answer to your communication of this date, in reference to obstructions having been placed at two different points on the railroad on the night of
the 5th instant, the general commanding the division directs that you notify the
six rebel families who live nearest the scenes of this outrage that they remove
south of our lines within ten days, not to return during the war. You will see
that this order is enforced. The most undoubted proofs of loyalty will be
required when any doubts exist as to the proper subjects of this order.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
HOFFMAN ATKINSON, Assistant Adjutant-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. III, pp. 178-180.
April 7, 1863 - April 11, 1863 - Wheeler's raid on Louisville and Nashville and Nashville and
Chattanooga Railroads, including affair (April 10) at Antioch Station,
Tenn.
REPORTS.
No. 1.—Brig. Gen. Eleazer A. Paine, U. S. Army, of raid on Louisville and
Nashville Railroad.
No. 2.—Col. George P. Este, Fourteenth Ohio Infantry, of affair at Antioch Station, Tenn.
No. 3.—Lieut. Col. Christopher J. Dickerson, Tenth Michigan Infantry, of
affair at Antioch Station, Tenn.
No. 4.—Gen. Braxton Bragg, C. S. Army.
No. 5.—Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler, C. S. Army, commanding cavalry.
No. 6.—Brig. Gen. John A. Wharton, C. S. Army.
No. 1.
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 7, 1863
Report of Brig. Gen. Eleazer A. Paine, U. S. Army, of raid on Louisville and
Nashville Railroad.
GALLATIN, April 11, 1863.
GEN.: I will have 1,000 men at Lebanon to-morrow morning at daylight. The
attack on the train was made at 4 o'clock p. m. yesterday, with three pieces of
artillery, I think Parrott guns. The battery was across Cumberland River, about
700 yards from the railroad track. The first shot knocked off the dome of the
locomotive, the next went through the boiler, one shot broke out a spoke in one
of the driving-wheels. Two men very dangerously wounded. Thirty-five shots
were fired, and nearly all of them struck the train. Some of the men ran up the
track and stopped the passenger trains. After the rebels left, the three trains ran
into Nashville about midnight.
E. A. PAINE, Brig.-Gen.
Brig. Gen. JAMES A. GARFIELD, Chief of Staff.
No. 2.
Report of Col. George P. Este, Fourteenth Ohio Infantry, of affair at Antioch
Station, Tenn., HDQRS. 2d BRIGADE, 3d DIVISION, 14TH ARMY CORPS,
La Vergne, April 12, 1863.
COL.: I have the honor to report the following relative to the attack upon the
Nashville and Murfreesborough passenger train, upon the 10th ultimo
[instant]: The train was attacked 5 1/2 miles from La Vergne, toward Nashville,
about 4.30 p. m., by a force of between 200 and 300 rebels, besides a supporting force of about 200 held in reserve, and one threatening the stockade at Mill
Creek, in all about 600, under the command of either Gen. Wharton or Col.
[Baxter] smith, of the Tennessee cavalry. The resistance by the train guard was
of a fable character, owing, doubtless, to the suddenness of the attack and the
fatal effects of the rebel fire. The guard soon fled, and the rebels took possession of the train, capturing most of the passengers, releasing some 43 prisoners,
plundering the mail and express packages, and robbing the passengers of
money, watches, clothing, boots and hats, and setting fire to and destroying
seven cars. They accomplished all this in less than twenty minutes and retired
with their prisoners and booty, reaching and crossing Williams’ Ford, 10 miles
from La Vergne, some time before dark.
At a point some 2 miles beyond the river they paroled the prisoners, about 70
in number, excepting Col. Wood, Fifteenth Indiana Volunteers, Col. Buell,
Fifty-eight Indiana Volunteers, Maj. Cupp, First Ohio Cavalry, Capt. Milburn
and Capt. Bevill, Tenth Kentucky Volunteers, and 7 other officers, who refused
to accept a parole. Taking these officers with them, the rebels moved in the
direction of Baird's Mills, upon the Lebanon and Murfreesborough pike,
intending to reach there before daylight.
The loss of the Federals was 6 killed and 13 wounded, 3 mortally. The rebels
lost 6 killed, 6 wounded, and 3 prisoners.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 53
April 7, 1863
I did not hear of the attack upon the train until nearly 6 o'clock, when I immediately ordered out all the cavalry here (about 100) and ten companies of infantry. The cavalry I sent down the pike to intercept, if possible, the rebel retreat,
while I placed the infantry upon a train of cars, to be immediately moved to the
scene of action. Both cavalry and infantry arrived too late to do any good, the
rebels having too far the start.
I need not assure you of my vexation at this successful raid. Prior to its occurrence I had received, as I thought, the most satisfactory evidence from scouts,
citizens, and contrabands that no rebels were in the vicinity in any considerable
force. During the week I had scoured both sides of Stone's River myself, with
the cavalry, without being able either to see or hear of any rebel force. The successful expeditions of Col. Wilder and Gen. Mitchell had caused me to believe
that there were no rebel cavalry to the south of Lebanon or west of Liberty.
Upon the day of the attack my patrols had failed to discover any signs of the
rebel forces. I have since learned that they left Lebanon the morning of the day
they did attack, and only reached the place of disaster ten minutes before the
train arrived. From all the evidence, I am led to believe that they neither placed
any obstructions upon the track nor displaced any rails prior to the attack, but
that the tender and cars were thrown off the track by the too sudden reversal of
the engine for the purpose of running back.
I am now sending upon each day, as far as Antioch, a full regiment of infantry
in the freight train in rear of the passenger train going to Nashville. I have two
lines of cavalry patrols, extending from La Vergne down 7 miles, but, in order
to be better able to guard against such disasters, I ought to have more cavalry
or mounted men. I would, therefore, respectfully suggest the concentration of
the regiment of cavalry now divided between Stewart's Creek and La Vergne at
this point. Each detachment is too weak to do much by itself, whilst, if
together, it might effect much good.
I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. P. ESTE, Col., Cmdg.
[Lieut. Col. GEORGE E. FLYNT, A. A. G., and Chief of Staff.]
[Indorsement.]
HDQRS. 14TH ARMY CORPS, DEPT. OF THE CUMBERLAND, Murfreesborough, April 13, 1863.
Respectfully forwarded. The suggestion for concentration of cavalry at La
Vergne is approved and recommended.
GEO. H. THOMAS, Maj.-Gen. U. S. Volunteers, Cmdg.
~~~
No. 3.
Report of Lieut. Col. Christopher J. Dickerson, Tenth Michigan Infantry, of
affair at Antioch Station, Tenn.
Page 54 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 7, 1863
HDQRS. TENTH Regt. MICHIGAN VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, Nashville,
April 13, 1863.
COL.: On the 10th instant, 40 privates and 4 non-commissioned and 2 commissioned officers were detailed from this regiment to guard a train on the
Nashville and Chattanooga railroad, from this city to Murfreesborough and
return. About 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the train, while on its return trip, 4
miles this side of La Vergne, was suddenly attacked by guerrillas, numbering
from 200 to 300, who were secreted in a dense grove of cedars, completely
covering them from view. Simultaneously with the attack the train was thrown
from the track, in consequence of two of the rails being slightly displaced. The
guards were stationed upon the top of some passenger cars and upon one platform car, and were under the command of Lieut. Frank M. Vanderburgh. The
suffered severely from the first volley fired by the rebels, a number being
killed and wounded. After having discharged their pieces at the guerrillas, they
jumped, as quickly as possible, from the cars upon the ground, on the opposite
side from the point of attack.
Protecting themselves as well as possible by the cars, they held the train for
some minutes, continually firing at the enemy. Being over powered by greatly
superior numbers, they were compelled to give up the train, and, falling back a
short distance, made a stand behind a fence, where they repulsed a party of
rebels who were pursuing them.
Here Lieut. Vanderburgh, who had previously received two wounds, was again
shot and completely disabled. The command of the party then devolved upon
Lieut. H. Walter Nichols, who, seeing there was no possibility of saving the
train, retreated with his men in good order to the first stockade this side of La
Vergne. Here he was re-enforced by about 15 men, who were stationed at the
stockade. He then moved his men back to the point where the train had been
thrown from the track. The rebels had captured the mail and express matter on
board, and had set on fire all the cars, together with the engine and tender. The
fire, however, had done very little damage to the engine, and the same was
saved. Lieut. Nichols gathered up the wounded, who were taken to some
houses near by and made as comfortable as possible under the circumstances.
A surgeon connected with the army, whose name I have been unable to learn,
was on the train at the time of the attack, and rendered very efficient service in
providing for the wounded. Six rebels were found dead near the point of attack,
and a number are known to have been wounded.
The following is a list of casualties to the party detailed from this
regiment:NOTE 1 Considering all the circumstances attending the foregoing
attack upon said train, and the large number killed and wounded, no less than
18 out of 46 officers and men, the conclusion is irresistible that both officers
and men behaved with conspicuous bravery.
Respectfully submitted.
C. J. DICKERSON, Lieut.-Col., Cmdg. Regt.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 55
April 7, 1863
~~~
No. 4. Report of Gen. Braxton Bragg, C. S. Army.
TULLAHOMA, April 13, 1863.
GEN.: Gen. Wheeler reports from Lebanon, 11th instant: I divided my command into two parties, and made a raid upon the Louisville and Nashville and
Nashville and Murfreesborough Railroads, capturing a large train on each, and
many officers and men.
Portions of Wharton's and Morgan's cavalry division composed his command.
BRAXTON BRAGG
No. 5.
Report of Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler, C. S. Army, commanding cavalry.
HDQRS. CAVALRY CORPS, Lebanon, April 11, 1863.
COL.: I have the honor to state that on approaching Liberty the enemy, consisting of Wilder's and Matthews' infantry brigades and Gen. Stanley's cavalry
division, retreated with great rapidity, no doubt having exaggerated reports
regarding our strength. About 700 men, under Col. [Basil W. ] Duke, were then
at Smithville, and the remainder of Gen. [J. H. ] Morgan's command were at
Rock Island, between McMinnville and Sparta.
On the 7th, I ordered Gen. Morgan to send up the force from Rock Island and
move it forward to Liberty, unless the enemy prevented, in which case he was
directed to turn Liberty, and thus outflank that position.
I encamped at Alexandria on the evening of the 8th, with Gen. [J. A. ] Wharton's division (about 1,900 strong), the remainder being with Gen.'s [W. T. ]
Martin and [G. J. ] Pillow, and the next morning moved on Lebanon, where I
was overtaken by Col. Duke, with 600 men, 100 having been left, by my order,
to defend Snow Hill. I determined to move with this force and attack the Louisville and Nashville Railroad and the Nashville and Murfreesborough Railroad. I here sent two companies to Auburn and a small scout to Black's shop, 7
miles from Murfreesborough, to guard the approaches from that point, and proceeded on to the Hermitage, detaching 500 picked men, under Lieut. Col. [S.
C. ] Ferrill, with orders to cross Stone's River, attack the railroad trains, and do
any other good in his power, and return to Lebanon; and leaving Col. Duke,
with his command, to picket and defend the approaches near the Hermitage, I
proceeded with the remainder of the command to a long, narrow bend to a
point about 9 miles a little east of north from Nashville, where the railroad runs
down to the river bank. We here placed our guns in position between two
stockades, each of which was sufficiently near to be in view and within hearing. We fortunately, by the strictest silence and by creeping up to the bank, got
our guns in position without being observed, and, after waiting two hours, a
very large locomotive came in view, drawing eighteen cars loaded with horses
and other stock. The first three shots broke open the boiler and stopped the
Page 56 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 7, 1863
train, and a few volleys from a dismounted regiment drove off the guard, who
made but feeble resistance, wounding but 1 of my men. Finding that we could
not cross the river, we brought our guns to bear upon the locomotive, and shot
through it several times. We also shot the horses in the cars, and retired.
The party under Lieut.-Col. Ferrill attacked a train of cars loaded with soldiers
near Antioch. Col. Ferrill fired several volleys in crowded cars at distances
varying from 10 to 50 yards. He thinks he killed not less than 100 men and
wounded a large number. We took about 70 prisoners, including 20 officers,
among whom are 2 colonels, 1 major, and 3 of Gen. Rosecrans' staff officers.
Col. Ferrill paroled the enlisted men, 1 captain, and 7 lieutenants. We brought
off the other officers, and about $30,000 in greenbacks, together with a large
mail. We also retook 40 of our soldiers, who were on their way to Camp Chase.
Col. Ferrill destroyed the train, and broke up the road and telegraph. Our loss 1
man wounded.
With great respect, colonel, your obedient servant,
JOS. WHEELER, Maj.-Gen.
~~~
P. S. —I think that Col. Ferrill's estimate of the dead may be somewhat exaggerated. Perfectly reliable officers state that they saw over 30 dead Yankees,
and state that they saw only a portion of those that were killed.
No. 6.
Report of Brig. Gen. John A. Wharton, C. S. Army.
HDQRS. WHARTON'S CAVALRY DIVISION, Lebanon, April 12, 1863.
GEN.: After being relieved on outpost duty at Unionville, my command passed
through Shelbyville on the 4th, 5th, and 6th of April, arriving at McMinnville,
or rather at a point 8 or 9 miles in advance of that place, on the Woodbury pike,
the second day after, without anything to disturb the quiet of the march but a
few groundless alarms, soon ascertained to be such.
On the 8th, the command was at and near Blew's, 3 miles from Mechanicsville,
on the Liberty road, where, hearing of 10,000 strong of the Federals at Liberty,
it was determined to cross the Liberty and Murfreesborough road 5 or 6 miles
this side of Liberty while sending a force to develop the Federal strength there.
However, before reaching the turning off point, it was ascertained that the Yankees had evacuated Liberty, and the line passed through that place, and camped
near Alexandria that night.
On the 9th, after an easy march, the command encamped near Lebanon, with
plenty of forage, to rest the horses and recover from the fatigue of the hard
march of the day before.
The morning of the 10th found the whole command in saddle, and on the
march at 3 o'clock.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 57
April 7, 1863
Detachments from the various regiments of my brigade, to the number of about
500 men, reported to Lieut.-Col. Ferrill, of the Texas Rangers, for special service, and with this force he started in the advance. The rest of the brigade followed, and on reaching the Hermitage, 18 miles from Lebanon, turned off to
the right 6 miles, to the river, where, in a large bend, the Nashville and Louisville Railroad runs along the edge of the bluff on the opposite side, in plain
sight, and only 250 or 300 yards distant. A force being left at the turning off
point to guard the wagons, which had come along for safety, and the
approaches to the river in our rear, the artillery was posted on the bank, after a
reconnaissance by Gen. Wheeler and myself, just back of the edge, at the bluff
on this side, and out of sight of sentinels on the other, supported by several regiments dismounted, while the remainder was held in reserve half a mile off.
On the approach of the train, the guns were run up to the brink of the bank, and
at the second shot from them the steam-pipe was cut, the steam escaped, and
the train was slowly stopped.
After much firing on our side, a little from the other, much fuss among the
horses, with which the train was mainly freighted, and the scampering off of
the few hands left on the train, although the cars were not thrown from the
track, as desired, the command was drawn off.
It was 2 o'clock at night before the rear guard encamped, within 5 miles of
Lebanon, through which they passed on the morning of the 11th, sitting down
again in the neighborhood to picket to advantage and recruit the horses after
their march of over 50 miles in one day.
This morning (the 12th) dispatches are received converging the result of Col.
Ferrill's raid on the Murfreesborough and Nashville Railroad. Coming to the
road near Antioch Station, Mill Creek, he spread the track and placed his men
in ambush. The train approached at full speed, the tops of the cars crowded
with soldiers.
Fire was opened upon them, and soon the last one struck the ground, the train
ran off, a heavy fire was directed against the confused mass struggling for life
and extrication, and in a few moments, with a charge, the train was ours.
Eleven officers were brought prisoners here, and some others, with 150 men,
were paroled, while 75 or 80 were killed or wounded. Fifty or sixty of our own
men, captured near Liberty, were retaken, and much express and mail matter
brought away. I send you the mail bag, the only one brought away, thinking
you may find something of interest in it; also some late papers.
After getting through with the mail, you will please forward it to the editor of
the Chattanooga Rebel, with my compliments. I will communicate with you
from time to time as anything of interest occurs.
With great respect, general, your obedient servant,
JNO. A. WHARTON, Brig.-Gen.
Lieut. Gen. LEONIDAS POLK, Cmdg. Polk's Corps.
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 7, 1863
P. S. —A large amount of greenbacks were captured.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 215-221.NOTE 2
NOTE 1: Nominal list, omitted, shows 6 men killed and 12 wounded.
NOTE 2: See also: OR, Ser. I, Vol. 30; pt. IV, pp. 2, 3.
No circumstantial reports filed.
Excerpt from General Henry W. Halleck's report on the operations in the
Departments of the Ohio and of the Cumberland, February 3-July 26, 1863:
On the 10th of April, a guerrilla force attacked a train near La Vergne, guarded
by 40 men. The cars were destroyed, and nearly half of the guard killed and
wounded. At the same time Van Dorn, with a large mounted force, attacked
Franklin, but was repulsed by Maj.-Gen. Granger, with a loss of 19 killed, 35
wounded left on the field, and 48 prisoners.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, p. 7.
NOTE 1:
Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee refers to this as a skirmish.
The Murfreesboro train was due here at about 4 o'clock.At 8 all was right, and
the usual preparation were made for the reception of passengers and freight.
The train not arriving, however, the telegraph was put in operation, when it
was discovered that the wires were down. Between six and seven o'clock a
messenger arrived in town with the news that the train had been captured; and
still later, news came in that the train was attacked at or near Antioch, ten miles
from Nashville, and about five mikes this side of La Vergne, by from 150 to
200 Confederate cavalry, who had torn up a portion of the track, so as to stoop
the train. The entire train, we believe, was destroyed, and a large part of the
guard and passengers were captured. One Federal Lieutenant was probably
killed, and six or seven wounded. We also hear that two Confederate Colonels,
coming up on the train as prisoners, were wounded by the firing into the train.
These two Colonels are said to have been captured on last Sunday, below Murfreesboro.
Nashville Dispatch, April 11, 1863.
A Train Destroyed - Yesterday a train on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad on its way to this place, was attacked, captured and destroyed by a party
of rebel guerillas, about three miles this side of La Vergne. There were about
forty soldiers on the train, of whom it is reported a number were killed. Of the
remainder a portion were taken prisoners and others escaped. The wounded
were left behind; the guerilla departed in great hast after destroying the train.
They had previously cut the telegraph wires to prevent communication
between the federal posts along the line of the road.
Nashville Union, April 11, 1863.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 59
April 7, 1863
A young gentleman of this city who was on the Murfreesboro train captured
Friday afternoon, returned to the city yesterday He states that the train was captured about one mile beyond Antioch. When the Rebels fired on the train, the
guard, thinking it was but a small squad, returned the fire, killing two of the
Rebels. The guards then discovering that the force was very large, attempted to
escape. In flight a concentrated fire from the Rebels killed nearly all of them,
about twenty in number. Upon the stoppage of the train the cars were cleared of
soldiers and citizens, who were marched to a point about half a mile distant,
where they were halted until the cars were burned. Our informant says haste
was a prominent feature in all the movements of the Rebels. Before the passengers had been removed from the train, the Rebels took charge of the safe
belonging to the Adams Express Company, which they forcibly opened and
took therefrom a considerable amount of money, supposed to have been sent
by soldiers to their families at home.
Nashville Dispatch, April 12, 1863.
April 7, 1863 - May 13, 1863 - Arrest and release of Fannie Battle and Harriet Booker as
Confederate spies
The case of Ms. Fannie BattleNOTE 1 and Ms. Harriet Booker is unique in Tennessee Civil War history. The two young rebel women were arrested for spying, sent north to Camp Chase, a prisoner of war camp in Columbus, Ohio, and
through the efforts of Colonel Joseph Battle [20th Tennessee], Confederate
Governor of Tennessee Isham G. Harris, James Seddon, Confederate States
Secretary of State, Robert Ould, Confederate Agent for the Exchange of Prisoners, and Officials of the Federal government, the two Confederate women
were released and sent home. The following correspondence indicates the
effort that was made on behalf of these two ardent Confederate women:
OFFICE SPECIAL COMMISSIONER, Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, April
23, 1863.
Maj. L. C. TURNER, Judge—Advocate:
As to Miss Fannie Battle, aged nineteen years, of Davidson County, Tenn.,
arrested on the 7th day of April, A. D. 1863, by order of Col. Truesdail, chief
of police at Nashville, and brought to Camp Chase on the 15th day of April,
1863, charged with being a spy, with smuggling goods and with getting a
forged pass, I have the honor to report that the prisoners denies the all allegation of having been a spy but admits that she is a rebel and she had a forged
pass. She further denies that she smuggling goods at the time she was arrested.
There can be no doubt from the manner of the prisoner in replying to inquiries
that she has been engaged in smuggling. The prisoner is affable and attractive
and well qualified by a manners and mind to be influential for evil to the loyal
cause. She is a daughter of the rebel Gen. Battle. I recommend that she be
exchanged and sent beyond our lines as soon as it may be convenient to our
Government.
Page 60 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 7, 1863
Respectfully,
SAML. GALLOWAY, Special Commissioner.
OFFICE SPECIAL COMMISSIONER,
Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, April 23, 1863.
Maj. L. C. TURNER, Judge—Advocate:
As to Miss Harriet Booker, aged twenty-four years, of Davidson County,
Tenn., arrested on the 7th day of April, A. D. 1863, by order of Col. Truesdail,
Chief of police at Nashville, and brought to Camp Chase on the 15th day of
April, 1863, charged with being a rebel, a spy, with forging a pass and altering
the same and with smuggling goods through the lines and conveying letters
and information to the enemy, I have the honor to report that the prisoners
denies the charge of smuggling, of being a spy or conveying letters to the
enemy, but admits herself to be a rebel and to have altered a forged pass, knowing the same to have been forged for the purpose of being fraudulently used.
The prisoners is less intelligent than Miss Battle and more ingenuous. She has
been obviously under the control of Miss Battle. There can be no doubt as to
her active and cordial co—operation in the acts of Miss Battle. If she could be
removed from the influence of [that] designing woman she would be harmless.
I recommend that she be exchanged and sent beyond our lines, and if convenient and practicable that she be separated from the companionship of Miss
Battle.
Respectfully,
SAML. GALLOWAY, Special Commissioner.
OR, Ser. II, Vol. 5, pp. 514-515.
NOTE 1: Fannie's mother, Mrs. Dolly Battle and her sister, Ms. Sallie Battle would
also be arrested in March 1865 on charges of spying. See below, March 7,
1865.
EXECUTIVE OFFICE, Tullahoma, Tenn., May 4, 1863.
Hon. JAMES A. SEDDON.
SIR: I send you herewith a note which I have just received from Col. Joel A.
Battle upon the subject of the arrest and imprisonment at Camp Chase of his
daughter Miss Fannie Battle and Miss Booker. They are refined and very
excellent young ladies belonging to the best families in the county, and were
arrested alone upon the ground of their strong and openly avowed sympathies
with the Confederate cause. Miss Battle has had two brothers killed in battle
and her father dangerously wounded at the head of his regiment (the Twentieth
Tennessee) at the battle of Shiloh. Gen. Bragg tells me that he can do nothing
here in the premises and advises me to address you upon the subject. I trust that
the peculiar character of this case will be held to justify the most speedy and
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 61
April 7, 1863
decided action. If these ladies are not liberated is it not legitimate to retaliate by
placing in close confinement a number of Federal officers?
Very respectfully,
ISHAM G. HARRIS.
[First indorsement.]
Mr. S.
Answer Governor Harris and inform him of what I have done.
J. A. SEDDON.
[Second indorsement.]
MAY 11, 1863.
Mr. OULD:
Another shameful outrage of the enemy in spite of their promise to cease such
arrests. Do all you can to procure the release of these ladies.
J. A. SEDDON, Secretary.
[Third indorsement.]
OFFICE EXCHANGE OF PRISONERS,
Richmond, May 19, 1863.
Respectfully returned to Hon. James A. Seddon, Secretary of War. Miss Battle
and Miss Booker were delivered at City Point, Va., May 13, 1863, via flag-oftruce boat.
RO. OULD, Agent of Exchange.
[Inclosure.]
WINCHESTER, TENN., May 4, 1863.
Hon. I. G. HARRIS.
DEAR SIR: A rumor reached me some days since that one of my daughters,
Fannie, has been arrested by the Federal authorities and would probably be
sent to a Northern prison. Yesterday I learned for the first time that the report
was certainly true and that she was confined closely at Camp Chase in a room
adjoining a hospital. Another young lady, Miss Harriet Booker, a daughter of
one of our friends in my neighborhood, was arrested at the same time and is
confined with my daughter. I have no personal acquaintance with either Gen.
Johnston or Gen. Bragg and I would take it as a very great kindness in you if
you will see them and know if anything can be done by which my daughter and
Miss Booker can be exchanged or the Federals induces to give them up. I am
not advised as to whether we have any ladies prisoners in the South, but if their
newspaper accounts are true there are some in our lines who ought to be if they
persist in their policy of incarcerating our women and burning our houses. A
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 8, 1863
copy of the Nashville Union now before me of a late gives an account of the
cordial reception of Federal prisoners by the ladies of Shelbyville. For a less
offense my daughter is to be closely confined in a loathsome Northern prison.
Will you do me the favor of attending to the foregoing request at your earliest
convenience and write me at this place?
Respectfully, your friend,
JOEL A. BATTLE
OR, Ser. II, Vol. 5, pp. 943-944.
April 8, 1863 - "I want you to buy land or land certificates or a young Negro;" Jesse P. Bates
to his wife in Hickman County
Camp Near Shelbyville, Tenn.
April the 8th, 1863.
Dear and beloved companion, I take the present opportunity of writing you a
few lines to let you know that I am well at this time hoping that when you get
this you may be enjoying the same blessing of health. I received yours of the
21st of Dec. and have answered it by mail and Mr. Weatherby is discharged
and it going to Clarksville and I send this by him. The neighbor boys are all
well that is present. There is no news from those absent. Baird and Beverly as
well when I last heard from them. I have wrote it to you before but for fear you
do not get, I will write it again. Father was up her about one month ago. The
folks was all well. John McCaleb is certainly dead as they brought his body
home. All the boys from Hickman that is here in the army are well as far as I
know. I have not heard from your mother for some time and then not direct. I
have wrote to you to try and buy some stock that would grow and you said it
was a hard matter to buy mares or any other stock and if you cannot buy stock,
I want you to buy land or land certificates or a young negro. I suppose that land
certificates can be bought at fifty cents per acres from the state. If you can buy
a good piece of timbered land any where near to home so that it will be in reach
of home to haul timber and if you can find any good place any where that you
can get a fare price and a good title, but it for it will not pay to keep money
lying up to no purpose. I would rather you would buy a fine mare than anything
else, but if you can not get one or more, buy land and land certificates and I
want you to be careful about getting frauds put upon you. If you get any certificates, try to have them located by some good responsible man.
I will send you some more money as soon as I draw and have a chance to send
it to you. I am very anxious to hear from you for your last letter was so old
before it came to me. I am sorry that you are out of paper and cannot write to
me on account of the want of paper. I will send you a sheet in each letter that I
send to you. I have nothing more of importance to write to you at present. Give
my respects all enquiring friends. I send you my strongest affections. Tell
Frank and Sarah to be good children and pa will come as soon as he can. Put
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 63
April 8, 1863
your trust in our God and pray for peace and our return home. May God bless
you and keep you from harm. So farewell for the present. So I remain you
affectionate husband and companion until death.
Jesse P. Bates
Bates Collection
April 8, 1863 - "Mrs. Smith is a very talkative woman and a regular rebel. I have lots of fun
with her." Frank M. Guernsey's letter to Fannie
HEADQUARTERS, DISTRICT OF MEMPHIS
16th Division, of the Department of the Tennessee,
Memphis, April 8, 1863
[Dear Fannie,]
You need not be alarmed at the style of the heading of this sheet for there is
nothing very serious intended. This is the only kind of paper the Adjutants
office furnishes at present.
I received your letter day before yesterday and to use a southern phrase was
mighty glad to hear from you. I had been waiting patiently for a long time and
was finally rewarded with success. I am taking things very easy at present. I
have recovered almost entirely from my sickness but am somewhat weak. I
have not yet reported for duty and do not intend to for the present. I am going
to wait until I get my strength and get fully recruited up. I am having a fine
time. I go down Town when I please and stay as long as I have a mind to. The
Col. places no restraint upon me what ever. I am boarding with a family by the
name of Smith who live near our camp. They are very fine people but like all
other southerners are more or less tinctured with secessionism. Mrs. Smith is a
very talkative woman and a regular rebel. I have lots of fun with her. She is so
plain and candid that it is hard to take offence at any thing she says. She
appears to be very sincere in her belief that the Rebels are right and that we are
wrong.
We are encamped in one of the most beautiful places you ever saw. There is a
small ravine running through the center of our camp, the banks on either side
sloping gently down to the little stream. On one side of the ravine is pitched in
exact order the tents of the Regiment, on the other the tents of the Regimental
and company officers. There is quite a heavy growth of trees on the camp
ground which are just leaving out. In a week or two our grounds will be splendid. The leaves will be out and we lazy soldiers will be abundantly protected
from the scorching rays of a southern sun.
I think Fanny that it would be almost impossibility for me to get a furlough.
Genl. Grant has issued an order prohibiting the granting of furloughs except in
extreme cases, and we are in his department, so the order includes us of course.
Perhaps I shall be able to get away on detached service. We are expecting a pay
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 8, 1863
day now very soon and there is two Captains who want me to go home and
take the money for their companies.
Most of the men in our Regiment have alotted their money to their families. I
shall know in a few days whether I can go or not. I would not accept of a discharge now unless my health was poor. No Fanny I enlisted for the war and
have staked my all on the issue, and although I have such dear ties at home to
call me there, yet I think I owe my country a deeper debt of gratitude and I
have resolved to stand or fall with her. I don't want to leave the service until the
stars and stripes float over every foot of secessia in triumph. I should like to
have seen you very much when I was sick and should not if it were possible,
but I have learned patience since I have been in the Army, but it is nearly mail
time so I must close for this time. Now dear Fanny you must write soon,
remember that I am always anxious to hear from you. I shall get a leave of
absence if it is possible and make you a visit. It is very uncertain though.
Please give my best regards to all your people, and accept much love to yourself
From your friend
Frank M. Guernsey
Guernsey Correspondence.
April 8, 1863 - Confederate coney-catching near Wartrace
Gen. Liddel's command, stationed near Wartrace, Tenn., are having a good deal
of sport in catching a large number of rabbits daily. An old friend of ours says
that on last Friday the boys captured about four hundred of the "molly cottontails." They manage the thing well. Two or three regiments march out and surround a thicket, then cavalry men with dogs enter the thicket and put the
rabbits to flight, when our boys close in with clubs, sticks, etc., making a clean
sweep of the varments. Quite a Luxury, and a great saving in a commissary
point of view.—Chat. Rebel.
Montgomery Weekly Advertiser, April 8, 1863.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: As cited in: http://www.uttyl.edu.
April 8, 1863 - April 10, 1863 - Brigadier-General George Maney expresses preferences for
decorating gallantry in the Army of Tennessee at the Battle of Stones
River
•See January 23, 1863--Procedures and nominations for honoring gallantry
in the Army of Tennessee at the Battle of Stones River
HDQRS. ARMY OF TENNESSEE, Tullahoma, April 8, 1863.
Brig. Gen. GEO. MANEY, Shelbyville, Tenn.:
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 65
April 8, 1863
GEN.: I am instructed by the commanding general to advise you he wishes
your battery composed from guns taken from the enemy. You will, therefore,
order to turn over one of your guns turned over to you from Capt. Semple's battery to the reserve, and receive one in its place from reserve. He also directs
that the names of the four bravest Tennessee men who were killed on the field
be inscribed upon guns. The man to engrave them will be in few days at your
camp, to whom you will give the names of men to be engraved, and report the
same to the general commanding.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. OLADOWSKI, Lieut.-Col., Ordnance Duty.
HDQRS. MANEY'S Brig., CHEATHAM'S DIV., POLK'S CORPS, Camp near
Shelbyville, April 10, 1863.
Lieut. Col. H. OLADOWSKI, Chief of Ordnance, Army of Tennessee:
COL.: Your note, conveying directions of the commanding general in reference to my battery, was received this morning. The gun from Capt. Sempley's
battery will be turned over to the reserve whenever demanded.
The instructions of the commanding general as to the inscription of names on
the pieces is highly gratifying to me, and will be appreciated by my entire command. Your note expresses that—The names of the four bravest Tennessee men
who were killed on the field be inscribed upon guns.
I feel it proper to mention in this connection that while my command at Perryville contained four Tennessee regiments, each one of which can afford many
names eminently deserving the appropriated honor designated, the Forty-first
Georgia was also part of my brigade at the time, and participated with the Tennessee regiments, and with like valor and devotion, in the severe conflict,
resulting in the capture of a quantity of the enemy's artillery; further, it may be
noted, this was the only regiment not of Tennessee in the entire [battle?]
engaged on our extreme right, and I must add, as my conviction, the southern
Army lost neither a truer soldier nor more amiable and admirable a gentleman
on that field than Col. Charles A. McDaniel, the commander of that regiment.
It if be the desire of the commanding general to bestow a compliment encouraging and appropriate to the Tennessee troops through my brigade as a
medium, the inscription should properly be limited to the names of Tennesseeans; but if the purpose be to honor the fallen braves of this particular brigade,
then justice, far more than any generosity, will strongly direct attention to the
name of Col. McDaniel for an inscription.
I respectfully and earnestly suggest that, as the battery complete will contain
just one gun for a suitable name from each of my four Tennessee regiments, it
would be a profound gratification to me to be allowed the privilege of inscribing the name of Col. McDaniel on one of the guns captured by my brigade at
the battle of Murfreesborough, the gun to be presented to some Georgia battery, as a token of respectful memory on the part of my command for a gallant
Page 66 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 9, 1863
soldier of a different State from themselves, who gave up his life fighting side
by side with them, for the results, whatever they be, of usefulness to the country or honor to themselves, achieved on the field of Perryville.
Very respectfully, &c.,
GEO. MANEY, Brig.-Gen., Cmdg.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 16, pt. II, pp. 1003-1004.
April 9, 1863 - Confederate attack on L&N train near Alexandria
•See April 7, 1863-April 11, 1863-Wheeler's raid on Louisville and Nashville
and Nashville and Chattanooga Railroads, including affair (April 10) at
Antioch Station, Tenn.
April 9, 1863 - Skirmish near the Obion River and Confederate conscript sweep
APRIL 9, 1863.-Skirmish near the Obion River, Tenn.
Report of Brig. Gen. Alexander Asboth, U. S. Army.
COLUMBUS, KY., April 15, 1863.
GEN.: I have the honor to report that, pursuant to orders communicated in my
report under No. 1178 to search the house and neighborhood of one Henderson
Wright, south of the Obion River, in order to capture the rebel Capt. Scales,
with his band, Capt. Hutchens, commanding Company E, Fifteenth Illinois
Cavalry, started on the morning of the 9th instant, and, crossing the Obion,
after a ride of 43 miles, reached the plantation of Wright, occupied by the rebel
Capt. Scales as his headquarters in his organization of a battalion. A body of
cavalry received our men with a volley of musketry, but Capt. Hutchens
ordered a charge, resulting in the death of 4 of the rebels, and capture of 26
men with 13 horses, and the complete dispersion of the band. Among the prisoners, a list of whom is herewith inclosed, are Capt. Scales, the commander of
a rebel battalion, and Lieut. Voorhees, with their appointments as officers of
the rebel army in their pockets; also Henderson Wright, a most dangerous
rebel.
From positive information, I would state that there are yet several bodies of
conscripts, under Capt.'s Parks, Carter, and others, appointed by Pillow and
Forrest, south of the Obion, and I only await the return of my informant with
guides to make a combined cavalry movement on them, as the Fourth Missouri
Cavalry has arrived and will be in a few days ready for duty. Reviewing the
presence of rebel parties on the Obion, at Paris and Mussey, Tenn., and another
at Dresden, Tenn., in connection with the avowed and published intention of
Pillow to conscript in the counties of my district, I must regard as most opportune the decision of the Gen.-in-Chief in permitting the Fourth Missouri Cavalry to remain in this district.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 67
April 9, 1863
Adjutant-Gen. Thomas, on his late visit to this post, also admitted the necessity
of more cavalry here. I therefore respectfully solicit the exercise of your influence to prevent the projected removal of the Fourth Missouri Cavalry to the
Department of the Cumberland; and as it is urgently required to send more cavalry to Fort Heiman, and form a connecting chain of cavalry posts between the
Mississippi and Tennessee, also to control properly the railroad and telegraph, I
would request that an additional regiment of cavalry be ordered for duty to my
district.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
[ASBOTH. ]
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. I, pp. 514-515.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: See also: OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 241.
April 9, 1863 - Bragg issues General Orders No. 76 forbidding intercourse with prisoners of
war
GENERAL ORDERS, No. 76., HDQRS. ARMY OF TENNESSEE, Tullahoma, April 9, 1863.
~~~
V. The general commanding has been informed that a free and unrestricted
intercourse with prisoners of war has been allowed to the officers and soldiers
of this army and citizens. This practice is most pernicious to the well-being and
discipline of the Army. Such intercourse will not hereafter be allowed except
upon written permission.
~~~
By command of Gen. Bragg
OR, Ser. II, Vol. 5, p. 871.
April 9, 1863 - A Fair Squabble"
One of the most beautiful small-sized rows that has come under our immediate
observation for a long time, occurred yesterday afternoon about 6 o'clock. A
boy, whose name we could not learn, was making Flora Temple time, followed
very closely by a Hebrew. The boy held in his hand a small piece of cotton
goods, which the son of Abraham seemed intent on capturing. As the boy came
near the corner of Main and Jefferson street, a gentleman ordered the pursuer
and pursued to halt, at which both came to a sudden stop, as quickly as if they
had been drilled by a regular army officer. The gentleman who gave the world
of command, (also by the way, occupies a military position of no mean importance,) demanded of the gentlemen who gave chase what he was after the boy
for. To which the other replied the boy had stolen some goods from him, and
that he (the boy,) had them in his hands. The military gentleman asked if he
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 10, 1863
saw the boy take the goods to which he received a negative reply. But another
man then stepped forward and said he did. Orders were then given to arrest the
man and host hold him as a witness to appear against the boy to-day. This
changed at once the order of things. The would-be witness soon discovered he
knew nothing about the affair. This dodging of an issue prejudiced great indignation in the breast of military friend, and to satisfy it, pitched into the first
mentioned gentleman, with the express determination (or rather this our opinion,) of giving harm (or taking) a sound drubbing with his fist. When we were
forced from the field to conflict by the immense crowd which collected, the
fight of it arose to that dignified title, was all on one side; that is,
_______[illegible] was decidedly in the ascendant. We understand the combatants were separated without much damage being done to either. Reader had
you been where we where you have laughed fit to split your sides. The whole
thing was a splendid farce, but not much of a joke on our Hebrew friend.
Memphis Bulletin, April 10, 1863.
April 9, 1863 - Scout to Franklin
•See April 10, 1863--Engagement at Franklin
April 9, 1863 - April 14, 1863 - Results of a Fourth Michigan cavalry scout; excerpts from
the letter of Albert Potter to his family
Headquarters Co."H" 4th M. Cav [near Columbia?]
Apr 14th 1863
Dear ones all
. . . We just came in from a scout. Have been out since last Thursday morning
[9th]. Our Brigade has not done much. We were over near Franklin. Van Dorn
is hovering around to see what he may devour. He made a dash into Franklin
on Friday [10th]. But got rather severely handled. We killed about on hundred,
officers and all, while our loss was but a trifle compared to theirs. The Fourth
Regulars captured a Battery of six pieces but they were not supported and consequently were obliged to give it up again. Although they succeeded in disabling a part of it by cutting the spokes in the wheels.
~~~
Potter Correspondence
April 10, 1863 - Skirmish near Waverly
Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 69
April 10, 1863
April 10, 1863 - Confederate attack on a train near Hermitage, on Cumberland River
•See April 7, 1863-April 11, 1863-Wheeler's raid on Louisville and Nashville
and Nashville and Chattanooga Railroads, including affair (April 10) at
Antioch Station, Tenn.
April 10, 1863 - Engagement at Franklin
APRIL 10, 1863.-Engagement at Franklin, Tenn.
Report of Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans, U. S. Army, commanding Department of the Cumberland to Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Gen.-in-Chief.
MURFREESBOROUGH, TENN., April 11, 1863—5 p. m. The following dispatch was received about midnight:
FRANKLIN, April 10, 1863.
Gen. ROSECRANS: Van Dorn made his promised attack to-day at 1 o'clock
directly in front and on the town. An infantry regiment on guard and in town,
with the cavalry pickets, held him at bay until their ammunition was exhausted.
The dense smoke and atmosphere favored their operations, enabling them to
approach very near without our being able to observe them. Our siege guns and
light batteries opened upon them with murderous effect, literally strewing the
ground with men and horses. I had halted Stanley 4 miles out, on the Murfreesborough road. He at once crossed his forces over at Hughes' Mill, vigorously
attacking Forrest's division, moving down on the Lewisburg pike, capturing six
pieces of artillery and some 200 prisoners, but, owing to the unfavorable nature
of the country, was unable to hold them, being attacked by greatly superior
numbers, outflanked, and nearly surrounded. At the moment I was about to
support him with all of my available cavalry and infantry, I received a dispatch
from Gen. Morgan saying that his pickets were being driven in on the Wilson
pike. This led me to suppose that either Brentwood or our rear would be
attacked in force; hence I was unable to carry out my project of cutting off and
destroying most of Van Dorn's force. Our loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners is less than 100, while the enemy's cannot be less than three times that number. They were repulsed on all sides, and driven until darkness prevented the
pursuit. Capt. McIntyre, of the Fourth Regulars, took the battery and prisoners,
bringing off twenty-odd of the latter.
G. GRANGER, Maj.-Gen.
Reports place Van Dorn's force from 10,000 to 18,000. The attack was repulsed
so easily that I am waiting the return of Gen. Stanley, who has gone with his
force to the front, to know whether it was more than a reconnaissance.
W. S. ROSECRANS, Maj.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 221-222.
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 10, 1863
Report of Col. Daniel M. Ray, Second Tennessee Cavalry, commanding Third
Cavalry Brigade.
CAMP NEAR MURFREESBOROUGH, TENN., April 16, 1863.
SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the late scout to Franklin, Tenn.:
Left camp with my command, consisting of the Second East Tennessee Cavalry and a detachment of the Fourth Indiana Cavalry, on the morning of Thursday, April 9, 1863; halted at night about 4 miles south of Triune.
Resumed the march on the following morning at 3.30 o'clock; marched until 8
a. m.; halted within 4 miles of Franklin. Resumed march at 2 p. m. of same
day; marched a distance of 4 or 5 miles, crossing Big Harpeth River below an
old mill. Was attacked by the enemy in force near ford of Big Harpeth; engagement lasted about one hour, mostly at long range; the enemy fell back; I occupied his ground. My loss was 1 killed and 6 wounded, all belonging to the
Second East Tennessee Cavalry.
Late in the evening I recrossed the river with my command, at the ford where I
crossed at 2 o'clock. Remained over night; distance about 1 mile from the
scene of the engagement. On the 11th instant, advanced as far as where the
Fourth U. S. Cavalry were engaged on the 10th. Returned from that place to
where we halted on the morning of the 10th a. m.; arrived at camp at 9 p. m.;
arrived at camp at 9 p. m., burning on our way ten dwellings and outhouses
belonging to persons who had sons in the Confederate Army, as per order of
Maj.-Gen. Stanley.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. M. RAY, Col., Cmdg. Third Cavalry Brigade.
Report of Lieut. Col. Robert Klein, Third Indiana Cavalry.
HDQRS. THIRD BATTALION, THIRD INDIANA CAVALRY, Camp Drake,
Tenn., April 16, 1863.
SIR: I have the honor to report the following as the part taken by detachment of
the Third Indiana Cavalry, 170 strong, under my command, during the late
scout to Franklin, Tenn.:
Nothing worthy of note occurred until on the 10th instant, when, halted 4 miles
from Franklin, I was placed under command of Lieut.-Col. Robie, commanding Second Brigade, with which brigade we acted during the entire engagement and remainder of the scout. Early in the afternoon we were ordered to
proceed to the Harpeth River, at [Hughes'] Mill, where our brigade crossed at
lower ford, opposite the bluff. We moved across the open field and woods to
the Lewisburg pike, driving the enemy's sentinels toward Franklin, in which
direction we observed them in considerable mounted force. The brigade was
formed across the pike, facing toward Franklin, my battalion being in the center, where we were to await their approach. The Fourth Regulars becoming
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April 10, 1863
engaged in our rear, toward Lewisburg, we were ordered to about face, and
move down the Lewisburg end of the pike, which we did in fine order, and had
laid down the last fence between us and the reserve of the force engaging the
Fourth Regulars, and would soon have captured them and the horses of their
dismounted men, the guard being inconsiderable, but orders were given to fall
back, as they were advancing from Franklin in our rear. We fell back with the
promptness characteristic of cavalry movements, and formed in the field and
woods near the bluff, at the crossing, our line being at an acute angle with the
pike and bluff, our left nearest the pike and our right nearest the bluff, with my
battalion again in the center of the Second Brigade.
The enemy made two attacks on this position, and were both times repulsed;
but coming through the woods in force and attacking our left vigorously, doubled it on the center, obliging us to fall back.
We again formed parallel to the bluff, which position we held until the enemy
retired.
We were in advance of the reconnoitering force which went out in the evening,
but nothing worthy of note occurred.
Our loss in the whole scout was very small, being 2 mortally wounded and 2
slightly so. Also 12 horses killed, disabled, and abandoned.
I take pleasure in testifying to the general good conduct of my officers and
men, their actions meeting my full approbation.
I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. KLEIN, Lieut.-Col., Cmdg. Third Indiana Cavalry.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 237-238.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: There are a total of twelve reports incident to this engagement.
Some fighting in Franklin. Our soldiers were induced to think that Franklin
was evacuated by the Feds they made a charge into Town & was badly cut
up[.] [T]he Feds had secreted themselves in the house[s], [and] fired out of the
windows. . . loss very heavy. . .
Diary of Nimrod Porter, April 10, 1863.
April 10, 1863 - A trip from Fairmont to Lebanon; excerpt from a Confederate woman's
diary
~~~
After trying for three weeks to get a conveyance and escort to Lebanon, Mr.
Dick Malone at last said he'd risk the consequence and take me. I went over
April 10 [1863] with Margart, Leila and 7 trunks-taking most of the wearing
apparel of the family that had been saved from the fire, to try to save it. Imagine my consternation to come right on the rear guard of a column of Yankees,
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April 10, 1863
numbering 3,000. Mr. Malone's. coolness and address saved our trunks and
pockets from being rifled. He offered the keys and insisted that an officer
should examine the trunks; but, they told us to drive out to the side of the road
and they would pass. They wheeled the columns and went back to Murfreesboro. This was ten miles from L. [ebanon]. We rode on and in 4 miles met the
Southern Pickets. This then was the cause of the [Yankees'] sudden return [to
Murfreesboro].-Wheeler was certainly in Lebanon with 6000 men and had torn
up the Railway at 2 points the night before, taking a number of prisoners, capturing the mail and doing them great damage otherwise. Words fail me in
speaking of the unexpected pleasure of meeting my dear Husband in L. [ebanon] after an absence of 3 months, during which we had met such painful vicissitudes of fortune. When I had last seen him, I was almost dead and he was in
eminent danger of being captured that he had to leave me.
Journal of Bettie Ridley Blackmore.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: Sarah Ridley Trimble, ed., "Behind the Lines in Middle Tennessee, 18631865: The Journal of Bettie Ridley Blackmore," Tennessee Historical Quarterly, Vol. XII No. 1 (March, 1953), p. 56. [Hereinafter: Journal of Bettie
Ridley Blackmore.]
April 10, 1863 - AffairNOTE 1 at Antioch Station
•See April 7, 1863-April 11, 1863-Wheeler's raid on Louisville and Nashville
and Nashville and Chattanooga Railroads, including affair (April 10) at
Antioch Station, Tenn.
NOTE 1:
Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee labels this as a skirmish.
April 10, 1863 - Lieutenant-General Leonidas Polk suggests stiffening security at military
hospitals to decrease the desertion rate of the Army of Tennessee
HDQRS. POLK'S CORPS, ARMY OF TENNESSEE, April 10, 1863.
Gen. S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector Gen., Richmond, Va.:
It has been said that "hospitals are the leaks of armies," and our experience justifies the truth of the remark. In this army, ever since its organization, efforts
have been made to devise a remedy for this evil, and we believe we have
accomplished it as far as in the nature of things it is practicable. Our system has
been in operation for several months, and works admirably. Before its introduction the wastage was enormous. It is not as perfect as we think it could be
made, but it is a very great improvement on the old condition of things. It is as
follows:
Each corps has its own hospitals, which are devoted exclusively to the use of
its own sick. Take the hospitals assigned to my own corps, for example. These
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April 10, 1863
are established at Rome and Atlanta, Ga. Every day the sick of my corps, now
at Shelbyville, who require hospital treatment are sent down to one or the other
of these hospitals. Rations are provided for them on the cars, and a surgeon
detailed to accompany them. For better security, they are placed under the
charge of an officer, with a detail as a guard, whose duty it is to accompany
them to the hospital, to see that they neither escape nor are left by the way, and
who turns them over to the commanding officer of the post where the hospital
is established. This commanding officer has been detailed from the corps, with
an adequate detachment, to take charge of the hospital post. It is his duty to
receive the men sent down for treatment, to enroll them as apart of his command, and to be responsible for their safe-keeping and proper care while under
his orders. So soon as they are sufficiently convalescent for light duty, they are
put to squad or company drill, for the sake of the exercise, and, when competent for field service, they are sent back to their commands in the corps under
an officer and a guard, as they came down. It will be perceived that, by this
mode of proceeding, these men are always in hand, and in the hands of officers
belonging to their own proper corps. These officers make returns of their commands to corps headquarters tri-monthly, and their number and condition are
thus known to corps headquarters. It will be seen also that the loss of men
through the hospitals under this system is next to impossible, and that the parties most interested in their speedy recovery are those who are charged with
looking after them. It will be seen also that they are much more likely to
receive sympathy and special attention, because they are in the hands of their
own corps and among their friends. Abuses, too, are much more likely to be
corrected, for the reason that they are more likely to be known, and the power
to correct them is at hand.
Such is the system we have inaugurated, and which has been for the last two
months in operation in its substantial details. We have found it, as I have
remarked, to work admirably and to cure the evils of the old system. If it were
to be continued, I would suggest one change, which I regard as important to a
high degree; it is, that the surgeons taking care of the sick in the hospitals
report to the medical director of the corps directly, just as the surgeons taking
care of the sick in the field do. I see no good reason why this should not be
done, and there are several why it should be. The authority of the officers of the
corps over its men is never removed, and the responsibility of taking care of
these men is where it ought to be, and those whose they are and who are most
interested in their recovery. This arrangement would not abridge the authority
of the army surgeon-general in the least, as the reports of the corps medical
director would be made directly to him, just as the reports of the commanders
of the corps are made to the general commanding the army in reference to matters purely military. If the medical director of the army is not satisfied with the
management of the medical director of the corps, he can, through his medical
inspector, have the evils corrected. But I regret to see that an order has been
issued from the Adjutant and Inspector General's Office at Richmond declaring
that corps, army, and department commanders are excluded from having anything to do with the general hospitals, and, therefore, all our plans for the bene-
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 10, 1863
fit of the sick are overthrown at a blow. This order is No. 28, March 12 [1863]
Paragraph V. I have respectfully to submit that, in my judgment, this is not
expedient or wise. It goes back to the old system, which has worked badly, and
lost us, by desertion or otherwise, a large number of all who have been sent to
our hospitals. I desire respectfully to place these views before the Secretary of
War, and to ask that we be permitted to manage our hospitals in the manner I
have above indicated.
~~~
L. Polk, Lieut.-Gen., Cmdg.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 747-749.
April 10, 1863 - "I have never been able to see sufficient grounds for secession and war."
Williamson Younger, Carroll county tailor, on the course of the war
I believe this wicked war an uncalled for calamity. It might have been avoided
had it not been for mean men North and South. I thought we of the South
should have waited, and if we were not interrupted in our sovereign rights as
States by Mr. Lincoln and the party in power, then of course no cause for rebelling. If we had been, I think there would have been a sufficient party in the
United States to have put down any such encroachment on states rights. I
believe the North has aggravated the South by her liberty bills and insults in
the Federal congress to do what she has done. I have never been able to see sufficient grounds for secession and war. Both were brought on without my aid or
voice at the ballot box. Now that both are upon us, my sympathies are entirely
with my country and my people. I was opposed to secession and voted against
secession. By the June vote it seemed the mass of the people had become drunk
with rage and prejudice against the proceeding of the old government. I then
thought it was clearly where we were drifting. I was silent and did not vote at
all. The fire was started and is burning to the consummation of our liberties, for
the subjugation of the South is an end of our liberties. The treatment we have
received from the old government has been calculated to drive us out of the
Union. The officers of the Federal army have acted on the testimony of bad
men and Negroes to seize the property of conservative men of the South. What
was of no use to them, they have destroyed. This has strengthened the rebellion.
"Younger Diary."
April 10, 1863 - Public notice identifying runaway slaves and calling for their return to masters
NOTICE.
Headquarters Camp of Instruction
Near Knoxville, April 10th, 1863
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April 10, 1863
In compliance with General Order No. 25, A. & I. G. O., Richmond, Va., the
following named slaves are held subject to the order of, and will be delivered
to, their owners when satisfactory proof of ownership shall have been made:
HARRISON-belonging to Mrs. Betsy Allen, Henry county, Tenn., 20 years of
age, black complexion, 5 feet 6 inches high, captured between Murfreesboro'
and Nashville, Tenn., by Gen. Wheeler, in December last.
JACK-belonging to W. Foster, Nashville aged 18, copper complexion, 5 feet 7
inches high, taken on the 1st of March, 1863, by the Provost guard at Chattanooga, says he was with Maj. Mason, Quartermaster on General Polk's staff.
GEORGE-belonging to Henry Brown, Bedford county, Tenn. 30 years of age,
copper complexion 5 feet 8 inches high, captured by cavalry at his home about
the 1st of February, and taken to Shelbyville, Tenn.
TOM-belonging to Col. Johnson, 10th Georgia regiment, Nashville, Tenn., 20
years of age, copper complexion, 5 feet 6 inches high captured by the bridge
guard below Bridgeport on his way to Tullahoma, about five months ago.
SMITH-belonging to Wm. Jarnagin, Robinson county, Tenn., 29 years of age,
6 feet high, captured by the Federals last fall and recaptured by Gen. Wheeler's
command on the Cumberland river on January last.
BOB-belonging to Mrs. R. Bell, Davidson county, Tenn., 20 years of age, 5
feet 6 inches, high copper complexion, was impressed by Major Hatlock, 1st
Kentucky regiment, as cook and was captured by our forces at Murfreesboro,
Dec. 31st, 1862.
JOSEPH-belonging to Alfred Miller, Rutherford county, Tenn., years of age,
complexion black, 5 feet 8 inches high, captured by Gen Wheeler's cavalry
near home about two months ago.
ED-belonging to John B. Cunningham, 51st Alabama regiment, 16 or 17 years
of age, copper complexion, was lost from his master and was brought to this
place by Jarnagin, conductor on the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad,
Nov. 30, 1862.
JOHN EDMONS-free, Marion county, Indiana, 55 years of age, 5 feet 8 inches
high, black complexion, cook in 33d Indiana regiment, left sick in hospital in
Kentucky and was captured by Col. Palmer's command about the 1st of April,
1863.
RUSSELL-Rutherford county, Tenn., 59 years of age, 5 feet 7 inches high,
captured by Gen Wheeler's cavalry at home about one month ago-claims to be
free.
WARRREN-Belonging to Jack White, a private in Capt. Hart's Company, 43d
regiment Ala. Volunteers, 35 years of age, 5 feet 8 inches high, black complexion, captured by the Federals near Williamsburg, Ky., in August last, and
recaptured at the same place by Col. McKenzie's Cavalry, about the 1st inst.
By order of
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 11, 1863
L. PECK, Major P. A. C. S,
Knoxville Daily Register, April 19, 1863.
April 10, 1863 - April 11, 1863 - Scout, LaGrange, Hudsonville, Lockhart's Mills, Mt. Pleasant, Early Grove, Mississippi
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. I, p. 515.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: All action associated with this scout took place in Mississippi. The mission
originated and terminated in Tennessee.
April 11, 1863 - Grand Review of the Army of Tennessee in Tullahoma
INSPECTOR-GEN. 'S OFFICE, Tullahoma, Tenn., April 11, 1863.
DEAREST FRIEND: You will see by the leading of this note that I have
changed my location since I last wrote. To-day has been a great day with us.
There has been a grand review of the army to-day-beyond all doubt the grandest affair of the war. The troops were reviewed by Gen. J. E. Johnston. Sixty
thousand infantry marched in the grandest order before that old chieftain. Just
behold the heroes that accompanied him, such as Gen.'s Bragg, Polk, Hardee,
Breckinridge, and a host of others with unstained reputation. I think I can
safely say that we have here one of the grandest armies that ever walked upon
earth, and Gen. Bragg has made it what it is. Gen. Johnston is here; he commands the department, Gen. Bragg the army. I am now on Gen. Bragg's staff.
He ordered me from Chattanooga to him, and I am now one of his inspectorsgeneral. Our army is very healthy, and everything in it walks a chalk-line. Oh,
if you could only have been here to-day, to hear the elegant music! It took the
troops four hours to march by Gen. Johnston. They passed in review in column
by companies, with music from one end of the army to the other, and although
these reviews come every week or two, yet I think it was the grandest sight I
ever witnessed, with almost a thousand flags wafted in the breeze. Upon
[some] you see the number of the regiment, and inscribed below on some you
see Shiloh, Fort Donelson, Munfordville, Perryville, Fishing Creek, Murfreesborough, &c. Almost all the troops here are becoming veterans.
It is now 12 o'clock. I stop to listen to the beautiful music-a band serenading
Gen.'s Hardee and Breckinridge, just below, on the opposite side of the street.
We are not expecting a fight soon. Gen. Rosecrans is badly frightened. Such
cavalry as we have here never has been known. Our little Texan, Gen. Van
Dorn, is playing the wild work with the Yankees with his cavalry. Forrest, Morgan, and Wheeler are equally as good.
J. P. BALTZELL, Assistant Inspector-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 750-751.
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April 1863 — Page 77
April 11, 1863
April 11, 1863 - Scout from LaGrange to Saulsbury
No circumstantial reports filed.NOTE 1
NOTE 1:
Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee defines this scout as "from Saulsbury."
April 11, 1863 - Skirmish, Salisbury
•See April 11, 1863--Scout from LaGrange to Saulsbury
Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: "Salisbury" is located in western North Carolina, consequently this entry is
most likely incorrect. Why it is listed in Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee
as in Tennessee is not known. The fact that the mistake was made indicates
the difficulty historians are sometimes confronted with when compiling
comprehensive registers of events. Certainly Dyer can be forgiven his error.
He most likely meant "Saulsbury," which is, or was, in Hardeman County,
Tennessee.
April 11, 1863 - An account of a the rescue of some Federal prisoners of war south of Spring
Hill
~~~
The enemy 2 miles south of Spring Hill today. The boys of the 40th Ohio is 5
killed and 10 wounded & missing. They say two of their men were shot by the
Rebels after they had surrendered. They took about 20 prisoners and found 18
dead bodies. The Rebs took most of their wounded and some of the dead with
them. 2 Capt.s were filled and one major wounded and taken prisoner. . . with
6 other Rebs who had been disoriented were in a house guarding 4 of the 40th
who had taken prisoners when 4 more of the 40th came unexpectedly in [?]
from the house and took the 7 Rebs prisoner and released their own men.
Patten Diary, April 11, 1863.
April 11, 1863 - Thoughts on de facto social suppression of free speech in White County
. . . I heard that Mr. Clark's son was dead. He was taken prisoner. I am really
sorry for them. I guess there are some bitter things against the southern Confederacy in John Clark's heart, but a man dares not speak his thoughts these
days, unless they happened to be in accordance with the view of the
Dictators.NOTE 1 But I hope the time will come when an honest man can think
what he pleases, and speak his thoughts too. Pshaw! what am I writing on that
subject for, does anybody reckon?. . .
Diary of Amanda McDowell.
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April 11, 1863
NOTE 1: It is unclear if Miss McDowell meant this as a reference to the Confederacy
or to the Union. Perhaps it was a generalized statement against both governments.
April 11, 1863 - Military Governor Andrew Johnson requests that his son be placed in command of four cavalry regiments from East Tennessee
Washington, April 11, 1863
Major General Rosecrans:
I am informed that the four cavalry regiments from East Tennessee were to
form a brigade, and be placed under the command of Col. Robert Johnson. His
regiment (the First East Tennessee Cavalry) is the largest in the service. Can
this be done and promote the public interest? If so, it would be gratifying to me
as well as others. I shall proceed at once to raise 25,000 troops, cavalry and
infantry.
Andrew Johnson
Papers of Andrew Johnson, Vol. 6, p. 211.
April 11, 1863 - Observations on the camp life of Confederate soldiers in Middle Tennessee
Shelbyville, Tenn., April 11, 1863.
. . . I started out by saying that all is quiet here as yet. I should have stated
quiet, according to the meaning of the word in this region. That is to say, that
whilst our infantry camps continue to be scenes of peace and good humor—the
men becoming fat with their long rest, and models of perfection in drill—and
whilst the farmers around are hard at work for heavy crops this summer, and
tranquility and gaiety prevail on all sides, all is not quiet along the immediate
front. There our gallant cavalry are hard at work all the time, night and day,
sweeping back those little waves of invasion, which if not checked, might open
heavy sluices and soon precipitate the whole Northern flood upon us. I am of
opinion that our cavalry do not receive a fraction of the praise they are entitled
to, because they are not sufficiently heard from. No rest for them. No fattening
up in camp and daily exercise in drill, for months, for them. No grand reviews
with brass bands playing and flags flying, big Generals present, and ladies
around for them. No—nothing of the sort.
They are chiefly heard of as playing a secondary part around the edges of big
battles, and making raids into the enemy's country; for all which I admit they
receive full credit. But those seem to be the cavalryman's only hope of renown.
He gets no praise for being constantly in the saddle, or for constantly riding
and exposing his life just as much as he ever did in a big battle or in a raid.
Every day the distant rumble of cannon is heard from some part or another of
our sixty mile front. The sound is tranquilly heard, maybe in an infantry camp,
or among the plowmen in the field; it elicits only the remark—"Skirmishing up
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April 11, 1863
at the front," and all goes on as usual. It is forgotten that the few men engaged
in these skirmishes are fighting about as hard, individually, as ever any equal
number of individuals fought in the solid phalanx of battle. Perhaps only two
light batteries, and not more than two light batteries, and not more than two
hundred mounted men are engaged in the exchange of cannon ball, shell and
minnie ball; most of these miss, as in greater engagements, but once in a while
something hits.—A horse goes down under his rider—a piece of shell broke
somebody's arm, or tears away his leg—the shrill whiz of a minnie ball is
heard to cease with a little "thud," and a large bearded man is seen to drop his
gun and fall from his horse limberly, without exclamation.—The wounded are
supported away on horseback; so is the limber man, whose placid face proves
that he died very suddenly. After a while a widow weeps somewhere, but the
world never hears anything about it—it was only "a skirmish up at the front."
And so of lesser skirmishes, where small scouting parties meet. Many of the
noblest and bravest spirits of this war have thus fallen; but no halo of battle
glory brightens their names—they fell "skirmishing up at the front."
Between outpost, picket and mount duty, precious little rest does the cavalryman see. If no skirmish requires his aid, there is the tiresome and stealthy ride
through the thickets, over the hills and down the valleys, or the weary, silent
waiting at the deserted cross road or lonesome hill top; through sunshine and
darkness, through all weathers; no tent to shelter them from the drenching rain,
no fire to thaw their numbed fingers or warm their scarce, scanty rations. Cavalry men, this last winter have been frozen to death in their saddles, and numbers have received frost bites that they will carry to their graves. Once in a
while, the cavalry man is sent to the reserve camp for a few days' rest, not for
himself but for his horse. His greatest and most constant care is to keep his
horse shod and otherwise in order; for he well knows that if once he loses his
horse his glory is gone. Many, in spite of their best care, are wearing out their
horses, and being dismounted and sent to the infantry; a stern necessity of war,
anything but agreeable to those who have learned how to fight on horseback.
But of cavalry men and their hardships, and the unappreciativeness of the people for whom they are fighting, enough for the present.
My neighbor, old Brown, told me this morning there was a "wedding" at his
house the night before. There have lately been many "weddings" of the kind
referred to by Brown, in this part of the country. Let me describe one of them.
A brave soldier, after a year or a year and a half's marching and hard fighting,
hears that his wife is very sick or in some other trouble, at his home "away
down South." He applies for a short furlough. It is bluntly refused. He becomes
down-hearted, and more than ever prays for a speedy ending of the war. At last
he is wounded in battle, or stricken down by disease. Again he asks for a furlough; he is very sure of getting well faster at home than in a hospital; and
again the boon is cruelly denied. He is sent off, half dead and despairing, to a
hospital at Chattanooga or Atlanta, where he is well cared for. But for all this
he pines for weeks; and perhaps his worst pining is that of the heart for "home,
sweet home":
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 11, 1863
"Though doctor and nurse are here
Within this dreary confine,
There are never the faces to cheer
A weary soul like mine.
It's oh, for a mother's care,
A sister's affectionate zeal,
A wife's deep love and devotion rare,
To banish the pain I feel!"
Finally he gets well and is sent back to duty. His home now seems to him as
some far off dream of happiness, which perhaps he may never realize. The end
of the war looks farther off than ever—so does his home. But he goes on
bravely with his duties, little dreaming of the surprise that is preparing for him.
A lady, pale and fatigued after some days and nights of the crowded and horrible travel of our Southern railroad reaches Tullahoma—reaches Shelbyville.
Some kind soldier, a fellow traveler, carries her carpet bag and basket, and
inquires about town until some citizen directs where the lady can get accommodations for a week or so. The kind volunteer assists her to Smith's, or
Brown's, or some other good country place between town and camp. She pens
a note, and after some trouble manages to have it sent out to camp. The note
gets mislaid; but our soldier receives word that a lady at Smith's or Brown's
wishes to see him. He obtains a short leave, and comes flying in, his horse and
heart in an equal gallop."Can it be she?" he asks himself—"she never wrote she
was coming!" He dismounts at the gate, hastily flings the rein over a post, double quicks it up the yard, and greets the door with a nervous "rat-tat tat." The
door opens—the servant asks him into the parlor—he enters—a lady rises (she
is not pale now)—and the next moment, with only the exclamations, "John!"
"Mary!" her face is buried in the bosom of his woolen shirt, whilst his manly
arms, that so oft in his dreams had clasped the empty atmosphere, are now at
last firmly locked round the real thing itself!
Such meetings as these are what the people around here have got into the habit
of calling "weddings." The name isn't such a bad one, is it? Wouldn't mind having one or two such weddings myself!
A peculiar institution of our army here is the "colored wing"—the military niggers —I mean the officers' servants. They dress well, ride thousand dollar
horses, smoke two-bit cigars, live on the fat of the land, get up five dollar dancing parties, put on airs over the country niggers, break the wenches' hearts, and
lay over the army and mankind in general. So far as ease, comfort and pleasure
go, they seem to be the finest gentlemen in the army. They observe keenly the
distinctions of rank; a General's nigger won't associate with the Colonel's or
Captain's nigger if he can help it; and they look upon the white foot soldiers as
the wretchedest of mankind. Very often a tired and dusty volunteer, trudging
along the road with his gun and knapsack, hears a clatter behind him, steps
aside, and a dandy nigger gallops by without turning his head, stiff and dignified as a Major General. The soldier looks as if he would rather make a target
of the saucy black rascal; but as he happens to be quite as rich a man as the nig-
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April 11, 1863
ger's master, and has pet niggers of his own at home, he doesn't do it. Here's a
specimen of the stunning process adopted by some of the officers niggers. Old
country nigger with his jaw hanging over a fence, stupidly staring at the
crowds passing up and down the road. Young dandy nigger in gold lace comes
clattering along on a spanking stallion. Sees the old one and reins in suddenly,
with this question: "Nigga, has you seen Gen'l Bragg pas dis way?"
Old one grants a surly "no," and dandy travel on as though he were going to a
council of war. He doesn't know Bragg from Adam, and has no business with
him. The old one stares after him in evident disgust, tinctured, however, with a
wonder whether that whipper-snapper is Bragg's Adjutant General, or only
some Brig.-General or Colonel. A week or two since the niggers had a grand
shindy at McMinnville; admittance five dollars, to keep common niggers out.
Two splendid military niggers, strangers to each other, got in each other's way
whilst bucking up to the bell-wench of the ball; they put on tall airs and tried to
look each other down; but they were of equal grit and neither backed down. At
last, in a manner intended to crush, one asks, "Who is you?" "I'se boss barba'
on Gen. Morgan's staff!" was the spunky reply, "who is you?" Drawing himself
up to the utmost stretch, the other answered, "Ise boss barba' on Gen. Wheeler's
staff; I ranks you, I does; you commands a division, but I commands a corps!"
The Morgan nigger "went under," and his superior officer sailed off with the
wench. Of a verity, these army niggers are a gay set of birds.
I notice that my friend "Ora," in speaking of the victory of the 18th-20th Louisiana regiment, in the challenge drill at Tullahoma, dubs it the "Irish Creole"
regiment. You should know the regiment better, Ora should know enough not
to call Creoles Irish, or Irish Creoles, and not leave out the Americans, Germans, Dutch, Prussians and others, that assist in the composition of this cosmopolitan and truly model regiment. Are Col. Richard and Lieut. Von Zanken
"Irish Creole" names? The epithet seems to infer a little disparagement because
being a Louisiana regiment it is not composed exclusively of Creoles; this is
unjust. The regiment should rather be the more admired in that it so truly represents the mixed character of the population of New Orleans, whilst typifying
its loyalty; showing how completely men of different nationalities can become
welded together as one man in the one great cause. Call it "Irish Creole" or
whatever else you choose, this is a true Louisiana regiment, reflecting honor
upon the noble old State that sent it forth, and upon the army to which it is
attached.
I. G.
Mobile Register and Advertiser, April 19, 1863.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: As cited in: http://www.uttyl.edu/vbetts.
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 11, 1863
April 11, 1863 - ". . . I desire very much for you to be here. . . " Corporal William Calvin
Tripp's letter to his wife
Tullahoma Coffee County April the 11 1863
Dear Wife I seat my self to drop you a few lines to let you know that I am well
and doing as well as could be Expected in these war times. . . I am sorry to
learn that one of the children is sick I can say to you that I have nothing very
strange or of much importance to rite to you at present more that we had a
review of our troops to day we learn that you had been informed that we had
marching orders and was to leave here last Thursday but I can say to you that is
all a mistake we are here yet and have no marching orders. . .
I received them things you sent me by G. K. Smith I want you to rite to me
whether you have received that Satchel letters and Envelopes that I sent you. . .
I was very glad to receive the Provisions you sent me yesterday you rote to me
to know whether I wanted any clothes or not I do not need any at the present
and therefore I will rite to you when I kneed them the boys is all as well as
common I can say to you that I suppose there is going to be another review
thursday or Friday. . . If I knew exactly what day it would be I would tell you
in my letter as I desire very much for you to be here as you would see more
than you would in all your life. . . If I can get you correct word I will do so as I
wish you to see the review. Tell Father and mother I wish to see them as well as
my wife and children I want you both to rite to me every chance.
MSCC/CWRC
April 11, 1863 - Oak boards solicited in Knoxville
Office Post Quartermaster,
Knoxville, April 11, 1863.
WANTED---100,000 Oak Boards-one half will be paid $10.00 per thousand on
delivery at Knoxville.
T. H. Atkeison, Capt. and Post Quartermaster.
Knoxville Daily Register, April 18, 1863.
April 11, 1863 - April 12, 1863 - Scouts along the Cumberland River
GALLATIN, April 12, 1863—11.50 a. m.
Gen. GARFIELD, Chief of Staff:
I am confident that there is, at least probably, 15,000 men in Lebanon and
roads toward Baird's Mills and Liberty. They told a rebel, who told my detective, that word was given out yesterday morning and Friday that, by God, they
would hold Lebanon, if it took all of their army. I shall draw out my ferry-
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April 11, 1863
boats, and, if driven to it, destroy them. The rebels must hold Lebanon or fail in
supplies.
E. A. PAINE, Brig.-Gen.
GALLATIN, April 12, 1863—2.10 p. m.
Gen. GARFIELD, Chief of Staff:
Another scout has just come in who saw at least 1,000 men on the other side of
the Cumberland, 16 miles from here, with some artillery. A rebel told him, supposing the scout to be a rebel, that they would hold Lebanon; that they intended
to swim over enough to take the couriers coming from Gen. Crook with the
mail. I have no cavalry force to send, and it's too far for infantry and too late.
I am going to the river this evening to haul out my boats or destroy them.
E. A. PAINE, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 233.
April 11, 1863 - ca. April 17, 1863 - Expedition, Nashville to Hamburg
MEMPHIS, TENN., April 13, 1863.
Maj. Gen. U. S. GRANT, Comdg. Department of the Tennessee:
GEN.: I send you the following dispatch, just received:
MURFREESBOROUGH, April 11, 1863.
My expedition leaves Nashville to-day by river. It will probably reach Hamburg six days hence. Dodge should move as soon as your orders can reach him.
Should communicate with my force by messenger at Hamburg, so that each
may know the whereabouts of the other. My force will probably land at Eastport.
W. S. ROSECRANS.
Gen. Dodge will move on Wednesday, as agreed.
I am, general, your obedient servant,
S. A. HURLBUT.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. III, p. 191.
MEMPHIS, TENN., April 17, 1863.
Lieut. Col. JOHN A. RAWLINS, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Dept. of the Tennessee,
Milliken's Bend, La.:
SIR: Rosecrans telegraphs to-day that his expedition, 2,000 strong, picked
men, left Palmyra on Monday last, and should be off Hamburg to-night. They
are not yet heard of, nor is Ellet.NOTE 1
~~~
Page 84 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 12, 1863
S. A. HURLBUT
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. III, p. 202.
NOTE 1: The purpose and outcome of this expedition are unknown.
April 12, 1863 - Skirmish at Stewartsborough
APRIL 12, 1863,-Skirmish at Stewartsborough, Tenn.
Report of Col. William W. Lowe, Fifth Iowa Cavalry.
FORT DONELSON, April 13, 1863.
Yesterday one company of the Fifth Iowa Cavalry, Capt. [D. A. ] Waters, of
Maj. Garrid's [?] command (now out seizing horses), had a highly successful
engagement with rebels, completely routing them, killing and wounding several, capturing 17 prisoners and 25 horses, besides arms, &c. Among the prisoners are Maj. Blanton, Capt. Lealer, of Cox's regiment, and the adjutant and
surgeon of Owen's battalion. This Blanton is the same who was captured during the winter by one of my scouting parties, and made his escape somewhere
north of Cairo.
W. W. LOWE, Col., Cmdg.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, p. 239.
April 12, 1863 - Confederate attack on a train near Franklin
•See April 10, 1863--Confederate attack on a train near Hermitage, on Cumberland River
April 12, 1863 - Federal suppression of the press in Memphis
SPECIAL ORDERS, No. 68., HDQRS. SIXTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Memphis, Tenn., April 12, 1863.
~~~
V. In pursuance of orders this day received from the major-general commanding department it is ordered that Lieut. Col. M. Smith, provost-marshal, forthwith cause the entire press of the City of Memphis to be suppressed. He will
take possession of the officers and material thereunto belonging, leaving the
same in safe custody, not to be used without orders from these headquarters.
The editors of the Bulletin newspaper, Messrs. Hough and Nabors, will be
immediately arrested and sent under guard to the headquarters of the commanding general by the first boat.
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April 1863 — Page 85
April 12, 1863
By order of Maj. Gen. S. A. Hurblut:
OR, Ser. II, Vol. 5, p. 476.
April 12, 1863 - Report on Confederate cavalry activity in "the Peninsula," from Liberty to
Lebanon
No circumstantial reports filed.
MURFREESBOROUGH, TENN., April 12, 1863—11 p. m.
Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Gen.-in-Chief:
The enemy's cavalry has returned in force into the Peninsula, from Liberty to
Lebanon. Gen. Burnside had better send down toward Tompkinsville a couple
of brigades, one of which, occupying Carthage, would give us two for advance
toward McMinnville. We only want our battery and cavalry horses, and the
return of our spare baggage, and we shall be ready to move; but I regard it as a
matter of great importance, if it can possibly be done, to send an expedition up
the Tennessee, making their first depot at Eastport, their second at Tuscumbia.
I have concerted with Hurlbut an expedition on Tuscumbia, and to cut the
Georgia Railroad. Sent 1,900 picked men. If this succeeds, rebels must be
driven into Georgia. River low and falling; weather fair.
W. S. ROSECRANS, Maj.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 232.
April 12, 1863 - Major-General Gordon Granger's proposes strategy to combat Confederate
Major-General Van Dorn
FRANKLIN, April 12, 1863.
Maj.-Gen. ROSECRANS:
My opinion is that if we move on Van Dorn with force enough to crush him, he
will scatter and run. If he has the stronger force and position, and is sure of
beating us, it is no use to drive him across Duck River, unless we have sufficient force on this flank to keep him there; otherwise he will return to near our
front, wherever that may be. This point is quite as far from our base as it is safe
to push troops, considering our communication with the base and center. You
do not seem to understand why it is so difficult to surprise and crush Van Dorn.
In the first place, he keeps every road and lane and hill-top for miles picketed;
the country people are his friends and are always ready to give information.
His policy is to fight when he is sure to win, and always run when his success
is doubtful. The nature of his troops, being mounted, without baggage or transportation, enables him to do this with great facility; besides, a portion of his
troops were [raised] here, and know every road and by path. If my force here
had always been sufficiently large to cope with and beat Van Dorn, he never
could have gained any advantage over us; but the truth is, I have been kept here
with a force about one-half as large as his, of new and inferior troops, working
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April 12, 1863
night and day on fortifications and doing arduous guard duty. When it becomes
necessary to punish or move against Van Dorn we are compelled to bring
troops from distant points, which, of course, becomes at once known to him.
He holds himself in readiness to run, and the golden opportunity is lost before
they arrive. In case we move against Van Dorn, and he gives us battle, I can
defeat him. I think it will amply pay for the needful movements and risk. I am
extremely anxious to whip Van Dorn, and settle up accounts with him contracted at Thompson's Station and Brentwood.
G. GRANGER, Maj.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 232-233.
April 12, 1863 - GENERAL ORDERS, No. 78, relative to tent allowance for the Army of the
Cumberland while in active field service
GENERAL ORDERS, No. 78. HDQRS. DEPT. OF THE CUMBERLAND,
Murfreesborough, Tenn., April 12, 1863.
The following allowance of tents is prescribed for the troops of this army, in
active service in the field:
For the headquarters of an army corps, division, or brigade, one wall tent for
the commanding general, and one for every two officers of his staff; for the
field and staff officers of every regiment, three wall tents; for the sick of every
regiment, one hospital tent; for regimental hospital stores, one wall tent; for
every company of infantry and cavalry, one wall tent; for every battery of artillery, two wall tents; for every commissioned line officer, one shelter tent; for
every two non-commissioned officers, soldiers, officers' servants, and authorized camp followers, one shelter tent.
There will be allowed for office purpose-for the headquarters of an army corps,
one hospital and four wall tents; for the headquarters of a division, four wall
tents; for the headquarters of a brigade, three wall tents.
Where regiments are supplied with other than wall tents, the allowance prescribed by this order for companies and for hospital stores will be retained
from the tents belonging to the regiment.
The allowance of tents to companies and batteries is prescribed, in order to
provide a place in which the company books and papers may be properly kept.
Cmdg. officers will, therefore, see that these tents are not used for any purpose
which will interfere with that contemplated in these orders.
All the tentage of this army, in excess of this allowance, will be immediately
packed and made ready for storage. Each tent will be plainly marked with the
name of the regiment to which it belongs, and packed in such a manner that the
mark can be readily seen.
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April 1863 — Page 87
April 12, 1863
By command of Maj.-Gen. Rosecrans
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 234.
April 12, 1863 - Major General W. S. Rosecrans' bad news for Andrew Johnson about his
son Robert
Murfreesboro, Apl 12th 1863
Gov And. Johnson
Nashville
Robert has been drinking so as to become a subject of remark everywhere. I
sent for him told him I wanted him to stop and he promised me he would. If he
keeps his word I will do all I can for him, but he is Junior to several other Colonels. It depends upon himself for he can distinguish himself if he will[.]
W. S. Rosecrans Maj Genl
Papers of Andrew Johnson, Vol. 6, p. 211.
April 12, 1863 - Brigadier General John Beatty's confession and word of warning to historians of the battle of Stones River
The historian who accepts these reports as reliable, and permits himself to be
guided by them through all the windings of a five-days' battle, with the expectation of finally allotting to each one of forty brigades the proper credit, will
probably not be successful. My report was called for late one evening, written
hastily, without having before me the reports of my regimental commanders,
and is incomplete, unsatisfactory to me, and unjust to my brigade.
Beatty, Citizen Soldier, p. 252.
April 12, 1863 - "Now Fannie Dear I will tell you of a scrape I got into which came very near
costing me dear." Frank M. Guernsey's letter to Fannie
Memphis, Tennessee
Ap. 12th, 1863
[Dear Fannie,]
I have just returned from church and have a few leisure moments which I will
devote to writing to you. We had the Episcopal form of service for the first
time since our regiment was organized. It went off first rate for the first time,
and I understand that our Chaplain proposes to use that form hereafter. I like it
very much there is a good deal of solemnity about it and then the Chaplain dont
have to preach so long sermons which I suppose makes it easier for him. The
Col. just steped in and said that there was a man from Wis who was going to
address the Regiment on some subject so I think I will close this for the present
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 12, 1863
and finish after the speech. I will then give you a history of a scrape I got into
last night and how it came out.
Monday eve Well the speech is made and a very good one it was too. He
talked to the boys on the subject of religion, and related many little stories to
the boys of what he had witnessed while going through the army as a colporter,
many of which brought tears to the eye of those who had endured the dangers
of our campaign without the least particle of emotion. I tell you Fanny that
when you talk even to us rough and hard hearted soldiers of the love and mercy
of Jesus, how he suffered and died for man, there is a power in it that tells after
he had finished speaking he distributed among the boys quite a large amount of
Tracts and Books which were gladly received I assure you.
Now Fannie Dear I will tell you of a scrape I got into which came very near
costing me dear. Night before last I together with Capt Hodges and Sergt.
Tabor went down to the theatre to see the play entitled Jack Sheppard, we did
not start from camp until late so that the play had commenced when I got there
the seats were nearly all taken so we three had to seperate and find seats where
we could. I finally succeeded in getting a seat on the end of a seat next to the
aisle the Capt. and Sergt. found seats about half way across the house from me.
we were soon all very deeply interested in the play and enjoying it very much.
I was watching the stage very earnestly when I was startled by the report of
revolver very close to me and an officer sitting on the end of the seat directly
opposite me fell over onto the floor, we were surrounded where we were sitting
by citizens, some one of whome had shot this officer as I thought. I jumped to
my feet and drew my revolver calculating to shoot the first person that I saw
make a motion, this was rather indiscreet in me as when the whole audience
jumped to their feet to look and see what was the matter there I stood like a
rock with my revolver in my hand ready to shoot the first man who said boo, or
made a motion, this fastened the suspicion of the deed on me and for a few
moments I was looked upon as the murderer sure. it was supprising to see how
quick nearly every man had a revolver in his hand ready to shoot poor Frank or
any other man, but I never was more cool and collected in my life laying at my
feet was an officer weltering in his gore, and turned on me was perhaps a thousand eyes flashing with anger just then Capt. Fox of Genl. Veatchs staff came
up and enquired of me what the cause of the rowe was. I told him in as few
words as possible all I knew of the matter and I suppose that my cool and collected manner disarmed him of all suspition he entertained in regard to me. He
however said he should order me under arrest and detain me until morning as
evidence, so the Sergt. of the guard was ordered to take me in custody and keep
me in durance vile, until the next morning. I was kindly provided with a bed
(by a fellow prisoner) on the floor in the morning I was breakfasted and upon a
statement of the facts of my case to the officer of the day I was released unconditionally. on arriving at camp I found the camp very much excited as they had
been informed by Capt. Hodges that I was arrested for murder, and was in the
Irvin Block, (the military prison). the Col. was just going down town to see
about my case when I went into his tent to report. he was very glad to see me
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 89
April 12, 1863
safe and sound but I presume I have wearied your patience by this long yarn, so
I will close, please give my best regards to your people and write soon, accept
much love and a dozen kisses from
Yours Affectionately
Frank M. Guernsey
P. S. I have recovered my health and shall go on duty tomorrow.
Guernsey Correspondence
April 12, 1863 - "He vowed I was the meanest girl he ever saw & he would not tell me anything else." An excerpt from the diary of Mary L. Pearre
It is so pleasant to retire to my room, that is to the sitting room. I sleep in there
this winter. It makes no difference [in] these war times. We have so few gentleman visitors and when these few happen to stay all night, I put them upstairs
above this room and retire to bedroom above Mags room.
I believe I started to say it was pleasant to sit here alone, to write, to read, or to
think. Just as I choose, with no one to disturb me.
Bro. Bob came home for a few minutes last night. Is spending the night here
tonight.
Will have to skidaddle by daylight. The "Yankees" are scouting around. Had
another near Franklin on Friday. He escaped again. Thank God for his goodness to us in sparing him.
Mag, my dear kind sister, her health I fear is gone. She has a chill every day
now, is quite sick tonight, has such a violent headache. I am really uneasy
about her. Her poor pale face and wasted form haunt me, even in my dreams.
She is the best friend I have. More like a Mother than a sister in her tender
kindness toward me, her only but wilfull and at times perverse sister.
I dare not think of the future if she were taken.
I will change this theme or tears will flow. I am so far from well myself. Yet I
sit up here of nights, sometimes until midnight. I cant sleep. If I do, am seeing
unpleasant visions or lie there half asleep, thinking vaguely of everything.
Sometimes, I fear I will go mad. I do very well during the day at school eight
hours and the rest of the time busy sewing, nursing, feeding the chickens, or
putting the house in order.
I lead a tolerable busy life. Arise at five or five thirty. Make up my bed, sweep
the room, dust the furniture, make my bed, bathe Bobby, and get him ready for
breakfast. Sometime set the table for Lottie. After breakfast, sew until 7:30,
then eight hours at school.
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April 13, 1863
Then come home am generally occupied or other until supper. After we have
eaten, spend an hour or two with Dotts, Mag & Mat & then steal off to her.
Brother Dotts often comes in and chats or read for an hour or so.
I have made but two visits in six weeks. Have no desire to go.
Bob Cotton called tonight. Had supper and stayed for an hour afterwards. Suspect he came to spend the night but found Bro. Bob here &changed his mind,
for he knows Bro. Bob does not like him. He says Bob C. is a liar & a hypocrite. Perhaps so. I know he is too fond of talking. He and I got into a dispute
tonight and I told him he talked too much. He said half justingly. Confound
you Mary! You are always lecturing me and telling me my faults.
After a while we got upon another subject in which he paid me some compliments. I have forgotten what. At which I pretended to be angry and retorted
with, ["]I dont thank you sir. I will not stand being 'confounded' and flattered
all together.["]
He jestingly reached his pistol towards me saying ["]here, take this and blow
my brains out if you wish—I coldly extended my hand to take it. He drew it
back saying, ["]I dont like the expression of your eyes. I believe you would as
lief shot as not.["] I told him yes, just for the sake of a new sensation, etc.
Yet after all his confidence and our long-long head and heart confabulations,
we are scarcely friends. I told him so tonight & that our intimacy was a mere
pretense and pastime.
He vowed I was the meanest girl he ever saw & he would not tell me anything
else. I told him I did not care what he thought of me. He could hate me if he
chose, etc., etc. He went off laughing.
Mary Pearre Diary
April 13, 1863 - Three Federal regiments sent to Rome to protect U. S. shipping on the Cumberland River
•See April 13, 1863-April 15, 1863-U. S. forces protect boats on Tennessee
River
April 13, 1863 - Skirmish near Chapel Hill
APRIL 13, 1863—Skirmish near Chapel Hill, Tenn.
Report of Brig. Gen. James B. Steedman, U. S. Army.
HDQRS. THIRD DIVISION, FOURTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Triune, Tenn.,
April 15, 1863.
COL.: The enemy have been remarkably reserved for the past four days. Two
companies of my cavalry, under the command of Lieut.-Col. [J. P. ] Brownlow,
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 91
April 13, 1863
went on the 13th within 2 miles of Chapel Hill, and attacked a forage train of
the enemy, killing 1 of the rebels and dispersing the guard; but before they succeeded in destroying the train, the approach of a body of the enemy's cavalry
forced them to retire.
The whole force of the enemy at Chapel Hill is one regiment of cavalry
([Josiah] Patterson's). There is a brigade of cavalry at Rover, under the command of Col. [A. A. ] Russell.
Van Dorn is quiet at Spring Hill, with his force.
In the destruction of property, under the order of Maj.-Gen. Stanley to his command to burn the houses of all citizens who have sons or near relatives in the
Confederate service, a large amount of forage was burned. On one plantation
(John E. Tulles'), a large barn, full of hay and oats, sufficient to have loaded 25
wagons, was burned. I sent a train yesterday for the forage, and the officer in
charge, Maj. Boynton, Thirty-fifth Ohio Volunteers, reports to me that the barn
and contents were destroyed. The major also reports to me that on several other
farms the forage had been burned by Gen. Stanley's cavalry. I do not suppose
that Gen. Stanley knew anything about the destruction of the forage, or that he
would have permitted it had he known that it was being done.
Everything is going on smoothly. My command is in excellent condition and
spirits.
Respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES B. STEEDMAN, Brig.-Gen., Cmdg. Third Division.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 239-240.
April 13, 1863 - Retaliatory actions against guerrillas and supporters, Franklin to Murfreesborough
No circumstantial reports filed.
FRANKLIN, April 13, 1863—8 a. m.
Maj.-Gen. ROSECRANS:
My troops are on the way back, by the direct road. I have given them orders to
retaliate for the attack on the train [at Antioch on the 10th]. I intend to burn
down every house that has a rebel member in Dick McCann's force. Will be at
Murfreesborough to-night.
D. S. STANLEY, Maj.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 236.
April 13, 1863 - Plea to Confederate Secretary of War for release of prisoner of war from
Maury County
COLUMBIA, TENN., April 13, 1863.
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April 13, 1863
Hon. JAMES A. SEDDON, Secretary of War.
DEAR SIR: Under ordinary circumstances I would not intrude upon your valuable time, but I am constrained from a sense of duty to ask your attention to a
few words in relation to a worthy citizen, a neighbor of mine. To be brief, Dr.
Joseph E. Dixon, a citizen of Maury County, Tenn., was taken prisoner at
Donelson and was released, being surgeon. He returned to his home in this
country then in the enemy's lines, reported himself to Gen. Negley, in command of the Federal forces, and in some fifteen or twenty days Gen. Negley
gave him a pass to go to Richmond and Doctor Dixon went via Huntsville, Ala.
There he reported himself to Gen. Buell and received a pass to Decatur, but
when next morning it was reported that fighting was going on in the neighborhood of Decatur and he called to have his route changed and Gen. Buell being
out, Gen. Rousseau gave him a pass to go by way of Battle Creek to Chattanooga. With this pass he arrived upon Battle Creek and unfortunately for him a
battle was expected there and Gen. McCook, in command of the Federals,
complained to Gen. Buell of Gen. Rousseau for granting said pass and Gen.
Buell him arrested and sent to Johnson's Island, where he has been confined
ever since, now seven or eight months. I have the facts upon reliable information. Doctor Dixon was surgeon of the Ninth Battalion of Tennessee Cavalry,
commanded by Lieut.-Col. Gantt. He was released as a surgeon while his battalion was still in prison and was on his way to report to his Government and
with the pass of the Federal general in his possession. There have been several
general jail deliveries since his imprisonment but he seems to be forgotten. His
wife and family and friends are in deep distress. I beg leave to suggest for your
consideration that you make a special demand for his case and if possible that
you have him released.
With my best wishes for your official and personal success, I am, your friend,
JAMES H. THOMAS.
[First indorsement.]
Is not this the case in reference to which Mr. Ould made a report to the Secretary of War?
[Second indorsement.]
APRIL 28, 1863.
Respectfully referred to Hon. R. Ould.
By order of the Secretary of War:
J. A. CAMPBELL, Assistant Secretary of War.
[Third indorsement.]
OFFICE EXCHANGE OF PRISONERS, Richmond, Va., April 30, 1863.
Respectfully returned.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 93
April 13, 1863
The case of Surg. J. E. Dixon will receive special attention. I have already
made a report to the Secretary of War in this case.
RO. OULD, Agent of Exchange.
[Fourth indormsent.]
Answer that the special attention of Col. Ould, agent, &c., has been directed to
the case of Surgeon Dixon.
OR, Ser. II, Vol. 5, pp. 927-928.
April 13, 1863 - Letter from Lafayette McDowell in the Army of Tennessee at Tullahoma to
his sister Amanda in White County, relating conditions in the army
Tullahoma, Tennessee
April 13, 1863
Dear Sister:
I send a letter every chance but received nothing from you. Polly Morris says
she will go to see you and take this letter, and I know of another she will have
to take. Tell Pollie Stone so if you see her.
I suppose Mrs. Camron had heard that we were all starving to death. You never
saw such a load of provisions in your life as they all brought down. I live well
enough these times. I have wished many times I had not written for anything
and should not have done so only that Mr. Shugart told me you had more four
than you had any use for and I have to buy here. If Mr. Shugart comes down,
you can send the flour at least and anything else you please but don't send anything that will spoil. All the people are sending provisions which they always
do when we are starved. We will fight here before long, which may cause us to
move, but I believe it will be forward. I do not calculate a hard battle for our
regt. this time. As we had the hardest place before, we are apt to have the easiest this time.
I do not feel very uneasy for us this time. But of one thing you may be sure, if
the Yankees are able to hold us half a fight, it will be the greatest battle ever
fought in the south, for this army in its present condition could fight three times
the force we fought at Murfreesboro as easy as we fought them there. I never
saw an army in such trim. The Gens. may easily say we are ready for a fight.
I shall as much as possible keep my business so arranged as to place what I am
able to own at your disposal in case of accident. If the time should come that
you should have to live without me, remember that raising your support on a
very small scale is worth more than all the wages you can ever earn. The main
object is [to] live during the war, which you easily do by raising all you can
this summer with he start you have. I shall not make money hereafter (unless I
am promoted). As for an honest watch or horse trade now and then as I used to
make, I acknowledge rascally speculators have shamed me out of countenance.
None but a rascal can trade to any advantage here. So I give up the chase. I
Page 94 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 14, 1863
want to hear from Father to know what he has done with the money I left at
home and that I sent by Mr. Shugart. In my last I spoke of being out of money,
but I now have more, having collected some I had loaned. Uncle Jeff owes me
$200 yet, which I can get when Capt. Dibrell comes back; at the end of this
month, if I have luck, I shall have $300 to dispose of some way. It will take
$100 for my expenses until my next draw, I mean from the time of this one at
the end of this month, or at least I shall retain that amount in my pocket. With
the rest I desire to pay what may remain unpaid of Father's debts. What is then
left I desire to spend for valuable property at even high expense
Diary of Amanda McDowell.
April 13, 1863 - April 15, 1863 - U. S. forces protect boats on Tennessee River
CARTHAGE, TENN., April 15, 1863.
Brig. Gen. JAMES A. GARFIELD,
Chief of Staff, Army of the Cumberland, Murfreesborough, Tenn.:
I sent three regiments to Rome day before yesterday to protect the boats by that
point. They returned by way of Middleton yesterday morning. They came upon
the enemy there in force; skirmishing ensued without much result on either
side.
~~~
I have a secret expedition between here and Gallatin. I have but one boat
(Fisher) here. I cannot send it to Nashville until some boat takes its place. The
river is rising, and probably this will be the last opportunity to get supplies here
by water. My requisitions for the necessary supplies have been sent. Will there
be any cavalry here soon? When will the gunboats be sent here? We need them.
Respectfully,
GEORGE CROOK, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 240.
April 14, 1863 - Lt. A. J. Lacy's letter to his father in Jackson County
Maury Co Tenn April the 14th 63
Dear Father,
I this evening take the opportunity of droping you a few lines. I want to see
your verry badly but I dont expect to at home shortly if ever. We just landed
here from Florence, Ala today about 12 o'clock. Wee are camped 10 mi from
Franklin on the Collumbia Pike. There is supposed to be about 10000 Yankees
there. There is about 8000 Southern Cavalry here I expect in this neighborhood. The pickets is fiting evry day.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 95
April 14, 1863
General Forest, General Wheeler, and General Vandorn General Armstrong
and Gn Starnes is all here. They had a battle the other day and the Yankees captured General Forest battery and they recaptured the battery and when they saw
that it was a going to be recaptured they Yankees shot the Capt of the battery,
Capt Freeman one of the bravest men that wee had. Wee will have a pretty tight
time shortly for our commanders is what will fight and they have the men that
will fight also.
I will change the subject. If you can Ridley Drapers coat, send it to me as quick
as you can. Uniform buttons is worth 40 dollars a set here. Write evry chance
you have. I sent you a list of my travels by Parson Witt that is my ramble from
the time I left home. If you cant get that coat try to get the buttons. I must
close. This leave me well and I hope that it will find you enjoying the same.
From A. J. Lacy to Wm Kezia and Elisabeth Lacy
I dont expect to be at home before the war ends if I live and if I die I never will
be home.
Lacy Correspondence.
April 14, 1863 - "We have the medical supplies at the Purveyor's office, but can not have
them distributed to the different commands without bottles." Confederate
women provide bottles to the Eighth Tennessee Regiment of Tennessee
Volunteers
FROM THE EIGHTH TENNESSEE.
Hd-Qrs Med Dept., 8th Regt. [sic] Tenn. Vol.
Camp near Tullahoma, Tenn., April 14, 1863
Mr. N. O. Wallace:
Sir—Please permit me to return my sincere thanks, and the thanks of the Dep't,
to the following named persons for the valuable contributions of vials and bottles to me for the Medical Department of Wright's Brigade, Cheatham's Division:
Mrs. Thos. Phelps, 8 vials and bottles; Miss Sue Robertson, 12; Mrs. J. S. Bedford, 8; Mrs. Alex Edens, 12; Mark Whitaker, 5; Mrs. James Holman, 3; Mrs.
Felix Waggoner, 20; Mrs. Wm. Tulley, 10; Mrs. T. P. Green, 30; Mrs. E. J.
Motlow, 25; Mrs. B. H. Berry, 10; Mrs. M. A. Dance, 30; John A. Motlow, 15;
Mrs. Thos Shaw, 6; Mrs. S. Hinkle, 7; Mrs. John Bird, 12; Mrs. Mary Price, 3;
Miss E. Blythe, 6; Mrs. S. J. Green, 14; Mrs. J. W. M. Dance, 21; Mrs. Wm.
Stone, 1; Mrs. Susan Dusenberry, 6—making the respectable aggregate of 357.
Much good might be accomplished in this way. We have not the glassworks in
the Confederacy and can not get the bottles and vials except from our homes,
and unless we obtain them or soldiers in the field will suffer for the needed
medical supplies. We have the medical supplies at the Purveyor's office, but
can not have them distributed to the different commands without bottles.
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 14, 1863
Nearly all families have bottles and vials throwing around and being broken
up—save them by all means, for I fear we shall have to call on the people of
Lincoln county again before the war is over, and I am sure I have ever found
them ready and willing to do all in their power to aid the soldiers who are battling for the rights of the South. Lincoln county has almost fed the Army of
Tennessee for four or five months, and if she has half a chance will be ready to
winter the army again next winter.
Go to, my Lincoln—bad name, but a good county, true and loyal to the South.
Very respectfully,
S. E. H. DANCE, Surgeon 8th Reg[iment]'t Tenn. Vols.
Fayetteville Observer, April 23, 1863.
April 14, 1863 - Bacon solicited in Knoxville
BACON WANTED.
Subsistence Department,
Knoxville, April 14, 1863
I wish to purchase a large amount of good Bacon. If desired, a portion of salt
will be exchanged at the cost price to the government.
Parker Campbell, Captian & A. C. C. S.
Knoxville Daily Register, April 18, 1863.
April 14, 1863 - April 17, 1863 - The John Waggoner murder trial, an example of civil justice
in Civil War Nashville
•See January 2, 1863--Report on the murder of “Poor Waggoner.”
Criminal Court.
~~~
State vs. Beverly alias Bose Haley—Murder.
It will be remembered that the prisoner is accused of the murder of the Rev. T.
J. Waggoner on the 20th day of December, 1862. While the Jury was being
empanelled, Will. G. Brien, Esq., counsel for the defence, informed the Court
that several of his witnesses were not present, and that he should move for an
attachment and forfeiture unless they presented themselves Wednesday morning.
The indictment being read, the witnesses were called and sworn, after which
the Court adjourned to this morning at 8 o'clock.
Nashville Dispatch, April 15, 1863.
TRIAL OF BERVERLY alias BOSE HALEY.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 97
April 14, 1863
For the Murder of Rev. Thos. J. Waggoner.
Criminal Court.
Before Hon. N. N. Brien, Judge.
Wednesday, April 15. - The Court met according to adjournment; after the
reading of the minutes, the case of Beverley alias Bose Haley, charged with the
murder of Rev. T. J. Waggoner, was called up, the first witness examined was:
Thomas Hobson—Was acquainted with T. J. Waggoner; he is dead. Witness
lives two miles beyond Mr. Waggoner's residence, on the same road. Between
3 and 4 o'clock on the morning after Mr. Waggoner was killed, a runner came
from him. He started from home before daylight, and reached the house of Mr.
Waggoner about daybreak. He found then three gentlemen, and the four went
to the room where the negroes slept, and found Mr. Waggoner dead. He was
shot in the chin, just under the lip. Witness was the first who took hold of him
after he was dead. Mr. Waggoner was killed in December—does not know the
day of the month. There were only three white persons living in the house, M.
Waggoner, his wife, and his daughter, Mr. Jackson. Mrs. Waggoner had been
speechless and helpless from paralysis for some month and is still in that condition. There were several negro servants on the premises. When witness
reached the house, he found a horse with cavalry saddle and bridle on, hitched
near the front of the house. He appeared to have been hard ridden the night
before, having become lathered and his hair rumpled considerably. Witness
knows Haley, the prisoner at the bar and supposes he lives in Nashville. The
distance between Nashville and Mr. Waggoner's house is seven miles; a man
could ride there in thirty or fourty minutes. The house has two fronts. The pike
runs north and south. There is a hall on the east front and another on the north
front. There are two L's to the house with a basement under each; in one of
these the negroes sleep. They are all connected under the same roof. Going
from Mr. Waggoner's room to where he was killed, was from the road. Near the
middle of the floor of the kitchen was a trundle bed; over this Mr. Waggoner
was lying dead with his feet on the floor on one side of it, and his face on the
floor on the other side. Cross examined by W. C. Brien—Does not know who
killed Mr. Waggoner. Direct examination resumed—The horse was brought to
town on Sunday morning by Hon Judge Whitsworth and myself. He was put in
a stable. Saw Lieut Irwin and Col. Truesdail on the subject. The latter took possession of the horse, saddle, and bridle witness believes.
Mrs. Jackson—is a daughter of T. Waggoner, who is dead. His age was 55
years on the 2d day of last July. On the 20th of December last, between the
hours and 9 and 1 at night some one came and knocked at the back door. Her
father got up and was putting on his shoes when the person outside demanded
that the door be opened immediately. His father therefore got a light and
opened the door when two men came in and said they had authority to search
the house for arms and papers, and demanded that they be produced. My father
gave them a box, which they searched, and then went to witness's room which
the searched, examining her trunk, and taking therefrom a pocket book. They
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 14, 1863
then demanded that all private papers be produced and threatened to kill my
father unless he produced them immediately. Witness then got up and told
them they had no papers other than had already been given them, and begged
them to desist. They then inquired about other rooms up stairs. Witness told
them there were rooms up stirs, containing trunks with her brother's clothes,
some wine, jellies, etc. The demanded some wine, and it was brought down,
and four or five others came from the outside and drank, they first insisted on
my father drinking some to assure them that it was not poison we were giving
them. They then went to the bed of which my mother-in-law was asleep, and
ordered that she should be removed. Witness said that was impossible, and
assured them that there was nothing concealed in the bed. Then, they asked
witness's father what was concealed in the bed, and he told them his money
was there, took it out, and gave it to them—about $370 and begged them now
that they had obtained all they wanted, to depart. The person who was most
officious pretended to be indignant at the insinuation that they came there for
money, and said her father would have to go with them. He had nothing to fear
if he was all right, as they would see, that he was properly treated. Said they
would send a carriage for witness in the morning. They professed to be Southern troops, and threatened witness's father should have affair trial. Her father
then went out to tell the negroes he was going, and to instruct them to take care
of the family while he was gone. As they were preparing to go, one of them
missed his horse and accused witness' father of taking him away. Witness then
prepared to go out to call the negro man, but was stopped at the door, the candle rudely taken from her, and she was ordered back to her room, one of them
saying "she will betray us." Witness soon after heard a shot, and thought she
heard her father speak. They all went off, and soon after she heard a horse waling about the house; afterward she heard some one waling about the porch, and
directly after discovered it to be John; who told her that her father was dead.
Witness then went for Judge Whitworth, and the Judge and another person
came to the house. Afterward Mr. Hobson came. Her father, mother, and self
were the only white persons in the house. Her mother was helpless. Two soldiers came in, one of whom had a gun; the other remained outside. I know one
of them—the one is the prisoner at the bar; he was in the house, representing
himself as an officer; he had on a dark overcoat. A week or so after the death of
her father, witness went to the jail, for the purpose of seeing if she could identify any one of five prisoners there. They were brought out two and two, and
then one. She identified the prisoner the moment she saw him. While at the
house, the prisoner said he knew Mr. Waggoner as well as any man, but that
her father did not know him; that he also knew witness. Her father had lived
there 26 years. The prisoner was not the man who took the candle from her.
Prisoner did all the talking—took all the money, and put it in his side pocket.
Witness did not miss her money until the next morning. The other man with
prisoner felt around the bed, but said very little. Heard Haley speak while in
jail, and although he seemed to try to change his voice, she recognized it as that
of the person who represented himself to be the officer on the night her father
was killed. She noticed officer standing—he was about the same height as pris-
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 99
April 14, 1863
oner. Her father was killed Saturday night, the 20th of December, in Davidson
county. The house is enclosed and is about 100 yards from the public road.
There are four or five other houses on the same road before reaching town.
Does not know which way the parties came. The horse witness spoke of
remained about the house until morning, and is the same that Mr. Hobson saw
and brought to town. After leaving the house they went up the pike, from the
city—don't know how far. Saw no weapon on the prisoner, but the other man
had a gun. Does not know if the Cumberland river was fordable. Prisoner had
whiskers and moustache.
Cross-examined by W. G. Brien—Lives seven miles from town. The prisoner
had on a dark overcoat—the other had a sky blue overcoat. There were five
brought in jail, among whom she recognized the prisoner. This took place
about a week or two after the murder. Does not know who the horse belonged
to. The prisoner. - tried to change his voice in jail—it was slightly changed.
Does not know the precise height of the man, in feet and inches—did not measure him—he was about medium height, the other taller. They were in the
house perhaps an hour and a half or two hours—the clock stopped while they
were there—saw one of them open and look into it. Witness did not see her
father until morning. The pike was rather rough from Nashville to her home.
Mrs. May Waggoner—Knew Mr. T. J. Waggoner; was not in the house at the
time of the death of Mr. W., but went there next morning, after the body was
removed. He was wounded on the chin; the ball entered there, and came out the
back of his head. Heard a report of a pistol shot about 11 o'clock on the night of
the murder. Lives a mile and a half or two from there.
Thos. Hicks—Is acquainted with Waggoner; was never at the house, but knew
the road, and had been at the plantation—had known him six or seven years.
Waggoner went to town frequently. Witness lives about a mile and a half from
town, on the pike heading from Mr. Waggoner's house. Remembers the night
of the murder, saw Judge Whitworth and Mr. Hobsen coming to town the next
morning with a horse. The night before, witness saw eight or twelve men
riding out towards Me. Waggoner's between 8 and 10 o'clock - not positive as
to the number of men, or the precise time of night; they were riding very fast,
faster than on a common lope. He was sitting at the window. He could not
describe their dress. The Cumberland river was fordable, as he thinks, at that
time; knows it was along in [the] fall. There are six or eight houses between the
housed of witness and Mr. Waggoner.
The prosecution here rested, and the defence introduced
Jos. Cheatham, who, being sworn, testified that he knew the defendant
Haley—saw him the night before he was arrested; does not know whether it
was Sunday night; thinks it was before Christmas. Remembers when Charley
JonesNOTE 1 was shot, and thinks he saw the prisoner the night before, between
11 and 12 o'clock, he thinks; it was his business to watch him being in the
Police Department.
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 14, 1863
ReddickNOTE 2 called his attention to him; Reddick was watching Thatcher's at
the time. Witness heard the parties' names who went to Waggoner's, as
reported, and thanks he was watching Haley on the night of the murder; was
vigilant, commenced watching him at 7 o'clock and continued until between 11
and 12 o'clock; was watching between two and three weeks; heard Haley was
arrested, and remarked that he could not have killed Waggoner, as he was
watching him.
Cross-examined by Attorney General—Was engaged to watch Bose Haley and
his crowd, Haley was the foremen of the gang; was watching him particularly.
Thinks Haley was arrested the day after the murder; does not know the night he
did not see him—there were very few [days] on which he did not see him;
heard he was arrested [illegible] and expressed the belief that Haley could not
have committed the murder, as witness was watching him at the very time the
murder was said to have taken place. Saw him go into Van Lieu's,NOTE 3 21
Cedar street, and come out, go up Cherry to Union street, then into the alley by
the bank, back to Van Lieu's, and staid there probably three hours; did not see
him after he went in, about half after 10 o'clock; never carries a watch—gives
the time from his judgment. Does not know the day of the week, or month, this
took place, but thinks it was in December—thinks before Christmas. Thinks
Haley lived here; has seen him about here six or eight months. Is not
acquainted with Waggoner, and does not know if the river was fordable. Haley
came here about the time the Federal army came here; he was the ringleader of
a crowd. Sometimes he would not leave home. Witness was up almost every
night till 12 or 1 o'clock; and sometimes all night. Witness remembers having
told Capt. D.,NOTE 4 and thinks Ingals, about seeing Haley that night. Saw
Haley go into Van Lieu's after 10, and heard his voice as late at 12 o'clock midnight.
J. B. Reddick sworn—Has known Haley since he was four years old—twentytwo years ago. Remembers that on the Saturday night before Christmas he was
watching for Dr. Thatcher and others, and employed by the Corporation. On
that night he saw Haley, in company with four others, about 7 o'clock, going up
Cherry street Haley returned in half an hour, in company with Cheesy; same
night saw Haley and Cheesy come out of Van Lieu's, and go up Cedar street,
and across the Square to the City Hotel; they then went toward Market street,
and afterward recrossed the Square, and down Cedar street to Van Lieu's, at
about 8 o'clock; out again through Cedar street. Returned, and saw Haley at 11
o'clock, standing at the door of Van Lieu's. Did not see Cheesy. Never saw
Haley with whiskers. Men sometimes wear false whisker—had a pair on twice
that night. Was watching Haley because the Mayor requested him to do so. Van
Lieu's house is near Thatcher's. Does not know the day of the month. Did not
see him every night, and does not know where he was arrested; missed him off
the street, and knew he was arrested, but does not know the day. Saw him
almost every night late. Heard of the murder the next day after having seen
Haley at Van Lieu's at 1 o'clock. Cheatham did not remain, but came to him
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 101
April 14, 1863
frequently. Cheatham said he had been with the party, in disguise. Cheesy is a
little over 6 feet high, and thinks Haley is about 5 feet 10 or 11 inches—not so
tall as Cheesy. Does not know where Cheesy is—has seen none of the party
since the murder; heard Samuels had been sent to Camp Chase. Re-examined
by Mr. Brien—Was watching Haley and his party particularly that night, and
heard of the murder the next day.
Nelson Lowery sworn—Is acquainted with Haley, his half brother. Does not
recollect seeing him on Saturday night previous to Christmas; was tight. Does
not recollect the night Charley Jones was shot—was on a pretty big bust about
that time.
Mrs. Haley sworn—Is mother of the defendant, who sleeps in her house; slept
at home on the Saturday night before Christmas—on that night he was out until
11 or 12 o'clock, then he came home and went to bed; their bed rooms adjoin
each other, with a door between them. Had not asleep when her son came
home; he did not go out again. Her son never wore whiskers—they were about
as large as ever they were. There was any amount of furniture there that night,
so that he would have to pass through her room to get out. The furniture was
brought here by Martha Reese, when her house was torn down.
Cross examined by the Attorney General - Has lived in Nashville over thirty
years; now lives near the old brewery on Cherry street, near Jefferson, near a
mile from the Square; does not recollect what time her son came in on Friday,
Thursday, or Wednesday night previous to the Saturday named; did not make
any interest in nothing the time before they, suppose the Saturday night before
Christmas was the 20th. Her son was arrested on Monday. On Saturday night
he came through her room to his own. He slept with a lady in the adjoining
room her name is Ann Phillips—she boarded with witness; they are not married; witness has no other lady staying at her house. Her brother was in another
room; he is sickly, and witness has taken care of him for nine years. The hall
leading out of her son's room was fastened up, and filled with furniture. Her
son left home about 7 o'clock, and was out four or five hours; does not know
where he had been. Her son was raised here. He came home about 6 o'clock on
Sunday, and remained home all night. There was a clock in the house; on Saturday night it struck 10 or 11, and was an hour too slow. In reply to a question
from Mr. Brien, witness stated that she was uneasy on the Saturday night
alluded to because her son was out later than usual, and therefore took notice of
the time.
Miss Ann Phillips sworn—Lives on Cherry street, near Jefferson, with Mrs.
Haley—is not related to her; was at Mrs. Haley's on the 20th [of] December;
the prisoner slept with her there that night; is not married to the prisoner; he
came home on that night between 11 and 12 o'clock, and witness slept with
him the remainder of the night. He usually knocked at her window, and she
would let him in.
Cross examined by Attorney General—has been sleeping with him nearly a
year; has not slept with any one else since Bose was put in jail. Witness got up
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 14, 1863
and let him in on the Saturday night, opening the door leading to Aunt Polly's
room. Haley slept with her on Tuesday night, but does not know what time he
came in, nor on the previous night. Haley was arrested on Monday; does not
know what for. He has slept with her every night—only missed two nights in
the year; never stayed out later than 10, always came home between 10 and 11;
he was not at out at all on Sunday night; has known him since she was a child;
was raised in this city, and has lived with Mrs. Haley not more than two years.
John S. Wood, sworn—saw a party of men in North Nashville between 8 and 9
o'clock; there were six or seven of them—counted six; they were dressed in
Federal uniform, one of them with an officer's overcoat, dark or black; Charles
Blake, of Stokes's Cavalry, wore the overcoat alluded to, witness enlisted him
in the service; he was from Cincinnati, Ohio, and was about 5 feet 10 or 11
inches height- medium height; the men were all on horsebadk, with Government or cavalry saddles. Blake had no whiskers—always shaved clean—did
not notice that night whether he had whiskers or not. Blake deserted that night,
with several other members of Capt. Julian's company, same regiment; the last
time he heard of him was in Chicago. Wash was young and tall, and had on a
sky-blue overcoat; he deserted the same night with Blake. Witness was going
towards home when he met the party; had with him a gallon of brandy, some
sardines, oysters, a box of cigars, crackers, with them on the corner of Vine and
Jefferson streets. Witness asked where they were going, and they told him they
were on duty; they had the countersign; it was necessary to have the picket
countersign in order to get out of Nashville. I saw six men; Bose Haley was not
in that crowd; knew him. Cross examined by Attorney General—Lives a mile
and three quarters from the Square—more than a mile—on West Jefferson
street, four hundred yards from the corner of Vine and Jefferson streets. Came
here with the Federal array; was in Texas in 1858; in New Mexico two years
ago, on account of his being a minor; his mother left Texas in 1855 to go to
Carlisle, Pa. Ran away from home when 4 years old, and went with the soldiers
to California, New Mexico, etc. Served as a teamster, from Leavenworth to
New Mexico. Ran away from his mother at St. Louis, where his mother was
staying at the time; she came from Brooklyn, N. Y. His father was in the regular army at Jefferson Barracks; does not know where his mother went to from
St. Louis, his father died in 1855; thinks his mother was at Carlisle, Pa. when
he was discharged for being a minor in New Mexico. Volunteered at Harrisburg, and was 1st Lieutenant in a Pennsylvania cavalry regiment. Was not
commissioned in that regiment; left it and joined Stokes's cavalry; was not discharged, only by the Colonel; joined Stokes as a private, and was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant, and placed on recruiting service; is not much
acquainted with this country; he enlisted Wash and Blake; after they deserted,
it was discovered that they were deserters from an Ohio regiment—the 10th;
was not recruiting deserters; he married in Nashville the latter part of December 1862; married a sister of Tom Harris; is now in Government employ; left
Stokes's cavalry on the 9th of Feb., for disobedience of orders—was discharged. Stokes's cavalry was encamped two miles South of Nashville on Saturday, the 20th Dec. Witness came to town from regiment in an ambulance:
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 103
April 14, 1863
either Col. Stokes or Adjutant Murphy gave him the countersign—witness told
Blake that he had forgotten it; Blake gave it to him. He was going to have a
storm partyNOTE 5 at Mrs. Carter's—had several ladies and friends for the
party—his wife was not there—was not married then—it was a private spree—
a storm spree—had the spree. It was about 8 o'clock when he was at the trestle
work. Wash was recruited—either before or after Blake; was not on duty; Wash
was about the same size as Blake—tall as witness, or very near his height,
thinks Blake about as slender as witness, and Wash a slender man; of the others, one was rather small, and the others about medium size; there were several
Irish men among them, but could not tell the names of any of the others - he
was thinking about his spree and did not trouble himself much about them.
Bade them good night and departed; does not know where they went - went
toward Dr. Cheatham's. Brought his brandy at Cheatham's corner of Church
and College streets; paid $8 for the brandy and $3 for the cigars; does not know
who was there. Told Mayor Smith that Samuels and Charley Williams were at
the party that night. Samuels did not ask him to give the countersign; does not
know that Samuels had it. Did not hear that Charly Jones was killed until the
Monday or Tuesday following. He returned to his regiment a few days after to
get his clothes add some papers. Was not particularly friendly with Haley—
told Attorney General that Haley was a friend of his; spoke to him twice before
the murder—nodded to him when they met, like gentleman do, frequently If he
said that Haley was a particular friend of his, he did not remember it; there
were six men in all, on horseback, dark colored horses—does not know
whether bay; or sorrel—not cream or gray—too dark to see—does not know
what kind of horses the others rode. Re-examined by Mr. Brien. There was
some difference between Blake and Wash, but does not know how much, in
size. Haley had been badly treated by some members of the 1st Middle Tennessee regiment, who wounded him in his head and broke his arm. The evidence
will be resumed tomorrow
Nashville Dispatch, April 16, 1863.
NOTE 1: Not identified.
NOTE 2: Bill Reddick, apparently a Nashville police officer or private investigator.
NOTE 3: A saloon on Cedar street.
NOTE 4: Apparently a Nashville police officer or private investigator.
NOTE 5: This term's definition is not known.
TRIAL OF BEVERLY alias BOSE HALEY.
For the Murder of Rev. Thos. J. Waggoner.
(continued)
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 14, 1863
Criminal Court.
Before Hon. M. M. Brien, Judge.
The crowd of spectators was great yesterday and Wednesday, the public seemingly taking a deep interest in the proceedings, and very naturally, for this was
a murder most foul and diabolical, one that will long retain a place in the memories of those who know the circumstances of its committal, and which tradition will carry down to posterity with others of like nature and heinousness.
Below we resume the evidence taken on Wednesday, for which we had no
room in yesterday's issue:
Mr. Van Lieu sworn—Has seen defendant, and remembers the time when
Charley Jones was shot; it was on Friday night, about 8 o'clock. Witness saw
Haley at his saloon, on Cedar street, the next night, and was in company with
him there an hour and a half—say between half-past 8 and 10 o'clock. Charley
Jones was killed before Christmas, four or five days.
Cross-examined by Attorney-General—Has been acquainted with Haley for
several years; witness keeps an eating saloon, and Haley frequently goes there
almost every night; Haley was there the night after Charley was shot; they
were laughing and talking, and joking about things; cannot remember if Haley
was there on Thursday. Does not remember to have told any one about Haley
being at his house on Saturday night of the murder of Mr. Waggoner.
D. H. Bose sworn—Has not heard any of the evidence—saw the prisoner
between 7 and 8 o'clock on Saturday, the 20th December, on Cedar street. The
clock struck 8 soon after witness saw him.
Cross examined by Attorney General Remembers the circumstance in connection with the killing of Mr. Waggoner; has known Haley for some time—also
his family was friendly with them—with Mrs. Haley as much as any woman.
El'r Horn sworn—Knows defendant—has known him twenty-five years; does
not remember the date of Mr. Waggoner's death; about that time witness saw
Haley near every night; on one night he saw him with a tall fellow on Cedar
street; it was about the time Jones was killed; does not remember whether he
saw him on Saturday night before Christmas. In reply to a question from the
Attorney General; witness said he thought he saw him on Saturday night
before Christmas. In reply to a question from Attorney-General, witness said
he thought he saw the prisoner the night Jones was shot.
Richard Wilson sworn—Is clerk in Van Lieu's—heard of the death of Mr. Waggoner two days after it occurred. Two days before this witness saw Haley in the
evening. On Saturday night, was very busy, the crowd being very great, does
not remember to have seen him.
Cross-examined—Was there the night Mr. Waggoner was killed; does not
remember to have been Haley that night. Has known Haley about three years.
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April 1863 — Page 105
April 14, 1863
S. M. Cross sworn—Cannot say if he saw Haley on the Saturday night before
Christmas; is clerk in Van Lieu's saloon; was in there the night after Jones was
shot—about 9 or 10 o'clock.
The defence here closed, and the Attorney General called
Thomas Hobson, who testified that he knew the General character of Mary
Jackson, and would believe her under oath—she is an excellent lady.
Thomas Hicks testified to the same effect. Three other witnesses were not sufficiently acquainted with Mrs. Jackson to form an opinion.
Capt. Baugh—Was not acquainted with Annie Phillips, nor with John S.
Wood—Knew Mrs. Haley—here character was bad—would not believe her
under oath. Thought Cheatham's character bad. Would believe Bell Reddick
under oath, if he was not interested.
W. H. Wilkinson—Is acquainted with Mrs. Haley—her character is bad—
would not her full credit in a Court of justice. Annie Phillips is a prostitute—
does not know anything else.
John S. Ingalls—Knows Mrs. Haley—she keeps a house of prostitution; would
not believe her under oath.
William Jackson—Knew nothing.
John Chumbly, City Marshal—Has seen Annie Phillips a time or two—does
not know her reputation for truth; she lives with Mrs. Haley. Mrs. Haley has a
bad character—would not believe here. Knows John S. Wood—would not
believe him. Thinks Bill Reddick may be believed.
The above was all the testimony.
The Attorney-General reviewed the evidence for the State, tracing the progress
of the party from Nashville to the house of the murdered man; connecting all
the circumstances examining the character of the witnesses for the State and
for the defence, and maintaining that the straightforward evidence and good
character of the witnesses on behalf of the State, entitled them to implicit
belief, while the testimony.
Of the witnesses for the defence was much of it unreliable and contradictory.
Wm. G. Brien opened for the defence by answering the arguments of the Attorney-General, and comparing the array of evidence in favor of his client with
that introduced by the sate for the prosectrtion. He asked the Jury to reverse the
testimony, and suppose that all his witnesses, who had known his client for
many years, and some during his whole life, had sworn that Haley had committed the murder—had seen him commit the deed; and this defence, and the
guilty go clear. You are to be the judges of the testimony as well as the cause.
You are to judge of the witnesses from their manner, appearance, sense, &c.
There are several ways to discredit a witness: By the way and manner by which
he deposes, by contradicting him, and by calling his neighbors, who, from a
knowledge of his general character, could not believe him. The first, as to Mrs.
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 14, 1863
Jackson: Is she to be believed? Her neighbors say her general character is
good, and she is entitled to full credit. Then can you believe her and giver her
full credit? Then from this, has defendant's witnesses been discredited, or any
of them? If any are discredited, you are to disregard the testimony of all such
witnesses
The Judge then alluded to the different witnesses in illustration of his meaning,
and stated that if a witness was discredited on one point, he must not be
believed on any—his entire evidence must go for naught. He quoted numerous
authorities, and made everything as plainly as possible, concluding by recommending the Jury to weigh all the facts before them, and bring in a verdict after
due deliberation.
The Judge retired at four o'clock, when the Court proceeded to examine the
docket, and to declare a nolle prosequi in the case of all persons in jail against
whom no indictments had been found. The following were ordered to be discharged from custody:
Wm. Bell, Tom King, Pat Kelly, Pat Robinson, John Maloney, W. S. Tuffy,
Harris, a slave, Richard Brown, M. Redmen, M. Barker, N. Ensely, Tom, slave,
accused of larceny, Nimrod, a slave, burglary. John Watkins, slave, rape Morrell, slave rape and larceny. Wm. Ryan, murder. Wm Morris, murder and arson.
Sam Starling, robbery and arson.
The jury returned into Court at 5 o'clock asking instructions as to the precise
time at which the prisoner was seen in town on the night of the 20th of December, as testified to by Messrs. Reddick, Cross, and Van Liew. The court gave
them instructions on that point. Mr. Brien proposed to recall the witnesses, but
the Court objected. The jury asked the Judge to read from his notes the information desired. This the Judge decline to do, but proposed to have the notes of
the Local Editor of the Dispatch read, if all the parties were satisfied. This was
acceded to, but our notes were not in Court, and the jury again retired, until
half past five, when they were called into Court and placed in charge of the
officers, and the Court adjourned until 9 o'clock Friday morning.
Nashville Dispatch, April 17, 1863.
Friday, April 17—The Court room was again crowded. The case of Beverly
alias Bose Haley was resumed. The Jury came into Court, unable to agree, and
were remanded to their room. The Jury again came into Court at half past 4 P.
M., and said they could never agree. They were consequently discharged, and
the prisoner remanded to jail.NOTE 1 We are informed that the jury stood for
convicting and eight for acquittal. This is not given as a fact, however, as we
have heard a different statement of the case.
Several gentlemen were excused from attendance as jurors by entering a nolle
prosecui, and many others by continuance.
The State vs. J. U. Bertrand—Tippling - Found guiltily in one case, and fined
$25 and costs. The other case was dismissed.
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April 1863 — Page 107
April 15, 1863
The State vs. John Huggins—Horse stealing.—This was an action for stealing
a mare, the property of Martha Davis. The case was not concluded at the end of
adjournment The Court adjourned to 9 o'clock this morning.
Nashville Dispatch, April 18, 1863.
NOTE 1: The outcome of any re-trial is not known.
April 15, 1863 - Expedition from LaGrange to Saulsbury
No circumstantial reports filed.
April 15, 1863 - Federal scouts along the Harpeth River
FRANKLIN, April 15, 1863.
Gen. ROSECRANS:
It is reported that rebel cavalry are concentrating on Hardin pike, near Harpeth.
I have ordered out scouts early in the morning to find out. It is possible they
intend to make a circuit of our position, passing between Nashville, Brentwood, and La Vergne, and out toward Lebanon, intercepting and destroying the
trains on both railroads.
G. GRANGER.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 240.
April 15, 1863 - Confederates destroy railroad track north of Gallatin
No circumstantial reports filed.
GALLATIN, TENN., April 15, 1863.
Brig.-Gen. GARFIELD:
The freight train ran back with the news that the track is torn 5 miles north of
here, and the rebels are at the tunnel. Shall leave here in fifteen minutes with
600 men on the cars.
E. A. PAINE.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 241.
April 15, 1863 - Cumberland River expedition to recover remains of U. S. S. Sidell at Harpeth Shoals and capture of guerrillas
CLARKSVILLE, April 15, 1863.
Brig. Gen. JAMES A. GARFIELD, Chief of Staff:
I have barricaded the ferry-boat Excelsior with hay, and used it as a gunboat.
Convoyed fleet above the Shoals with it; recovered the starboard gun from the
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 15, 1863
wreck of the Sidell; dispersed rebel band at the Shoals, who were waiting to
fire on unprotected boats. Captured several of the men belonging to Woodward's command.
S. D. BRUCE, Col., Cmdg.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 240.
April 15, 1863 - Skirmish near Middleton]
•See April 13, 1863-April 15, 1863-U. S. forces protect boats on Tennessee
River
April 15, 1863 - Secret Expedition, Carthage to Gallatin
•See April 13, 1863-April 15, 1863-U. S. forces protect boats on Tennessee
River
April 15, 1863 - Scouts, Franklin on Hardin Pike near Harpeth, in search of Confederate
cavalry
FRANKLIN, April 15, 1863.
Gen. ROSECRANS:
It is reported that rebel cavalry are concentrating on Hardin pike, near Harpeth.
I have ordered out scouts early in the morning to find out. It is possible they
intend to make a circuit of our position, passing between Nashville, Brentwood, and La Vergne, and out toward Lebanon, intercepting and destroying the
trains on both railroads.
G. GRANGER.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 240-241.
April 15, 1863 - Captured letter to home giving information on the strength of Army of Tennessee
IN CAMP NEAR TULLAHOMA, TENN., April 15, [1863]
DEAR BROTHER:
~~~
Our army at this place is Hardee's corps, with Breckinridge's and Cleburne's
divisions; Breckinridge's composed of Adams', Brown's, Preston's, and B. H.
Helm's brigades. Helm commands the Kentucky brigade, composed of the Second, Fourth, Sixth, and Ninth Kentucky Regt. 's, whose loss at the recent battle
at Murfreesborough was heavier than any other brigade. It was commanded
then by Brig. Gen. Roger [W. ] Hanson. Cleburne's division is composed of
Lucius [E. ] Polk's, Liddell's, Johnson's, and Wood's brigades, making an
aggregate of about 19,000 men. Polk's corps (Cheatham's, McCown's, and
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 109
April 15, 1863
Withers' divisions) are at Shelbyville, about 15 miles west of this place. The
two corps contain about 35,000 or 40,000 effective infantry. Morgan's command is at McMinnville, about 30 miles northeast, with 6,000 or 8,000 cavalry;
Wharton's north, toward Murfreesborough, with about 2,000 at Beech Grove;
Forrest and Van Dorn at Columbia with about 10,000, operating against Nashville and its envious and very successfully. Thus, you see, our army is not so
small as some suppose it to be, nor have I overestimated the figures.
The troops are in good spirits, and are confident of success when an engagement takes place, and, if the weather continues good, we expect it soon,
although the enemy have not yet advanced from their stronghold at Murfreesborough. Morgan's (assorted) command are still in Southeastern Kentucky.
Pegram has met with indifferent success in his late raid there. The health of our
army is good.
Your brother.
[Captain] C. F. SANDERSNOTE 1
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 773.
NOTE 1: Cleburne's division: Sanders' Company Tennessee Cavalry (Buckner
Guards). See OR, Ser. I, Vol. 32, pt. III, p. 873.
April 15, 1863 - Report to President Jefferson C. Davis on the condition of the Army of Tennessee
RICHMOND, VA., April 15, 1863.
His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIS, President:
SIR: In obedience to your orders, dated March 12, 1863. . . I proceeded to. . .
Tullahoma, Tenn., the headquarters of the army [of Tennessee], and. . . I have
the honor to submit the following report:
At Tullahoma I found Gen. J. E. Johnston in command of the army, and
reported to him. I stated to him my orders, and offered them for his inspection
but he declined to examine them, and very kindly offered me any assistance I
might wish in procuring full information as to the condition of the army. He
informed me that he had temporary command of the army, during Gen. Bragg's
absence with his sick wife at Winchester. I immediately conveyed to Gen.
Bragg my intention to pay him my respects before my departure, but was prevented from doing so there by his arrival in Tullahoma, where I had a full conversation with him the day I left. I am indebted to both Gen.'s Johnston and
Bragg for their courtesy during my stay, as well as to Gen.'s Hardee and Polk.
On Monday, March 23, I reviewed Lieut.-Gen. Hardee's corps at Tullahoma. I
afterward, on the same day, saw Brig. Gen. B. R. Johnson drill his brigade, and
witnessed a match or trial battalion drill between the Seventeenth Tennessee
Regt. (Col. Marks) and the Thirteenth Louisiana Regt. (Col. R. L. Gibson) and
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 15, 1863
Twentieth Louisiana Regt. (Col. Reichard), consolidated, and commanded by
Lieut.-Col. Von Zinken. The Tennessee regiment was remarkable for fine stature, manly bearing, and steadiness of movement, but the rapidity and accuracy
with which the Louisianians executed every maneuver at the double-quick was
unequaled.
On Tuesday, March 24, by invitation I accompanied Gen. Johnston to
Manchester, 12 miles to the right, and on the next day reviewed the Kentucky
Brigade there, commanded by Gen. Helm. These troops afterward went
through battalion drill, by regiments, and in the afternoon had a brigade drill.
Their performance was rapid, yet precise, their appearance tough and active,
and they will compare for efficiency with any brigade in the Confederate
Army.
On Saturday, I arrived in Shelbyville, and on Monday, March 30, I reviewed
Lieut.-Gen. Polk's corps, by divisions. Gen. Wither's division, composed principally of Mississippians, was the best clad I saw in the army. I was struck by
their size and made material bearing. In Gen. McCown's division some dismounted Arkansas and Texas troops showed marks of neglect in many important points. This army is in a high of efficiency, well clad and armed, and
marked with every evidence of good discipline, high courage, and capacity for
endurance.
There is vast improvement in this army since I inspected it last June at Tupelo;
and while great credit is due to the high soldierly qualities of the eminent officers by whom he is surrounded, much is also due to the peculiar talents for organization of the commander, Gen. Bragg, and to his laborious attention to the
details of his command. This is not an opinion, but the testimony of all with
whom I came in contact. The army lacks no physical element of success.
Attention is called to the two tri-monthly reports of March 10 and 20, furnished
me by the assistant adjutant-general, marked B. NOTE 1 That of March 20 shows
an aggregate of 97,090 men, and an effective total of 49,447 men, of which
15,616 are cavalry. The great accession to the numbers of the army is attributed
by Gen.'s Johnston and Bragg to the energy and vigorous system of Brig.-Gen.
Pillow and the conscript bureau conducted by him. The fear was expressed
that, if his operations were discontinued, the strength of the army would begin
to decline. Gen. Bragg estimated the recruits sent forward by him [(Gideon J. )
Pillow] at 10,000 and by the enrolling officers at 19 men. He stated that 1,200
men had been obtained in Chattanooga alone. He made some caustic remarks
on the camps of instructions, and asked for a vigorous inspection of them.
In the office of Col. Brent, assistant adjutant-general, I found a large number of
reports of the battles of Murfreesborough, furnished by brigadier-generals and
their subordinates. On inquiry, Col. Brent did not seem aware that it was proper
and necessary, to complete the record, that these should be sent to their final
depository-the Adjutant Gen.'s Office, at Richmond. I called Gen. Bragg's
attention to this fact, and requested Col. Ewell to see that they were forwarded.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
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April 15, 1863
The camps were clean and well laid, and the tents made comfortable with
many chimneys. The camps will be shifted at the approach of warm weather.
There is little sickness; what does exist is chiefly ague and diarrhea.
Particular attention is called to the report of Col. Oladowski, chief of ordnance,
marked Exhibit C. Its information is valuable. It shows, 41,673 small-arms in
the hands of the army, and 4,206 in depot, from which deduct 600 recently
issued. Forty rounds of ammunition are kept in cartridge-boxes, and 60 in wagons with the brigades. There are 125 field pieces of all kinds. Their loss is generally ascribed to the shortness of the scabbards. Complaint was made of
certain cartridges for Enfield rifles as being too large, and fouling the guns.
Col. Oladowski says these are being rapidly replaced by others. He says they
were made at Atlanta, but Maj. Wright, of the Atlanta Arsenal, told me that
they were made at Selma. He showed me the report of a board experimenting
with them, which pronounced the Atlanta cartridge not too large, not well
greased. This he attributes to the smooth surface of the ball permitting the
absorption of the grease by the paper. Capt. Finnie, at the Augusta Arsenal,
confirmed this statement, and recommended the grooved ball. Deficiency of
bees-wax in the lubricator is also a great disadvantage.
The transportation of the army is in tolerable condition, when the difficulties
under which it labors are considered. Most of the brigades had good pole stables, and the condition of the animals seemed largely influenced by the care
taken in building these. The horses and mules are suffering from the want of
long forage, which cannot be obtained. I may here state that the artillery horses
are also in bad condition for want of long forage. The cavalry horses are to be
doing better, but did not come under my own eye.
The report of Maj. M. B. McMicken, acting chief quartermaster of the army, is
filed herewith marked Exhibit D. He states the total number of wagons to be
2,276. He estimates that the forage east of the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad will be exhausted by April 12, and west of that road by May 23. Gen. Polk
thinks it will last until July. Gen. Hardee's corps is now being supplied from
North Alabama. The report states that the army is fully supplied with clothing,
and has 6,000 suits in depot, but that shoes are wanted, and requisitions have
been made for 10,000 pairs, which will last through April. Maj. Stevenson in
his letter to me filed herewith states that 4,000 pairs are in depot. Attention is
called to his two letters filed herewith, marked Exhibit E.
Maj. Cunningham clothing quartermaster at Atlanta, informs me that he is
employing about 40 shoemakers, and makes 150 pairs of shoes a day, and that
with 60 additional shoemakers he could make 500 pairs daily. I examined his
establishment. The leather is rolled by machinery, and the sides split likewise,
which effects a great saving. The soles are cut out by a machine, and all the
sewing done by sewing-machines. The shoes present a neat appearance, and
can be sold for $450 per pair. Government agents have been sent into Kentucky
with Gen. Pegram to buy leather. I respectfully refer to the letters of Maj.
Stevenson and to the communication of Maj. Cunningham, filed herewith,
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 15, 1863
marked Exhibit F, for details of the productions and capabilities of the agencies
at work in this portion of the Confederacy. The remark was made to me in the
army by observant persons that the clothing was of better material this year
than in the winter of 1861—'62. The men were tolerably well shod.
The question of subsistence has engaged Your Excellency's earnest attention. It
is the vital one with this army. I had full and free conversations with Gen.'s
Johnston, Bragg, Polk, and Hardee on this subject, and am free to say the prospect is very far from satisfactory. I omit the complaints of mismanagement and
want of forethought and scope laid at this door or that, and will rapidly sum up
the various plans, schemes, or suggestions made, some or all of which might be
attempted, with modifications.
Before doing so, however, your attention is called to the report of Maj. Isaac
Scherck, acting chief of subsistence, dated March 23, 1863, filed herewith,
marked Exhibit G, and the table of rations accompanying it. By these the President will perceive that the army is living from hand to mouth, and drawing
largely on the reserves. The ration of the men is corn bread and one-half pound
of bacon. They get very little beef, but I heard of no grumbling about the
rations. Gen. Polk, thought we could, by enterprise in foraging and by a systematic scheduling of the resources of the country, subsist our army on its
present line three months or more. No one else thought it possible for so long a
time. The supplies are drawn principally from the counties of Giles, Maury,
and Williamson, and he thought by pushing our trains up toward Fort Henry a
good deal might be got out. One obstacle is the inability to use Confederate
money to advantage. It is recommended to allow the use of State money where
necessary, and to send forward molasses, which can be advantageously
exchanged, 1 gallon for 8 pounds of bacon, and which bring to our lines, even
from beyond the enemy’s, a supply of bacon which neither force nor persuasion can otherwise obtain. Gen.'s Johnston and Bragg rely chiefly for beef on
the cavalry expeditions of Gen. Pegram and Col. Cluke into Kentucky, and on
similar forays hereafter.
Gen.'s Polk and Hardee also recommended that Messrs. Sam. Tate and Brinkley [?], of Memphis, should be employed to exchange cotton for bacon. Gen.
Johnston desires that some more vigorous efforts might be used to get the corn
out of Northeastern Mississippi. Last June I engaged the accumulation of this
corn in depots as soon as ready for market. Complaints have been made that
the quartermasters are preventing its shipment by using the Mobile and Ohio
Railroad for the purpose of speculation. Gen. Johnston complained of the summary manner in which Gen. Pemberton dismissed the complaint, without
proper investigation.
Some propositions have been made by individuals in Mobile to take the Government vessels there, which it is said Gen. Buckner does not think necessary
for harbor defense, and run in meat. The terms of the proposition are before the
Government. Government can certainly use and insure her own vessels as
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April 1863 — Page 113
April 15, 1863
safely and cheaply as citizens can. If these vessels are not needed, they might
be very usefully employed in running the blockade.
The communication of Maj. J. F. Cumming, purchasing commissary at large is
filed herewith marked Exhibit H. It shows on hand, in reserve, 162,000 pounds
dried beef, 247,500 pounds pickled beef, 5,267,855 pounds bacon and bulk
pork, 600,000 pounds lard, 1,700 barrels of flour, and 3,000 beef-cattle. He discusses the modes of obtaining supplies. Whatever is resolved on in regard to
subsistence must be done with promptness and decision. The question will not
brook delay or indecision.
Your Excellency's attention is called to the present lines of our army. Gen.
Hardee's corps is at Tullahoma, with one brigade 12 miles to the right, at
Manchester and with Liddell's brigade at Wartrace, 17 miles in front, and a brigade at Allisona, in the rear; Gen. Polk's corps is at Shelbyville; Maj.-Gen.
Wheeler covers the right and front of the army, with his headquarters at
McMinnville, and Maj.-Gen. Van Dorn the left, in front of Columbia. Tullahoma is regarded as the central point, but the greater part of the army is to the
left of it. It is not the intention or expectation of Gen.'s Johnston and Bragg to
await attack there, unless made in front, and this they do not expect. They
believe that Rosecrans will attempt to pass our flank, most probably our right
flank; in which case we would go out and attack him.
Gen. Bragg seems to have been governed in his selection of Tullahoma as his
chief point of defense by the convergence there of several roads. Gen. Hardee
preferred Decherd, as stronger and less easily turned, but Tullahoma having
been determined on, under orders from Gen. Bragg, marked out the line of the
fortifications. I examined these fortifications, which are a line of slight
redoubts extending in a semicircle from the Fayetteville to the Manchester
road. Our advantage of ground is not very obvious, although the engineer in
charge assured me it does exist, and the earthworks are low redoubts, not
flanked by rifle-pits, except for some 20 yards or so. To my eye they seemed
too far in advance of the crest of the hills. On the slope an abatis of heavy
felled timber extends 1,500 feet to the front of each redoubt, making a zone of
that width about 3 or 4 miles in length. The works are either too strong or too
weak. They are too weak to rely upon, and too strong to abandon to the enemy.
Much labor has been wasted on them, unless they shall be put in condition to
be held by a small force against a larger one. Gen. Bragg says heavy entrenchments demoralize our troops, and that he would go forward to meet the enemy,
in which case that abatis would be an obstruction, to say the least.
I did not learn from any of the generals of any projected movement or of any
battle-field preferred on which to meet an advance of the enemy, but they
appeared to have an impression that if the enemy does not advance on us, it
will be necessary for us to make an advance, perhaps, into Kentucky with the
army, to obtain subsistence. This was not stated, however, in direct and explicit
terms.
Page 114 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 15, 1863
Gen. Johnston wished your attention called to the matter, before mentioned of
the quartermasters in Mississippi, and also to the fact that the limits of his
department embraced two armies that could not co-operate, and that he
receives no intelligence from Gen. Pemberton, who ignores his authority, is
mortified at his command over him, and receives his suggestions with coldness
or opposition. The distance prevents his giving orders. He thought the discipline of Gen. Pemberton's army not very good, and wishes a speedy and thorough inspection of his district. He requested me to extend my inspection to that
district. I informed him of the limitation of my orders; that you wish for speedy
information on the matters already investigated, and that Col. Ives had gone
there, though I did not know under what orders. He sent me a letter to you
embodying this request, which I file with this report.
These are the results of my observations in the Army of Tennessee.
****
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. PRESTON JOHNSTON, Col. and Aide-de-Camp.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 757-761.
NOTE 1: See OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 718 for Return of March 20, 1863.
April 15, 1863 - EXHIBIT C of Report to President Jefferson C. Davis on the condition of
the Army of Tennessee
•See April 15, 1863--Report to President Jefferson C. Davis on the condition
of the Army of Tennessee
HDQRS. ARMY OF TENNESSEE, ORDNANCE OFFICE, Tullahoma,
March -, 1863.
Col. JOHNSTON.
Aide-de-Camp to the President of the Confederate States;
COL.: I have the honor to report the number of arms in hands of troops of this
army consist as follows:
Infantry:
Smooth-bore percussion muskets
11,869
Rifled arms of different calibers
19,942
Total with infantry
31,811
Cavalry:
Smooth-bore percussion muskets
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
1,363
April 1863 — Page 115
April 15, 1863
Rifles of different calibers
4,649
Carbines of different calibers and musketoons
1,469
Double-barreled guns
773
Pistols (Colt's pattern)
1,566
Pistols (percussion single-barreled)
42
Total with cavalry
9,862
Grand total in hands of army
41,673
The field artillery consists of12-pounder light guns
16
6-pounder guns
40
12-pounder howitzers
40
Rifled guns, caliber 3.80-inch, taken at Murfreesborough
7
Rifled guns, caliber 3.68-inch, iron, taken at
Murfreesborough
2
Rifled guns, caliber 3.30-inch
2
Rifled guns, caliber 3-inch (iron)
11
Rifled guns, caliber 2.90-inch (iron Parrott)
6
Ellsworth's breech-loading
1
Total
125
Independent of the above number of small-arms in hands of troops. 2,166 arms
of different calibers are at Tullahoma Depot, and 2,040 arms of different calibers are at Chattanooga Depot. Six hundred of these arms were ordered to be
issued to Col. Avery's regiment of cavalry.
The arsenal at Atlanta, I am informed by the Ordnance Bureau, is exclusively
adapted to repair arms and furnish supplies for this army. Five hundred arms
are weekly repaired at that arsenal.
The ammunition is supplied to infantry-140 rounds to each man- 40 or which is
carried in cartridge-boxes and 100 on regimental wagons, in charge of ordnance sergeants, under the superintendency of ordnance officers of each brigade. The ammunition supplied for the Enfield rifles was found in few
instances rather too large. When guns become fouled, after 15 or 20 rounds, it
is difficult to lodge the bullet home. The deficiency was reported to the Ord-
Page 116 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 15, 1863
nance Bureau, at Richmond and new supplies are now coming, and exchanges
will be made.
The arms, accouterments, and ammunition in the hands of troops on the march
are carelessly wasted. On the way from Murfreesborough to this place, nearly
four thousand arms were lost. The stoppage of payments on muster-rolls is no
means to correct the evil, and unless stringent orders be enacted making commanders of companies directly responsible for the negligence, the evil cannot
be corrected. The cavalry is supplied, from time to time, as the necessities may
occur, with regard that 40 rounds are in the hands of every man. The cavalry
under command of Gen. Van Dorn is supplied with 60 rounds in addition to 40
with the men. The cavalry under command of Gen. Wheeler is supplied with
40 rounds; 60 more will be supplied as soon as received. I have notice of their
coming to this place from Richmond Arsenal.
The artillery is supplied with a number of rounds contained in caisson and limber-boxes of each piece. Besides these, 50 rounds to each piece is to be kept in
reserve in Chattanooga Depot.
The supplies of ammunition for rifled guns are limited, by reason of the different caliber of these guns taken from the enemy. The application was made to
the commanding officer of Atlanta Arsenal for it.
The scarcity of leather will not permit full supplies of infantry accouterments
and artillery harness; the last, being made from rather inferior articles and not
properly taken care of, are in short time broken, and those now in service
should be replaced in course of a few months.
The ammunition for artillery is supplied of good quality and well prepared.
The Borman fuses are preferable to paper, as the first is surer to explode projectiles. The difficulty of premature bursting can be avoided by careful cutting.
It is ascertained that during engagements the men often cut them through.
General Orders, No. 67, Paragraph, IV, Series 1862, provides that no able-bodied men will be separated from their regiments and detailed for duty in the ordnance department, &c. The duty of the department is such that an invalid is of
no service, and it being impossible to obtain the services of competent mechanics, our only resource is to detail them from the army.
I am informed, from Ordnance Bureau, of the scarcity of lead.
The commanding general of this army has instructed me to procure 12-pounder
light guns and exchange them for 6-pounder and 12-pounder howitzers, now in
the service. I applied to Col. Gorgas for them. Two batteries of such guns are
ordered to be sent to this army. The balance will be forwarded as soon as they
can be procured.
The usual 6-pounder and 12-pounder howitzers are complained of as too heavy
for the use of cavalry. Gen. Bragg ordered me to make an effort to furnish the
cavalry with lighter guns-similar to those used by horse artillery during the
Mexican war. I reported the case to the Ordnance Bureau, and received answer
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 117
April 15, 1863
that such guns cannot be furnished at present. The commanders of cavalry
require rifled guns and, as far as practicable they are supplied to them of the
lightest weight.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. OLADOWSKI, Lieut.-Col. of Artillery, Ordnance Duty.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 762-763.
April 15, 1863 - EXHIBIT D of Report to President Jefferson C. Davis on the condition of
the Army of Tennessee
•See April 15, 1863--Report to President Jefferson C. Davis on the condition
of the Army of Tennessee
HDQRS. ARMY OF TENN., OFFICE CHIEF QUARTERMASTER, Tullahoma, Tenn., March 3, 1863.
Lieut. Col. E. J. HARVIE, Inspector-Gen., Gen. Johnston's Staff:
COL.: In obedience to your verbal orders of this date. I have the honor respectfully to make the following report:
There is now on hand in store
the following amount of corn:
At Tullahoma
8,000
At Decatur
8,000
At Bridgeport
6,000
At Chattanooga
3,000
At Dalton
10,000
At Athens
10,000
At Stevenson
4,000
In addition to the above, the corps of Lieut.-Gen. Polk, at Shelbyville, and
Lieut.-Gen. Hardee, at Tullahoma, have on hand, already issued, forage of corn
for four days. The cavalry are at present foraging themselves in the country in
which they are now operating east of the line of the Nashville and Chattanooga
Railroad. The district of country is being rapidly exhausted of forage by Maj.
Gen. Wheeler's corps of cavalry and the supply cannot last in that district
beyond twenty days from the present date. The country west of the line of the
Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad is now supplying forage for Gen. Van
Dorn's corps of cavalry and the animals of Lieut.-Gen. Polk's corps. This district is much better supplied with forage than the district east of road, and, if
the posts at Columbia and Shelbyville can be maintained, will furnish forage
Page 118 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 15, 1863
for Gen. Van Dorn's corps of cavalry and animals of Lieut.-Gen. Polk's corps
for two months from this date, the supply being hauled by the wagons of these
respective corps. The present source of supply for Lieut.-Gen. Hardee's corps,
as well as the accumulation of reserve, is from Northern Alabama, and the
counties of Giles and Maury, in Tennessee. The supplies are hauled to the
depots at Athens and Decatur by the wagons belonging to this army, and from
Decatur are transported to Bridgeport and Chattanooga by two steamboats now
in the employ of Government, and from Athens to this point by means of
Memphis and Charleston and Nashville and Chattanooga Railroads. From
these sources we can have brought here 3,000 bushels per day.
2d. Clothing: The command has been fully supplied with clothing (except
shoes), and 6,000 suits are now in depot at Chattanooga. Requisitions for
10,000 pairs of shoes have been made upon the general depots at Columbus
and Atlanta, Ga. These will fully supply the wants of this army for next month.
The command is at present fully supplied with horse and mule shoes, with
arrangements made for manufacture of 150,000 per month for future.
I inclose a consolidated report of field transportation, in addition. There are
now on hand in depot at Chattanooga 50 new wagons, with harness. Contracts
have been made for manufacture of 150 spring-wagons for ambulances, and
300 four-horse wagons, to supply the deficiency created by wear of our present
supply of wagons, which are old and in many cases unserviceable on the rough
roads of this section. These wagons and ambulances are being delivered
weekly at Atlanta. The want of tire iron has caused some delay in completion
of these wagons, but the contractors now promise to complete their contracts
by 20th of April.
I am, colonel, very respectfully, you obedient servant,
M. B. McMICKEN, Maj. and Acting Chief Quartermaster.
[Sub-Inclosure.]
Consolidated report of the means of transportation of the Army of Tennessee.
Corps or division:
Wagons.
Polk's corps
890
Hardee's corps
753
Wheeler's corps
284
District of Tennessee River
41
General supply train
308
Total
2,276
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 119
April 15, 1863
M. B. McMICKEN, Maj. and Acting Chief Quartermaster.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. III, pp. 764-765.
April 15, 1863 - EXHIBIT G of Report to President Jefferson C. Davis on the condition of
the Army of Tennessee
•See April 15, 1863--Report to President Jefferson C. Davis on the condition
of the Army of Tennessee
HDQRS. ARMY OF TENNESSEE, SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.
Tullahoma, March 23, 1863.
Lieut. Col. E. J. HARVIE, Inspector-Gen., Gen. Johnston's Staff:
COL.: I have the honor to report that the army stationed at Tullahoma is supplied up to the 31st instant, and we have the stores on hand to supply the army
at Shelbyville up to that time. According to my estimates, we will have on
hand on the 1st of April, at our respective depots at Shelbyville, Tullahoma,
and ChattanoogaFlour
pounds
176,00
0
Bacon
do
36,000
Mess beef
do
7,390
Molasses
barrels
150
Rice
tierches
70
Soap
pounds
35,000
Sugar
hogsheads
100
Vinegar
barrels
200
Whisky and brandy
do
100
Hard bread
pounds
15,000
We receive daily here and at Shelbyville sufficient meal for the current
demand, and at the rate of about 15,000 pounds of bacon. We require daily,
according to our table of rations hereto annexed-
Page 120 — April 1863
Bacon
pounds
35,000
Meal
do
87,500
Rice
do
3,500
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 15, 1863
Soap
do
1,400
Vinegar
gallons
350
Molasses
do
522
Salt
bushels
44
And have, therefore, stock on hand to supply us with bacon up to the 2d April;
rice to the 11th April; vinegar to the 22d April; soap to the 25th April; molasses
to the 11th April.
According to our usual receipts, it is fair to estimate that we can supply this
army, by our own exertions, with all the meal, vinegar, and soap, and one-half
of the meat needed. We will, therefore, requite for the month of April, from the
reserve stock, aboutBacon.pounds
Rice
525,00
0
do
62,000
Salt.bushels
1,300
Molasses.barrels
50
Respectfully submitted.
ISAAC SCHERCK, Acting Chief of Subsistence.
[Sub-Inclosure.]
HDQRS. ARMY OF TENNESSEE, Tullahoma, February 1, 1863.
The following ration will govern the issues for the Army of Tennessee until
otherwise ordered:
Bacon, to the ration
pounds
1.7
2
Fresh beef, to the ration
do
1.7
4
Fresh pork, to the ration
do
1
Pickled or mess beef, to the ration
do
1
Salted or bulk pork, to the ration (unsmoked)
do
3/4
Flour, to the ration
do
1
Corn meal, to the ration
do
1.7
4
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 121
April 15, 1863
Rice, to the 100 rations
do
5
Sugar, to the 100 rations
do
6
Molasses, to the 100 rations
quarts
3
Vinegar, to the 100 rations
do
2
Soap, to the 100 rations
pounds
2
Salt, to the 100 rations
quarts
4
Whisky, when specially ordered, to the 100 rations.
gallons
2
When salt meat is used in place of fresh meat, the ration of salt will
be 2 quarts to the 100 rations.
By command of Gen. Bragg:
JOHN J. WALKER, Maj. and Chief of Subsistence.
P. S. - Since the above was published, "salted pork" rations were reduced to
one-half pound, and molasses issue half of the above rate.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 769-770.
April 15, 1863 - Scouts on the Hardin Pike near Harpeth River
FRANKLIN, April 15, 1863.
Gen. ROSECRANS:
It is reported that rebel cavalry are concentrating on Hardin pike, near Harpeth.
I have ordered out scouts early in the morning to find out. It is possible they
intend to make a circuit of our position, passing between Nashville, Brentwood, and La Vergne, and out toward Lebanon, intercepting and destroying the
trains on both railroads.
G. GRANGER.
GALLATIN, TENN., April 15, 1863.
Brig.-Gen. GARFIELD:
The freight train ran back with the news that the track is torn 5 miles north of
here, and the rebels are at the tunnel. Shall leave here in fifteen minutes with
600 men on the cars.
E. A. PAINE.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 240-241.
Page 122 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
ca. April 15, 1863
April 15, 1863 - Federal scout, Moscow across the Wolf River, east to LaGrange, to Grand
Junction-ambush at Saulsbury
Wednesday, 15th-We moved out of camp soon after daylight, and crossed the
Wolf River at Moscow, where we have a small force of troops and continued
on our march east through LaGrange 10 miles, thence to Grand Junction three
miles further on. Thus far our road was over fine country, but going from there
it was more hilly and not so fertile. We left the small town of Saulsberry
[Saulsbury] on the R. R. about a mile to our left. Two men of Co."D" (porter
and Private Allen) straggled off toward the town. As they neared it a man
stepped out from one of the buildings and fired upon them. Porter was shot
from his horse, and Allen fled, and reported to Capt. Pitts. He took his company and went to Sualsbury, Porter had been taken into a house and was being
cared for. He was shot in the head and was unconscious and could live but a
short time and was left there. The man who did the shooting was a strange
rebel soldier passing through the town on his way homeNOTE 1. . .
Pomeroy Diaries, April 15, 1863.
NOTE 1: There is nothing to indicate that the "strange rebel soldier" was apprehended.
April 15, 1863 - ". . . [T]he man in the moon must hold his nose;" an excerpt from a medical
report relative to the hygienic conditions of the Army of the Cumberland
in Murfreesboro
Sickness in the regiment prevails to an alarming extent; average attendance at
the sick call, 100, perhaps 100 more are not fit for duty. This army of 40,000
men is encamped on a space so small that it is utterly impossible to keep the
camps clean. Thousands of dead horses, mules and offal of every description,
literally cover the whole face of the earth inside our picket lines; and each
emits a thousand stinks, and each stink different from its fellow. The weather
for months has been almost one continual flood of rain, and now, as the sun
comes up more nearly straight over us, and pours down his boiling rays on this
vast, sweltering mass of putridity, the stinks are magnified, multiplied and
etherealized until the man in the moon must hold his nose as he passed over
this vast sea of filth.
McGee, 72d Indiana, p. 118.
ca. April 15, 1863 - ca. April 25, 1863 - U. S. N. patrol on Tennessee River between Hamburg, Tennessee, and Eastport, Mississippi
MEMPHIS, April 18, 1863.
Lieut. Col. JOHN A. RAWLINS, Assistant Adjutant-Gen.:
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 123
April 16, 1863
Since closing my last letter, I learn from Oglesby that Capt. Fitch, U. S. Navy,
with four gunboats, is between Hamburg and Eastport, as advance of Rosecrans' expedition. If anything new turns up before the boat leaves, I will send
it.
Your obedient servant,
S. A. HURLBUT.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. III, p. 206.
April 16, 1863 - Skirmish near Eagleville
APRIL 16, 1863.-Skirmish near Eagleville, Tenn.
REPORTS.
No. 1.-Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger, U. S. Army.
No. 2.-Brig. Gen. William T. Martin, C. S. Army.
No. 1.
Report of Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger, U. S. Army.
FRANKLIN, April 16, 1863.
GEN.: Steedman says he had sharp skirmishing south of Harpeth to-day; killed
some and took some prisoners, from whom he learns that Unionville has been
re-enforced from Shelbyville, and that they intend attacking him in the morning. Perhaps they will give us both a trial.
G. GRANGER, Maj.-Gen.
No. 2.
Report of Brig. Gen. William T. Martin, C. S. Army.
HDQRS. MARTIN'S CAVALRY DIV., WHEELER'S CORPS, April 17, 1863.
MAJ.: Yesterday a skirmish occurred between the reserve of Col. [Josiah]
Patterson's pickets on the Chapel Hill and Union pike. The enemy in force
(about 300) advanced upon the pickets and were driven back 3 miles. We lost
none in killed, but 4 were decoyed into an ambuscade and captured. The
enemy lost a number of horses, and are supposed to have lost several killed.
They were carried from the field. Col. P. [Patterson] reports that his officers
and men, only 80 in number, behaved gallantly. The enemy's force (one regiment) is at College Grove, and is thought to have infantry supports. Col. P.
thinks the party is foraging. On this pike our scouts and a small scouting party
of the enemy had a skirmish in sight of our picket lines; no casualties reported.
I have ordered Capt. [J. H. ] Wiggins to turn in two of his old pieces as soon as
the two howitzers arrive (now expected), and thus to save the old guns, as I
have doubts about being able to carry them off in case of an advance.
Very respectfully,
Page 124 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 16, 1863
WILL. T. MARTIN, Brig.-Gen., Cmdg.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 261-262.
April 16, 1863 - Confederate conscript sweep between Liberty and Alexandria and poor
morale among Federals at Carthage
CARTHAGE, April 16, 1863. (Via Gallatin, April 17-5 p. m.)
Brig. Gen. JAMES A. GARFIELD, Chief of Staff:
Enemy are between Liberty and Alexandria, apparently recruiting their stock. I
think they could easily be entrapped by forces coming from Lebanon and Murfreesborough pikes simultaneously with a force from here. Should you wish
me to move them, give me two days' notice, and I will be there at any hour you
appoint. There are a lot of soldiers belonging to this command at Nashville and
vicinity, some skulking and some have go themselves detailed, &c., producing
a very demoralizing effect on this command. Will you please give me an order
so I can get these men whenever I can find them?
GEORGE CROOK, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 243.
April 16, 1863 - Federal cavalry scout from Pocahontas to Bolivar environs
Thursday, 16th-we are on the march soon after sunrise. After marching 8 miles
we learned that it was impossible to cross the Hatchie River except at Bolivar
20 miles north. Consequently we made a left hand turn crossing the railroad at
Pochahontas . . . Our advance reached Bolivar where we camped at
sundown. . . It has been a hard day for all. . .
Pomeroy Diaries, April 16, 1863.
April 16, 1863 - The provision question for Middle Tennessee farmers
Make Food.—The provision question is the most important that can at this
time enlist the attention of the Southern people. The government and citizens
will have need for all the corn and other food that can possibly be raised. Our
farmers ought to go to work as though they expected the war would last twenty
years; plant largely of everything that will sustain life, and use every effort to
support the government, as the only mans, with God's power, to successfully
end the war.
The season is now upon us for planting, and we hope that not one of our farmers will plant a single acre in either cotton or tobacco. Each one my think that
the little he would plant in these staples, would not affect the general result,
and thus he would unconsciously endeavor to starve our noble army. At
present, this country has nothing especially to entice the money-loving Yan-
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 125
April 16, 1863
kee—let us, however, plant large cotton crops, and we offer bait almost irresistible to his cupidity.
We hope that a just public sentiment and a laudable spirit upon the part of our
farmers will not allow them to beggar the soldiers and imperil our safety for a
few bales of cotton.
Fayetteville Observer, April 16, 1863
April 16, 1863 - A suggestion for recycling
Taking into consideration the limited supply of leather, would it not be practicable to save the skins of the horses slain in battle, and those that die in service? A large number of hides could be saved in this way, and it is to be hoped
that the proper authorities will consider this matter promptly.
Fayetteville Observer, April 16, 1863.
April 16, 1863 - "Altogether it was the most dismal ride I ever took in my life, to say nothing
of being uncomfortable."
I crossed the mountains during the night, and arrived at Jacksboro at 4 o'clock
this morning without any mishap. A drizzling rain fell the entire night, and it
was so dark that I could not discern any object; but my faithful horse, being
well acquainted with the trail, brought me safely through to Big Creek. There
were places on the trail which were so steep and rocky that we have been in the
habit of dismounting and leading our horses down over them, lest a horse
should stumble and kill both horse and rider, but in my trip last night I dared
not dismount, for the reason that it was so dark that I could not possibly find
my way in the trail, and therefore had to stay on my horse and trust it all to
him. Owing to the overhead foliage of the pine trees, and other overhanging
growth, the darkness was at times so pitchy that it gave me the sensation of
passing through a tunnel, or dark underground passage; but of course there was
some light else my horse could not have found his way, but such light was not
discernible to my senses. Altogether it was the most dismal ride I ever took in
my life, to say nothing of being uncomfortable. Met Col. Palmer at Jacksboro,
delivered the dispatch, and re-crossed the mountain to my regiment at
PineknotNOTE 1, where I arrived this evening. My company is gone down on
Clear Fork.
Diary of William E. Sloan.
NOTE 1: Kentucky.
April 17, 1863 - An Orderly Sergeant gives birth in Nashville; women in the Civil War
According to a memorandum Major-General Rosecrans wrote on April 17,
1863:
Page 126 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 17, 1863
"The medical director reports than an orderly sergeant was today delivered of a
baby, which I in violation of all military law and of the army's regulations. No
such case has been known since the days of Jupiter."
Nashville Tennessean Magazine, March 24, 1957.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: Jesse C. Burt, "The Captive City: Part I. Terror Wore a Blue Coat," Nashville Tennessean Magazine, March 24, 1957, p. 30. This citation has been
included despite the lack of a primary source attribution.
April 17, 1863 - "Just before our Regt quit the Col got us in line of battle across the old field
and told us he wanted us to make a charge just like we did when we
charged the Yanks." Letters of William D. Rogers, 1st Florida Infantry,
Army of Tennessee, to his family, describing camp life, a review and drill
of Breckenridge's Division near Tullahoma
Tullahoma, Tennessee
April 17th 1863
Dear Papa and Mother,
It is with great pleasure that I take my knapsack on my knee and my pen in
hand to write you a few lines informing you that I am very well at present and
hope they may find you all enjoying the same. I have no news at all to write
everything is exactly the same as when I wrote last the only thing that has transpired since then that is worth relating is a review we had the other day. A general review of Breckenridges Div. Genls Hardee and Polk were both present
and after we had passed in review they called on Genl Breckenridge for three
of the best Regiments he had, they wanted to see them drill and decide which
was the best. Genl B selected our Regt, the 18th Tenn. and the 20th Lou as the
best he had, and we at once commenced. Our Regt drilled first. Lieut. Col
Mashbourne of the 3rd Fla drilled us. We all did our best as we wanted to get
the praise but the 18th Tenn beat us and got the praise of being the best and our
Regt 2nd best. Just before our Regt quit the Col got us in line of battle across
the old field and told us he wanted us to make a charge just like we did when
we charged the Yanks. We started in common time but didn't get far before he
gave us the command "Charge Bayonets, Double Quick, March" when the
front rank came to a charge and the rear rank to "right shoulder shift arms" we
made the charge and yelled with as much spirit as if the Yanks had been there
sure enough. The Genls waved their hats to us and said was very well done but
the 18th Tenn beat us, they went through the same that we did and when they
made the charge they got about half-way across the field yelling as loud as they
could when all at once the Drum tapped and they all dropped like they were
dead even the Col and his horse both come down. The horse lay as close the
ground as he could get and the Col right behind him. They all lay for several
minutes before they got up. It beat any thing I ever saw in my life and I never
did hear such cheering in my life as was done when they dropped, they got the
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 127
April 17, 1863
praise and well do they deserve it for they beat anything drilling that ever I say.
The Col has his horse trained to lay down whenever he says to.
I received a letter from Jimmy & Sister the other day and also one from Johny.
I have written to Jimmy and Johny both today.
Well, Papa and Mother, Goodbye for this time. Kiss all the children for me and
write soon to your Affectionate Son
Wm D. Rogers
Camp Near Tullahoma, Tenn
April 17th 1863
Dear Brother,
I received your kind letter a few days ago and was truly glad to hear from you.
I have nothing of much interest to write but will fill up with something. Everything is very quiet up here and no talk now of fighting soon. We had a grand
review of Breckenridges Div the other day and after it was over there was a
Test drill between the three best Regiments, the 18th Tenn, the 20th Lou and
our Regt were the ones selected each being from a different Brigade. Our Regt
drilled first and I was certain we would get the praise but the 18th Tenn beat us
all to smash. I tell you they beat anything drilling that ever I've yet seen. I wish
you could have been there to have seen it, there was a great many people there
from the country. I believe every woman within twenty miles of Tullahoma
was there and nearly every one of them with a basket of what the boys call Iron
Clad pies so-called on account of their being tough and hard. i should have
liked mighty well to have bought some from them to just have to talk to them
as there were some of them mighty good looking but as I had no money I had
to content myself by looking at them. Johny how do you flourish with the girls
now some one told me the other day that you were about to get married but
they didn't know who the Young Lady was. i suppose though it is Miss Alice. I
don't want you to get in too big a hurry but wait until I can come home as I
should like mighty well to be present on that important occasion so that I can
stand up with you.
We are having beautiful weather now and I can't imagine what old Rosencrans
is waiting for but he hasn't forgot the lesson we gave him at Murfreesboro I
don't reckon.
We drill four hours a day now, two hours Company drill and two in the evening
Battalion drill. Our Co are Sharpshooters and are armed with Minnie & Enfield
Rifles. We drill every morning in skirmish drill. I like the drilling very well but
I don't know how I will like it when it comes to fighting as the Skirmishers
always have to open the fight. Johny you don't know how bad I want to see
you, I would give any thing in the world if I was in the same Co with you. I
wish you to see if any of your Boys would swap with me. I would try for a
transfer but I know it would be no use as we are not in the same Command. If
your Battalion was up here I think I could get one. If I can't get in before I
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 17, 1863
intend to join your Co when my time is out, which is only ten months now if I
am allowed the privilege of reenlisting but I hope and pray we will have peace
before that time as i am sick and tired of the war and want to be a free man
once more. What kind of ration do you get? We get 11/4 lbs of corn meal and 1/
2 lb of bacon pr day, sometimes we get a little rice and some peas but very seldom. Well Johny I will close as i can't think of any thing more to write now.
Give my respects to John Frater and tell him his Brother Lewis is well remember me also to my other friends and write soon to your
Affectionate Brother
Wm D Rogers
MSCC/CWRCNOTE 1
NOTE 1: These letters provided by Mr. John Segrest of Huntsville, AL.
April 17, 1863 - "Lisa, there was one of the best jokes in Camp the other day you ever heard
of." T. H. Boles', 44th Tennessee, in Wartrace to wife
April the 17, 1863
The State of Tenn, Bedford Co
Camp near War trase
Dear
I received your kind letter the 13th and was glad to hear that you all was tolerable well. These few lines leave me well with exception of my back and breast.
I have no news that is good to rite to you at this time. We heard that the Yanks
has taken Jackson Mississippi and was mooving on towards Vicksburg. You
rote that you was a going to fillipses (Phillips). I want you as soon as you get
back to cum down hear. If you cum rite a day or two before you start so I can
meet you at the depo. I want you to get a pair of half soles from Pap and bring
them very bad. I want you to cum ammediately. We may moov from hear.
Bring my baby with you. I want to see him worse than anything in the world.
Lisa, there was one of the best jokes in Camp the other day you ever heard of.
Their was a man that wanted to go home and started to run a way and was brot
back. He said he thought he wood try another plan. Their was a man in the 25th
regiment with a wagon. He asked the old sitizen if he wood take him in his
wagon. He told him he wood not. The old man told the Colonel of it. He told
him to do it. The old man then agreed to do it. He then got a box and got his
mess to nail him up in the box. They put the box in the wagon. The colonel sent
to fulton to arrest the wagon and examin the load. They found the box, asked
the sitizen what he had in the box. He said pies you sell two soldiers so out they
brought the box in the creek. You ought to have heard the boys laffing. The
44th and 25th was ther when the man cum out. He was the meanist lookin man
you ever saw.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 129
April 17, 1863
Lisa, I sent you a present. I want you to wair it and think of me when you see it.
It is a silver ring. I had it maid for you in token of true and unchanging love.
Susu, I have drawn off that song. I want you to keep it and think of me when I
am far a way. So I ad no more at this time.
T. H. BolesNOTE 1
To Eliza Boles
Direct your letters to T. H. Boles. There is moor of the same name out hear
MSCC/CWRC
NOTE 1: T. H. Boles was a native of Lincoln County, Tennessee. He joined the 44th
Tennessee Infantry in 1862 and was wounded at Chickamauga. By the time
he had recovered, Lincoln County was far behind Union lines and he never
returned to his unit. In October, 1864, he took the Oath of Allegiance to the
United States.
April 17, 1863 - News from McMinnville
FROM GEN. MORGAN'S COMMAND
McMinnville, Tenn., April 17th, 1863
Editor of the Observer: The smoke having blown over, and "skedaddling"
having been stopped, I again resume my series of correspondence to your
excellent paper which is, and must be acknowledged to the truest friend to the
soldier in Tennessee; and which should stand paramount to all others in circulation and interest to the soldier. Published as it is, pro bono publico, it advocates the rights of the private soldier, with as much tenacity as it does the
highest official of the army, and should be patronized by every soldier in the
army of Tennessee.
You have doubtless ere this been advised of Gen. Morgan's engagement with
the enemy at Snow's Hill on the 4th and 5th inst., which resulted in our falling
back, but have subsequently recovered or original position, and have extended
our line to Lebanon. Of the 4th our pickets were driven in, and were immediately followed by about 13,000 Federal infantry and cavalry and three batteries
of artillery, which could not be successfully resisted by the 1,500 gallant spirits
of General Morgan. Gen. Morgan was not in the incipiency of the fight, but
they were nobly led by the gallant Col. Gano, who held them back in check for
twelve hours.
The fall back created great excitement in the little city of McMinnville, business houses were closed, and families were seen on every road on the "skedaddle." We received order to remove the Medical Department instanter, which
we did, with little delay. We went three miles, crossed Collins River and
camped, and in the morning it is mirabile dictu that we occupied McMinnville,
and "nobody was hurt."
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 17, 1863
Our total loss in the fight was five killed and fourteen wounded. The enemy's
loss was at least five times that number.
Gen'l. Wheeler commands a corps of cavalry, composed of two divisions, the
first command by Gen. Wharton, and the second commanded by Gen. Morgan.
Great efforts are being made to bring about more efficient discipline in the cavalry service, which is a desideratum that should have been done long since. I
regret to inform you of the resignation of Surgeon T. W. Allen, Chief Surgeon
of Gen. Morgan's division, who resigned because of anychylosis of the right
shoulder. Dr. Allen was Captain Co. B, of Morgan's old squadron, in which he
distinguished himself in several noted scouts. As a commander he was beloved
by all who knew him. As a Surgeon he gave perfect satisfaction, and the loss of
his invaluable services will be felt by the whole command. Sociably, there was
never a kinder man, or a more perfect gentleman than Dr. Tom Allen.
We have not had any Northern papers for some time, but are constantly looking
for some through, when you shall have the latest dates.
Yours anon,
DIXIE
Fayetteville Observer, April 23, 1863.
April 17, 1863 - April 20, 1863 - Confederate scout, Centreville to Tullahoma
Tullahoma, April 20, 1863
Lieut.-Gen. PEMBERTON:
A scout of Gen. Van Dorn reports from Centreville, Tenn., that he saw on the
17th, going up the Tennessee River, seventeen transports and one gunboat, and
the next day he heard that seven more went up, the whole with 112,000 men at
least, much of it cavalry. Also that a part of Grant's army had gone up Mobile
and Central Railroads and part to Louisville.
By command of Gen. Johnston
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. III, p. 769.
April 17, 1863 - April 22, 1863 - Federal initiative to drive Confederates from region
between the Stones River, Caney Fork, and Cumberland Rivers
No circumstantial reports filed.
HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Murfreesborough, April
16, 1863.
Maj. Gen. D. S. STANLEY, Chief of Cavalry:
The general commanding has determined to drive the rebels from the country
between Stone's River, Caney Fork, and the Cumberland. To effect this purpose he places under your command the following forces: Two brigades of
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 131
April 17, 1863
infantry and Col. Wilder's force of mounted infantry now at the crossing of
Stone's River, on the Lebanon pike, and two brigades of infantry now 5 miles
from this place, on the Las Casas pike. These forces have been supplied with
five days' rations, and ordered to hold themselves in readiness to march tomorrow morning. In addition to these, you will take your available cavalry
force. The general commanding suggests that a column should be sent by way
of Baird's Mills, and from there by Statesville to Liberty, or by way of Lebanon
and Alexandria to Liberty, as may seem best. From Liberty you will push on
rapidly to McMinnville, and, if possible, destroy the rebel force or drive them
from that place and its vicinity. Destroy the cotton mills there, and all depots of
supplies for the rebel army. The general desires you to make thorough work
this time, so there may be no need of another expedition. Gen. Morton has been
ordered to be ready with his pontoon train at daylight to-morrow morning, to
throw two bridges across Stone's River, one on the Lebanon and the other on
the Las Casas pike. You will send a staff officer to communicate any orders to
the forces on these pikes that you may desire.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. A. GARFIELD, Brig.-Gen. and Chief of Staff.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 242.
April 17, 1863 - May 2, 1863 - Grierson's Raid from LaGrange, Tennessee, to Baton Rouge,
LANOTE 1
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. I, p. 519.
NOTE 1: Grierson's raid is included here because it originated in Tennessee.
April 18, 1863 - Skirmish at HartsvilleNOTE 1
APRIL 18, 1863.-Skirmish at Hartsville, Tenn.
Report of Brig. Gen. Eleazer A. Paine, U. S. Army.
HDQRS. UNITED STATES FORCES, Gallatin, Tenn., April 18, 1863.
GEN.: To-day at 10 a. m. 50 head of beef-cattle and 20 mounted men, of
Stokes' cavalry, were captured by a rebel regiment of infantry and 50 cavalry at
or near Hartsville. The cattle were on their way to Gen. Crook's command. The
rebels had wagons, and said that they were going into Kentucky.
One of my scouts, who is a good detective, engaged two or three tons of bacon
this week for the Southern army, the bacon to be delivered at certain points
near the river. He is to pay 30 cents in Confederate money. I shall send him
back with some of that money, to make small payments, and have the bacon
delivered at certain points, where I intend to seize it. The sellers are violent
rebels; defy our Government, and threaten every Union man and every man
who takes the oath.
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 18, 1863
I send you copy of letter to Gen. Crook and his reply.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
E. A. PAINE, Brig.-Gen., Cmdg.
[Inclosure No. 1.]
HDQRS. UNITED STATES FORCES, Gallatin, Tenn., April 13, 1863.
Brig.-Gen. CROOK, Cmdg. Carthage, Tenn.:
GEN.: I am compelled again to send an additional escort with your mail. The
last time I sent there were about 40 rebels watching your party, but did not
attack, on account of the increased guard. I cannot spare my men. I have only 8
cavalry soldiers. The balance of mounted men are infantry. I have only five
regiments, averaging about 400 men; no artillery, except what is in the fort, and
no cavalry, except my orderlies. I have 30 miles of railroad and 60 of river and
a number of public roads to guard. My forces cannot perform one-half of the
duty as it ought to be done. Last night 70 rebels were crossed over the river to
this side by swimming their horses. Their intention is to capture your mail. I
send 60 additional guard, with orders not to surrender under any circumstances; but, general, I cannot send again. You must send a larger force. Gen.
Rosecrans is extremely anxious to ascertain the condition of things at Lebanon.
Any information you can send him on that subject will enable him to arrive at a
correct understanding of affairs along the river.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
E. A. PAINE, Brig.-Gen., Cmdg.
[Inclosure No. 2.]
Carthage, TENN., April 15, 1863.
Gen. E. A. PAINE, Cmdg. Gallatin, Tenn.:
SIR: I send mail this morning. I cannot possibly spare more than the number of
men I have been sending with the mail. I shall, however, endeavor to make
them safe by keeping expeditions on the river between here and you. The
rebels had left Lebanon, and were at New Middleton last night. Part of my
command had a skirmish with them there yesterday. I am under many obligations for the escort you sent with mail. I hope in future there will be no necessity.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEORGE CROOK, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 261-262.
NOTE 1: Foraging was carried on by both sides, as was cattle stealing. There is also
evidence of artifice in these reports.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 133
April 18, 1863
April 18, 1863 - Capture of wagon train and seventy Federal prisoners by Carter Scouts
•See July 14, 1863--"The Carter Scouts"
No circumstantial reports filed.
April 18, 1863 - General Hurlbut justifies expulsion of Memphis citizens in fight against
guerrillas
HDQRS. SIXTEENTH ARMY CORPS, April 18, 1863.
Lieut. Col. JOHN A. RAWLINS:
COL.: In January last, while I commanded the District of Memphis, I received
a letter from Gen. Grant on the subject of the Charleston and Memphis Railroad, with instructions to give notice to all persons of the result of interference
with the road. This notice was given in General Orders, No. 10, of the District
of Memphis, and fully published in the papers.
An attack was made by a party of guerrillas living north of the road, of the
most gross and cowardly nature. This band of 20 or 25 are not even part of
Richardson's command, but simply plunders, who, when caught, claim organization, but are not enrolled or subject to any military authority. I proceeded to
carry out the notice are taken almost word for word from Gen. Grant's letter,
for I do not believe it is wise to threaten and not perform.
The families sent out are eight in number, and are prominent secessionists.
This memorialNOTE 1 is now presented. There is no name to it of any man of
acknowledged loyalty, and nearly every man on the list ought to be sent south.
I forward it, as in duty bound, for the consideration of the major-general commanding, with this remark only, that I believe the banishment has done good,
not harm. I have long been of the opinion that no sympathizer should be
allowed within our lines.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. A. HURLBUT.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. III, p. 206.
NOTE 1: Not found in the OR.
April 18, 1863 - Andrew Johnson's orders for occupation of Tennessee from the U. S. War
DepartmentNOTE 1
War Department, Washington City,
April 18th, 1863.
General,
Page 134 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 18, 1863
First: You will establish your headquarters as Military Governor of the State of
Tennessee at the City of Nashville, and as such officer, you will take possession of all the public buildings belonging to the State of Tennessee, holding
them in your charge and under your control for the public purposes for which
they were designed, and in which you have occasion to employ them.
Second: You will appropriate such of the buildings for the civil officers, executive, legislative and judicial, as may be required for the performance of their
respective functions, and you will employ such force of the military or civil
police as you may deem necessary for the security and proper care of such
buildings, and all other public property in the City of Nashville.
Third: All the public commons and public property in the City of Nashville,
and elsewhere in the State, will be in your charge as Military Governor, and so
far as possible you will exercise control over them, your authority and jurisdiction over all such public property being as exclusive and absolute as was exercised by the State of Tennessee, subject only to such military occupation and
use, as may in the course of the war, be authorized and directed by the General
commanding the Department.
Fourth: You will also take possession of, and occupy, all vacant and abandoned
buildings and property within the City of Nashville possessed or owned by persons engaged in the rebellion, and will apply them to such uses as you may
deem appropriate. You will exercise, also, the same powers throughout the
State of Tennessee.
Fifth: You will also take possession of all abandoned lands and plantations that
may come within your poser, and lease them for occupation and cultivation,
upon such terms as you deem proper, keeping an account of the products, and
registering the name of the former proprietor and of the person and terms upon
which they were leased, reporting the same to this Department.
Sixth: You will also take in charge all abandoned slaves, or colored persons,
who have been held in bondage, and whose masters have been, or are now
engaged in rebellion, and provide for their useful employment and subsistence
in such manner as may be best adapted to their necessities, and the circumstances in which you find them, having reference to the Acts of Congress relating to this class of persons, and be governed by their provisions.
Seventh: You will cause all such persons to be enrolled upon a descriptive roll,
setting forth their names, their age, their sex, with any other remarks that may
be useful in defining their capacity for usefulness, or as descriptive of their persons, and transmit a copy of it to this Department. Such of them as are able
bodied, and can be usefully employed, upon the fortifications, or other public
works, you will so employ, securing and causing to be paid to them reasonable
wages for their labor; also taking measures to secure employment and reasonable compensation for the labor of all others of whatever age or sex, making
from time to time report to this Department.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 135
April 18, 1863
Eighth: Such as may be sick, or otherwise helpless from age or infirmity, you
will have provided with suitable hospital care and attendance.
Ninth: You will also furnish from the Quartermasters and Commissary stores,
such clothing and subsistence as may be necessary for the decent clothing and
support of those who are poor or destitute, keeping a distinct account of all
such appropriations.
Tenth: As a general instruction to guide your administration you are authorized
to exercise such powers as may be necessary and proper to carry into full and
fair effect the 4th Section of the 4th Article of the Constitution of the United
States which declares "the United States shall guarantee to every State in this
Union a republican form of Government and shall protect each of them against
invasion and domestic violence" and whatever power may be necessary in restoration the people or Tennessee their civil and political rights under the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of Tennessee and
the laws made in pursuance thereof.
Very respectfully, Your Obedient Servant
Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War
Brigadier General Andrew Johnson, Military Governor of Tennessee
Papers of Andrew Johnson, Vol. 6, pp. 212-213.
NOTE 1: Johnson had earlier spent some time visiting in Washington and requested
these specific orders, even though he had been operating without them for
over a year.
April 18, 1863 - April 24, 1863 - Expedition from Memphis to Coldwater, Mississippi
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. I, pp. 554-563.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: There are a total of five reports incident to this expedition. All the action
took place in Mississippi. The expedition did originate and terminate in
Tennessee.
April 18, 1863 - Confederate conscription notice for Sevier county
NOTICE TO CONSCRIPTS.
To All Persons Between the ages of 18 and 40, in the county of Sevier, State of
Tennessee: You are hereby notified to attend on Monday, the 27th inst., at Sevierville, for examination. All persons in the county between the ages of 18 and
40 years, whether residents of any other portions of the State, or other States,
are required to report themselves at the above specified rendezvous, to the
Examining Board and enrolling officer. This notice includes every person
between the ages specified-those who have heretofore been examined and discharged either by State or Confederate surgeons-those who have at any time
Page 136 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 19, 1863
been discharged from the army, those who have furnished substitutes, and any
and all persons who may obtain exemptions upon any ground whatever. No
person's exemption, discharge or detail from any source whatever will excuse
attendance at the place appointed.
2. All the laws and regulations applicable to deserters shall be applied to such
Conscripts as fail to repair to the place of rendezvous for enrollment, or who
shall desert after enrollment.
3. All the agencies employed for the apprehension and confinement of deserters and their transportation to the commands of their respective commanders,
shall be applicable to persons liable to duty as Conscripts who shall fail to
repair to the place of rendezvous after the publication of the call.
Conscripts will come provided with at least three days' rations.
The Medical Board for the District will be present, one day specified, to examine all who are present.
No one will be excused from attendance, but will be apprehended if not
present, and punished to the extent of the law.
By order of
E. D. Blake, Lt. Col., C. S. A., Commandant of Conscripts
J. M. Driver, Chief Surg. Conscripts.
Knoxville Daily Register, April 18, 1863.
April 19, 1863 - Skirmish at Trenton
APRIL 19, 1863.-Skirmish at Trenton, Tenn.
Report of Col. John K. Mizner, Third Michigan Cavalry, Chief of Cavalry, District of Jackson.
JACKSON, TENN., April 21, 1863.
CAPT.: Capt. T. V. Quackenbush, with 23 men of the Third Michigan Cavalry,
came upon a party of rebels, 25 in number, at Trenton, on Sunday morning
(19th), routing them, and capturing 15 out of the 25. He was attacked in return
by a party of 63, under Capt.'s Blackmore, Sparks, and Thomas, all of whom
he successfully repulsed, and drove them from the town, holding the prisoners
captured, only 1 escaping.
Additional cavalry has been sent to re-enforce Capt. Quackenbush.
Very respectfully,
J. K. MIZNER, Col. and Chief of Cavalry.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. I, p. 564.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 137
April 19, 1863
April 19, 1863 - Federal attack upon Celina
No circumstantial reports filed.
HDQRS. MORGAN'S DIVISION, Sparta, April 22, 1863. . .
Maj. E. S. BURFORD, Assistant Adjutant-Gen.
MAJ.: I am directed by the general to inform you that he received a dispatch at
8 a. m. yesterday from Maj. Bullitt, commanding a regiment of his division on
the Woodbury road, 12 miles from McMinnville, stating that the enemy was
advancing in strong force-of cavalry, infantry, and artillery-on the Woodbury
road. I immediately ordered him to hold his position as long as possible, and, if
the enemy still advanced in force, to fall back slowly toward McMinnville,
advising me every half hour of their movements. I also sent out a scout to gain
all the information possible, who reported to me, from time to time, as the
enemy advanced. In the mean time I received a dispatch from Maj. [W. G. ]
Bullitt at 1 p. m., stating that the enemy had fallen back, and I was on the point
of ordering my wagons to return, when one of my scouts returned, informing
me that the enemy's advance was then at the edge of town, mixing and
exchanging shots with my men having advanced on the Petit Gap road, leaving
Maj. Bullitt's command to the right.
~~~
I have also received information from Celina stating that the enemy had
advanced on and shelled that town on the 19th instant, partially burning it, and
causing Maj. [O. P. ] Hamilton's command to fall back, the enemy's force being
about 1,200 strong.
The general also directs me to inform you that he has established his headquarters at this place, and that he has sent out scouting parties to gain all the information possible in regard to the enemy's movements, and that any information
he may receive will be immediately forwarded to your headquarters.
I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN H. MORGAN
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 782-783.
Excerpt from Correspondence of Brigadier-General John H. Morgan to Chief
of Staff, Army of Tennessee, relative to the attack upon Celina April 19, 1863
HDQRS. MORGAN'S DIVISION, Sparta, April 23, 1863. (Received April 26,
3 a. m.)
Col. GEORGE WILLIAM BRENT, Asst. Adjt. Gen. and Chief of Staff, Army
of Tennessee:
Colonel
~~~
Page 138 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 19, 1863
I have also received information from Celina, stating that the enemy, between
1,200 and 1,500 strong, crossed the river at that point on the 19th instant,
shelled and burned the town, together with the churches, not even giving the
citizens any warning of their intention. Maj. Hamilton had to fall back some 4
or 5 miles, but, being re-enforced by Col. Johnson's regiment, attacked and
drove the enemy back across the river.
~~~
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 785.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: Not referenced in Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee. The only reference to
activity at Celina in the OR General Index is for March 19 and 22, 1865. See
below.
April 19, 1863 - "By this time a squad of Federal cavalry had surrounded the yard and four
were sitting on their horses at the gate."
I would have written last night but I was weary both in mind & body. I arose
early in the morning expecting to take up the carpet in the new room and do
many other things besides. So after breakfast I was fixed up in working plight
& having an old dress with a white cloth tied around my head turban style.
About 9 A. M. Dr. Byrn came up and caught me as dirty as a dusty carpet and
floor could make me. He laughed & said now you are in a pretty plight.
I divested my head of the turban and took him to see Mag. Mat was lying down
with the tooth ache.
I sat chatting with him for half an hour and then went back to my work. In a
few minutes I heard such a chattering. I went to the door to see what was to
pay. By this time a squad of Federal cavalry had surrounded the yard and four
were sitting on their horses at the gate. I went out to ascertain their business.
They asked me if Mr. Pearre was at home. I told him "No!" Well, they said he
was here last night. This I could not deny for he did come after midnight & left
at daylight. They said, that is the officer said, he had orders to search the house
and take him if he were there, and also his horses. I told him the family were
sick and that a physician was here, etc. Dr. Byrn came out they told him the
same. The officer appeared quite gentlemanly, regretted that he had orders to
search as a lady was sick, etc. He took one man with him and looked into both
rooms and upstairs & of course found no one. Brushed by Robert[']s cavalry
overcoat without seeing it. There are Federal blankets here and an army gun
but they never found them.
I was afraid it would excite Mag, she was so sick but she bore it very well.
They found none of Robert[']s horses. He had sold his mule and his young
horse was not here. Has none but two mares and they are not fit for army service. Two of Dotts horses were in the stable, the one he gave me to ride and
Mags young mare. I claimed them and he ordered his men to let them alone.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 139
April 19, 1863
I guess he thought it was cleaning day or rather confusion day. I had swept the
straw into a pile in the middle of the floor, the furniture was in various positions and shrouded from the dust. A dozen chairs stood loaded with clothes,
pictures, books, pillow, etc. The little table and light stand were ditto. Upstairs
things were not much better. One bed was as I had gotten up out of it a few
moments ago. At the head of my new hoops were suspended in all their glory.
One bed was made up and they were very particular to examine it. Up in the
other rooms things were "topsy turvy," beds were not made, dirty clothes were
strewn on the carpet and two large bunches of spun cotton though they did not
appear inclined to take anything.
~~~
Mary L. Pearre Diary.
April 19, 1863 - Observations on the Sabbath in Nashville
Nashville Tennessee April 19th
. . . . John Marvin, Tim Marvin, Jos Blackson Harvey . . . & My Self went to a
presbyterian church in the lower end of town heard a very good sermon the text
taken from Corinthians first chapter & 21 verce the preacher prayed for the
welfair of the union & the success of our army there was but very few cittizens
at church about a duzin Ladies and a number of Children and some twinty five
or 30 men the balance were Soldiers the church was not over one third full it is
the finest and best finished church I have seen in Nashville. . . . we went to the
Presbyterian church this evening and saw a great many young secesh laydes
they try to look sour at the soldiers but pleasant and smiling countenance will
beat out in spite of ther teath
John Hill Fergusson Diary, Book 3.
April 20, 1863 - Special Orders, No. 98, relative to transfer of Confederate prisoners from
Nashville
HeadQuarters United States Forces
Nashville, Tenn. April 20th 1863
Special Orders, No. 98
I. The rebel prisoners of war able to travel and now at this post will be sent to
Louisville on the first day of May via LNRR enroute for Points of exchange
and confinement.
II. Colonel Martin, Provost Marshall will detail a Company of not less than
fifty men with two commissioned officers to guard such prisoners to Louisville.
III. The commanding officer of the detail will report to the commanding officer
at Louisville, delivering and making receipts for prisoners and lists of commissioned officers and enlisted men.
Page 140 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 20, 1863
IV. The officers will return with [the] detail as soon as this order is executed.
V. The AQM will furnish the necessary transportation.
By order of Brig. Gen. James D. Morgan, Comdg.
Simon Perkins, Jr., Papers
April 20, 1863 - Lt. Albert Potter's opinion of negro troops; an excerpt from his letter to his
sister
Headquarters Co "H" Near
Columbia Tenn Apr 20 [1863]
Dear Sis
...
. . . I don't believe I think more of the negro. . . but I do believe and say they
ought to have their freedom and they shall have it—not only because they are
human and have souls, but because their masters have forfeited all right to
them and their loss is our gain—And again they make good soldiers, good
Fighting soldiers, and I say let them fight. They are no better to stop a ball than
I am—- If working men are so opposed to arming the negro let them take the
musket out of their hands and come along.
Show one a man, who is down on our negro soldiers and who keeps hanging
back and shirking and I will show you a coward. Yes a moral coward and I
believe God hates a coward.
...
Potter Correspondence.
April 20, 1863 - April 30, 1863 - Expedition from Murfreesborough to McMinnville,
destruction of Manchester to McMinnville railroad by Federal forces
under Brigadier-General J. J. ReynoldsNOTE 1
•See May 4, 1863--"All that Gen. Reynolds got the credit of doing in the McMinnville expedition, was done by me." Colonel John T. Wilder's letter
home to his wife in Indiana
HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Murfreesborough, April
18, 1863.
Maj. Gen. JOSEPH J. REYNOLDS, Cmdg. Fifth Division, Fourteenth Corps:
The general commanding has determined to drive the enemy's forces from the
country between Stone's River, Caney Fork, and the Cumberland, and has designated you for that duty, and has placed under your command for that purpose
the following forces, in addition to your own division: First, Second Brigade,
Second Division, Twenty-first Army Corps, Brig.-Gen. Wagner commanding;
second, Third Brigade, First Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, Col. Ham-
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 141
April 20, 1863
bright commanding; third, 1,500 cavalry, Col. Minty commanding. With this
force you will proceed to Readyville on Monday, the 20th instant. From there
you will march rapidly to McMinnville, leaving two infantry brigades at Glasscock's, with orders to proceed from there to Half-Acre, and subsequently to
join you at or near Mrs. Beckwith's, on the Smithville and Liberty pike. With
your cavalry, mounted infantry, and one brigade of infantry you will push forward directly to McMinnville, destroying or capturing any rebel forces you
may find there, and destroy the cotton mills and railroad trains, as well as all
depots of supplies for the rebel army. From Glasscock's you will send such a
force of cavalry as you may judge sufficient for the purpose, to move southward by way of Jacksborough, and cut the railroad near Vervilla and rejoin you
at McMinnville or on your journey northward. Your work at McMinnville and
vicinity being accomplished, you will proceed to Liberty, having on the route
formed a junction with the infantry force sent out by way of Half-Acre.
You are expected to reach Liberty on the 24th instant, at which time and place
provisions will reach you from here, under guard of one brigade of infantry.
Gen. Crook will also communicate with you at that place from Carthage.
On the following day send a portion of your cavalry back to Smithville, to
ascertain if the enemy be following you, and, if possible, draw him into an
ambuscade. This done, you will send to their respective camps such portions of
the force under you command as you may not need for the prosecution of your
work, and with the remainder proceed to Lebanon, where you will establish
your temporary headquarters, and completely scout the country in the
Peninsula,NOTE 1 secure or destroy the supplies of rebels, and arrest and bring
into camp all persons whom you may regard as dangerous to the interests of
this army. You are authorized to modify any particulars in these general
instructions whenever circumstances shall render it clearly necessary, or any
considerable advantage is to be gained by a departure from them.
The general commanding desires you to do this work so thoroughly that
another expedition will not be needed in that direction. Report your progress as
often as practicable. The commanding officers of the forces placed under your
command have been ordered to report to you in person for orders. Make a
report of the number of rations and amount of ammunition you will require to
be sent you at Liberty. The brigade sent to escort it you are authorized to
assume command of, if you need it. You can also take the wagon train with you
to Lebanon, if you think proper. Finish your work in that direction, and return
to camp as soon as possible.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. A. GARFIELD, Brig.-Gen. and Chief of Staff.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 248-249.
NOTE 1: That region between Liberty and Lebanon.
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 20, 1863
Report of Maj. Gen. Joseph J. Reynolds, U. S. Army, commanding expedition
to McMinnville.
HDQRS. FIFTH DIVISION, FOURTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Murfreesborough, Tenn., April 30, 1863.
COL.: The troops employed in the recent expedition to McMinnville, &c.,
returned to-day, and a report will be most readily comprehended by reference
to the operations of each day.
The expedition consisted of the following force:
Col. Wilder's brigade (three regiments mounted infantry),
about
1,100
Col. Hall's brigade, about
1,400
Brig.-Gen. Wagner's brigade, about
1,300
Col. Starkweather's brigade, about
1,300
Cavalry, under Col. Minty, about
1,500
In all, about
6,600
April 20, the whole command made Readyville. At dark a mounted scout was
sent to Woodbury, which returned before midnight. This scout was reported at
McMinnville, and deceived the enemy as to the movement of the next day.
April 21, the advance, a cavalry force of about 350, under Col. Eli Long,
Fourth Ohio Cavalry, destined to strike the railroad from Manchester to
McMinnville, took the road at 2 a. m., and, turning to the southeast just after
leaving Woodbury, directed their march upon Morrison, under the guidance of
Capt. Fleming, late of Stokes' (Tennessee) cavalry. The remainder of the
mounted force (cavalry) under Col. Minty, and mounted infantry, the whole
under Col. Wilder, promptly followed, and beyond Woodbury took the old
McMinnville road, which passes between Jacksborough and the McMinnville
pike. The advance of this force captured a portion of a picket belonging to a
regiment of the enemy stationed on the pike. Those that escaped reported that
the main mounted column was a flanking party. The force that moved for the
railroad, under Col. Long, appears not to have been discovered at all until they
were near the road and in a condition to accomplish their work beyond doubt.
The supporting infantry force closely followed the mounted column, and, after
the mounted force left the direct pike to McMinnville, the infantry support was
apparently the only force moving toward that place.
Soon after leaving Woodbury we discovered the mounted regiment of the
enemy, which was known to be on the road, and which gradually retired before
us, evidently not aware of the fact that our mounted column had passed them
and was nearing McMinnville. We abstained from firing on this regiment, and
moved cautiously, but firmly, upon it, until we reached Glasscock's, 9 miles
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 143
April 20, 1863
from McMinnville, the point at which we were to await advices from Wilder.
This point was made by 12.30 p. m., having marched 10 miles.
About 4 p. m. I received a communication from Wilder, who had taken possession of McMinnville at 1.30 p. m. with his advance of the Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry and mounted infantry scouts at a charge, supported by the Fourth
Regular Cavalry. The surprise was complete. Among the prisoners captured
here was the notorious Dick McCann, who subsequently made his escape from
a guard of the Fourth Regular Cavalry, which occurrence will be investigated
and reported upon at an early day. Gen. John H. Morgan came very near being
captured, but escaped by having a fresh, fleet horse, and being personally
unknown to the men of our advance.
The infantry force moved northward, and encamped on a branch of Charlie's
Creek, about 3 miles from the pike. The force at McMinnville passed the night
of the 21st at and near the town, and that under Col. Long about 6 miles out.
April 22, the mounted force moved to Beckwith's via Smithville; bivouacked
near the former place. The infantry moved to within 5 miles of Beckwith's, and
encamped at Pine Flats, on a branch of Clear Fork. The entire country passed
over this day by both commands is barren and unproductive. The animals were
very scantily supplied with forage, and the provisions for the mounted men,
which had been left with the infantry support at Readyville, were pushed on
during the night of the 22d to Beckwith's, escorted by a portion of Hall's brigade.
April 23, the remainder of Hall's brigade started at 2 a. m.; joined the mounted
force at Beckwith's by dawn of day, and, with this brigade as a support, Wilder
pushed right on toward Liberty, closely followed by the brigades of Wagner
and Starkweather. On reaching Snow Hill, about 10 a. m., where rebels had
been reported in force, we found the position abandoned, and learned that the
enemy had retreated via Alexandria and Lancaster. Men and animals were
much jaded, and a vigorous pursuit was simply impossible. The force from
Carthage, that we hoped would co-operate with us by taking position at or near
the vicinity of Alexandria, to prevent this very retreat of the enemy, had not
arrived. Two regiments from Carthage arrived at Alexandria about midnight of
the 23d, and reported to me on the 24th. They were too late by at least thirtysix hours to co-operate with us, and the force sent was less than half that necessary to an effective co-operation. The mounted force was distributed from the
fork of the road 2 1/2 miles from Liberty to a point 3 miles beyond Alexandria
toward Lebanon, with instructions to forage and rest. Wagner's brigade was
places at Liberty, and Hall's and Starkweather's at the fork of the road communicating with the provision train near Auburn.
April 24, spent the day in foraging and picking up straggling rebels. Provisions, escorted by Gen. R. S. Granger's brigade, arrived and were distributed.
At night sent reconnaissance of the Fourth Regular Cavalry, under Capt. McIntyre; went as far as Smithville and found no enemy.
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 20, 1863
April 25, headquarters and Hall's brigade moved to Cherry Valley, Wilder's
mounted infantry to Shop Spring, and Wagner's brigade to Alexandria. Starkweather's brigade remained at the forks of the roads. The cavalry, excepting
Ray's (about 350), started for Murfreesborough, a portion, with Granger's brigade, via Auburn, and the main body via Cherry Valley, Cainsville, and Milton.
April 26, Wilder's mounted infantry, Hall's brigade, and headquarters made
Lebanon, Tenn.
April 27, mounted infantry scouring the country in the direction of Rome,
Gallatin, and Silver Spring; expecting to be absent two days; discovered two
boats in the creek near Rome. At 5 p. m. I received information from Col.
Starkweather, through Gen. Wagner, that the enemy was certainly advancing in
force toward Liberty, with the intention of attacking Starkweather at the forks
of the road. I ordered Hall's brigade on the road at once, and sent messengers to
order the mounted regiments to follow as early as possible next morning
(28th). Hall and headquarters reached Alexandria at 10.15 a. m. on the 28th,
and communicated with Wagner and Starkweather. (The former had moved
near the forks.)
April 28, a train of 53 empty wagons reached Starkweather's camp, under
escort of the Ninth Michigan, Col. Parkhurst. This train was loaded with bacon
and forage, a portion belonging to refugees, the remainder captured from
prominent rebels and turned over to the proper staff officers at corps headquarters on the arrival of the train at Murfreesborough on the 30th.
April 29, headquarters and Hall's brigade moved from Alexandria to Stone's
River, via Statesville and Cainsville; Wagner and Starkweather encamped near
Milton; Wilder, with two regiments of mounted infantry, moved through Lebanon to Baird's Mills, one regiment coming through Murfreesborough with the
headquarters.
DESTROYED OR DISABLED.
The railroad leading from McMinnville to Manchester may be said to be
destroyed; all the bridges of any note, as well as trestle-work, are burned; also
one locomotive and train of three cars, and various other detached cars at stations; depot buildings at McMinnville; 600 blankets; 2 hogsheads of sugar; 3
hogsheads of rice; 200 bales of cotton; 8 barrels of whisky; 30,000 pounds of
bacon; 1 cotton factory (large); 2 mills; 1 camp, tents, &c., on Charlie's Creek;
1 camp at Liberty, and 1 mill at Liberty; 180 prisoners captured at various
places from Morrison to Stone's River, including 5 commissioned officers; one
who represents himself as a major on the staff of Gen. J. C. Breckinridge was
captured on the 29th by Wilder's scouts near Glades. Lieut.-Col. [R. M. ] Martin was mortally wounded by a saber in the hand of a member of the Seventh
Pennsylvania Cavalry. Six hundred and thirteen animals were captured, and
seventy-six abandoned. Large quantities of forage and wheat were discovered.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
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April 20, 1863
The only casualties to our force were 1 man of the Seventeenth Indiana badly
and treacherously wounded; he got into camp; and 1 man of the One hundred
and twenty-third Illinois died of disease.
The district bounded south by the road from Readyville to McMinnville, east
by the road from McMinnville to Smithville, and west and north by a line
drawn from Readyville, via Auburn, Liberty, Alexandria, and New Middleton,
to Caney Fork, is sterile and unproductive, excepting a small area about New
Middleton. The same remark will apply to the district between Woodbury and
the railroad connecting McMinnville with Manchester.
There is no forage and but little subsistence of any kind in the country named
above. An army cannot subsist in it, and hence the rebels have been driven to
occupy the country to the west of Alexandria, and lying between the Cumberland and Stone's Rivers. The last-named district is, with occasional exceptions,
very productive, well watered, and under a high state of cultivation. The rebels
have drawn immense quantities of supplies from this portion of country. A
force at Alexandria or Liberty would command this whole district. The inhabitants may be divided into three classes: First, the wealthy; second, those of
medium means or well-to-do; and, third, the poor. The first class are, with a
few noble exceptions, decided rebels, their farms having furnished rebel supplies, and their houses have been made stopping places for rebel commanders,
conscript agents, spies, &c. Without the aid furnished by these men, the raids
upon the railroad from Murfreesborough to Nashville, and from Nashville to
Gallatin, and even beyond, could not be made. With the supplies furnished by
these quiet citizens, the rebels are enabled to move almost without transportation or provisions, knowing just where forage and subsistence await them.
The tone of this class in February, when we made our first expedition into that
part of the country, was quite defiant; they were determined to persevere in
their rebellion until they secured their rights. They have since that time lost no
little property in forage and animals to supply both Armies, and, in addition,
their negro men have run away, and the wagons that were driven, about February 1, by soldiers detailed for that purpose were, about the last of April, just as
well driven by the negroes that formerly lived in that section of country, and
the strength of the companies was increased by the same number of able-bodied soldiers.
The tone of this class in now changed. They have discovered their mistake.
They had been misled. They have found their rights, and they are now anxious
to take the non-combatant oath, give bonds, and stay at home. The question
arises here, Shall they be allowed to do so? At the risk of being officious, I
respectfully answer, No. If the leading men of the neighborhoods are allowed
to remain, although they may give bonds, when the rebels run into their neighborhoods they will be forced to aid them. If they are sent away, their presence
and their influence are gone. A few of this class returned with us, a step preliminary, I trust, to a longer journey.
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 20, 1863
The second class have generally been well-meaning citizens, but without much
influence politically; they have become from wavering men loyal citizens; are
desirous of taking the oath, and pursuing their ordinary avocations. Many of
them have sons conscripted into the rebel service, who would desert that service and return home if their fathers were placed in a better position politically
and their oppressors sent away, so that there would be no one to return them to
a service which they detest. This class is deserving of the fostering care of the
Government. The third class are all loyal; they have no weight in the community; possess but little property; they have, in fact, been subjugated all their
lives. By encouragement they must improve. They have suffered greatly from
the rebel conscription. The absence of the first class is a thing greatly desired
by them, but they speak it only in whispers. They have at least one thing in
their favor—their devotion to the flag of their country is unwavering in both
men and women.
There was one idea that evidently occupied the minds of all classes. We were
everywhere met with the questions, "Will the Federal Army remain in Middle
Tennessee?" "Will it go forward and leave us, or will it go back and leave us?"
There is a feeling of insecurity which can be eradicated only by adopting such
measures as will convince the loyal people that this country is to be possessed
only by loyal men, and that when our lines are advanced they are advanced forever; that no retrograde step will be taken, and that whatever may be necessary
to localize a district of country will be done before the army leaves it.NOTE 2
J. J. REYNOLDS, Maj.-Gen., Cmdg. Expedition.
[Indorsement.]
HDQRS. FOURTEENTH ARMY CORPS, DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Murfreesborough, Tenn., May 4, 1863.
Respectfully forwarded.
In organizing the expedition my arrangement was that the force from Carthage
should arrive at Alexandria on the 21st, if not before, and to remain there,
threatening and attracting the attention of the enemy, until the morning of the
24th, unless the commanding officer heard firing in the direction of Liberty, in
which event he was to move at once on Liberty, to the support of our troops.
He was to have marched on Liberty in any event on the 20th, as the programme
required that Gen. Reynolds should make that place on that day. It is to be
regretted that that portion of the expedition was not in position at the time
appointed, and there is no doubt the expedition, although eminently successful,
would have been more fruitful in results.
I take great pleasure in commending to the general commanding the remarks of
Gen. Reynolds on the status of the three classes of citizens now inhabiting Tennessee as just and appreciative, and fully indorse his recommendations as to
what should be our policy toward them. If those who have heretofore been
active rebels were invariably put beyond our lines, we should then be able to
penetrate and occupy the insurgent territory with much more certainty, as we
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 147
April 20, 1863
would not then be under the necessity of keeping up such strong guards in our
rear to secure our lines of communication.
GEO. H. THOMAS, Maj.-Gen. of U. S. Volunteers, Cmdg.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 267-271.
NOTE 1: These orders to Major-General J. J. Reynolds indicate the precise nature of
the planning of a campaign of the sort which took place April 20-30, 1863.
The purpose of the operation was to eliminate the possibility of Confederate
attack from the rear during the Tullahoma, or Middle Tennessee, Campaign
of June, 1863.
NOTE 2: The fact that Reynold's expedition was composed of nearly 6,600 soldiers
may well have had an influence upon the responses that were received. It is
difficult to deny a large force of armed and hostile troops whatever it wants.
On the other hand, Reynolds' reflections may have been correct, that there
did exist class consciousness and animosities which heretofore have been
ignored as being in conflict with a tradition of Confederate solidarity. See:
Fred Arthur Bailey, Class and Tennessee's Confederate Generation, The
Fred W. Morrison Ser. in Southern Studies, (University of North Carolina
Press; Chapel Hill, 1987), pp. 45-76, for an enlightening and articulate discussion of class consciousness in Tennessee's Confederate generation.
Excerpt from Correspondence of Brigadier-General John H. Morgan to Chief
of Staff, Army of Tennessee, relative to the attack upon McMinnville, April 21,
1863
HDQRS. MORGAN'S DIVISION, Sparta, April 23, 1863. (Received April 26,
3 a. m.)
Col. GEORGE WILLIAM BRENT, Asst. Adjt. Gen. and Chief of Staff, Army
of Tennessee:
Colonel
~~~
At 2 p. m. [the 21st] I received a dispatch from Col. Bullitt, stating that the
enemy had fallen back a short distance on the Woodbury road. At about the
same time one of my scouts came in, reporting that the enemy was then within
a mile or two of town, driving my vedettes and pickets in before them.
The enemy destroyed the railroad depot, factory, two railroad bridges, together
with the train that was on this side of Morrison's besides some two or three
other buildings at McMinnville. They left McMinnville about 12 o'clock on the
22d proceeding in the direction of Smithville and from thence to Liberty, the
force being estimated at from 3,000 to 5,000 strong consisting of cavalry and
mounted infantry and seven pieces of artillery.
~~~
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 784-785.
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 20, 1863
Reports of Brig. Gen. William T. Martin, C. S. Army.
HDQRS. MARTIN'S CAVALRY DIV., WHEELER'S CORPS, April 22, 1863.
MAJ.: At 10.30 a. m. yesterday the enemy advanced to the front of our
vedettes on the Middleton road and this pike with infantry, artillery, and cavalry, approaching almost in musket range. Their cavalry was deployed as skirmishers. A continuous line of skirmishers was extended from near the railroad
across the country beyond Middleton. I attacked these skirmishers on both
roads, but found the force too great for me.
After maintaining their line for some six hours, the forces retired. One brigade,
with wagons and ambulances, was on each road. Lieut.-Col. [R. ] Thompson
reports that the enemy was advancing on Manchester pike yesterday in force,
and 1,500 cavalry on the Woodbury and Manchester road. I have not yet heard
whether these detachments have retired. If I had had proper artillery yesterday
I could have used it to advantage. In this immediate vicinity I believe the
enemy was plundering, and so the scouts report.
Very respectfully,
WILL. T. MARTIN, Brig.-Gen., Cmdg.
HDQRS. MARTIN'S CAVALRY DIV., WHEELER'S CORPS, April 27, 1863.
MAJ.: I have learned this morning the return of Gen. [Joseph] Wheeler to
McMinnville, and would report the facts of the late movement of the enemy
through the lines as far as they have come to my knowledge.
Lieut.-Col. [R. ] Thompson reports that the enemy passed through the lines on
the 21st instant, to the right of my last picket in that direction, but was
observed and fired upon; that the force was 1,500 cavalry, and came down the
Woodbury road until at Daniel's Chapel it struck the Petty Gap road, and not
far from this point encountered our patrols and those of Col. [B. W. ] Duke,
who is on my right, and passed through the 31/2 miles from my farthest picket
on the right. The advance was reported to me and Gen. [St. J. R. ] Liddell at
Wartrace, who immediately sent a dispatch to Gen. [W. J. ] Hardee. At the
same time that I received notice of this column I also received a dispatch from
Adjutant [Kinloch] Falconer, advising me that Gen. [B. H. ] Helm had been
ordered up from Manchester to check the advance.
Simultaneously with this movement the enemy advanced on the 21st upon
Beech Grove through Hoover's Gap, upon Thompson's battalion, and for
nearly twenty-four hours Lieut.-Col. Thompson, with all his available force of
[Z. ] Thomason's battalion and the Third Georgia, was skirmishing with the
enemy, estimated to have four or five regiments of infantry and a small force of
cavalry, and known to have had a battery of artillery, which was freely used.
Lieut.-Col. Thompson made disposition of his force to guard against the column on his right, which he supposed was endeavoring to get in rear of him.
The enemy retired from his front about noon of the 22d instant.
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April 20, 1863
On this pike and on the Middleton road on the 21st the enemy advanced, and
had on each road a brigade of infantry, with cavalry and artillery, and threatened an attack upon my pickets.
On the 22d, in larger force, another advance was made on each road. The full
force of my command on each road was on both occasions moved to the front,
and some unimportant skirmishing ensued. I was in front both days, and did
not make a serious attack, as the force of the enemy was too great to render a
forward movement prudent.
The line of Lieut.-Col. Thompson was established in accordance with the written directions received from Gen. Wheeler, and dated March 31, 1863. It is, of
course, impossible with the force in front of Pocahontas to prevent a recurrence
of such attacks, and there was no force that could by any diligence have been
brought to bear from my line upon the column which passed by the Petty Gap
road. The country is all open in that section, and troops can move in any direction.
Very respectfully,
WILL. T. MARTIN, Brig.-Gen., Cmdg. Division.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 276-277.
Report of Col. Robert H. G. Minty, Fourth Michigan Cavalry, commanding
detachment Cavalry Division, Department of the Cumberland.
HDQRS. FIRST CAVALRY BRIGADE, Camp near Murfreesborough, Tenn.,
April 26, 1863.
SIR: On the 19th instant, under orders received from Brig.-Gen. Garfield, I
reported to Maj.-Gen. Reynolds, commanding the Fifth Division, Fourteenth
Army Corps, and, in accordance with his orders, marched for Readyville at 1 p.
m. on the 20th instant, with 1,708 men, composed of parts of the First, Second,
and Third Cavalry Brigades and the Fourth U. S. Cavalry, with six days'
rations. I encamped between Readyville and Woodbury for the night.
April 21, I sent Col. Long, with the Second Brigade (418 men), at 2 a. m., with
instructions to take the road leading through Jacksborough, to strike the railroad at or near Morrison as soon after 10.30 a. m. as possible, and to destroy
the trestle-work at that place. Although the Manchester train escaped, the work
was well done. For particulars, I beg to refer you to Col. Long's report,
inclosed herewith.
At 3 a. m. I marched for McMinnville with the rest of my command, taking the
old McMinnville road, and was followed by Col. Wilder, with his brigade of
mounted infantry. When about 2 miles from McMinnville, I detached the
Fourth Michigan and one company of the First Middle Tennessee, with two of
Col. Wilder's mountain howitzers, to move in on the Smithville road. About
half a mile farther on, my advance came on the rebel pickets, who immediately
formed and opened fire on us. Riding to the front, I pushed forward the flankers, and directed the advance guard to charge home, sending Capt. Jennings,
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 20, 1863
with the remainder of his regiment (Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry), to their
support. The rebels were driven into and through the town. Their entire force
was about 700 men—600 cavalry and the provost guard, which consisted of
115 men of the Second Kentucky and Forty-first Alabama Infantry Regt.’s.
These last had left town, by the Chattanooga road, with the wagon train, about
an hour before our arrival, but, by pressing closely, a part of the Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry succeeded in capturing 3 wagons and 8 or 9 of the men.
The cavalry scattered in every direction, part of them retreating at a gallop on
every road, about 50 taking the railroad train, which started as we entered the
town. I sent the Third Brigade and the Fourth Michigan after the train, with
directions to destroy it and also the new bridge over Hickory Creek. The
Fourth Regulars I sent to the support of the Seventh Pennsylvania, on the
Sparta and Chattanooga roads.
In the charge made by the advanced guard—Lieut. Thompson and 25 men of
the Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry—Corporal [Edward H. ] Schutt mortally
wounded, Lieut.-Col. [R. M. ] Martin, of Johnson's Kentucky Cavalry, having
laid his skull open by a saber cut. The famous Maj. Dick McCann was also
wounded and taken prisoner, but effected his escape the same night from a
guard of the Fourth Regulars. I encamped for the night on the hill west of
McMinnville, and was early next morning rejoined by the Second and Third
Brigades and the Fourth Michigan.
April 22, encamped near Snow Hill about dark, and pushed forward a patrol,
which discovered strong pickets of the enemy at the mouth of Dry Creek.
April 23, marched at daylight for Liberty. The rebel pickets had been withdrawn during the night. The citizens stated that the enemy had promised to
give us battle at Liberty. At Liberty they promised to fight at the junction of the
Auburn and Alexandria pikes, and at the junction they said they would meet us
at Alexandria, but at that place I found only 4 men, and those I captured.
Wheeler and Wharton, with [Thomas] Harrison's, [C. C. ] Crews', and Duke's
brigades, retreated toward Lancaster at daybreak.
I encamped 3 miles west of Alexandria until the morning of the 25th, when I
marched for Murfreesborough, via Cainsville and Las Casas. I encamped near
Cainsville the night of the 25th, and arrived at Murfreesborough at 3 p. m. on
the 26th. I sent or brought in 130 prisoners, all of whom, except 7, were captured by the cavalry. We destroyed the trestle-work on the railroad below Morrison; burned the railroad buildings, one locomotive, and two cars at Morrison;
burned the new bridge across Hickory Creek, and destroyed a large quantity of
bacon and other commissary stores at that place, and recaptured 15 men of the
Second East and First Middle Tennessee Cavalry, who had been taken prisoners at Carthage on the 18th instant. I also captured 30 horses, 12 mules, and 3
wagons. In McMinnville Col. Wilder destroyed a large amount of property.
I had no casualties whatever during the expedition. Inclosed I hand you reports
of the officers commanding the Fourth U. S. Cavalry and the First and Second
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April 20, 1863
Brigades. I have not yet received the report of Col. Ray, commanding the Third
Brigade.
I am, respectfully, your obedient servant,
ROBT. H. G. MINTY, Col., Cmdg.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 271-273.
Report of Col. Eli Long, Fourth Ohio Cavalry, commanding Second Cavalry
Brigade.
HDQRS. FOURTH OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY, Camp Stanley, near
Murfreesborough, Tenn., April 27, 1863.
SIR: Pursuant to instructions, I have the honor to report that the Second Cavalry Brigade, under my command, left this point on the 20th instant, arriving at
Readyville that night. On that night I received verbal orders from Col. Minty to
start the next morning at 2 o'clock with my brigade, and, in addition thereto,
100 men of the Second Kentucky Cavalry and one company of the First Middle Tennessee Cavalry, and to strike the Manchester and McMinnville Railroad
at the big trestle-work just west of Morrison Station, and allow the train of cars
from Manchester to pass on toward McMinnville, and to destroy the track in its
rear. I started, with the above force, a few minutes after 2 a. m., and arrived in
the vicinity of the railroad about 10 a. m., having in the mean time met a scouting party of rebels and several stragglers, of which the company of the First
Tennessee, under Lieut. Couch, captured 5; but some of this scouting party, and
also some stragglers of the enemy, having escaped, I deemed it best to vary
from my instructions and strike the railroad farther west, thinking that they
would have warning of our approach at Morrison, and that the train would be
stopped before it got there. I accordingly went down the road, but out of sight
through the woods, until I arrived within a mile of Lick Spittle. Leaving my
command in the woods, I took 5 or 6 men, with axes, and went within 200
yards of the road, on foot, ready to tear up the track as soon as the train passed.
While in this position, the train's whistle was heard within about a mile of us.
We remained in this position a sufficient length of time for it to come along,
but it failing to do so, I then made another detour around the place (Lick Spittle), striking the road just west of it as quickly as we could, but the train had
gone back to Manchester. I then went up the road toward McMinnville;
destroyed one bridge at this point, 7 miles from Manchester, and all the others
between there and Morrison, except one or two small ones that would have
been too difficult, and consumed too much time to burn.
At Morrison I burned one locomotive and three cars that had been run out from
McMinnville, and also the railroad depot at this place. I encamped that night at
Mr. Snelling's, some 21/2 miles northeast of Morrison, and joined the rest of
the cavalry at McMinnville early the next morning, since which time nothing
requiring special report from me has occurred.
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My command marched fully 45 miles on this day (21st instant). On arriving in
the vicinity of the big trestle near Morrison, I sent word to the commanding
officer of the Second Kentucky Cavalry, through my adjutant, that he was
relieved from my command, and free to go wherever he had been ordered. The
officer in command, Capt. [O. ] Star, then came to me and said that Capt. [J. D.
] Wickliffe, the officer who started out in command, and who had special
instructions from the commanding general, was sick; that the men had only
two days' rations; that their horses were very tired (which was the case, they
having come at good speed for 6 or 8 miles that day), and that he, Capt. Star,
did not think the expedition could be carried out. I gave him to understand that
he was at perfect liberty to do as he chose, but I advised him to keep along with
me, for I thought, and still think, that the expedition would have been a failure
in the then disturbed state of the country. Capt. Wickliffe had fallen from his
horse before getting to the road. Some letters having fallen out of his pocket,
and having caught the attention of my provost-marshal, he brought them to me.
They were addressed to persons within the Confederate lines. In the hurry of
the moment, I directed the provost-marshal to take charge of him until further
orders. When I found that these were letters given Capt. Wickliffe by persons
in Kentucky, to be sent by him to the Confederate lines, under flag of truce, I
released him from arrest, but turned the letters over to Col. Minty.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
ELI LONG, Col., Cmdg. Second Cavalry Brigade.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 274-275.
April 21, 1863 - Capture of McMinnville by Federal forces; a woman's account
•See April 20, 1863-April 30, 1863-Expedition from Murfreesborough to McMinnville, destruction of Manchester to McMinnville railroad by Federal
forces under Brigadier-General J. J. ReynoldsNOTE 1
Well, well, well, and it is anything but well! Such a time as we have had during
the week that is past! We had just begun to get quieted down a little and to feel
that perhaps the war-fiend would spare us for awhile. On Monday (20th) Gen.
and Mrs. Morgan came out to see us. One item of our pleasant "running on"
was an agreement that Gen. M. should send me some fine "liquor"—(alias
brandy,) and I was to make he and Mrs. M. a bowl of elegant egg-nogg. Next
morning (21st). . . just about noon [my husband] came in, "Well, Bloss, the
Yankees are coming now—certain." I was combing my hair—and I remember
my face turned pale as I looked in the glass."Where are they?" "In a few
miles." I went and gathered up my fine books, silver, etc., land put them in my
trunks. . . It was too late for us to move anything if they did come, so I
assisted. . . in hustling a few things out of sight into our trunks and all we could
do was "sit deep and stay where we were." Presently. . . the blue line appeared
coming down the hill they rode off in a gallop towards town. Our pickets were
driven in. The Yankees threw out their skirmishing on both sides, those to the
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April 21, 1863
left dashed all around our house and down to the river, where they captured
John Paine and another soldier who were down there fishing. The first sight of
them made me mad—I did think before they came that I could treat them
politely-but "my goodness!" (as Gen. Morgan says) how hard it was for me to
be commonly civil to the thieves and scoundrels! Soon they were all round the
house—off their horses, and after the chickens, fussing and flying in every
direction. The little Ting came running in, crying and screaming "oh! they're
going to kill Mammy! they're going to kill Mammy!" I ran to the back door, 6
or 8 of them were at the smoke-house taking out the meat. They rode up and
presenting a pistol at her head, ordered her to show them the meat—Ting was
standing right by her side, and thinking they would surely kill her mammy she
flew wildly into the house screaming to me to save her. Poor child! how frightened she was! All this while their column was moving on into town—some
pausing on the hill-side between our house and Colonel Splurlock's [a neighbor]. Soon the porches were full of them—we were surrounded on all sides—
they took this battery certain. They crowded to the doors, some wanting one
thing and some another, all talking at once, until one imp of darkness started
into the house swearing he had heard we had meat hid and he was going to
search the house for it. Just as he was about to pass me I laid my hand on his
shoulder and looked him right in the eyes—(the devil was just about as tall as
myself and one of the most repulsive countenances I ever recoiled from,)—I
stopped him and asked "Are you a man?"—he hesitated a moment—seemed
surprised that I should dare interfere, and sail "Yes." "Are you a gentleman?"
he did not reply—but Mr. French who was standing just by smiled and said "of
course child"—"Well," I said, "if he is a gentleman he will show it by going out
of this house," and turning to another of the men who had a rather pleasant face
I asked "do your officers permit you to search houses without orders?" He said
not—it was strictly against orders—adding "You are loyal people?" "Yes," I
replied, "all our sympathies are entirely with the South." His countenance fell
in a moment—but by this time the wretch who had sworn to search the house
had "fallen back" among the crowd. By this time I saw them breaking into
Mammy's house and sent Jessie flying to the kitchen to tell her. By the time she
reached there the cabin was full—her drawers, trunks, and boxes upside down
and inside out—half of their contents on the floor. Lee's Sunday hat and pants
were gone and one of them had two coats making off with them. She gave
them a regular "blow out" and made them give up the coats, but when she had
come to clear them out and look about her she found they had taken her
spoons, her flour and sugar, her silk apron—bucket—Lee's shaving apparatus—Puss' breast pin collar, handkerchiefs, stockings, and a pink tarleton party
dress! The idea! I had all my jewelry, etc., under my hoops, and so had Mollie.
We had made enormous pockets and filled them with our choices valuable,
before the came. I really felt weighted down. The man who prevented that
hateful wretch, McKenzie, from going up stairs, I found out was a Scaright,
and a relative of the Scarights of Pa —of whom two, Tom and Jennie, were
great friends of mine at school. He was the only one among the whole 2500
that I saw that had the slightest claim to be considered a gentleman. . . Darlin'
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took him up stairs and showed him what meat and corn we had put away there,
and afterwards he prevented several from going to search—they would take his
word, but not ours, of course. After he left however—the Col. had to take 4 different sets of them up and show them what we had, and among them that hateful McKenzie, who after he had robbed the negro houses, swore he would
search the house and he would have what was there, and he didn't' care if our
children did starve. I could have looked on and seen that wretch hanged, I am
sure I could—just then. And now the cry was raised—"the factory!"—and sure
enough there it was all in a blaze. Then a great smoke told us that the R. R.
bridge and the old bridge by it were also burning. Soon the whole mass was
alight, and a grand tho' sorrowful sight it would have been to me, had I had
time to stand and look upon it—but this I did not. Towards evening the men
said they were ordered to leave and some rode off. Searight [a neighbor], with
whom I had a good deal of conversation, seemed troubled and ashamed of the
excesses the men were committing—I tried to have him some supper cooked,
but just as fast as the bread was baked and meat cooked, or even before, it was
taken off the stove—the kitchen being crowded all the time. Just before he rode
off I handed him some cake, which I wrapped up carefully and told him not to
allow anyone else to see. I was in great hopes then that they were all going
off—it was getting late in the evening and rain coming on. A portion of them
did move off, but just at dark here they all came back again, and camped right
"on top of us." The yard was full—the camp extended from the stables on the
left clear round in front—thro' the grove, on the hill between us and Col. Spurlock's to the bluff and down the bluff almost to the river. The prisoners they
had taken were confined in the "old stable" buildings—the "new stable" was
occupied by their officers. A Col. Jordon, Maj. Jones, and another Maj. were
here for supper, Jones being sick slept in the house, and the other two and a
guard occupied the front porch. I could scarcely keep my face straight at supper to see those officers try to "put on" the courtesy and easy dignity of Southern gentlemen—their manners were fit upon them like a stiff suit of new
clothes to a 10 year old boy. It amused me "to death." My poor little children
got no supper that night, except some cake I gave them at dark,—I tried to have
something got for them but could not succeed. When those officers sent to see
about supper, I told them they could have it if they would come and place a
guard at the kitchen if not, I could do nothing for them. They did so, and I gave
them some bread, biscuit, ham and wheat coffee. All of them had been drinking—I smelled the mean whisky as soon as they came inside the door and they
had red faced every one of them. . . At night M. [ollie] and I closed the curtains
fast of my room and went to work, our trunks had all been down stairs and into
my room—the place was crammed and jammed—we thought that ere they left
some desperadoes might search our trunks—so down between the mattresses
of my bed went silver cups, and plated, silk dresses, fine books, etc. (the bedstead was a "French" and very deep) then on went the bed clothes, and we lay
that night on "silk and silver" if we didn't sleep. None of us more than dozed all
night—it was one o'clock when I lay down. About dark I had had the negros
move everything of consequence from Mammy's house and the kitchen up
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April 21, 1863
stairs, and they slept in the house. It rained thundered and lightened all night
long, and was raining still in the morning when I rose. I was up and dressed
early—had the children dressed and sent up stairs—the girls and Mammy in
the dining room trying to cook us some breakfast. . . Just after breakfast two
men came to our doors—I went to open it Darlin being out, when they inquired
if "any Confederate soldier had staid in the house last night?" "No—some of
your officers did—but no Confederate." After some conversation it appeared
that the notorious Dick McCann, whom they had made prisoner the day previous, and who was confined with the rest of the prisoners at the stable, had
made his escape, and they were all furious about it. Soon after, here they were
to search the house they were all furious about it. Soon after, here they came to
search the house for Dick McCann—one man swearing that he saw him run
from the negro house to the big house. I laughed at first at the idea of their
being such fools as to think McCann would stop here right in the midst of
them—but soon my attention was called to Mollie who had fallen aback on the
bed almost fainting when she heard the head of that armed ten men say in a
bullying insolent tone, "I have orders to search this house for that man, and I
don't find him I shall set fire here, sir." "Very well," said the Col. quietly, opening the dining-room door and showing them in [and saying] "proceed with
your examination. Your prisoner is not here and I beg you will satisfy yourselves." Poor Mollie she as pale as the pillow she lay on. I was working with
her when the two of them burst into the room—looked in the wardrobe tossed
up the children's bed—looked under mine, but as good luck would have it did
not make Mollie rise—seeing her critical state I suppose. They went over the
hose like a thunderstorm—looked in the dirty clothes basket even. . . Everywhere, and in everything, they went with a rush, tossing and turning up everything, before them, and left, after tearing out the under-pinning of the house,
and finding—a setting hen! They then fired the stable buildings where the prisoners had been kept and stood round it for awhile with their guns, looking for
Dick McCann to jump out at them from a corn-shuck. Two came dashing up to
the kitchen and smokehouse and after cursing and snorting round there awhile
came to the house—and went thro' the search again. I. . . went to the back
door—a fellow sat there on his horse and I think he was the maddest man I
ever saw. He leveled his pistol at me as soon as I appeared—I supposed he
thought I was about to shoot him with the camphor-bottle I held in my hand. . .
I said "It is an impossibility sir, for you to find your prisoner here—he is not
and has not been here." He replied angrily "When a man sees a [skunk?] Miss,
he knows it—and I saw that man run up to this house—I saw it myself." "Well
then," said I "if you saw him why did you not at that time pursue and take
him?" "We are going to get him." "One thing is certain you are not going to
take him here-it is simply impossible for you to find him where he is not!" I
was so mad that if medicines had not been so scarce I think I would had shot
him with camfire! Just then the. . . searchers rushed by me out of the house and
they all put off together towards the stable. I look out the front door,—the
porch floor was all torn up—about 200 men sitting on their horses were ranged
all along the front fence facing the house, watching either for the escape of
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April 21, 1863
Dick McCann, or for the firing of the house. I am not certain that they expected
even that McCann was here—I think sometimes their object was to search the
house for plunder. The looked in wash-stands—safes, and twenty places were a
man could not possibly be hid, and even climbed up the posts of my bed-stead
to look on top of the canopy! After they were gone the sight that this house presented was awful—and Mammy's house—no pen can describe. The stables
burned all day—Darlin' save about one half of one poultry-house after they
left. . . They had boasted so over the taking of Dick McCann that when he
escaped them, they were perfectly furious, and it is a thousand wonders they
didn't arrest the Col., as he escaped here, or burn the place—-Anybody would
have laughed to have seen the supper I gave those officers: biscuits, battercakes, hand and wheat coffee—voila tout!. . . All the wretches were from Indiana and Pennsylvania,—Great Caesar! How I did hate them! That imp of the
devil, McKenzie, after he had been up stairs and searched for provisions—met
Mollie in the hall and said to her in the hatefullest, taunting way, "is that all ye
got? if it is I pity ye!" Oh how I did want to kill him—the reptile!--They did not
behave as badly in town as they did here—some houses were searched, but
they burned no property save the factory and bridges. The factory they fired
without once warning the operatives, and the building was on fire before the
inmates up stairs—some in the third story, and nearly all women, knew anything of it all. . . Mrs. Morgan and Mrs. McCann left for Sparta in an ambulance about an hour and a half before the Yankees got to town. Morgan sat on
his horse at Mrs. Meyers door until the head of the enemy's column
appeared. . . he then fired off his revolver at them and "skedaddled," in the
direction of Sparta. . . Dick McCann was drunk and whether he did it to save
Morgan or not I don't know, but he was on the square when the Yanks filed into
it. Seated on his horse he called out "halt!" and the whole [Yankee] column
halted."Who the devil are you?" cried the advance."I'm the great chief,"
responded Dick. In an instant the cry rang back along the whole line."Morgan,
Morgan, we've got 'im! we've got 'im"—and they dashed forward."Surrender!"
"I'll be damned if I do.—come on!" And in an instant they were upon him—a
sabre cut laid open his head, etc., he was thrown from his horse. . . They
brought the prisoners out here and put them in the stables—about midnight
Dick McCann escaped. He says he feigned to be exceedingly weak from his
wound—once he said "Boys I wish you'd be kind enough to raise me up, I want
to change my position." They did so, and he fell, apparently exhausted. He had
a canteen of the meanest whisky extant—with this he was so kind and generous to the guard that he made them all drunk—the night was pitch dark—raining, thundering, and lightning—Dick moved a rock and got out—got down to
the river, swam it. . . and by daylight he had a horse and was off towards
Sparta. As they were carrying him past Armstrong's when they took him he
called out to Mollie[:]"Tell my wife I'm not dead yet and I'll fight them
again."—On Friday night about 8 o'clock Mrs. Rowans sent a runner to tell us
to come right in, that the Yankees were 31/2 miles of town. The rumor ran that
Wheeler was driving this force back. We hurried up a cart, got our trunks taken
in to Mrs. Rowan's and about 10 o'clock Mollie and Martha took the children
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April 21, 1863
in. What would I have thought two years ago to have seen my children driven
from home at night to seek shelter where they could? Mrs. Rowan gathered
them up as soon as they got in, exclaiming, "You poor little things, and did you
have to be driven away from home at this hour of the night?" They were nearly
asleep—Martha undressed them, and almost ere their young heads touched the
pillows they were gone to dream-land. We confidently expected the Yanks in
the morning, and as we had got so little away, Darlin' and myself remained at
home—Puss and Mammy came to the house to sleep. Early next morning Darlin' went in to get the news and ere he returned the children came flying home
to tell me that it was not the Yankees that were coming at all—but—Gens.
Wheeler and Wharton! Oh! didn't we rejoice—first that it was not our enemies
and second that our friends for whom we had been anxious, were safe! We
were so uneasy lest Gen. Wheeler should not be able to get out for we understood that the enemy were surrounding him, advancing on him in the usual
"three Columns" —one from here, one from Murfreesboro and one from Lebanon—but they did get out with all their men and 100 wagons, and safely too.
This afternoon Maj. Chaffie of Gen. Wheeler's staff sent me a package from
the Gen. containing a new Poem just issued by Goetzel and Co. of Mobile—
entitled "Tannhauser"-(by two young Englishmen,) and a letter from Mrs.
LeVert. I was delighted to see Madame's letter, and she no doubt has missed
mine. Such is the present demoralization of the mails. This evening Maj.
Buford and Major Chaffie called—Oh! I was glad to see Maj. B. It seemed an
age had passed over us since we had seen him—that one day and night under
Yankee Dominion made itself into months. We learned some particulars of
Wheeler's campaign—they went with 8 miles of Nashville—were at Lavergne
midway between Murfreesboro and Nashville, and captured the train at Antioch. They captured a large mail, and Maj. B. Gave Mollie some trophies in
"Greenbacks" etc. He said the letters were rich specimens—he opened some
hundreds and that was not 50 intelligent letters among them. The greater portion of them contained rings, crosses, jewelry, etc. which the writers were sending to sisters and sweethearts and which they said "were taken from the rebel
women". . . Maj. Chaffie told us of a Captain Steele with 10 men who kept the
whole regiment of Yanks from advancing on his wagons—the day they left
McMinnville. They had the fore wheels for a wagon—on this they placed a
log, and ran it up and down across the road insight of the enemy who from a
distance thought it was a cannon or so—and suspecting an ambuscade
"skeedaddled" back to town. We have all out best things away now, except for
my piano. I do not anticipate another visit from the devil soon—because did all
the mischief they came to do—viz.,: burnt the factory and destroyed the R. R.
bridge. At Morrison they burn the Depot and tore up the track—capturing the
train which left here and our mail—also some prisoners. The train coming up
they put back in a hurry. We are now in a desolate house—I laughed heartily
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April 21, 1863
when Maj. Burford and Chaffie came—the parlor was entirely bare almost and
we had hardly chairs enough to seat the company!
War Journal of Lucy Virginia French, excerpt from the entry for April 26,
1863.
The Experience of the 2nd Tennessee Cavalry in McMinnville
On the 20th of April, 1863, we started for McMinnville. On the morning of the
21st, at daylight, we dashed into town and drove out John H. Morgan and his
forces, capturing several prisoners. Morgan was in a private houseNOTE 1 and
saved himself by mounting his fine steed, striking spurs into his side and galloping off at lightning speed. We captured quite a quantity of army stores,
including a train of cars, all of which we destroyed. We captured a large supply
of whisky which was issued to the men and resulted in lively times. We found
in this beautiful town quite a number of Union families, whiles those of the
Confederate faith were mild and respectful. We returned by way of Liberty and
then back to Murfreesboro,' arriving at our camps April 29th.
Knoxville Daily Chronicle, January 29, 1879.
NOTE 1: Morgan did the same thing in Greeneville, in early September 1864, but was
shot down while trying to escape.
The McMinnville Raid
On MondayNOTE 1 of last week [20th] a body of Federal cavalry from Murfreesboro dashed into McMinnville and burned the Cotton Factory, which was
one of the most extensive and valuable in the South, and, beside, destroyed the
Depot, Railroad Bridge, a locomotive and three box cars.
The question naturally arises, through whose carelessness was the raid permitted? Why was McMinnville left unprotected? Factories and provisions are not
so plentiful in the South that we can afford to loser them in this wise. A Court
of Inquiry should be held to ascertain how it is that a cavalry command can
dash to the rear of Gen. Bragg's army, destroy property of inestimable value,
and return to their own lines unmolested. There was—there must have been,
gross negligence.
Fayetteville Observer, April 30, 1863.
NOTE 1: The McMinnville Raid actually took place on the 21st. The editor of the
Fayetteville Observer erred.
April 21, 1863 - Federal orders indefinitely to keep cavalry on Lebanon Pike and Stones
River
HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Murfreesborough, April
21, 1863.
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April 21, 1863
Brig. Gen. THOMAS L. CRITTENDEN, Cmdg. Twenty-first Corps:
GEN.: The general commanding directs you to keep the infantry and cavalry
sent out to Stone's River, on the Lebanon pike, last night where they are for the
present. They are designed to observe any movement the enemy makes in consequence of Gen. Reynolds' expedition to McMinnville and Liberty. It is possible the rebels may attempt to escape by crossing Stone's River and making
their way toward the Harpeth. Col. Palmer's cavalry should keep a sharp lookout toward Baird's Mills.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. A. GARFIELD, Brig.-Gen. and Chief of Staff.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 263.
April 21, 1863 - Federal cavalry feint during attack upon McMinnville
HDQRS. TWENTIETH ARMY CORPS.
Murfreesborough, April 21, 1863.
Maj. Gen. P. H. SHERIDAN, Cmdg. Third Division:
GEN.: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication
inclosing report of Col. Bradley. There was no especial news that caused the
retrograde movement to-day. The position of the troops on the Shelbyville,
Middleton, and Salem roads was reported to-day, at 2 p. m., to the general
commanding, and the retrograde movements made were at his direction. It is
believed that Gen. Reynolds entered McMinnville to-day, and, as stated in a
previous communication, these movements were intended to be a feint to confuse the enemy.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
G. P. THRUSTON. Assistant Adjutant-Gen. and Chief of Staff.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 263.
April 21, 1863 - A sham battle at Tullahoma: R. D. Jamison's (49th Tennessee Infantry) letter to his spouse
Today we had a sham battle between our Division and Claiborne's and we
whipped them powerfully. Next Friday we are going to have another and bring
in the artillery on each side, but this move will break it all up.
. . . Dearest, you ought to see me. You would hardly know me because I am so
fat and have shaved off all my whiskers. My face is all clear of hair now as
when at home when there was no war. Must I turn out my whiskers any more
or not?
Robert D. Jamison Papers, TSLA
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April 21, 1863 - Major-General Rosecrans issues GENERAL ORDERS, No. 87, relative to
the observance of the national day of prayer and fasting, April 30, 1863
GENERAL ORDERS, No. 87. HDQRS. DEPT. OF THE CUMBERLAND.
Murfreesborough, Tenn., April 21, 1863.
In accordance with the proclamation of the President of the United States,
Thursday the 30th day of the present month, will be observed in this army as a
day of fasting, humiliation, and prayer.
The general commanding desires, in thus ordering the observance of this
national fast, to impress upon the minds of the officers and soldiers of this
army the fact that if we expect the blessing of Almighty God upon our efforts
to suppress this rebellion, we must place our trust in Him. Let us acknowledge
our entire dependence on Him; let us, by this public and solemn act of humiliation confess the truth that we have often outraged the rights of conscience, and
disregarded the authority of the God, of truth and justice. Let us, then, as reason and religion dictate, arise from our humiliation with a firm resolution that
we will hereafter avoid blasphemy, impurity, and every kind of wrong toward
God, our neighbors, or ourselves, humbly hoping and trusting that God in his
mercy will aid us in keeping our good resolutions, and that He will deliver us
from the unjust and cruel enemy, who, with lying lips and malicious hearts,
seek to destroy us and the nation. If we do this we shall surely conquer peace
and liberty for ourselves and our children, both North and South.
By command of Maj.-Gen. Rosecrans:
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 265.
April 21, 1863 - Ellet's Marine Brigade destroy mills and commissary supplies near Savannah
No circumstantial reports filed.
Excerpt from the Itinerary of the Mississippi Marine Brigade for April, 1863.
~~~
On the 21st, was forced to leave Eastport, in consequence of the water falling
rapidly. Landed at Savannah, and sent scouting parties out to burn mills used
by the enemy. Destroyed the mills, with large amount of commissary supplies.
Captured 3 of the enemy's pickets, and returned without loss.
~~~
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, p. 279.
April 21, 1863 - Consequences for Disloyalty in Nashville
ORDERS
Headquarters, U. S. Forces
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 161
April 21, 1863
Nashville, Tenn., April 21.
Orders.
The sympathizers with the existing rebellion in this city and vicinity, apparently considering the dictates of their political sympathies as of more power
than the obligations imposed upon them by their residence and protection
within the Federal lines, the General commanding of this post orders as follows:
I. All white persons over the age of eighteen years and residing witching the
lines of this command, who do not witching ten days from the publication of
this order, subscribe to the oath of allegiance or non combatants' parole, and
file with Col. John A. Martin, Provost Marshal, bonds with sufficient securities
for the faithful observance of such oaths or paroles will be requested to go
South of the lines of this army, by routes to be designated by the military
authorities.
II. Parties who have already subscribed to proper oaths or paroles and bonds,
and who have not been guilty of acts or words of treason subsequent to the taking of such obligations, are exempted from the operations of this order.
III. Forfeiture of the amount of bonds given as above, and of all other property
of persons violating obligations taken in accordance with this order, together
with such other punishment as may be decreed by a military commission, will
follow any violation of the requirements of such oaths or paroles.
IV. All persons who are unwilling to subscribe to the obligations herein
ordered, will report their names and place of residence, within ten days specified, to Col. John A. Martin, Provost Marshal.
By order of
Brig Gen. Robt. B. Mitchell
Nashville Daily Union, April 21, 1863.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: This order does not appear in the OR, however, it was reprinted in the Memphis Bulletin, April 29, 1863.
April 21, 1863 - "Read this to them and If I live to get home safe and sound they may dread
me and my navy." Lieutenant A. J. Lacy's letter home to his parents in
Jackson County
Springhill Maury Co Tenn April the 21st 1863
My dear Father and Mother,
I am once more permitted to take my pin in hand to drop you a few lines to
inform you that I am reasonably well at the present. Hoping that if these lines
arrives safely to your hand that they will find you all enjoying the best of
health.
Page 162 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 21, 1863
I havent much important news to write to you. There is 7 briggades of Cavalry
here at the present. We are in Gen Armstrongs briggade. Gen Forest has been
promoted to Major Gen. Gen Vandorn is also a major general. There is a large
force at Franklin now of the Fedderals. I was on picket the 18th 19th and 20th
of this inst. The 18th they came out about 500 Yanks and fired on us. Run our
advance picket back 1 mi. About that time Major Forest came up [and] took 15
men and we went and run them back. When we got in sight of them they was
all formed in a line of battle. Wee fired on their pickets. They began to fall
back. We followed them 2 mil and we halted and put our pickets on a gain.
Wee are expecting an engagement evry; day here. WE have to keep 2 days
rashens on hands on that account. We are a doing harder drilling now than we
ever have and have strictter orders in general. A man cant go out of camps
without a pass signed by the major genn.
We had a general review the other day. All 7 briggades was there on the field
and all the batteries. All the gen marched around us and 2 brass bands of
musick marching after them. It was a beautiful sight. It was 10 or 15 thousand
cavalry all together. It was a great sight. Our independence is verry costly to us
but if I live untill it is gained and return home once more I think that I will see
a great deal of pleasure with my friends by no Union man need not expect my
friendship for I would as live shoot one as look at him for Torys I despise. Read
this to them and If I live to get home safe and sound they may, dread me and
my navy.
I will change the subject. If you can get Drapers buttons for me do so and then
if that coat you have had made for me is grey lanes put them on it and send
them to me if you can right off. Do the best you can.
Well Elisabeth I thought I would right you a letter but I have got some business
to attend to so I cant have the chance I would like to see and that fine large boy.
You must excuse me for I have to close. Tell mother that I want her to write to
me again and you and Father. Also write often. My friends give my best
respects to all my friends if such there be. Give my best respects to M W Cummins, Uncle Joseph Grimsley, Capt Matheny. You can tell Capt Mathene that I
can give Lem great praise for he is as find a boy as can be found. Tell my
friends that I want them to right to me and that is all the pleasure that I can see
while off here in a distant land. I will close by asscribing our names as friends
now and forever. Your most obedient and best friend
Lacy Correspondence.
April 21, 1863 - "Southern soldiers will visit their friends. . . " An excerpt from the diary of
Mary L. Pearre
~~~
Bro. Robert is here again tonight. Also spent Sat. night here. Chas. Sawyer was
our guest last night.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 163
April 21, 1863
Southern soldiers will visit their friends, let yanks do what they may to prevent
them. They come in the night and leave at dawn. Have not seen Bob C. since
the night we had such a dispute. He is afraid to show himself on this side of
Harpeth since the Federals scout through here so frequently.
If he is well I wish he would join his company and save his reputation.
~~~
Diary of Mary L. Pearre
April 21, 1863 - The oath or exile in Nashville
Wednesday 21 [April 1863]. An order in today's paper, ordering every white
person over 18 to take the oath in 10 days or be sent South, how unhappy. . .
Diary of Rebecca Carter Craighead.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: Diary of Rebecca Carter Craighead, TSLA Civil War Collection.
April 21, 1863 - April 28, 1863 - Correspondence between Major General W. S. Rosecrans
and President Abraham Lincoln about an alleged conflict between the military police and civil authority in Nashville
MURFREESBOROUGH, TENN., April 21, 1863—11 p. m.
His Excellency ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
President of the United States:
Thrice has notice directly come to me that some complaint has been lodged in
the minds of persons high in authority, or in records in the War Office, against
the working of my army police, or that there was a conflict of authority
between civil and military. Each time I have stated that I know of none, and
asked for he specifications, that I might remedy the evil. No reply has been
given, no information of what this all means. If there be anything wrong I want
to know it, and appeal to you to please order the complaints to be communicated to me fully. If the fox is unearthed, I will promise to skin him or pay for
his hide.
W. S. ROSECRANS, Maj.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 262-263.
EXECUTIVE MANSION, Washington, April 23, 1863—10.10 a. m.
Maj.-Gen. ROSECRANS, Murfreesborough, Tenn.:
Your dispatch of the 21st received. I really cannot say that I have heard any
complaint of you. I have heard complaint of a police corps at Nashville, but
your name was not mentioned in connection with it, so far as I remember. It
may be that by inference you are connected with it, but my attention has never
been drawn to it in that light.
Page 164 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 21, 1863
A. LINCOLN.
OR, Ser.I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 268.
April 21, 1863 - April 24, 1863 - Federal reconnaissance and demonstration in force, Murfreesborough to Stones River on Lebanon Pike
No circumstantial reports filed.
HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Murfreesborough, April
20, 1863—7.15 p. m.
Maj. Gen. THOMAS L. CRITTENDEN, Cmdg. Twenty-first Corps:
The general commanding directs you to send one brigade immediately on the
Lebanon pike to Stone's River. The enemy appears to be demonstrating toward
La Vergne, and your brigade is designed to attract his attention this way. Col.
Palmer's cavalry will report to you, to accompany the brigade. Direct them to
build a considerable line of fires in their front, and make an ostentatious display of force. The cavalry may feel out cautiously beyond the river in the
morning. The whole force will take two days' rations.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. A. GARFIELD, Brig.-Gen. and Chief of Staff.
HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND.
Murfreesborough, April 20, 1863.
Col. W. J. PALMER, Cmdg. Anderson Cavalry:
COL.: The general commanding directs you to report with the whole of your
available force to Maj.-Gen. Crittenden immediately to accompany a brigade
from his corps out on the Lebanon pike to the crossing of Stone's River. He
directs me to say that he wishes you to make as much display of your force as
possible, to induce the enemy to believe that we are moving in large force. It is
not intended that these troops shall cross the river to-night.
You will receive further orders from Gen. Crittenden, to whom you will report
in person as soon as you have given the necessary orders to your command.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
C. GODDARD, Lieut.-Col. and Aide-de-Camp.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 257-258.
April 21, 1863 - April 24, 1863 - Federal reconnaissance in force from Murfreesborough on
Shelbyville Pike
HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Murfreesborough, April
20, 1863.
No circumstantial reports filed.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 165
April 21, 1863
Maj.-Gen. McCOOK: Cmdg. Twentieth Army Corps:
The general commanding directs you to send one brigade, with three days'
rations, out on the Shelbyville pike to-morrow morning; also a brigade, or such
part of a brigade as you may deem sufficient, with three days' rations, to go out
beyond Salem 4 or 5 miles, toward Versailles or down the Middleton road, as
you may think best. The design of these movements is to cover an expedition
of Gen. Reynolds to McMinnville by threatening the enemy in front. Direct
these forces to advance cautiously, as if desiring to conceal their movements,
but to go far enough to create the impression that we are preparing an advance
on Shelbyville. Of course, it is not desired to engage the enemy, unless he
attacks, but it may be well for you to be in readiness to support these advanced
forces should it become necessary.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. A. GARFIELD, Brig.-Gen., and Chief of Staff.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 257
April 21, 1863 - April 24, 1863 - Federal feint, from Murfreesborough on Manchester Pike
No circumstantial reports filed.
HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Murfreesborough, April
20, 1863.
Maj. Gen. GEORGE H. THOMAS, Cmdg. Fourteenth Corps:
The general commanding directs you to send a brigade, with three days'
rations, to-morrow morning out on the Manchester pike 5 or 6 miles or far
enough to engage the attention of the enemy. He desires it to move cautiously
as if desiring to conceal its advance; the purpose being to cover the movements
of Gen. Reynolds by a diversion in their front.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. A. GARFIELD, Brig.-Gen. and Chief of Staff.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 258.
April 21, 1863 - April 26, 1863 - Reconnaissance in force, Murfreesborough to Nashville to
guard against enemy passage over Stones River
No circumstantial reports filed.
HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, Murfreesborough, April
20, 1863.
Brig. Gen. JOHN BEATTY, Cmdg. Third Brig. Second Div., Fourteenth Army
Corps:
Page 166 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 21, 1863
The general commanding directs you to put your brigade in readiness, and
march to-morrow at 2 o'clock, with five days' rations and 100 rounds of ammunition.
Capt. Stokes will report to you and accompany you with his battery; also one
regiment from Col. Harker's brigade.
You will proceed toward Nashville, and take a position near Scrougeville, for
the purpose of resisting any attempt of the enemy's cavalry to cross Stone's
River or to attack Nashville or La Vergne. You will, on the way, consult with
Col. Este, commanding at La Vergne, in regard to the best points to occupy to
effect your purpose. It may be policy for you not to retain one position very
long, but change from time to time, so as to watch the various avenues of
approach, and also deceive the enemy as to your whereabouts and strength.
You will neither take your tents nor camp equipage. Report by telegraph from
La Vergne anything of importance, and report daily, whether there be any news
or not.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. A. GARFIELD, Brig.-Gen. and Chief of Staff.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 256.
April 21, 1863 - April 30, 1863 - The Third Tennessee [U. S. ] Cavalry in McMinnville and
environs
~~~
On the morning of the 21st the command was again put on the march, passing
through Woodbury about sunrise, there leaving the pike and following a rough
dirt pad. In the afternoon the march was quickened into a trot and after a while
to a gallop. Here and there could be seen broken guns and other weapons indicating that work was going on in front. This rapid march was kept up some two
or three miles, when we came to McMinnville, passing through the streets in a
fast gallop. As we were thus passing through the town, a little boy come running down a box or large stone on the corner of the street, mounting it he
unfurled the stars and stripes and joyously waved it to cheer us on. This was
something we had not me anywhere in Middle Tennessee, so that it raised the
spirits of tired and worn soldiers until they were ready to do and to dare anything for the brave little boy who had kept his flag hid until this opportunity
was given to cast it to the breezes. Soon another greeting was given by loud,
strong voices at the side of the road, shouting for the Union and the boys in
blue. They turned out to be some of our own brigade who had been captured,
and were kept there as prisoners of war, being now recaptured they cheered us
lustily. Passing through the town, the command dashed at full speed down a
very steep hillside into a deep, clear river, neither halting for hill or river, but
going as horses could well travel some little distance beyond the river, when a
halt was called, upon which an orderly came with orders to report immediately
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 167
April 21, 1863
back in McMinnville. Upon getting back we were informed that an engine with
one or two cars had just left the depot, and we were ordered to pursue it. As
reckless and silly as it may seem, the Second and Third Tennessee and Second
Michigan Cavalry started after it. In passing along, the road led us by a large
cotton mill. Here, it seemed, there was a hundred or more women employees of
the mills, crowding the doors and windows, excitedly cheering us with their
handkerchiefs which was answered by the officers and many of the men raising
their hats. These tokens of loyalty reminded us of our own loved, but chainbound East Tennessee. Soon after we started we found the rebels were loaded
with bacon, and they were setting it on fire and throwing it out. On, wildly
chased the cavalrymen, every few rods passing middlings of fat bacon simmering and smoking, while the burning lard was spreading over the ground. Following the railroad some ten miles, behold, the engine was in sight of us, but
on fire. So, dashing up, it was found to be injured from the fire, but apparently
had been in good running order, except, perhaps from the want of some water.
An engineer of our command mounted it and raised some steam, then
attempted to put it to full speed and run down, on fire, into Bragg's camps then
at Tullahoma, but the thing was too badly damaged and would not move. Next,
our way was retraced, dark fast coming upon us, but the way was lighted by the
burning bacon. Imagine our surprise and chagrin upon coming back to the cotton mills to find them smoldering in ashes.—burned to the ground by some
reckless soldier and so many loyally women thrown out of employment among
their enemies.
Sleeping a few hours near McMinnville, we moved out the next morning passing through Smithville and bivoacing some seven miles from the latter place.
On the 23rd we were supplied with some rations and moved to Liberty. Here I
took supper and breakfast the first time I had taken a meal in a house with citizens since the 5th of August before—over eight months. On the 25th we
moved to Alexandria. Here a little squad of us went into a mill, getting bran for
our horses, part of our guard stepped in at another and arrested all in the mill,
taking them to jail and keeping them all night-a narrow escaped for some of us.
On the 27th we moved back near Liberty, and on the 29th moved against
toward Murfreesboro, passing through Auburn and Lascassas, returning to
camps on the 30th of April.
On this raid and at McMinnville, the notorious guerilla and bushwhacker Dick
McCann, was badly sabred and captured. He was them place in charge of the
Fourth Regular Cavalry, and at night he maid his escape and went back to his
old haunts and practices.
Knoxville Daily Chronicle, May 30, 1879. NOTE 1
NOTE 1: As cited from: William A. McTeer, Reminiscences of the Third Tennessee
Cavalry, No. XIII, "The McMinnville Raid."
Page 168 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 22, 1863
April 22, 1863 - Skirmish at Hartsville
No circumstantial reports filed.
April 22, 1863 - Skirmish at McMinnville
•See April 19, 1863--Federal attack upon Celina
April 22, 1863 - Coercing loyalty
At Nashville. . . by order of Brigadier-General R. B. Mitchell, all white persons
over the age of eighteen years residing in the lines of his command were compelled to subscribe to the oath of allegiance or non-combatant's parole, or go
South.
Rebellion Record, Vol. 6, p. 66.
April 22, 1863 - A Traveler's Observations on the Life of Confederate Soldiers in Middle
Tennessee
Tullahoma, Tenn., April 22, 1863.
We arrived here, as I predicted, on Sunday night. We came through with a
whiz—resting not night or day, excepting a few hours to cook. Those who
travel now-a-days should bring their own victuals cooked. There is nothing to
eat in the wayside hotels or taverns. I was swindled twice into hotels on the
way and got nothing to eat. The best way is to go into the eating-room, look at
the victuals on the table, if you like the spread sit down, if otherwise, leave.
~~~
But let me now tell how vain hospitable hopes were quickly blighted by a Tennessee matron. We had bivouacked to cook and rest for a night, when I went to
a comfortable looking house, where there was a well, and sent in my Ethiope to
beg the loan of a tub to wash my feet in.
The tub came, with a message from madam that she wished to see me as soon
as convenient. What could she want? Of course, thought I, she means to invite
me to tea, if not to a bed, and my fancy began to revel in the anticipated comfort. I came, I saw—but didn't conquer; for all that she wanted was to request
me to put a guard over her premises, to protect them from the soldiers! Such is
life! But I comfort myself with the thought that she did not see me, for it was
dark, and no candle lighted.
But enough of women for the present. The greater part of the way from Chattanooga to Tullahoma is through the Alleghany mountains. It abounds in the
wildest and most irregular and chaotic aspects of nature. High overhanging
cliffs of granite, narrow and tortuous cuts along the bases of the eternal and
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 169
April 22, 1863
adamantine hills, bridged chasms and abysses, deep valleys and high, bald
mountain peaks, make up the chequered scene. . .
~~~
Tullahoma is in the level plain between the Allegheny and Cumberland Mountains. The surface of this wide plain is very level, and but for the dense woods
covering it, would be a fine field for cavalry exploits. As it is, cavalry and artillery are almost useless. Query—has at here ever been a cavalry charge in any
of our great or considerable battles? I have never heard of one. The fact is, that
we have always had too much of "the cavalry." One infantry soldier is worth
five cavalry men, and costs only one third the money.
I do not mean to deny or disparage the achievements of Wheeler, Forrest, Stuart, Van Dorn, and others. They are brilliant, great and important. But the truth
is, that their commands are not really cavalry—they are mounted infantry, who
ride for celerity, but actually fight on foot. What downright nonsense to speak
of cavalry attacking gunboats, forts and towns! And yet the telegrams are full
of such flap doodle. The only use of cavalry horses in battle is to charge in
heavy masses on the enemy, in which the horse is the means of offence more
than the sabre or pistol. For no other use is it excusable to expose horses to the
perils of battle. If cavalry fight infantry or artillery, except by charging them,
the cavalry are inevitably whipped. Let not my gallant cavalry friends take
offense. I admit their gallantry, but I deny their usefulness, and I am uttering
military truths for the good of the country. I am not willing to see the forage of
the country consumed by cavalry horses, which render no adequate service. I
would advise the voltigeurNOTE 1 plan, which might be made very effective. Of
course, I do not mean to say that we should have no cavalry, but that we should
have much less of it. The properties it bears to the other arms is much too large,
considering the aspects of our country and its supplies of grain. We have here
large numbers of cavalry men who have outlived their horses, and are afoot.
They grumble furiously of being put into infantry service. Let them be added to
the horse-cavalry as voltigeurs.
Tullahoma is about an average specimen of the "ram-shackling" villages that
dot the railroads. The citizens are all gone, and the houses are occupied by the
Generals and their staffs. There is not market, and nothing to eat, except army
rations. Those seem to be abundant, especially bacon and meal. We get no
more beef—bully for that. The good luck of the 38th is yet unchanged. Just at
the desirable moment, when Mobile is getting hot and dull, we are transferred
to this elevated, healthful, pleasant region. The air is cool, sweet and bracing,
the water unsurpassed, the feed plentiful and substantial, though lacking variety, and the prospect ahead very exhilarating. Altogether, we are lucky to get
away from Mobile. A city is so demoralizing, so fatal to discipline. Though we
sigh for "the girl we left behind us," yet the parting is for our own and our
country's good.
The amusements here are running rabbits and sham battles. A general whoop
announces the discovery of a rabbit, when he is surrounded, and rarely escapes.
Page 170 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 23, 1863
The first rabbit jumped yesterday ran near me, and with a rock I brought him
down the first try. He made a good stew. Rabbits sell for $12 a dozen. The
sham battles are fought by opposing brigades or divisions, with blank cartridges. A good battle is to come off on Friday, of which there was a rehearsal
yesterday. I am not a participant, but hope to "be there to see." It is said that
fine ladies come from Huntsville, Columbia, McMinnville and Shelbyville to
see these battles, and a gay time is had. There is, in consequence, a good deal
of "courting down in Tennessee." A dashing, young, bachelor General is said
to be the marked-out victim of the aspiring ladies who have "button on the
brain," and that they are sending him the tenderest missives. Two of "the staff"
have given $1000 for a fine carriage to ride the ladies in.
There is a girl in the neighborhood reputed to be worth half a million of Confederate dollars. If any of the staff get her, the stock in the carriage will be a
good investment. There is a high cascade in a mile and a half of the place,
which is said to be a "romantic" and favoritere sort for "loviers." We are so
closely confined to camp that there is no opportunity to see much.
No officer or soldier can be absent but two hours at a time, and then only by
permission by his General. I have to sleep in my clothes, minus shoes and cap
only, to be ready to jump up harnessed in a moment, in answer to the long-roll.
What a chaos, a hurly burly, is a great camp! Everybody is asking, but nobody
answering questions. It is nearly impossible to find anybody or any place or
thing. I was a couple of hours hunting up the Inspector General. I asked a fellow at the Inspector's house where he was, and he didn't know, had just arrived
himself, and asked me if I were not Governor of the town, whom he wished to
see. Everybody is a wag, or a malicious snarler, and won't tell you anything."Whose regiment is that," some one asks."—"Our'n" is the proving
answer. All about the village are such inhospitable notices as this—"Animals
hitched here will be cut loose." Sardines are held at $24 a (full) box, and inferior funked tobacco at $5 a pound. . .
Bayonet.
Mobile Register and Advertiser, April 29, 1863.NOTE 2
NOTE 1: Light infantry, a military concept born of the innovations of Napoleonic
France. See: R. Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. DuPuy, The Enclyclopedia Of
Military History From 3500 B. C. To The Present, Second Revised Edition,
(New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1986), pp. 665, 782.
NOTE 2: As cited in: http://www.uttyl.edu/vbetts.
April 23, 1863 - Skirmish on Shelbyville Pike
No circumstantial reports filed.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 171
April 23, 1863
April 23, 1863 - Guerrilla depredations near Richland
HDQRS. 129TH ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS, Richland, Tenn., April 27, 1863.
Capt. PHELPS PAINE, Assistant Adjutant-Gen.:
SIR: I have to report to the general commanding that a band of thirteen guerrillas, on the evening of the 23d instant, attacked a Union man named Thomas
Nowill, at his residence, some four miles from our camp. After severely
wounding him, they succeeded in capturing; took him his family without hat or
coat; took him off some fifteen miles and there murdered him, literally hewing
him to pieces. With them were some at least of what Capt. Peddicord used to
call his "command"—Ellis Harper—Berryman, and, some say, Peter Blane. As
we could not take the murderers, I sent down yesterday the fathers of Harper
and Berryman. Last night, some 2 a. m., I received pretty reliable information
that a band of some seventy-five rebels were moving toward Franklin, on La
Fayette road. My mounted men were then out and did not return until about
daylight, and then so jaded were their horses that I have not been able to ascertain any further news. Almost nightly robberies are committed in the country
out from five to fifteen miles from this station. If we are expected to stop this a
much larger mounted force will be indispensable; though if there were one of
the companies from the tunnel sent here, so that I could send 75 or 100 into the
country to watch roads, fords, and houses at night, we might possibly effect
something more. If four companies at the tunnel would build some little stockades they would be quite as safe as the five now are. Should the general see fit
to move any company from the tunnel here, Capt. Baird, of Company E, has
asked me to get his company moved here, if be in accordance with the best
interests of the service. He would be a very efficient officer in that kind of service.
Your most obedient servant,
A. J. CROPSEY, Maj. 129th, Cmdg. Regt.
OR, Ser. I. Vol. 52, pt. I, p. 305.
April 23, 1863 - Bragg orders ordnance officers of Army of Tennessee to remain with their
trains during battle
CIRCULAR. HDQRS. ARMY OF TENNESSEE, Tullahoma, Tenn., April 23,
1863
In time of battle some of the ordnance officers are in the habit of abandoning
their trains, causing great confusion and difficulty to the troops in procuring
ammunition. It is, therefore, ordered that all ordnance officers in time of battle
remain with their ammunition in such places that they can promptly supply
their regiments, and that they advise their commanders of their localities by
ordnance sergeants. No ammunition will be issued to the regiments except
from the proper wagons carrying supplies for them.
Page 172 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 23, 1863
By command of Gen. Bragg:
OR, Ser. I, Vol. vol. 23, pt. II, p. 787.
April 23, 1863 - John Hunt Morgan's report on the fighting in McMinnville
HDQRS. MORGAN'S DIVISION, Sparta, April 23, 1863. (Received April 26,
3 a. m.)
Col. GEORGE WILLIAM BRENT, Asst. Adjt. Gen. and Chief of Staff, Army
of Tennessee:
COL.; I have the honor to inclose copy of a dispatch from Col. Chenault, at
Monticello, received on the morning of the 21st, copy of which was forwarded
by train the same morning from McMinnville.
I also receive a dispatch at 8 a. m. 21st instant, from Maj. Bullitt, commanding
regiment on Woodbury road, 12 miles from McMinnville, stating that the
enemy was advancing in force-cavalry, infantry, and artillery-on the Woodbury
road. I immediately ordered him to hold his position as long as possible and in
the event of the enemy pressing him, to fall back slowly toward McMinnville,
reporting to me by courier every half hour the movements of the enemy. I also
sent out a small scout to gain all possible information, who reported from time
to time that a large force of the enemy's cavalry was advancing on the Petty
Gap road, and another large force of infantry advancing at the same time on the
Woodbury road. I sent a courier to order back the train from Tullahoma not
being able to telegraph, the operator informing me that the line was not working.
At 2 p. m. I received a dispatch from Col. Bullitt, stating that the enemy had
fallen back a short distance on the Woodbury road. At about the same time one
of my scouts came in, reporting that the enemy was then within a mile or two
of town, driving my vedettes and pickets in before them.
The enemy destroyed the railroad depot, factory, two railroad bridges, together
with the train that was on this side of Morrison's besides some two or three
other buildings at McMinnville. They left McMinnville about 12 o'clock on the
22nd proceeding in the direction of Smithville and from thence to Liberty, the
force being estimated at from 3,000 to 5,000 strong consisting of cavalry and
mounted infantry and seven pieces of artillery.
About 12,000 infantry crossed from Woodbury road to Blue's near Mechanicsville. From there they joined the cavalry who had been at McMinnville, and
moved down Snow Hill upon Liberty. I had sent courier after courier giving
information to the forces at Liberty of approach of the enemy.
I have also received information from Celina, stating that the enemy, between
1,200 and 1,500 strong, crossed the river at that point on the 19th instant,
shelled and burned the town, together with the churches, not even giving the
citizens any warning of their intention. Maj. Hamilton had to fall back some 4
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 173
April 23, 1863
or 5 miles, but, being re-enforced by Col. Johnson's regiment, attacked and
drove the enemy back across the river.
I understand that Gen. Wheeler is now crossing Caney Fork at Lancaster with
his forces. A small detachment of my forces are now occupying McMinnville.
Gen. Wheeler will probably be at this point to-morrow. Knowing that it is very
important that all information from this direction should reach you at once, I
send this without its going through the regular channel.
I have just received a dispatch from Col. Chenault, a Monticello, who states
that there is no immediate danger from that direction, as the enemy are
reported moving toward Bowling Green, Ky.
I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN H. MORGAN, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 784-785.
April 23, 1863 - Lincoln county confederate tax assessors for 1863
Tax Assessors for 1863—
County Court last week appointed the following gentlemen Tax Assessors,
each for the District preceding his name:
1st
District
F. Motlow
2
do
W. R. Waggoner
3
do
J. D. Smith
4
do
W. D. Moorehead
5
do
J. A. Prosser
6
do
J. B. Hudson
7
do
W. C. Solomen
8
do
J. T. Gordon
9
do
L. L. Clark
10
do
T. H. Bledsoe
11
do
A. C. Martin
12
do
C. B. McDaniel
13
do
W. W. Wilson
14
do
I. R. Nelson
15
do
D. G. Smith
16
do
S. M. Hapmpton
17
do
Jacob Vanhoozer
Page 174 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 24, 1863
18
do
W. A. Rohodes
19
do
John Caughran
20
do
O. P. Griffis
21
do
N. Koonce
22
do
J. Moore
23
do
W. E. Carter.
24
do
Joseph Damron
25
do
W. C. Jennings
Fayetteville Observer, April 23, 1863.
April 23, 1863 - Public Health Problems in Fayetteville
Clean up.—We would respectfully refer the attention of the authorities, civil or
military, or both, to the condition of the streets, allies, etc., of Fayetteville.
Dead hogs, mules, and horses may be found in the corporation or vicinity, on
all sides in every state of decomposition. The air is thick with incipient disease,
and unless a speedy purifying is resorted to, mid summer will again find the
cholera, or some other fatal epidemic in our midst. In behalf of the citizens, we
ask that our town may now have a thorough cleansing. The soldiers, we have
no doubt, would unite in the request.
Fayetteville Observer, April 23, 1863.
April 24, 1863 - Engagement at Green Bottom Bar, Tennessee River (U. S. N. )
Report of William Griswold, acting Master, commanding U. S. Gunboat Emma
Duncan, on engagement at Green Bottom Bar, Tennessee River, April 24,
1863.
Fort Heiman, April 24, 1863
Sir: I have the honor to state that while on my way to report to LieutenantCommander LeRoy Fitch, senior officer, Tennessee River Squadron, I was
attacked at a place called Green Bottom Bar, on the east bank of the river, early
this morning (2 o'clock), by a strong party of guerrillas with four pieces of light
artillery. This place is one of the worst in the river navigation, so the pilots
describe it. I have given orders to my executive officer to go to general quarters
for the purpose of exercise at 2 o'clock a. m., as the crew had never been
drilled. Had not been at quarters more than five minutes when the enemy
opened fire. One shot (shrapnel) came in forward through the iron sheathing,
struck the reinforce band of No. 1, first division, and exploded, mangling the
right arm of 2 men and left of another to such an extent that immediate amputation was decided upon by the surgeon, which was successfully performed.
When close abreast the enemy, I ordered the pilot to stop the ship, as I wished
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 175
April 24, 1863
to engage the broadside on, but he reported the channel too narrow to work the
vessel in that position. I accordingly went ahead, using my broadside guns as
long as they could be brought to bear. Having reached a good position, I
brought my stern guns into action, and, I think, though it was very dark, with
nothing but the flash of the guns to reveal their position, they did good service,
as in a short time the enemy used but one gun and soon ceased firing entirely.
My attention was then called to the fact that the enemy were making signalsburning a red and blue light-which were answered on the western bank in a bad
place (the pilot said). I immediately ordered the pilot to go ahead under full
steam and shelled the woods on both sides in those places that were suspicious,
but elicited no response, though lights were seen moving about in one place a
number of camp fires. On inspection, it was found that the enemy had hulled us
seven times. One shell came in aft and burst over the heads of the second division, tearing away the hammock carline and the cabin floor, but did not injure
materially a man; others came through the wheelhouse, causing but little damage, however. The cabin and wardroom suffered badly in their light work.
As the enemy could not be found, I proceeded up the river and, pursuant to
order, reported to Lieutenant-Commander LeRoy Fitch, commanding gunboat
Lexington. As he was coming down to this place, I was ordered to follow him.
On passing Green Bottom Bar nothing was to be seen of the enemy.
My pilots say it was without doubt Forrest's light artillery. They are evidently
well drilled and their sharpshooters skillful.
I also beg leave to state that the conduct of my officers and men was highly
honorable. . .
I have the honor to remain, most respectfully, your obedient servant,
William Griswold, Acting Master, Commanding
Navy OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pp. 86-87.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: See also: Navy OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, p. 317.
April 24, 1863 - Federal foraging and reconnoitering expedition in College Hill, Bethesda,
Spring Hill environs
HDQRS. THIRD DIVISION, FOURTEENTH ARMY CORPS.
Triune, April 24, 1863.
Lieut. Col. GEORGE E. FLYNT, Chief of Staff, 14th Army Corps, Murfreesborough, Tenn.:
COL.: I have the honor to report, for the information of the major-general commanding, the results of a reconnoitering and foraging expedition, from which I
returned this evening.
Page 176 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 24, 1863
I went forward this morning with a brigade of infantry, one battery, and some
cavalry as far as College Grove and thence with the main force westward and
southwestward about 3 miles. A regiment of infantry was left at College
Grove, and a force of cavalry sent down the pike as far as Jordan's from which
place it drove the enemy's pickets and scouted the surrounding country,
remaining in that vicinity until about 3 p. m. A small body of cavalry was also
sent from the main force toward Bethesda. No enemy was met in this direction.
About 500 rebel cavalry had passed through the day before, taking off all the
horses, they could find. A Union man was found near Bethesda, who had just
returned from Spring Hill. He stated that all the sick and convalescents had
been sent from that place to the rear, and that Van Dorn and Wheeler were certainly preparing for some important move. It was reported in camp that they
had been ordered to some place in Alabama, but it seemed to be believed by
the soldiers and by my informer that they were about to advance. The soldiers
were sure of a "big fight," very soon. In the afternoon I went as far down on the
Chapel Hill pike as the position held by my cavalry, and returned to camp with
the command at sunset this evening. We obtained 130 wagon-loads of good
forage.
I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. M. SCHOFIELD, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 272.
April 24, 1863 - Change in decorations for valor in the Army of the Cumberland
GENERAL ORDERS, No. 90. HDQRS. DEPT. OF THE CUMBERLAND,
Murfreesborough, Tenn., April 24, 1863
The general commanding, finding that the War Department objects to the organization of the light battalions from the rolls of honor, as contemplated by
Paragraph II, General Orders, No. 19, current Series, from these headquarters,
directs:
That those whose names appear on the rolls of honor remain on duty with their
respective commands, and that they be distinguished, when on military duty,
by wearing a red ribbon, tied in the button-hole or attached to the coat over the
left breast.
The issue of first-class arms, provided for in General Orders, No. 19, will be
made as soon as practicable.
By command of Maj.-Gen. Rosecrans:
C. GODDARD, Assistant Adjutant-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 272.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 177
April 24, 1863
April 24, 1863 - Provost Orders—No. 16.
I. All citizens or unauthorized persons not commissioned or enlisted in the
Army of the United States are prohibited from wearing the uniform, or any part
thereof, of the Army. Any person violating this order will be summarily
stripped of the same, and any repetition of the offence will subject the offender
to arrest and punishment.
II. Officers and soldiers are prohibited from wearing badges of a rank or corps
to which they do not belong. They must restrict themselves to the uniform and
badges belonging to their rank or corps, under penalty of arrest.
JNO. A. MARTIN, Colonel and Provost Marshal
Nashville Daily Press, May 9, 1863.
April 25, 1863 - General Orders No. 11 issued by Hardee at Wartrace, to repress depredations
GENERAL ORDERS, No. 11. HDQRS. HARDEE'S CORPS.
Wartrace, April 25, 1863.
On the transfer of the command to this cultivated and fruitful region, the lieutenant-general commanding appeals to the intelligence and patriotism of the
soldiers to respect the rights and the property of citizens, whose labors are necessary to the subsistence of our Armies, and invokes the co-operation of officers of every grade to prevent the depredations and repress the irregularities of
the evil-disposed. Officers are especially directed to see that no rails are used
or destroyed, and that no fencing is pulled down. Wherever fencing has been
destroyed and the individuals committing the depredations cannot be discovered details will be made from the regiment, if that can be identified; if not,
then from the brigade, and if the brigade cannot be fixed upon, then from the
division to which the parties belong, to split the rails and replace the fencing.
By command of Lieut.-Gen. Hardee:
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 791.
April 25, 1863 - Capture of seventy-five Federal prisoners by the Carter Scouts
•See July 14, 1863--"The Carter Scouts"
No circumstantial reports filed.
April 25, 1863 - General Braxton Bragg defines "detached service" designation to maintain
administrative discipline in the Army of Tennessee
HDQRS. ARMY OF TENNESSEE, Tullahoma, Tenn., April 26, 1863.
Col. B. S. EWELL, Assistant Adjutant-Gen.:
Page 178 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 25, 1863
COL.: It is impossible to state upon what duty the men on "detached service"
are engaged, more definitely than I have done in the column of "remarks," at
least in the present report.
Gen. Van Dorn has sent several regiments to Northern Alabama and on excursions; all are reported on "detached service." Gen. Wheeler has two regiments
and a battalion on an expedition, which he reports on "detached service." The
large number in "infantry," so reported, include supernumerary officers under
Gen. Pillow hospital guards and nurses in the rear, mechanics at shoe-shops,
and carpenters building hospitals, railroad employes, &c. Gen. Cumming left
172 men on "detached" service in District of the Gulf."
Full reports of all absentees on "detached service" have been called for and
made. Upon careful inspection, it was discovered a large majority was incorrectly reported. The reports were returned for correction, attention being called
to the corps.
Great difficulty is experience in obtaining correct and prompt reports from the
cavalry commands. They stretch over so wide an extent of country that returns
cannot be regularly received.
I alluded to the "alterations" because, although they have not been accounted
for in previous returns, I thought it proper they should be, and wished the paper
sent back for that purpose.
To correct the evil that has heretofore existed of reporting all men sent on expeditions as being on "detached service," the general has caused to be issued a
circular, which I inclose.
Hoping this will prove satisfactory, I am, colonel with respect, your obedient
servant,
KINLOCH FALCONER, Assistant Adjutant-Gen.
[Inclosure.]
CIRCULAR. HDQRS. ARMY OF TENNESSEE, Tullahoma, Tenn., April 25,
1863
Commanders of corps, in making up reports of troops, will not report troops
detached unless they are removed by superior orders from their command, and
when this is the case marginal notes will give the number of effective so
detached, and the point to which detached.
By command of Gen. Bragg
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 793-794.
April 25, 1863 - GENERAL ORDERS, No. 91 changes in flag insignia and unit designations
for the Army of the Cumberland
GENERAL ORDERS, No. 91. HDQRS. DEPT. OF THE CUMBERLAND.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 179
April 25, 1863
Murfreesborough, Tenn., April 25, 1863.
It having been found that the flags prescribed by General Orders, No. 41, from
these headquarters, December 19, 1862, to designate the headquarters of the
various brigade, divisions, and corps of this army, are not sufficiently marked
to be readily distinguished from each other, those herein described will be substituted.
General headquarters.- The national flag, 6 feet by 5, with a golden eagle
below the stars, 2 feet from tip to tip.
Fourteenth Army Corps.-A bright blue flag, 6 feet by 4, fringed with black
eagle in center, 2 feet from tip to tip, with the number "14" in black on shield,
which shall be white.
Twentieth Army Corps.-A bright red flag, same as that for Fourteenth Army
Corps, except the number on the shield, which shall be that of the corps.
Twenty-first Army Corps.-A bright red, white and blue flag (horizontal) same
as that for Fourteenth Corps, except the number on the shield, which shall be
that of the corps.
First Division, Fourteenth Army Corps.- The flag of the corps, except the eagle
and fringe, with one black star, 18 inches in diameter, point 2 inches from staff.
Second Division, Fourteenth Army Corps.- The flag of the corps, except eagle
and fringe, with two black stars, each 18 inches in diameter, inner point 2
inches from staff.
Third Division, Fourteenth Army Corps.-The flag of the corps, except eagle
and fringe, with three black stars, each 18 inches in diameter, set equally along
staff, the inner point being 2 inches from staff.
Fourth Division, Fourteenth Army Corps.-The flag of the corps, except eagle
and fringe with four black stars, each 18 inches in diameter, three of them
along staff as before, the other set equally on the flag.
Fifth Division, Fourteenth Army Corps.-The flag of the corps, except eagle and
fringe, with five black stars, each 18 inches in diameter, three of them along
the staff, the other two equally distributed on flag.
The division flags of the Twentieth and Twenty-first Army Corps will correspond with the above, that is the corps flags (without eagle and fringe), with
one, two, three, &c., stars, according as they represent the first, second, third,
&c., divisions.
The headquarters flags of all brigades will be the flags of their divisions, with
the number of the brigade in white, 8 inches long, in center of each star.
The Regular brigade will have the corps and division flag but the stars shall be
golden instead of black.
Artillery reserve.-Two bright red flags, each 4 feet by 2, one above the other.
Page 180 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 25, 1863
Batteries.-Each battery shall have a small flag, corps colors and arrangement
(but 1 foot 6 inches on staff, by 2 feet fly), with the letters and numbers of the
battery inscribed thereon in black, 4 inches long, thus, "B, First Ohio."
Cavalry headquarters.-A bright red, white and blue flag, 6 feet by 4 colors running vertically, red outermost.
First Cavalry Division.-A bright red, white, and blue flag, 6 feet by 4, like last,
with one star, 18 inches in diameter, black, the point 2 inches from staff.
Second Cavalry Division.-Same as last, except two black stars, each 18 inches
in diameter.
As for infantry, the headquarters flags of brigades will be the flags of divisions,
with the number of the brigade in black, 8 inches long.
Engineer Corps.- A white and blue flag, blue uppermost, and running horizontally, 6 feet by 4.
Hospitals and ambulance depots.-A light yellow flag, 3 feet by 3, for hospitals
and the principal ambulance depot on the field of battle, 2 feet square for the
lesser ones.
Subsistence depots and storehouses.-A plain light green flag, 3 feet square.
Quartermaster's depots or storehouses.-Same flag, with letters Q. M. D. in
white, 1 foot long.
Ordnance department, general headquarters.-A bright green flag, 3 feet square,
with two crossed cannon in white, set diagonally in a square of 3 feet, with a
circular ribbon of 6 inches wide and 3 feet greatest diameter (or diameter of
inner circle 2 feet), with the letters "U. S. Ordnance Department", in black, 4
inches long, on ribbon, and a streamer above flag, 1 foot on staff by 4 feet long,
crimson color, with words "Chief of Ordnance" in black, 6 inches long.
Division ordnance.-Same flag, with cannon and ribbon, but no streamer.
All these flags will be made according to a pattern to be furnished from the
quartermaster's department.
By command of Maj.-Gen. Rosecrans:
C. GODDARD. Assistant Adjutant-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 275-277.
April 25, 1863 - Planned Confederate demonstration on Murfreesborough countermanded
by General Bragg
CIRCULAR. HDQRS. HARDEE'S CORPS, Near Wartrace, April 25, 1863.
The following instructions have been received from Gen. Bragg:
Lieut.-Gen.'s Polk and Hardee will both advance their outposts (cavalry and
infantry) to-morrow the 26th instant, and make a demonstration on Murfrees-
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 181
April 25, 1863
borough. They will keep up communication with each other, and neither will
proceed so far as to bring on a heavy engagement.
Brig.-Gen. Helm will accordingly move on Murfreesborough, with his brigade
and Col. Thompson's cavalry, to-morrow morning at daylight, through
Hoover's Gap, observing the above directions. Brown will move up to
Hoover's Mill. Adams' and Preston's brigades will advance to Jacobs' Store at
the intersection of the Wartrace road with the Manchester and Murfreesborough pike. Liddell will move on Murfreesborough, through Liberty Gap. Polk's
brigade will advance to Liberty Church. Wood and Johnson will move forward
to Bellbuckle.
The chief of artillery will assign a battery to each brigade.
The troops will take one day's cooked rations, exclusive of breakfast to-morrow morning. No tents, and but a small amount of ammunition in addition to
that in cartridge-boxes, will be taken.
Maj.-Gen. Cleburne will take charge of the left (through Liberty Gap), and
Maj.-Gen. Breckinridge, or officer commanding the division, of the right
(through Hoover's Gap).
By command of Lieut.-Gen. Hardee:
T. B. ROY, Chief of Staff.
HDQRS. ARMY OF TENNESSEE, Tullahoma, April 25, 1863.
Lieut. Gen. LEONIDAS POLK, Cmdg. First Corps, Shelbyville:
GEN.: The following are the orders of Gen. Bragg:
Lieut.-Gen.'s Polk and Hardee will both advance their outposts (cavalry and
infantry) to-morrow, the 26th instant, and make a demonstration on Murfreesborough.
They will keep up communication with each other, and neither will proceed so
far as to bring on a heavy engagement.
Respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. W. MACKALL, Chief of Staff.
CIRCULAR. HDQRS. HARDEE'S CORPS, ARMY OF TENN., Wartrace,
April 25, 1863.
The order for the demonstration on Murfreesborough to-morrow is countermanded by Gen. Bragg. Remain quiet.
By command of Lieut.-Gen. Hardee:
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 788-789.
Page 182 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 26, 1863
April 25, 1863 - Order from Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton to allow for the demonstration of Starr pistols within Federal lines in Tennessee
War Department
Washington, DC, April 25, 1863
Mr. Vernon W. Starr has permission to visit the armies under the command of
Generals Burnside and Rosecrans and to take with him a package of the Starr
Pistols, his purpose being to explain the use of the pistol, and to ascertain the
advantages and disadvantages which have been developed by its use in the
field.
Quartermasters and Commissaries will furnish him transpiration and subsistence and all officers of the Military Service will furnish such aid as he may
need for the attainment of the object aforesaid.
By Order of the Sec. of War
Simon Perkins, Jr. Papers
April 25, 1863 - ". . . any failure to so report will be severely punished." William Truesdail,
Chief of the Army Police, to keep a list of new arrivals in Nashville
PROVOST MARSHAL'S OFFICE,
NASHVILLE, TENN., April 25, 1863
I. The arrival of guests at houses in this city will, in [the] future, be reported to
Col. Wm. Truesdail, Chief of the Army Police, instead of to this office. Arrivals must be promptly reported, as ordered, and any failure to so report will be
severely punished.
John A. Martin, Col. and Provost Marshal
Nashville Daily Press, May 9, 1863.
April 26, 1863 - Affair near College GroveNOTE 1
APRIL 26, 1863.-Affair near College Grove, Tenn.
Report of Brig. Gen. John M. Schofield, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, Fourteenth Army Corps.
TRIUNE, April 26, 1863—9.30 p. m.
GEN.: A small scouting party, under Col. [J. P. ] Brownlow, had a skirmish
with some rebel cavalry a mile south of College Grove this afternoon; 1 officer
slightly wounded. It is reported by the citizens in that vicinity that the rebels
have moved from Chapel Hill to Riggs' Cross-Roads. I will learn the facts
tomorrow.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 183
April 26, 1863
J. M. SCHOFIELD.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, p. 279.
NOTE 1:
Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee places the date at April 25; OR places
the date at April 24 (Ser. 1, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 272), OR General Index places
the event at April 26 (OR Index, Vol. 1, p. 190). To add to the uncertainty is
the fact that Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee names the location "Cotton
Grove." Nathan Bedford Forrest's troops traveled to and through Cotton
Grove in West Tennessee in August, 1863 (see: Ser. I, Vol. 52, p. 109). Additionally, while the editors of the OR called this event an "affair," Brig.
Gen. John M. Schofield here clearly calls it a "skirmish," further adding to
the ambiguity of these military terms during the Civil War.
April 26, 1863 - Skirmish at Fort Pillow
Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee.
April 26, 1863 - Engagement, U. S. N. and Brigadier-General Alfred W. Ellet's Mississippi
Marine Brigade at Duck River Island or Little Rock Landing
NOTE 1Report
of Lieutenant-Commander Fitch, U. S. Navy, transmitting
report of commanding officer of U. S. S. Emma Duncan regarding engagement
at [Duck River Shoals] Green Bottom Bar, Tennessee River.
U. S. GUNBOAT LEXINGTON Hamburg Landing, April 28, 1863
Sir:
~~~
[On the morning of the 26th]. . . I cruised on up leisurely, keeping a good look
out for the enemy along the right bank, but saw no signs of them till I arrived at
Duck River Shoals, when I heard musketry and artillery a short distance (not a
mile) ahead. I pushed on over the bar and met General Ellet's fleet just at the
head of the shoals engaging the rebel battery. I was then in good range and at
once opened fire on the enemy. There was not room for his boats to round to or
to back out of the channel. He was compelled to push on over the bank before
he could effect a landing.
I took the battery side and moved on up to cover his boats as much as possible,
at the same time raking the bank without heavy guns. The ram Monarch by this
time came in range and opened fire also.
As soon as I rounded the point the enemy fired a farewell shot at one of the brigade goats, limbered up and were off. Some few sharpshooters remaining
behind fired a few shots at a transport having on board sick and wounded.
Several of the enemy were found dead on the bank, and many more were
dragged off in the woods. I should suppose that their loss in killed and
wounded is about 25 or 30.
Page 184 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 26, 1863
I believe General Ellet lost 2 killed and 1 wounded on his boats, also some
horses killed.
About 11 p. m. I left General Ellet at the foot of the bar and proceeded on up
the river with his boat and the Emma Duncan to communicate with the fleet
above. I arrived at Eastport (Mississippi) in the afternoon of the 27th. . .
[On the 28th] I. . . returned to Hamburg. . .
LeRoy Fitch, Lieutenant Commander
Navy OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pp. 85-86.
NOTE 1: This engagement was between the 6th Texas Rangers (cavalry), at Duck
River Island, [a.k.a. Little Rock Landing], west of the mouth of the Duck
River, on the Tennessee River. After the Texans fired a few cannon bursts
and rifle volleys at the Navy boats, the Marine Brigade landed and scattered
the Texans into the surrounding marshland. The use of such amphibious tactics was both relatively new as well as rare and was repeated on the Tennessee River during the war.
Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee refers to this incident as an action.
REPORTS.
No. 1.-Brig. Gen. Alfred W. Ellet, U. S. Army, commanding Mississippi
Marine Brigade with itinerary of the command for April, 1863.
No. 2.-Lieut. William F. Warren, Acting Signal Officer.
No. 1.
Report of Brig. Gen. Alfred W. Ellet, U. S. Army, commanding Mississippi
Marine Brigade, with itinerary of the command for April, 1863.
CAIRO, ILL., April 30, 1863.
I have the honor to report that, in compliance with instructions received from
Admiral Porter, I proceeded with my command up Tennessee River to Eastport, Miss., without interruption from the enemy. Returning in consequence of
low water, I made several raids into the country, and destroyed a number of
important mills and considerable amount of subsistence and supplies belonging to the enemy. At the mouth of Duck River my boats were attacked by 700
cavalry, with two pieces of artillery, commanded by Maj. [R. M. ] White, of
Sixth Texas Rangers. The fight was spirited for a few moments only. The
enemy were driven back and pursued some 12 miles in the interior, with the
loss of Maj. White, mortally wounded and left near the field, and 1 lieutenant
and 8 men killed. They carried off a large number of wounded in wagons and
on horses. We buried their dead. Our loss was 2 men killed and 1 wounded.
The west bank of the Tennessee River was lined with refugees, who have been
driven from their homes for love to the old Union. I exhausted my supplies in
providing for their necessities.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 185
April 26, 1863
The Tennessee River is too low for my boats to operate in with safety. My
orders from Admiral Porter do not provide for this emergency. I shall hope to
receive instructions from the Department.
ALFRED W. ELLET, Brig.-Gen., Cmdg. Mississippi Marine Brigade.
Excerpt from the Itinerary of the Mississippi Marine Brigade for April, 1863.
~~~
On the morning of the 26th, was attacked below the mouth of Duck River by
the enemy, 700 strong, commanded by Maj. [R. M. ] White, of the Sixth Texas
Rangers, with three pieces of artillery. Landed and pursued the enemy 12
miles, killing 10 men, including Maj. White, and wounding many more. The
enemy escaped, in consequence of the utter impracticability of effecting a
landing at the point of attack. Our loss was 2 men killed and several wounded,
only 1 seriously.
~~~
No. 2.
Report of Lieut. William F. Warren, Acting Signal Officer.
HDQRS. SIGNAL DETACHMENT, MISS. MARINE BRIGADE, Flag-ship
Autocrat, April 26, 1863.
CAPT.: I have the honor to report that the signal detachment of the Mississippi
Marine Brigade has had an opportunity to test its efficiency and make itself
useful, to some extent, in the following manner:
At a few minutes past 8 o'clock this morning, while passing a point on the Tennessee River, a few miles below Duck River, where the direction of the current
compelled us to run within 50 yards of the land, our fleet was opened upon by
a field battery of four guns and a regiment of cavalry. The Autocrat, being in
advance, was the first to receive the fire. The Diana came next, followed by the
Adams, each receiving a raking fire at close range, but with very slight casualties. The Autocrat replied instantly with musketry, the Diana and Adams with
musketry and field artillery. Our fire becoming too hot for the rebels, they
immediately limbered up and fell back in great haste, out of musket range. The
general discovering this, ordered me to signal the other boats to land their
forces at once. The order was instantly understood, both by J. Q. Adams, on the
Diana, and Lieut. Wilson, on the Adams. This order was immediately followed
by instructions about the position in which they should land. As a result of this
signaling, the troops were ready to march out almost at the instant the landing
was made. We have officers on each of the five large boats who are able to read
signals quite readily, and I have the honor to say that I am reliably informed
that they were all upon the hurricane deck during the engagement, with glasses
and equipments, on close lookout for signals. The Diana and Adams were both
hotly engaging the enemy at the time their signals were given, and the Adams
was receiving the fire of his battery.
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 26, 1863
Officers and men deserve commendation for their coolness and close attention
to duty.
I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. F. WARREN, Lieut. and Acting Signal Officer, Mississippi Marine Brigade.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 278-280.
NOTE 1
CORINTH, April 29 [Wed.], 1863—5.30 p. m.
Maj.-Gen. HURLBUT:
Scouts in from Hamburg report that all the gunboats (five) and all transport
(nine) left Hamburg at 11 o'clock to-day to descend river, to return no more.
The Marine Brigade left last Friday [24th]. Had severe fight at mouth of Duck
River. Three gunboats, that came up with the order for Stanley and gunboats to
go out, had also encountered light battery, and had fight at same place. [24th].
Dodge took rations of bread and meat; balance of stores were taken back on
transports. This leaves river open again. I shall have to communicate with
Dodge through country, 50 miles. No other information to-day.
R. J. OGLESBY.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 224, pt. III, p. 247.
NOTE 1: There is some inconsistency concerning the actual date of the fight at the
mouth of the Duck River, although since the naval forces were closer to the
action than Major-General Hurlbut it seems safest to conclude the fight took
place on the 26th, not the 24th.
April 26, 1863 - Letter of Captain Thomas R. Mason to his wife, relative to camp life, local
population, and hopes for the end of the war
At Camp, 5 miles from Sparta,
White Co., Tenn., Sunday-April 26th, 1863.
My Dear WifeAs yet I haven't had an opportunity of sending my letter, so I will write again to
let you know how I am getting along (that is if you ever get this). It seems that
I will be able to go to the Reg't. in a few days. Bessy Willis is staying here with
me. He was wounded the same time I was. We have been together nearly all the
time. They are very clever folks here & treat us well. We have plenty of Books
to read & there is an old fiddle here, so we pass off the time as well as circumstances will admit.
I haven't seen Mon & Dan since the 8th. of this month, they are with the Reg't.
There is no news going on of any consiquence & don't know what it means.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 187
April 26, 1863
There has been no big fight in 4 months, & hope Peace will be made before
they fight again. My notion is there wont be much more fighting done. It is the
belief here generally that the war will close out soon. I hope and trust it will,
for I do want to come home awful bad. When I do come I want peace to be
made, so I will not have to leave you any more. I pray every day for this war to
stop, nothing could give me more joy.
Give my love to all & be sure to take a large portion for yourself.
I will write again before I send this.
I did not get to see Guss when he passed through our camp.
Write when you can. Your affectionate husband.
T. R. Mason
W. P. A. Civil War Records, Vol. 3, p. 185.
April 26, 1863 - "River Guerrillas in the West."
The announcement from Cairo a day or two since that Gen Ellet's Marine brigade and Gen. Fitch's gunboats had cleared the banks of the Cumberland river
of guerrillas was followed yesterday by the account of the capture of two
steamboats, the Alhambra and the Hope, with valuable cargoes, by the guerrillas on the self-same river. The work of Ellet and Fitch was not so thoroughly
done, then, but that it requires immediately to be done over.
So far as the Cumberland river is concerned, a little experience will teach our
Western Commanders the impracticability of dislodging guerrillas from its
banks so long as a disloyal population remains in the country bordering on the
river, and armed bands from the rebel army are able to reach that population
and stimulate it with the hope of eventual rebel success. No river in the world
is better adapted than the Cumberland to the successful operations of guerrillas. The stream is narrow, and the banks on each side are mostly precipitous,
ragged, rocky cliffs, from 75 to 150 feet high. It is the easiest thing for armed
men to hide themselves in the glades crowning these cliffs and fire down upon
passing boats. To return the fire effectively from boats, with any sort of cannon, is simply impossible; and if pursuit is assayed, a boat fired upon might
have to run some miles up or down, before a suitable place to land and emerge
from the bluffs could be found. In the meantime, the guerrillas would have
ample time to escape.
With the best intentions and the best service it is possible for men to give, it
will be found impracticable to suppress the system of guerrilla warfare by
attacking it from the water. The disease is in the body politic in the country
through which the river runs. It must be purged from the interior before it
ceases to break out upon the rivers. And this can only be accomplished by
advancing southward the lines of the Union army by successful battles—by
strengthening the lines when advanced, and connecting them from Memphis to
Nashville, so as to make it impossible for rebel bands to appear among the pop-
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
ca. April 26, 1863
ulation of Southern Kentucky and Tennessee, to keep alive their rebel sympathies and excite their hopes of rebel success. When this result can be
established, we shall be rid of guerrillas on the Tennessee, Cumberland and
Mississippi Rivers—not before.
New York Times, April 26, 1863.
April 26, 1863 - Confederate Newspaper Report on the McMinnville Raid
The Raid on McMinnville.
We have conversed with a gentleman just from McMinnville. He represents the
outrages of the enemy in that quarter as surpassing any yet perpetrated in Middle Tennessee. His account is substantially as follows:
The enemy appeared on the Northwest side of the town at noon on Monday.—
Tidings of his approach had been brought in an hour or two before, allowing
the stray cavalrymen, convalescent soldiers and others a chance of escape.
There was a company of Provost guardsmen present, who made a stand against
the first advance for the purpose of giving our wagons, et cetera, a fair start.
After a brisk skirmish of half an hour, overpowering numbers forced this handful of men to disperse. Some escaped and others were captured. There being no
further obstacle the Federals proceeded at once to the public square. They were
mostly mounted infantry, estimated at between six and ten thousand in number.
Their first business was the destruction of the large Cotton Factory, near the
railroad bridge. It is one of the most extensive, and has been also one of the
most useful in the South. It was completely destroyed. They then burnt the
depot buildings, and adjoining houses, and the bridges across the Barren
Fork. . .
—Chatta. Rebel, 26th.
Weekly Columbus [Georgia] Enquirer, May 5, 1863.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: As cited in: http://www.uttyl.edu/vbetts.
ca. April 26, 1863 - Shooting at the Worsham House, Memphis
A SHOOTING AFFRAY. —A few days since Alexander Nutall, who kept a
gambling house on Jefferson street, was shot by Mike Lyons, at the Worsham
House, under the following circumstances: It seems that Lyons and Nutall have
been enemies for some time, and ever time they saw each other it was
increased by one or the other making some remark. In the morning of the day
of the affray took place, Nutall swore he would shoot Lyons at sight; in the
evening they both met at the Worsham House and after having a few words
Lyons fired, the ball taking effect in Nutall's body, from the wound of which he
has since died. After he received the fatal wound, he rose and taking aim at
Lyons discharged his pistol, but his hand was too unsteady, as the charge went
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 189
April 26, 1863
harmlessly by. Lyons gave himself into the hands of the civil authorities and
has since been discharged. Nutall was one of the many dangerous characters
with which this city is now infested. It is said he was always ready for a quarrel
and had shot three men.
Memphis Bulletin, April 28, 1863.
April 26, 1863 - May 3, 1863 - Streight's Raid begins at Palmyra
No circumstantial reports filed.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: Not listed in Dyer's Battle Index for Tennessee. It was here that Streight's
forces gathered horses and mules for the ill fated Union mission. All action
took place in Alabama.
April 26, 1863 - The Watuaga bridge incident
Carter's Depot, April 26, 1863.
Editor Register,-This morning at 4 o'clock, A. M. the pickets guarding the
trussle-works near the Watauga bridge, was fired on by some one supposed to
be a citizen of this vicinity, slightly wounding Serg't Wm. Kineton in the hand.
If our respective commanders will grant permission to Capt. Butler's company
to scout this section of country, I warrant we will give them such a drilling that
they never will bush whack another.
BULLY RAB GRAB
Knoxville Daily Register, April 28, 1863.
April 27, 1863 - Skirmish on Carter Creek Pike
APRIL 27, 1863.- Skirmish on Carter Creek Pike, Tenn.
Report of Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger, U. S. Army.
FRANKLIN, April 27, 1863—9.20 a. m.
GEN.: I pushed out my cavalry at 1 o'clock this morning between the Columbia and Carter Creek Pikes, to surprise and capture the Texas Legion, posted 8
miles from here, on the latter. Our troops reached their camp at daybreak, surrounded and made prisoners of the entire force, consisting of 9 commissioned
officers and 112 men, 300 horses and mules, 8 wagons, all their camp and garrison equipments, arms, accouterments, &c., all this without the loss of a man
on our part. Several rebels were killed and wounded. This daring feat shows
what our cavalry is made of. The surprise and capture was made almost immediately under the eyes of Van Dorn, within 1 mile of his main body.
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April 27, 1863
Col. Watkins and captain Russell, of my staff, led the expedition and behaved
handsomely.
G. GRANGER, Maj.-Gen., Cmdg.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, pp. 321-322.
April 27, 1863 - Confederate scout with skirmish, Smithville to Liberty environs
HDQRS. HARRISON'S CAVALRY BRIGADE, Smithville, April 27, 1863
Gen. J. A. WHARTON.
Cmdg. Cavalry Division:
GEN.: The scout just returned from the direction of Liberty reports the enemy's
pickets about 3 miles this side of Liberty. The scout drove in the pickets. After
retiring a short distance, they reappeared, and were a second time driven back.
The scout then procured forage near there, and saw no further signs of the
enemy. They learned the enemy was encamped at the fork of the pike beyond
Liberty. Col. [C. C. ] Crews establishes the line of couriers.
By order of Col. Thomas Harrison, commanding cavalry brigade:
GEO. M. DECHERD, Acting Aide-de-Camp.
P. S. - It does not appear expedient to move down the river while the enemy
occupy Liberty. I will remain here and examine the country above to-morrow.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 798.
April 27, 1863 - Lieutenant-General Hardee issues contingency retreat orders
CIRCULAR. HDQRS. HARDEE'S CORPS, ARMY OF TENNESSEE, Wartrace, Tenn., April 27, 1863
Should this command be ordered to retired on Tullahoma before the completion of the bridges over Duck River and Garrison's Fork, the following dispositions will be made:
Breckinridge's division will retire via Manchester. Helm and Brown will move
on the Murfreesborough and Manchester pike, and Adams and Preston on the
road leading from Wartrace to Manchester.
Cleburne's division will move direct to Tullahoma crossing Duck River at the
bridge known as Schoefner's Bridge, about 5 miles from Wartrace.
Division and brigade commanders will at once examine all the roads indicated
in this order over which their respective commands will pass, and with which
they are not already thoroughly acquainted.
Should Garrison's Fork, in rear of Helm's and Brown's brigades, be come so
swollen as to be impassable, then these brigades will retire by moving direct to
Wartrace, and thence following Cleburne.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 191
April 27, 1863
By command of Lieut.-Gen. Hardee:
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 797.
April 27, 1863 - Correspondence relative to an inventory of horses and mules used by the
Army of the Cumberland
MURFREESBOROUGH, TENN., April 27, 1863.
Maj. Gen. H. W. HALLECK, Gen.-in-Chief:
I report in reply to your telegraphic order: This army had, December 1, 1862,
8,709 horses and 11,519 mules, received from the Department of the Ohio.
Procured by capture or purchase since 18, 450 horses and 14,607 mules. Sent
off, unserviceable, 9,119 horses and 1,149 mules. On hand, March 23, 19,164
horses and 23,859 mules. A great mortality in team animals has resulted from
the want of long forage, not procurable, for want of means of transportation.
The cavalry horses, always overworked, consume rapidly. It is reported by the
chief quartermaster that one-third of the animals now on hand are used up and
unserviceable.
Yours, truly,
W. S. ROSECRANS, Maj.-Gen.
WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, April 27, 1863—4.30 p. m.
Maj.-Gen. ROSECRANS, Murfreesborough, Tenn.:
You already have full authority to seize horses in the enemy's country. To seize
horses in the loyal States is a very different affair. There is no power here to
authorize such a proceeding. The law regulates the purchase of horses, and
every possible authority has been given to the quartermaster of your army and
of the Western depots to purchase animals for you.
H. W. HALLECK, Gen.-in-Chief.
LOUISVILLE, April 27, 1863.
Gen. MEIGS:
Seven thousand three hundred and fifty-seven horses and 11,692 mules have
been sent to the quartermaster at Nashville, and 6,706 horses and 150 mules
furnished to troops of Gen. Rosecrans' army since November.
T. SWORDS, Assistant Quartermaster-Gen.
[MURFREESBOROUGH], April 27, 1863.
Brig. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster-Gen., Washington:
This army has been so scattered that it has been impossible until recently to
procure accurate reports. I reply to your telegram of 25th as fully as possible:
Received from Department of Ohio, since November 1 [1862], 8,212 horses,
11,197 mules; 9,119 unserviceable horses and 1,159 mules have been returned
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 27, 1863
to Louisville to be recruited. Issued to Army of Cumberland since November
1, 10,305 horses and 7,492 mules. Reports for March 31 show in the army and
at depots 3,939 artillery horses, 11,478 cavalry horses, including those used by
mounted infantry; 2,942 draught horses and 805 extra, and 23,859 mules. At
least one-fourth of the horses now in use are own out and unfit for service.
Mules have been substituted for a large part of the draught horses reported
above.
J. W. TAYLOR, Quartermaster.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 218-282.
April 27, 1863 - One woman's complaint about war profiteering in White County
. . . Mr. Stone is troubled with the cavalry all the time. Four eat dinner there
today. The first two that came were riding and seemed to be very intelligent
gentlemen. They said they stayed at Carold Johnson's last night and said he
was boasting how much he had made since the war commenced, and that he
would not have it to stop for anything. He was making money so fast. I do not
know what ought to be done with a man who can have it in his heart to wish
everybody so much evil, just that he make money. It seems perfectly
shocking. . .
Diary of Amanda McDowell.
April 27, 1863 - The Fortune Telling Lady on Second street in Memphis
Madam Cora James, the only reliable clairvoyant of the day, is daily astonishing citizens of the highest rank by her wonderful clairvoyant power in revealing the past and predicting coming events, Madam James has mastered all the
science embraced in this glorious gift of prophecy and invariably gives satisfaction to all who consult her, and all acknowledge the truthfulness of the revelations made to them. Clairvoyant examinations and prescriptions in all
chronic disease, insanity in its various forms, rheumatic affections, nervous
afflictions and all complaints peculiar to females, Madam James warrants curing. Ladies and gentlemen don't procrastinate, as this is a rare chance, but come
at once. Rooms at the Bluff City house, on Second street between Madison and
Monroe streets. Go up two pair of stairs.
Memphis Bulletin, April 27, 1863.
April 27, 1863 - "Confiscation."
This word perhaps is used more by the military in the English language, but
yesterday it was used in a new source to a man by the name of Alexander
Brodbeck, and not all to his satisfaction. Brodbeck yesterday procured a pass
of the proper authorities for the purpose of seeing a friend of his who is not in
the Irving Block, a prisoner of war. The guard on allowing him to pass in the
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April 1863 — Page 193
April 27, 1863
prison thought he looked as if he was attempting to do something not laid
down in the regulations; hence he kept an eye on the individual. His (the
guard's) attention being called to another part of the prison for a moment,
Brodbeck took the opportunity of passing into his friend a bundle, which on
examination proved to be a suit of rebel clothes, made in the latest style and
trimmed in the most approved manner. Captain Wright took the property and
confiscated it, and taking Mr. Brodbeck for a dangerous character, quietly
placed him where he could keep his prison friend, for the present, company.
Memphis Bulletin, April 27, 1863.
April 27, 1863 - "A Smuggler Caught."
A doctor who rejoices in the name of Woodson, John C. Woodson, not being
satisfied with making a living by his legitimate profession, tried the smuggling
dodge, hoping thereby to make his pocketbook a little more plethoric, even if
the contents was rebel scrip. To do this he purchased about 200 ounces of quinine, placed it in a secret part of his buggy, procured a pass and started on his
winding way rejoicing. The detectives, however, had a sharp lookout for the
gentleman, they being suspicious that all was not "on the square." After he had
proceeded to within a few miles of the lines, those inquisitive gentlemen
stopped his horse and asked the privilege of looking into the buggy of Dr.
Woodson—They were not long is discovering the hidden treasure which was
placed in the posession of the Provost Marshal for confiscation. There's a
moral in the story, but the doctor says he can't see it.
Memphis Bulletin, April 27, 1863.
April 28, 1863 - Successful foraging expedition and capture of guerrillas in Middle Tennessee
•See May 1, 1863-May 2, 1863-Federal foraging mission across the Stones
River
April 28, 1863 - General Joseph E. Johnston's continued anxieties relative to procuring food
for the Army of Tennessee
TULLAHOMA, April 28, 1863
Hon. JAMES A. SEDDON, Secretary of War:
SIR: I have had the honor to receive your letter of the 17th instant. The difficulty of procuring subsistence stores in the country is increasing fast. Corn is
still abundant 40 or 50 miles to the west, but its transportation requires much
time. Meat is procured in small quantities beyond the enemy's flanks, but at
great risk, over routes lying near his positions. This risk is becoming greater
daily, the enemy's entrenchments and superior numbers enabling him to make
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April 28, 1863
detachments safely. The large Federal force now approaching Decatur will
probably increase these advantages very soon.
It would be very difficult I think, to make purchases in Kentucky with cotton,
on account of the long distance from our railroad to the Kentucky line. Where
that exchange is permitted, it should be under such circumstances as to enable
the Government to keep it out of the hands of individuals. That trade has subjugated our people where-ever the they have engaged in it.
Should this army be compelled to abandon Middle Tennessee, its position for
the defense of East Tennessee will be extremely unfavorable, as its communications will be from the flanks instead of to the rear. Such a defense would be
impossible against an enterprising enemy; hence the great importance of Gen.
Bragg's holding his present position, and hence my applying, more than once,
for re-enforcements for him.
I have been informed that a considerable quantity of bacon may be procured
for sugar. An officer has therefore been sent to attempt to make the exchanges.
In writing to the President on the 11th instant, being then, as now, unfit for service in the field, I suggested that if conference with Gen. Bragg was still
desired, a confidential officer should be sent to his headquarters for the purpose.
~~~
Most respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. E. JOHNSTON, Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 799.
April 28, 1863 - “Clairvoyance for One Week Only.”
•See October 8, 1863--“MADAM CORA JAMES. ”
Madame Cora James will be found at her rooms on Second street between
Madison and Monroe streets, where she is daily astonishing people of the highest rank by her wonderful predictions by clairvoyance in all things pertaining
to the past, the present, and the future. All who wish to learn the final result of
this war, and hear from absent friends, or investigate matters of importance,
should avail themselves of this opportunity and come at once. Soldiers, learn
your doom! Don't defer so important a matter.—Madam Cora James' predictions are true and interesting. Rooms at (recently called) Bluff City House.
Memphis Bulletin, April 28, 1863
April 28, 1863 - "A Clergyman Before the Provost Marshal."
Hardly a day passes that is not replete with incidents which take place before
Provost Marshal Colonel Smith, which at the same time convince us that no
other officer could be selected for District Provost Marshal as good as Colonel
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April 28, 1863
Smith. The Colonel makes it as invariable rule to recognize but two classes
among those who make applications for favors; they are citizens of the United
States and rebels, each of which are treated according to their merits. One day
last week a reverend gentleman, whose name we at the present omit made
application to Colonel Smith for a pass to go North of the city—we believe
Niagara Falls was the future place of his destination—stating that he lived in
the State of Tennessee, and owing to the scarcity of food and other necessaries
of life, he desired to go north of Memphis.
After Colonel Smith had ascertained the reverend gentleman's name and a few
other lading facts (necessary in case a pass was given him) when the following
colloquy occurred:
"Are you a citizen of the United State," Col. Smith enquired.
"I am a citizen of the State of Tennessee and have been so for several years,"
replied Reverend
"Perhaps you understand what I mean by the term citizen of the United States,
Col. Smith said, "I mean are you loyal."
"Now, sir," said the clergyman, "I do not understand what you mean by the
world "loyal." It is a new word to me as I read the Constitution of the Federal
Government. If you wish to know my position as a man I will here reply that I
am perfectly neutral, perfectly neutral, sir." Our revened friend closed his
remarks with a gesture that seemed to say I have completely "vanquished you,
sir."
Col. Smith rose to his feet, and with a look that indicated he meant business,
said "My friend, you are a minister of the gospel, are you not" to which the
Rev. Mr. ___replied "That he thanked God he was."
"Well, Sir," continued the colonel, "do you not preach the doctrine that mankind, in order to inherit eternal life or damnation, must obey either God or the
Devil?"
"I do," replied the clergyman.
"Now, sir," said Col. Smith, "I am a minister of the Federal law in this district,
and as such reach precisely the same principle in relation to law that you do in
regard to the gospel. You, sir, must either serve the Federal Government with
all your soul, body, and mind, or Jeff. Davis and his hosts."Which will you
do?"
This was putting the matter in a different light from what the reverend gentleman had anticipated, and as a natural consequence was at a loss for a few
moments for a reply; he stood speechless, having more the looks of a ghost
than a human being. He was startled from his reverie by Col. S. repeating the
question. The clergyman relied he could not answer just at that moment, and
retired from Col Smith's office a wiser and we hope a better man.
Memphis Bulletin, April 28. 1863.
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April 28, 1863
April 28, 1863 - New York Times War Dispatch
IMPORTANT FROM TENNESSEE.
Surprise and Capture of Another Rebel Post.
A Number of Rebels Taken Prisoner.
Horses, Mules, Medical Stores, &c., Secured.
Rumored Shooting of Bragg by Breckenridge.
Nashville, Tenn., Monday April, 27.
A part of Gen. Green Clay Smith's brigade, consisting of 250 cavalry, commanded by Col. Watkins of the Sixth Kentucky, it is reported, this morning
made a dash upon the rebel camp of the First Texas Legion, eight miles South
of Franklin, on Carter's Creek Pike, and captured 128 rebels, including three
Captains, five Lieutenants, the same number of horses, fifty mules, one ambulance loaded with medical stores, and burned eight wagons and the arms of the
rebels. Col. Brooks, commanding the rebel camp, was captured, but subsequently escaped. The rebels formed a part of Gen. Whitfield's brigade. The
later is a Tennessean, and a native of Franklin, who acquired some notoriety in
Kansas a few years since. Five rebels were mortally wounded. There were no
casualties on our side. The prisoners arrived here to-night.
Thirty-three hundred citizens, male and female, have taken the oath, giving
bond to Gen. Mitchell [in Nashville].
Capt. C. L. S. Medill, of the Twenty-first Illinois, Judge Advocate in the trial of
the Anders troopNOTE 1, died suddenly to-day, of pneumonia, at the St. Cloud
Hotel.
A startling rumor is current to-night that General Bragg was shot and instantly
killed by Gen. Breckinridge, at Tullahoma, yesterday.
A small party of rebels attacked the Louisville train from this city to-day. The
rebels killed two prisoners. No damage was done to the track.
~~~
New York Times, April 28, 1863.
NOTE 1: Anderson's, or the 12th Pennsylvania Cavalry, mutinied just prior to the battle of Stones River over a matter associated with their perceived role as a
body guard for General Anderson.
April 28, 1863 - "DESERTED."
Some four or five says since, the first lieutenant of company A, 16th Illinois
infantry, by the name of Elliot, and the sergeant major of the same regiment,
whose name is Lagrange, took it into their heads that they had served Uncle
Abe as long as was profitable to the government and conducive to their own
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April 28, 1863
health, and adapted what they supposed an excellent plan to baring about the
desired result. The lieutenant was frequently in the city during the past two
weeks, and as was unusual for him, spent a greater portion of his time while
here, in visiting such places as led to the suspicion that all was not right. On
being closely watched, he was discovered to make large purchases of citizens'
clothing, and this being unnecessary for a soldier, he was arrested, charged
with making an attempt at desertion. His former conduct being above suspicion
he was released from custody, and allowed to return to his regiment. Last
Wednesday evening he and the sergeant major forged passes and started for the
land of guerrillas. When they came to the officer of the picket, Lieutenant
Hogle, their passes were produced, and they gave him as an excuse for going
outside of the Federal lines, that they were looking for a deserter, who they
expected to capture at a house a short distance from the spot where they were
then standing, they at the same time requesting Lieutenant Hogle, if he heard
any firing, to at once come to their assistance. About twenty minutes elapsed
when the report of firearms was distinctly heard. The lieutenant took two pickets and went toward the spot from whence the sound came, and soon learned
that Elliott and Lagrange had gone farther on, and he deeming it not prudent to
proceed any further, returned to his post. Had Lieutenant Hogle known that
Elliot had been arrested as an attempted deserter, he would have pursued him at
all hazards, and ere this the rank and file of company A would have been
increased by two men.
Memphis Bulletin, April 28, 1863
April 28, 1863 - Forge expedition in Murfreesboro environs
•See May 1, 1863-May 2, 1863-Federal foraging mission across the Stones
River
April 29, 1863 - Reconnaissance and skirmish on the Chapel Hill Pike
APRIL 29, 1863.- Reconnaissance on the Chapel Hill Pike, Tenn.
Report of Brig. Gen. John M. Schofield, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, Fourteenth Army Corps.
HDQRS. THIRD DIVISION, FOURTEENTH ARMY CORPS, Triune, April
29, 1863.
COL.: I have the honor to report that I went to the front this morning with a brigade of infantry, one battery, a small cavalry force, and forage train, as far as
Jordan's Store, on the Chapel Hill pike. We found and brought in an abundant
supply of good forage. While the trains were loading, I went forward with
about 200 cavalry to within about 4 miles of Chapel Hill. The enemy's picket
was found at Rigg's Cross-Roads, and retired, skirmishing with our advance.
One of the rebels is known to have been killed and several wounded. Three
prisoners were taken. No loss on our side.
Page 198 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 29, 1863
From conversation with negroes and citizens living within the rebel lines, I am
satisfied there is no force in the vicinity of Chapel Hill, except about 500 or
600 cavalry, and that there has been no large force there recently. I failed to
ascertain the whereabouts of the main body of the enemy's cavalry.
I am informed that there are three large flouring mills at and near Chapel Hill,
which furnish large supplies to the rebel army. They can easily be destroyed, if
it is deemed advisable. Whether or not, will, I presume, depend upon contemplated movements of our army. I will wait for instructions from the major-general commanding before making such an expedition.
I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. M. SCHOFIELD, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, p. 326.
HDQRS. SECOND BRIGADE, MARTIN'S CAVALRY DIVISION, Unionville, Tenn., April 30, 1863—6 a. m.
Lieut.-Gen. Polk's Chief of Staff:
~~~
Brig.-Gen. [Maj.-Gen.] Schofield commanded the expedition we drove back
yesterday. It consisted of about 500 mounted men and some artillery. The latter
was not brought into action, but fell back almost immediately to Triune.
~~~
I remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
LAWRENCE W. ORTON,
Col., Cmdg. Second Brigade, Martin's Division of Cavalry.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 804.
April 29, 1863 - Request for funds to pay negro laborers working on Federal fortifications at
Nashville
MURFREESBOROUGH, April 29, 1863—5.10 p. m.
(Received 8.40 p. m.) Maj. J. D. KURTZ,
Corps of Engineers, Assistant Chief Engineer:
The general commanding this department has expressed his wish that the
negroes employed upon the fortifications at Nashville be paid wages, and so
enabled to support their families. Their case being at present a very hard one, I
respectfully ask your attention to the letter I wrote to the Department on this
subject, I think in November last I will shortly prepare and forward estimate to
put this matter in definite shape. At present the commanding general directs me
to request you officially to give it your consideration. The chief difficulties are,
of course, the obtaining the money and the doubt as to propriety of paying
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April 1863 — Page 199
April 29, 1863
slave negroes of loyal and of rebel owners not present, or free negroes who
cannot prove their being free.
I remain, very respectfully, truly, your obedient servant,
J. ST. C. MORTON. Brig.-Gen., Chief Engineer, Army of the Cumberland.
[Indorsement.]
The necessity for paying them is, that from want, say, nine-tenths have
deserted, and I think justly.
W. S. ROSECRANS, Maj.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 291-292.
April 29, 1863 - Confederate scouts, Woodbury to Liberty environs
NEAR WOODBURY, April 29, 1863—10 p. m.
Maj. D. G. REED, Assistant Adjutant-Gen., McMinnville:
MAJ.: This morning I sent two scouts, on different roads, in the direction of
Liberty. They have both returned, and report the enemy moving in the direction
of Murfreesborough, with the greater portion, if not all, of his forces. Their
wagons were loaded with citizens, furniture, &c.
I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. C. P. BRECKINRIDGE, Col., Cmdg.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 802.
April 29, 1863 - Special Order, No. 13
•See April 30, 1863--The war against prostitution in Memphis
Office District Provost Marshal,
District of Memphis
Memphis, Tenn., April 29th, 1863
I. * * * * If, after ten days from the date of this order any house of ill fame,
kept for the purpose of prostitution and lewdness, is discovered in this District,
the inmates thereof will be arrested and sent North,NOTE 1 and their household
furniture reported to the Commanding Officer for confiscation.
II. Any officer or soldier of the United States Army, who in this District should
so far forget the respectability and dignity of his position, as to appear in places
of the above named character, except on official duty, will, upon discovery, be
reported with his name, and regiment, to the Commanding General.
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TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 29, 1863
III. Masters of steamboats are prohibited from bringing to this District and
landing, as passengers, "prostitutes" or women of disreputable character. A
violation of this order will subject the offender to arrest and fine.
The local Provost Marshals in this District will see that these orders are
enforced.
MELANCTHON SMITH, Lieut. Col., and District Provost Marshal.
Approved
Headquarters District of Memphis
Memphis, Tenn., April 30th, 1863
Approved
By order of Brig. Gen J. C. VEATCH.
F. W. FOX, A. A. G.
Memphis Bulletin, May 1, 1863.
NOTE 1: A similar action would take place in Nashville in early July 1863. The tactic
of mass expulsion of prostitutes worked in neither city, leading to a martialmanagement strategy characterized by a system of liscenced prostitution
and medical inspection, established in Nashville in the summer of 1863 and
in Memphis in the fall of 1864.
April 29, 1863 - "I rose up and fired one shot and fell back." J. M. Winn, Confederate soldier, to his wife in Robertson County
Camp 15 miles East of Carthage
April 29th, 1863
Dear Priscilla:
Learning that I have an opportunity of sending you a letter I proceed to write to
you, hoping very cincearingly that it may reach you in safety & find you well
and doing well. These lines leave me in fine health & the boys are all well so
far as I know, (of our Reg.)
Thos. R. Mason I learn is getting well of his wound. I haven't been in but one
battle since I came out this time, that was at Snows HillNOTE 1 near Smithville.
I leigh under the Enemies' fire about 1/2 an hour, was then ordered to retreat. I
rose up and fired one shot and fell back. Our company lost Lieutenant Ashbrook, wounded in the head he is getting well.
Puss I hardly know how to write for I wrote you a letter soon after I cam[e]
through and started it by a man that said he was going through. Some of the
boys say that he didn't go. This is the only chance that I have of sending a letter
to you. I have been anxious to write all the time. I am very glad that I have this
opportunity.
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April 1863 — Page 201
April 29, 1863
Puss, I expect when I hear from you, to hear that you have been confined, I
hope as at any rate and hope that you[r] man have had an easy time of it. That
you have brought forth> & that you both are doing well.
The boys see a tolerable hard time, everything is high out here. Corn is worth
$10. per lb., Bacon from 25 to 35 cts. per lb. Horses are worth from 100 to 800
Dollars.
Write soon, write how you are & how you have been all the time, and if you
have anything there say what it is and its name. Give all the particulars.
Winds of Change, p. 57.
NOTE 1: See April 2-6, 1863, "Reconnaissance, Murfreesborough to Auburn, Lebanon, Carthage, Cherry; Valley, Statesville, Snow Hill & Liberty," above.
April 29, 1863 - Report on successful Federal feint in Middle Tennessee
FRANKLIN, April 30, 1863—9.20 a. m.
Gen. ROSECRANS:
The rebel advance turned out as I predicted. It was their ox that was gored by
our bull. They were sure that we were advancing on them, and moved their
stores and baggage back 20 miles behind Shelbyville. Forrest went to Florence
and Decatur. All quiet in front. Rebels mighty vigilant and mad since our last
rampage.
G. GRANGER. Maj.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, pp. 295-296.
April 29, 1863 - May 5, 1863 - Scout from LaGrange to North Mississippi
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. I, p. 579.NOTE 1
NOTE 1: This scout took place in Mississippi, but originated in Tennessee.
April 30, 1863 - Near Gallatin, Confederate attack on supply convoy on the Cumberland
River bound for Carthage
GALLATIN, April 30, 1863.
Brig.-Gen. GARFIELD, Chief of Staff:
A gunboat and four transports were coming up the river this morning; the
rebels fired into them, and one transport ran on a log and sank. One-third of her
charge can be saved. I shall go to her relief immediately. There were 200 men,
with officers, on the fleet, and only 30 armed, and when they arrived here they
were out of ammunition. I shall supply them. The fleet was going to Carthage.
E. A. PAINE, Brig.-Gen.
Page 202 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 30, 1863
GALLATIN, April 30, 1863—8.15 p. m.
Brig.-Gen. GARFIELD:
I have just returned from the wreck. The boats were fired upon by soldiers and
citizens, with muskets and rifles. The gunboat returned the fire. The rebels had
no artillery. The pilot or some other officer must have been frightened, and
carelessly ran the boat on a log. It was loaded with bread mostly. I think I can
save one hundred boxes. I sent one regiment across the river, to go down, and
sent down my flat-boats to unload the wreck. I expect a fight on this side. The
gunboat was out of ammunition. I furnished what was required from the magazine.
E. A. PAINE, Brig.-Gen.
OR, Ser. I., Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 296. NOTE 1
NOTE 1: Referenced neither in the OR General Index nor in Dyer's Battle Index for
Tennessee. See also: Navy OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pp. 88-90.
April 30, 1863 - Federal contingency plans anticipating Confederate attack in Middle Tennessee
HDQRS. TWENTY-FIRST ARMY CORPS, Murfreesborough, Tenn., April
30, 1863.
Gen. PALMER:
The information I conveyed to you on the morning of the 28th concerning the
movements of the enemy at Beech Grove, the threatening your encampments
at Cripple Creek and Readyville, was written hastily during the night. It was
indefinite at the best, and I write now with the view of expressing my wishes
more explicitly to you and your post commanders in the event of an emergency. In the first place, they must never forget that they are outposts of my
command and for the Army of the Cumberland; that it is not contemplated to
bring on a general engagement at either station, and, therefore, that in an
engagement they must not look for re-enforcements, but fall back to my lines
for protection.
In the event of a formidable attack on Readyville (and which from information
previously received, might prove fatal to our position there), it would be better
for Gen. Hazen to fall back on Cripple Creek, fighting if need be, than for Gen.
Cruft to advance to Readyville, for should a general engagement take place in
the vicinity Readyville in itself will be of no value to us.
In this event, Gen. Hazen will destroy, so far as practicable all works that might
be of value to the enemy. Should the posts be attacked simultaneously and with
a force and energy that might cut off or capture either, both must withdraw,
Gen. Hazen through the woods on the new road indicated by you. I can conceive of no circumstances whereby Gen. Cruft should retire without communi-
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 203
April 30, 1863
cating with or notifying Gen. Hazen. Should authentic information reach these
commanders of a general fight going on (or the sound thereof) on any other
approach to Murfreesborough than that guarded by them, they will unite as
speedily as possible to rejoin my command. Whilst instructions contemplating
an attack by an unknown force, and time and plan of the enemy alike unknown,
must necessarily be very imperfect, yet, relying as I do on the good judgment
discretion, and valor of my commanders, I feel that with these suggestions you,
sir, with Gen.'s Cruft and Hazen, will fully realize and appreciate my views,
and that in the hour of trial the best interests of the cause will be subserved in
your hands.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
T. L. CRITTENDEN, Maj.-Gen., Cmdg.
[Indorsement.]
Respectfully forwarded to Brig.-Gen. Hazen.
This letter was prepared by the corps commander, at my request, that we might
have his views in definite shape for the government of Gen.'s Cruft and Hazen
and myself.
J. M. PALMER, Maj.-Gen., Cmdg.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 23, pt. II, p. 295.
April 30, 1863 - The war against prostitution in Memphis
•See April 29, 1863--Special Order, No. 13
Closing Houses of Ill Fame.-It is a fact too notorious that our city at the present
time is a perfect bee hive of women of ill fame. The public conveyances here
become theirs by right of conquest, so much so, that a lady fears to side
through the streets for fear of being classed with them. To a certain extent the
steamboats plying between this and other cities North of here have not the
same respectability that characterized them in former years. In fact morality,
from importation of lewd women from the North, is almost at a discount. It is
no common occurrence to see that class of beings walking arm and arm with
men who wear the apparel of gentlemen, who are here in civil as well as military capacity, in broad daylight, to the infinite satisfaction of the women and
the great annoyance to respectable people. The nuisance can be stopped, will it
be? An order closing houses of ill-fame, punishing officers and soldiers for
associating with the inmates of those houses and making it a heavy penalty for
steamboatmen to bring lewd women down the river would no doubt have the
desired effect.
Memphis Bulletin, April 30, 1863.
Page 204 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 30, 1863
April 30, 1863 - "Latest Attractions."
Cary's great Show made a brilliant and highly successful opening in our city on
last evening. The entertainment was of a very creditable and amusing character, and consisted of pantomimes, theatrical farces, gymnastic and acrobatic
feats, light and heavy ballooning, dancing, singling, etc. all of which was executed with the greatest skill, reflecting much credit upon the various artists.
May they realize their highest anticipations, and be crowned with the success
they so deservedly merit.
Memphis Bulletin, April 30, 1863.
April 30, 1863 - ". . . we had our shooting match a Tuesday. . . "Letter of Corporal W. C.
Tripp, Company B, 44th Tennessee Infantry, in camp near Wartrace, to
his wife Martha Ann
April the 30 1863
Camp near Wartrace Bedford Co Tenn
Dear Wife I Seat my Self to drop you A few lines to let you no that I am well at
this time. . . there is talk of us a staying here a good while I have heard no news
from the Yankees since you left here Martha I want to come home worse than I
ever did cints you left here I suppose that Col Frelton ses all that wants to come
home they can come before Christmas god grant how soon that hit may bee the
boys is still a quarling yet but hit aint me turn over
The boys all sends thear love and respects to you. . . the helth of the regiment is
very good at this time we had our shooting match a tuesday we shot wild we
shot 160 yards heap of the boys mist the target the target was 6 feet hie 10 feet
long I must bring my few lines to a close I remain youe effectionte husband
untill death
MSCC/CWRC
April 30, 1863 - Political endorsement from the Eighth Regiment of Tennessee Volunteers
Camp Near Shelbyville, Tenn., April 30, 1863
Mr. N. O. Wallace:
Sir—although distant from the country of my nativity, still we feel some anxiety that she gets off on the right foot in the ensuing August [Confederate] election. It encourages those who are in the field to see principles for which they
are contending appreciated and sustained. We cannot have a man more warmly
devoted, or more ready to sacrifice all, for the good of the cause, than our last
Representative from Lincoln county; but I understand that he does not want his
name to come before the people of the country for re-election. This being the
case, I am decidedly in favor of a man who has shown his devotion to our
cause by his works - other thing being equal. Among if not first, stands Capt.
TENNESSEE CIVIL WAR SOURCEBOOK
April 1863 — Page 205
April 30, 1863
Wm. P. Tolley, on this list, who so ardently espoused our cause in its infancy in
Lincoln Co, and he has shown his warm devotion to he cause by enlisting the
first opportunity that was offered, and serving one year in the ranks, when he
was chosen by his company as their leader and continued in his command until
the ever memorable second charge at Gaines' Mill, when he sealed his devotion
to our country's cause with his own blood while gallantly leading his "little
host" to victory. In action he was cool and decided, and I have heard the boys
remark that he and the lamented Major McLaughlin (daring almost to a fault)
did more to rally the Brigade, than any other officer in it—Gen. Archer being
almost exhausted—and Lieut. Col. Shackleford having just fallen. I merely
give this short sketch as nothing but due one who has acted his part so nobly in
the great struggle for Southern rights and Southern independence and would
commend him to the favorable consideration of the people of Lincoln Co., as
their candidate to represent them in the lower branch of our next Legislature,
believing him to be in every way qualified for that position, and having as
many claims on the people as any other man on account of services rendered.
A voice from the 8th Reg't Tenn. Vols.
Fayetteville Observer, May 21, 1863.
April 30, 1863 - Orders to carry on anti-insurgent operations on the Obion river and report
of the capture of Confederate guerrilla leader Captain Cotter and 25 of his
men near Eaton, Gibson County
COLUMBUS, KY., April 30, 1863—10.20 p. m.
Lieut. Col. HENRY BINMORE, Asst. Adjt. Gen., Memphis, Tenn.:
At the request of Maj.-Gen. Curtis, I ordered, on 28th, six companies of Fourth
Missouri Cavalry to co-operate with the New Madrid troops against Marmaduke, and to operate on their return on the Obion against the two rebel captains, Porter and Cotter. I have not yet head from the expedition, but Capt.
Frank Moore, Second Illinois Cavalry, has just reported with Capt. Cotter and
25 of his men, captured in the vicinity of Eaton,NOTE 1 Gibson County, Tennessee, after a six days' scout and pursuit through the swamps. Capt. Moore nearly
succeeded in capturing Capt. Porter also, who escaped in a skiff across the
Forked Deer River, with Moore in hot pursuit.
ASBOTH.
OR, Ser. I, Vol. 24, pt. III, pp, 248-249.
NOTE 1: Eaton is located on SR 188 in the western section of Gibson county, near the
Crocket county line.
Page 206 — April 1863
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION
April 30, 1863
April 30, 1863 - Favoritism in the execution of Confederate conscription in Union county
The following unique letter was handed us by Capt. Webb, of the Enrolling
Office of this Department;
UNION COUNTY, April 30, 1863
To Col. Blake, Comeding Cornscripts and so fourth:
Now Sur, I beg leeve to make a few remarks. Are the cornscripts ov ower
cownty liable and ordered to be arrested. And delivered over at Knocksville to
who has the collection ov them. Are the cornscripts officers aloud to seez one
man and send wurd to anuther to cleer out and hide hisself? And then Kernel ar
we kumpelled to have rollin officers who send men and buoys ove the mountings, telling the young men not yet 18 that the C. Gov. had abanderud ages
under 18, and was ketchin corncripts by weight. And by this they have actery
sceered off sum who ar not 17 years old-one in particler Elber Dawl, near me
wus told that ef he weighed 124 lbs, he sertinly must go into the service of the
C. S., and that nite he left for Ky., and is over thar now. We has in this cownty
every enrollin offiser for the very wust cort of Likninite, & every one relatives
ov the Cheerman or Cownty Court Clerk & this clerk was Thornberg's 1st
Lieut. & the Cheerman is no better. Can we not have these stowt young men
cauld into the servis or let them run off as sum ov them will do & have men
over, 45 appointed or appint ower justices ov the peas & uther persins exempt
from Concript this would at once put a mazingly formydable foarce ov young
men into the field & leave them who now have nuthin to do offishally to attend
to the enroaling clerks sheriffs justices & other exempts. I have ritten to Congress asken them to pass a kempulserry law on the cownty coarts to make up
the rollin officers entirely ov the exempt whether you have the power to change
the appointments I know not, but this ere you can do, put them into the army a
foarce the cownty courts to make other appointments for the pressant incumbenters in moast of the cownties in East Tennessee is a burlesk on the military
but I kno that we has sum very good uns if I can get an order I will arrest a
phew bad men & who ar lyin out steling everything in thar reach I have
extended my few disjointed remarks much further than I espceted at first yours
truly
JOHN DOOLY.
We are inclined to believe that the publication of the foregoing patriotic letter
will result in important reforms in the enforcement of the Conscript act, and we
accept in advance the thanks of Col. Blake for the invaluable suggestions presented.
Knoxville Daily Register, May 21, 1863.
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April 30, 1863
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