[last updated 12/9/16; mag1010]
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Historical Tripos – Part I – Paper 4
British Political History 1485-1714
The Tudor and Stuart Age
Faculty Reading List
Moodle. This document can be found on the Paper 4 Moodle website.
Course Guide. The Moodle site includes the Course Guide and background information
about the Tudor-Stuart age. All lecturers are encouraged to put their handouts on the site. It
is vital to use this Reading List in conjunction with the Course Guide.
Asterisk / debates / essays. In the reading lists below, key items are marked with asterisks.
Please note that the reading lists contain more items for each topic that you can realistically
cover in a week, but these bibliographies are provided as a resource to enable you to pursue
your own interests within the paper and to offer alternatives should you be unable to obtain
particular items for a given supervision. Each list is preceded by a note of some of the main
debates and questions for discussion.
Convenor. The current course convenor (Professor Mark Goldie, [email protected]).
welcomes comments from supervisors and students concerning additions and amendments
to these reading lists.
Two sections. The paper is divided into two sections. Section A, Chronological, comprises
15 topics covering the whole period sequentially and in a British context. Section B, Themes
in Early Modern British History, comprises 8 topics that encompass the whole period.
Candidates taking this paper will need to engage with the history of all three kingdoms,
though it will also be possible for them to develop a special knowledge of one or more of
these. In the examination, candidates should not feel constrained by the boundaries between
Sections A and B, but they should avoid undue repetition.
Exam paper. The exam paper is divided into the same two sections, and candidates are
required to answer three questions, including at least one from each section. The exam
paper will include questions on each of the 23 topics.
Basic books. If you have never studied the period before, some beginners' items are:
Kenneth Morgan, ed., The Oxford Illustrated History of Britain (1984).
John Morrill, ed., Oxford Illustrated History of Tudor and Stuart England (1996).
Patrick Collinson, The Sixteenth Century, 1485-1603 (2002).
Blair Worden, The English Civil Wars, 1640-1660 (2009).
Jenny Wormald, ed., The Seventeenth Century (2008).
Textbooks. Some excellent textbooks:
Stephen Ellis and Christopher Maginn, The Making of the British Isles (2007).
John Guy, Tudor England (1988).
Jane Dawson, Scotland Reformed (2007).
Mark Nicholls, A History of the Modern British Isles, 1529-1603 (1999).
Barry Coward, The Stuart Age (1978).
David Scott, Leviathan: the Rise of Britain as a World Power (2013).
David Smith, A History of the Modern British Isles, 1603-1707 (1998).
Nicholas Canny, N., From Reformation to Restoration: Ireland, 1534-1660 (1987).
T. Moody, F. Martin, and F. Byrne, A new history of Ireland: vol. 3, 1534-1691 (1991).
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Primary sources. You may wish to equip yourself with one or more documentary
sourcebooks:
G. R. Elton, ed., The Tudor Constitution (1960, and later editions).
J. P. Kenyon, ed., The Stuart Constitution (1966, and later editions).
E. N. Williams, ed., The Eighteenth-Century Constitution (1960, later editions).
David Wootton, ed., Divine Right and Democracy (1986). [Stuart century]
W. C. Dickinson, G. Donaldson, and I. A. Milne (eds) A Source Book of Scottish
History (1958-63).
Note also English Historical Documents Online, vols. IV, Va, Vb, VI (accessible
online, see below).
Internet resources. There are many useful internet resources for early modern British
history, available via the Newton Catalogue e-resources site. The most important are:
JSTOR (journal articles).
ODNB (Oxford Dictionary of National Biography).
EEBO (Early English Books Online: for pre-1700 printed texts).
ECCO (Eighteenth-Century Collections Online: for 1700-1800 printed texts).
ESTC (English Short Title Catalogue: bibliography of pre-1800 printed books).
Bibliography of British and Irish History (via Brepolis).
BHO (British History Online).
Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 (www.rps.ac.uk)
English Historical Documents Online, vols. IV, Va, Vb, VI, cover our period.
Depositions relating to the 1641 rebellion (http://1641.tcd.ie/).
Journals. The journals which contain most key articles on early modern British history are:
English Historical Review
Historical Journal
Historical Research
Journal of British Studies
Journal of Ecclesiastical History
Journal of Modern History
Past and Present
Transactions
of
the
Historical Society
Royal
More primary sources. Although not part of the formal Reading Lists, do try to inform your
understanding of the Tudor-Stuart age by reading primary sources. Here are some more:
Gilbert Burnet, History of my Own Time, abridged T. Stackhouse (1991).
Oliver Cromwell, Speeches, ed. I. Roots (2002).
Lucy Hutchinson, Memoirs of the Life of Colonel Hutchinson, ed. N. H. Keeble (1995).
James VI and I, Political Writings, ed. J. P. Sommerville (1994).
John Milton, Political Writings, ed. M. Dzelzainis (1991).
Thomas More, Utopia, eds. M. Logan and R. Adams (2002).
Roger Morrice, The Entring Book of Roger Morrice, gen. ed. M. Goldie, 6 vols.
(2007).
Samuel Pepys, Diary, eds. R. Latham and W. Matthews, 11 vols. (1971-83).
H. C. Porter, ed., Puritanism in Tudor England (1970).
Andrew Sharp, ed., The English Levellers (1998).
Thomas Smith, De Republica Anglorum, ed. M. Dewar (1982).
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Table of Contents
Section A (Chronological): Early Modern Britain and Ireland 1485-1714 [15]
1. Kingship at the turn of the sixteenth century: Henry VII and James IV 1485-1513
2. Politics and government in the British Isles, c.1509-1547
3. The Henrician Reformation and its repercussions 1521-1547
4. Crisis and Conflict in the British Isles 1542-1561
5. Securing Regimes and Eliminating Rivals: Governance in the British Isles 1558-1587
6. War and succession politics in the British Isles, 1585-1603
7. Reformation and state religion c. 1559-1603
8. Politics and government, 1603-1640
9. Religion and the church, 1603-1640
10. The Civil Wars, regicide, and the radicals, 1637-1649
11. The Interregnum, Oliver Cromwell, and the republicans, 1649-1660
12. Politics in the reign of Charles II, 1660-1685
13. James VII and II and the Revolution, 1685-1690
14. Parliament, parties, and political culture, 1689-1714
15. The restored church and religious dissent, 1660-1714
Section B: Themes in Early Modern British History [8]
16. The three kingdoms and the ‘British problem’
17. Centre and locality: state formation and patterns of governance
18. The culture of power and the power of culture
19. Political ideas: sovereignty, common law, counsel, and constitution
20. Rebellion, Resistance and Revolt
21. Media and opinion: pulpits and pamphlets, news and censorship
22. Britain, Europe, and Christendom
23. The emergence of the Atlantic Empire
Section A: Chronological – Early Modern Britain and Ireland 14851714
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1. Kingship at the turn of the sixteenth century: Henry VII and James IV, 1485-1513
Key debates
Impact of the Wars of the Roses
Centralisation of government
Crown finance, the royal demesne, and lordship
A ‘new monarchy’ – the end of the Middle Ages?
Questions for discussion
Did Henry VII ever escape the insecurity of the Wars of the Roses?
Might he have done so if he had pursued different policies?
Did Henry VII and/or James IV significantly alter the conduct or principles of government?
Why was crown finance so prominent a feature of either/both reigns?
Why were relations between the crown and the nobility so different under these two kings?
Does the term ‘new monarchy’ have any value in understanding either/both reigns?
Key publications: Henry VII
Carpenter, C., The Wars of the Roses (1997), chs. 11-12.
Cavill, P.R., The English Parliaments of Henry VII, 1485-1504 (2009).
Chrimes, S.B., Henry VII (1972; 1999 edn. has new intro. only).
*Condon, M., ‘Ruling elites in the reign of Henry VII’, in C. Ross, ed., Patronage, Pedigree
and Power in Later Medieval England (1979); reprinted in J. Guy, ed., The Tudor
Monarchy (1997).
Cooper, J.P., ‘Henry VII’s last years reconsidered’, Historical Journal, 2 (1959) [see Elton].
*Cunningham, S., Henry VII (2007).
Davies, C.S.L., ‘Information, disinformation and political knowledge under Henry VII and
early Henry VIII’, Historical Research, 85 (2012).
Davies, C.S.L., ‘Tudor: what’s in a name?’, History 97 (2012).
Elton, G.R., ‘Henry VII: rapacity and remorse’, Historical Journal, 1 (1958), and ‘Henry VII: a
restatement’, Historical Journal, 4 (1961); both reprinted in his Studies in Tudor and
Stuart Politics and Government, vol. 1 (1974) [see Cooper].
Goodman, A., The New Monarchy: England 1471-1534 (1974)
Grummitt, D., A Short History of the Wars of the Roses (2013), chs. 6-8.
Grummitt, D., ‘Henry VII, chamber finance and the new monarchy’, Historical Research, 72
(1999).
Gunn, S.J., ‘The accession of Henry VIII’, Historical Research, 64 (1991).
Gunn, S.J., ‘The courtiers of Henry VII’, English Historical Review, 108 (1993); reprinted in J.
Guy, ed., The Tudor Monarchy (1997).
Gunn, S.J., Early Tudor Government (1995), esp. intro.
Gunn, ‘Henry VII’, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004) [online].
*Gunn, S.J., ‘Henry VII in context: problems and possibilities’, History, 92 (2007).
Horowitz, M.R., ed., Who was Henry VII? = special issue of Historical Research, 82/2 (2009).
Horrox, R., ‘Yorkist and early Tudor England’, in C.T. Allmand, ed., The New Cambridge
Medieval History, vol. 7 (1998).
Lander, J.R., ‘Bonds, coercion and fear: Henry VII and the peerage’, in his Crown and
Nobility (1976).
Luckett, D., ‘Crown, office and licensed retinues in the reign of Henry VII’, in R. Archer and S.
Walker, eds., Rulers and Ruled in Late Medieval England (1995).
Penn, T., Winter King: The Dawn of Tudor England (2011).
Pollard, A.J., The Wars of the Roses (3rd edn., 2013), ch. 5.
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Pugh, T.B., ‘Henry VII and the English nobility’, in G.W. Bernard, ed., The Tudor Nobility
(1992).
Ross, J., John de Vere, Thirteenth Earl of Oxford (2011); retitled for paperback edn. The
Foremost Man of the Kingdom (2015).
Storey, R.L., The Reign of Henry VII (1968).
*Thompson, B., ed., The Reign of Henry VII (1995), esp. intro., Carpenter, Watts.
Watts, J.L., ed., The End of the Middle Ages? (1998), esp. intro., Gunn, concl.
Key publications: James IV
Boardman, S., ‘Royal finance and regional rebellion in the reign of James IV’, in J. Goodare
and A.A. MacDonald, eds., Sixteenth-Century Scotland (2008).
Brown, J.M., ed., Scottish Society in the Fifteenth Century (1977), esp. chs. 1-3.
Burns, J., The true law of kingship: concepts of monarchy in early modern Scotland (1996),
chs. 1-2.
*Dawson, J.E.A., Scotland Re-Formed, 1488-1587 (2007), intro., pt. 1.
MacDonald, A.A., ‘Princely culture in Scotland under James III and James IV’, in M.L.
Gosman, A. MacDonald, and A.J. Vanderjagt, eds., Princes and Princely Culture,
1450-1650, vol. 1 (2003).
Macdougall, N., James IV (1989).
Macdougall, N., ‘The estates in eclipse? Politics and parliaments in the reign of James IV’, in
K.M. Brown and R.J. Tanner, eds., Parliament and Politics in Scotland, 1235-1560
(2004).
Macfarlane, L.J., William Elphinstone and the Kingdom of Scotland, 1431-1514: The Struggle
for Order (1985).
Mason, R., Kingship and the Commonweal: Political Thought in Renaissance and
Reformation Scotland (1998), chs. 1, 3.
*Mason, R., ‘Renaissance monarchy? Stewart kingship (1469-1542)’, in M. Brown and R.
Tanner, eds., Scottish Kingship, 1306–1542 (2008).
Stevenson, K., ‘Chivalry, British sovereignty and dynastic politics: undercurrents of
antagonism in Tudor-Stewart relations, c.1490-c.1513’, Historical Research, 86
(2013).
*Wormald, J., Court, kirk and community, 1470-1625 (1981), pt. 1.
Wormald, J., ‘Taming the magnates?’, in K. Stringer, ed., Essays on the Nobility of Medieval
Scotland (1985).
Key publications: Ireland, Wales and Henry VII’s international relations
Arthurson, I., The Perkin Warbeck Conspiracy, 1491-1499 (1994).
Bennett, M.J., Lambert Simnel and the Battle of Stoke (1987).
Conway, A., Henry VII’s Relations with Scotland and Ireland, 1485-1498 (1932).
Cosgrove, A., ed., A New History of Ireland, vol. 2 (1987), chs. 21-3.
*Connolly, S., Contested Island: Ireland 1460-1630 (2007), chs. 1-2.
Currin, J., ‘England’s international relations, 1485-1509: continuities amidst change’, in S.
Doran and G. Richardson, eds., Tudor England and Its Neighbours (2005).
Ellis, S.G., ‘Henry VII and Ireland, 1491-1496’, in J.F. Lydon, ed., Ireland in the Later Middle
Ages (1981).
*Ellis, S.G., Ireland in the Age of the Tudors (1998), intro., chs. 1-5.
Robinson, W.R.B., ‘Early Tudor policy towards Wales’, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies,
20/4 (1964), 21/1 (1964), 21/4 (1966).
Smith, J.B., ‘Crown and community in the principality of north Wales in the reign of Henry
VII’, Welsh Historical Review, 3 (1966-7).
*Williams, G., Recovery, reorientation and Reformation: Wales, 1415-1642 (1987); re-titled
Renewal and Reformation for paperback edn. (1993), chs. 9-10.
2. Politics and government in the British Isles, c.1509-1547
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Key debates
The rise of the court – the decline of the nobility?
Kings, ministers, and factions: agency in a personal monarchy
State formation and a ‘Tudor revolution in government’
Questions for discussion
Did the pre-eminence of the royal court transform the practice of politics?
Were monarchs more or less beholden to their subjects as a result?
Was there any substance behind the competitive glamour of Renaissance kingship?
How coherent and effective were efforts at governmental reform? What motivated them?
Key publications: Henry VIII
Bernard, G.W., ‘The continuing power of the Tudor nobility’, in Bernard, ed., The Tudor
Nobility (1992).a
*Bernard, G.W., ‘Elton’s Cromwell’, History, 83 (1998).a
Bernard, G.W., ‘The fall of Anne Boleyn’, English Historical Review, 106 (1991).a
Bernard, G.W., ‘The fall of Wolsey reconsidered’, Journal of British Studies, 35 (1996).a
Bernard, G.W., ed., The Tudor Nobility (1992).
Coleman, C., and D. Starkey, eds., Revolution Reassessed (1986), esp. Starkey #2c, Guyb.
Davies, C.S.L., ‘The Cromwellian decade’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6th
series, 7 (1997).
Elton, G.R., Reform and Reformation: England 1509-1558 (1977).
[Elton, G.R, The Tudor Revolution in Government (1953)] → approach through the debate
between P. Williams, G.L. Harriss, J.P. Cooper, and Elton in Past & Present, 25
(1963), 26 (1963), 29 (1964), 31 (1965), 32 (1965).
Ellis, S.G., ‘Frontiers and noble power in the early Tudor state’, History Today, 45/4 (April
1995).c
Graves, M.A.R., Early Tudor Parliaments (1990).
Gunn, S.J., ‘Chivalry and the politics of the early Tudor court’, in S. Anglo, ed., Chivalry in the
Renaissance (1990).
*Gunn, S.J., Early Tudor Government (1995).
Gunn, S.J., ‘The French wars of Henry VIII’, in J. Black, ed., The Origins of War in Early
Modern Europe (1987).
*Gunn, S.J, ‘The structures of politics in early Tudor England’, Transactions of the Royal
Historical Society, 6th series, 5 (1995).
Guy, J., ‘The Henrician age’, in J.G.A. Pocock, ed., Varieties of British Political Thought
(1993).b
Guy, J., ‘The king’s council and political participation’, in A. Fox and Guy, Reassessing the
Henrician Age (1986).b
*Guy, J., ‘Thomas Cromwell and the intellectual origins of the Henrician Revolution’, in A.
Fox and Guy, Reassessing the Henrician Age (1986).c
Harris, I., ‘Some origins of a Tudor revolution’, English Historical Review, 126 (2011).
Ives, E.W., Faction in Tudor England (2nd edn, 1986).
Ives, E.W., ‘The fall of Anne Boleyn’, English Historical Review, 107 (1992).
Ives, E.W., ‘Henry VIII’, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004) [on-line].
MacCulloch, D., ed., The Reign of Henry VIII (1995).
Miller, H., Henry VIII and the English Nobility (1986).
Richardson, G., ‘Eternal peace, occasional war: Anglo-French relations under Henry VIII’, in
S. Doran and G. Richardson, eds., Tudor England and its Neighbours (2005).
Richardson, G., The Field of the Cloth of Gold (2013).
Richardson, G., Renaissance Monarchy (2002).
Scarisbrick, J.J., Henry VIII (1968; 1997 edn. has new intro.).
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Starkey, D., ‘From feud to faction’, History Today, 32/11 (Nov. 1982).
*Starkey, D., ‘Intimacy and innovation: the rise of the privy chamber, 1485-1547’, in Starkey,
ed., The English Court from the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War (1987).
Starkey, D., The Reign of Henry VIII (1985).
Starkey, D., ‘Representation through intimacy’, in I. Lewis, ed., Symbols and Sentiments
(1977).c
Starkey, D., ed., Henry VIII: A European Court in England (1991) = exhibition catalogue.
*Wooding, L., Henry VIII (2008).
= reprinted in G.W. Bernard, Power and Politics in Tudor England (2000)
= reprinted in J. Guy, Politics, Law and Counsel in Tudor and Early Stuart England (2000)
c = reprinted in J. Guy, ed., The Tudor Monarchy (1997)
a
b
Key publications: Henrician government in Ireland and Wales
Bradshaw, B., The Irish Constitutional Revolution of the Sixteenth Century (1979).
*Bradshaw, B., ‘The Tudor reformation and revolution in Wales and Ireland: the origins of the
British problem’, in Bradshaw and J. Morrill, eds., The British Problem (1997).
Brady, C., The Chief Governors: The Rise and Fall of Reform Government in Tudor Ireland,
1536-1588 (1994), prologue, ch. 1.
*Brady, C., ‘Comparable histories? Tudor reform in Wales and Ireland’, in S.G. Ellis and S.
Barber, eds., Conquest and Union (1995).
Connolly, S., Contested Island: Ireland 1460-1630 (2007), ch. 3.
Ellis, S.G., ‘England in the Tudor state’, Historical Journal, 26 (1983).
Ellis, S.G., Ireland in the Age of the Tudors (1997), chs. 5-7.
Ellis, S.G., Tudor Frontiers and Noble Power (1995).
Haywood, E., ‘Humanism’s priorities and empire’s prerogatives: Polydore Vergil’s description
of Ireland’, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Section C, 109 (2009).
Maginn, C., ‘The Gaelic peers, the Tudor sovereigns, and English multiple monarchy’,
Journal of British Studies, 50 (2011).
Roberts, P.R., ‘The English crown, the principality of Wales and the council of the Marches,
1534-1641’, in B. Bradshaw and J. Morrill, eds., The British Problem (1996).
Roberts, P.R., ‘Wales and England after the Tudor “union”’, in C. Cross, D. Loades, and J.J.
Scarisbrick, eds., Law and Government under the Tudors (1988).
*Robinson, W.R.B., ‘The Tudor revolution in Welsh government, 1536-1543: its effect on
gentry participation’, English Historical Review, 103 (1988).
Williams, G., Recovery, Reorientation and Reformation: Wales, 1415-1642 (1987); re-titled
Renewal and Reformation for paperback edn. (1993), chs. 10–11.
Key publications: James V
Blakeway, A., Regency in Sixteenth-Century Scotland (2015).
Burns, J., The True Law of Kingship (1996), chs. 2-3.
*Cameron, J., James V: The Personal Rule, 1528-1542 (1998),
Cathcart, A., ‘James V, king of Scotland – and Ireland?’, in S. Duffy, ed., The World of the
Galloglass (2007).
Dawson, J.E.A., Scotland Re-Formed, 1488-1587 (2007), pt. 2.
Edington, C., Court and Culture in Renaissance Scotland: Sir David Lindsay of the Mount
(1994).
Hadley Williams, J., ed., Stewart Style, 1513-1542 (1996), esp. Murray.
Mason, R., Kingship and the Commonweal (1998), chs. 2-4.
Mason, R., ‘Renaissance monarchy? Stewart Kingship (1469-1542)’, in M. Brown and R.
Tanner, eds., Scottish Kingship, 1306-1542 (2008)
*Thomas, A., Princelie Majestie: The Court of James V of Scotland (2005).
Wormald, J., Court, Kirk and Community, 1470-1625 (1981), pt. 1.
3. The Henrician Reformation and its repercussions, 1521-1547
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Key debates
Cause: more complex and deep-rooted than the King’s ‘Great Matter’?
Agency: ‘the king’s reformation’ vs. a process of elite political manoeuvring
Character: Catholic (without the pope), Erasmian humanist, international evangelical
Reception: support, co-operation, collaboration, resistance, and indifference
Effect: creative and destructive influences on popular piety and religious identities
Questions for discussion
Is the condition of the Church before 1529 relevant in explaining the Henrician Reformation?
Was the Henrician Reformation simply an idiosyncratic melange of royal prejudices?
Why did a king who hated Luther end up heading a Church that was influenced by his ideas?
How popular was the Henrician Reformation in England and/or Wales and/or Ireland?
Key publications: Henrician Reformation
Amos, N.S., A. Pettegree, and H.F.K. van Nierop, eds., The Education of a Christian Society:
Humanism and the Reformation in Britain and the Netherlands (1999)
Aston, M., England’s Iconoclasts (1988).
Bernard, G.W., ‘The dissolution of the monasteries’, History, 92 (2011).
Bernard, G.W., The King’s Reformation: Henry VIII and the Remaking of the English Church
(2005).
Bernard, G.W., The Late Medieval English Church (2012).
Bernard, G.W., ‘The making of religious policy, 1533–46’, Historical Journal, 41 (1998).
*Bradshaw, B., ‘Sword, word and strategy in the Reformation in Ireland’, Historical Journal 21
(1978).
Brigden, S., London and the Reformation (1989).
Brigden, S., ‘Youth and the English Reformation’, Past & Present, 95 (1982); reprinted in P.
Marshall, ed., The Impact of the English Reformation (1997).
Dickens, A., The English Reformation (2nd edn, 1989), chs. 1-9 – on whom see a special
issue of Historical Research, 77/195 (2004).
Duffy, E., The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, 1400-1580 (1992), pt. 1
and chs. 11-12.
Elton, G.R., Policy and Police: The Enforcement of the Reformation in the Age of Thomas
Cromwell (1972).
Gunther, K., Reformation Unbound: Protestant Visions of Reform in England, 1525–1590
(2014), intro., chs. 1-2.
Gunther, K., and Shagan, E.H., ‘Protestant radicalism and political thought in the reign of
Henry VIII’, Past & Present, 194 (2007).
Haigh, C., ‘Anticlericalism and the English Reformation’, History, 68 (1983); reprinted in
Haigh, ed., The English Reformation Revised (1987).
*Haigh, C., English Reformations (1993), prologue, intro., chs. 1-9.
Haigh, C., ‘The recent historiography of the English Reformation’, Historical Journal, 25
(1982); reprinted in C. Haigh, ed., The English Reformation Revised (1987).
Harper-Bill, C., ‘Dean Colet’s convocation sermon and the pre-Reformation Church in
England’, History, 32 (1988); reprinted in P. Marshall, ed., The Impact of the English
Reformation (1997) [sermon is in English Historical Documents, vol. 5, doc. 79]
Hope, A., ‘Lollardy: the stone the builders rejected?’, in P. Lake and M. Dowling, eds.,
Protestantism and the National Church in Sixteenth-Century England (1987).
Hoyle, R.W., ‘The origins of the dissolution of the monasteries’, Historical Journal, 38 (1995).
Lutton, R., Lollardy and Orthodox Religion in pre-Reformation England (2006), esp. ch. 1.
MacCulloch, D., Thomas Cranmer (1996).
MacCulloch, D., ed., The Reign of Henry VIII (1995), Murphy, MacCulloch, Whiting.
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Marshall, P., ‘Anticlericalism revested?’, in C. Burgess and E. Duffy, eds., The Parish in Late
Medieval England (2006).
Marshall, P., ‘Is the pope Catholic?’, in E.H. Shagan, ed., Catholics and the ‘Protestant
Nation’ (2005); reprinted in his Religious Identities in Henry VIII’s England (2006).
Marshall, P., ‘Mumpsimus and sumpsimus’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 52 (2001);
reprinted in his Religious Identities in Henry VIII’s England (2006).
Marshall, P., Religious Identities in Henry VIII’s England (2006).
*Marshall, P., and A. Ryrie, eds., The Beginnings of English Protestantism (2002), esp. intro.,
Marshall, Ryrie.
Marshall, P., ed., The Impact of the English Reformation, 1500-1640 (1997), chs. 1-7.
Rex, R., ‘The crisis of obedience: God’s word and Henry’s Reformation’, Historical Journal,
39 (1996).
Rex, R., ‘The English campaign against Luther in the 1520s’, Transactions of the Royal
Historical Society, 5th series, 39 (1989).
*Rex, R., Henry VIII and the English Reformation (1993; 2006 edn. has new ch.).
Rex, R., The Lollards (2002), chs. 4-5.
Rex, R., ‘The religion of Henry VIII’, Historical Journal, 57 (2014).
Ryrie, A., The Gospel and Henry VIII: Evangelicals in the Early English Reformation (2003).
Ryrie, A., ‘The strange death of Lutheran England’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 53
(2002).
Scarisbrick, J.J., The Reformation and the English People (1984), esp. chs. 4-5.
*Shagan, E.H., Popular Politics and the English Reformation (2003), intro., plus pts. 1-2.
Shagan, E.H., The Rule of Moderation: Violence, Religion and the Politics of Restraint in
Early Modern England (2011), ch. 2.
Wendebourg, D., ed., Sister Reformations (2010), esp. Null, Ryrie.
Key publications: transnational and cross-cultural reformations
Cooper, J.P.D., Propaganda and the Tudor State: Political Culture in the Westcountry (2003),
chs. 1, 4, 6.
Heal, F., ‘Mediating the word: language and dialect in the British and Irish Reformations’,
Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 56 (2005).
*Heal, F., Reformation in Britain and Ireland (2003), pts. 1-3.
Jefferies, H.A., ‘The early Tudor reformations in the Irish pale’, Journal of Ecclesiastical
History, 52 (2001).
*Jefferies, H.A., The Irish Church and the Tudor Reformations (2010), ch. 4.
Kellar, C., Scotland, England, and the Reformation, 1534-61 (2003), chs. 1-2.
Marshall, P., ‘“The Greatest Man in Wales”: James ap Gruffydd ap Hywel and the
International Opposition to Henry VIII’, Sixteenth Century Journal, 39 (2008).
Mason, R., ‘Regnum et imperium: humanism and the political culture of early Renaissance
Scotland’, in his Kingship and the Commonweal (1998).
Ryrie, A., The Origins of the Scottish Reformation (2006), intro., chs. 1-2.
Scott, B., Religion and Reformation in the Tudor Diocese of Meath (2006).
Murray, J., Enforcing the English Reformation in Ireland: Clerical Resistance and Political
Conflict in the Diocese of Dublin, 1534-1590 (2009), chs. 1-5.
Ó Hannracháin, T., and R. Armstrong, eds., Christianities in the Early Modern Celtic World
(2014).
Olson, K.K., ‘Was the Reformation welcomed in Wales?’, in H.V. Bowen, ed., A New History
of Wales (2011).
Williams, G., Wales and the Reformation (1997).
Wormald, Court, Kirk and Community, 1470-1625 (1981), chs. 6-7.
4. Crisis and conflict in the British Isles, 1542-1561
10
Key debates
The impact of absentee, female, and underage monarchs
The Tudor succession controversy in its international context
Religious radicalism – in government and against it
Religious reform – within the regime and outside it
Questions for discussion
How well did the Tudor and Stewart polities cope with the lack of adult male monarchs?
How effective were proxies – protectors, regents, presidents – as substitute rulers?
Why did risings and rebellions cluster in this period?
Did religious policies entrench minorities, rather than convert majorities?
Were Catholic regimes as innovative as Protestant ones?
Could the Scottish Reformers have succeeded without English backing?
Key publications: British reformations
Alford, S., The Early Elizabethan Polity (1998), chs. 1-4.
Cavill, P.R., ‘Heresy and forfeiture in Marian England’, Historical Journal, 56 (2013).
Cowan, I.B., The Scottish Reformation (1982), esp. chs. 4-6.
Davies, C., A Religion of the Word: The Defence of the Reformation in the Reign of Edward
VI (2002).
Dawson, J.E.A., ‘Revolutionary conclusions: the case of the Marian exiles’, History of
Political Thought, 11 (1990).
Dawson, J.E.A., ‘The two John Knoxes’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 55 (2004).
Dawson, J.E.A., ‘William Cecil and the British dimension of early Elizabethan foreign policy’,
History, 74 (1989).
*Duffy, E., Fires of Faith: Catholic England under Mary Tudor (2009).
Duffy, E., The Stripping of the Altars (1992; 2005 edn. with new preface), chs. 13-16; 16 (on
Mary) reprinted in P. Marshall, ed., The Impact of the English Reformation (1997).
Duffy, E., and D. Loades, eds., The Church of Mary Tudor (2006).
Evenden, E., and V. Westbrook, eds., Catholic Renewal and Protestant Resistance in Marian
England (2015).
Hutton, R., ‘The local impact of the Tudor reformations’, in C. Haigh, ed., The English
Reformation Revised (1987); reprinted in P. Marshall, ed., The Impact of the English
Reformation (1997).
Jefferies, H.A., The Irish Church and the Tudor Reformations (2010), chs. 5-6.
*Kellar, C., Scotland, England, and the Reformation, 1534-61 (2003).
Loades, D., The Religious Culture of Marian England (2010).
*MacCulloch, D., Tudor Church Militant: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation (1999).
Mason, R., Kingship and the Commonweal: Political Thought in Renaissance Scotland
(1998), chs. 5, 9.
Merriman, M., ‘The high road from Scotland: Stewarts and Tudors in the mid-sixteenth
century’, in A. Grant and K. Stringer, eds., Uniting the Kingdom (1995).
Merriman, M., The Rough Wooings: Mary Queen of Scots, 1542–1551 (2000).
Pettegree, A., Marian Protestantism: Six Studies (1996), esp. intro., ch. 4, concl.
Phillips, G., The Anglo-Scots Wars, 1513-1550 (1999), chs. 4 ff.
Potter, D., ‘Mid-Tudor foreign policy and diplomacy, 1547-63’, in S. Doran and G.
Richardson, eds., Tudor England and Its Neighbours (2005).
Ryrie, A., The Age of Reformation: The Tudor and Stewart Realms (2009), chs. 6-8.
Ryrie, A., ‘Clubs, congregations and the nature of early Protestantism in Scotland’, Past &
Present, 191 (2006).
*Ryrie, A., The Origins of the Scottish Reformation (2006).
11
Ryrie, A., ‘Reform without frontiers in the last years of Catholic Scotland’, English Historical
Review, 119 (2004).
Shagan, E.H., ‘Confronting compromise: the schism and its legacy in mid-Tudor England’, in
Shagan, ed., Catholics and the ‘Protestant Nation’ (2005).
Shagan, E.H., Popular Politics and the English Reformation (2003), pt. 3.
Williams, G., Recovery, Reorientation and Reformation in Wales, c. 1415-1642 (1987)
Key publications: politics in an age of unconventional monarchs
*Alford, S., Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI (2002).
*Blakeway, A., Regency in Sixteenth-Century Scotland (2015).
Bryson, A., ‘Edward VI’s “speciall men”: crown and locality in mid-Tudor England’, Historical
Research, 82 (2009).
Bush, M., The Government Policy of Protector Somerset (1977).
Elton, G.R., ‘Reform and the “commonwealthmen” of Edward VI’s reign’, in P. Clark, A. Smith
and N. Tyacke, eds., The English Commonwealth (1979); reprinted in his Studies in
Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government, vol. 3 (1983).
Dawson, J.E.A., Scotland Re-Formed, 1488-1587 (2007), chs. 7-9.
Doran, S., and T.S. Freeman, eds., Mary Tudor (2011).
Edwards, J., Mary I (2011).
Fletcher, A., and D. MacCulloch, Tudor Rebellions (rev. 5th edn., 2008) [wt. primary sources].
Hoak, D., The King’s Council in the Reign of Edward VI (1976).
Hoak, D., ‘The king’s privy chamber, 1547-53’, in D. Guth and J. McKenna, eds., Tudor Rule
and Revolution (1982).
Hoak, D., ‘Two revolutions in Tudor government: the formation and organization of Mary I’s
privy council’, in D. Starkey and C. Coleman, eds., Revolution Reassessed (1986).
Hunt, A., ‘The monarchical republic of Mary I’, Historical Journal, 52 (2009).
Hunt, A., and A. Whitelock, eds., Tudor Queenship (2010).
Ives, E.W., ‘Tudor dynastic problems revisited’, Historical Research, 81 (2008).
Jordan, C., ‘Woman’s rule in sixteenth-century British political thought’, Renaissance
Quarterly, 40 (1987).
Levine, M., Tudor Dynastic Problems, 1460-1571 (1973) [wt. primary sources].
Loach, J., Edward VI (1999).
Loach, J., and R. Tittler, eds., The Mid-Tudor Polity, c.1540-1560 (1980).
Loades, D., The Mid-Tudor Crisis, 1545-1565 (1992).
Loades, D., ‘Philip II and the government of England’, in C. Cross, D. Loades, and J.J.
Scarisbrick, eds., Law and Government under the Tudors (1988).
Loades, D.M, Two Tudor Conspiracies (1965; reprinted 1992) [Wyatt and Dudley].
MacCulloch, D., ‘Kett’s rebellion in context’, Past & Present, 84 (1979); reprinted in P. Slack
(ed.), Rebellion, Popular Protest and Social Order in Early Modern England (1984).
Murphy, J., ‘The illusion of decline: the privy chamber, 1547-1558’, in D. Starkey, ed., The
English Court (1987).
*Redworth, G., ‘“Matters impertinent to women”: male and female monarchy under Philip and
Mary’, English Historical Review, 112 (1997).
Richards, J.M., Mary Tudor (2008).
*Richards, J.M., ‘Mary Tudor as “sole quene”?’, Historical Journal, 40 (1997).
Ritchie, P., Mary of Guise in Scotland, 1548-1560 (2002).
Russell, E., ‘Mary Tudor and Mr. Jorkins’, Historical Research, 63 (1990).
Sanderson, M.H.B., Cardinal of Scotland: David Beaton, c.1494-1546 (1986).
Shagan, E.H., G.W. Bernard, and M.L. Bush, ‘Protector Somerset and the 1549 rebellions’,
English Historical Review, 114 (1999) and 115 (2000).
Tittler, R., and S. Battley, ‘The local community and the crown in 1553: the accession of Mary
Tudor revisited’, Historical Research, 57 (1984).
Whitelock, A., and D. MacCulloch, ‘Princess Mary’s household and the succession crisis’,
Historical Journal, 50 (2007).
12
5. Securing Regimes & Eliminating Rivals: Governance in the British Isles 1558-1587
Key debates
Stability
Court and factions
A monarchical republic?
Loyalty, rebellion, and resistance
Conquest
Questions for discussion
What were the political principles of Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots?
How did Elizabethan queenship differ from Tudor kingship?
In what sense, if any, were the three kingdoms of the British Isles ‘states’ in this period?
How helpful is the concept of monarchical republic to our understanding of the period?
What was the political significance of the issues surrounding succession to the crown?
How politically significant were the courts of Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots?
How useful is ‘faction’ as a means of understanding sixteenth-century court politics?
Why was Mary Queen of Scots so great a threat to England and why was she executed in
1587?
How was the Elizabethan conquest of Ireland achieved?
Key publications
Adams, S., ‘Favourites and Factions at the Elizabethan Court’, in R. Asch and A. Birke, eds,
Princes, Patronage and Nobility (1991)
*Adams, S., Leicester and the court: essays on Elizabethan politics (2002), esp. part I.
Alford, S., Burghley: William Cecil at the court of Elizabeth I (2008).
*Alford, S., The early Elizabethan polity (1998).
Brady, C, The Chief Governors: The Rise and Fall of Reform Government in Tudor Ireland
1536-1558 (1994)
Brady, C., and R. Gillespie, eds., Natives and newcomers (1986), esp. chs. by Cunningham,
Lennon, Ford, Gillespie.
*Brigden, S., New worlds, lost worlds: the rule of the Tudors, 1485-1603 (2000), chs. 7-9.
Canny, N., The Elizabethan conquest of Ireland (1976).
Canny, N., From Reformation to Restoration: Ireland, 1534-1660 (1987).
Collinson, P., Elizabeth I (2007); also published in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
(2004).
*Collinson, P., Elizabethan essays (1994), esp. chs. 1, 3
Collinson, P., ‘The Elizabethan exclusion crisis and the Elizabethan polity’, Proceedings of
the British Academy, 84 (1994)
Dawson, J.,The politics of religion in the age of Mary, Queen of Scots (2002)
Doran, S., Monarchy and matrimony: the courtships of Elizabeth I (1996)
Doran, S., and N. Jones, eds., The Elizabethan world (2011)
Doran, S., and G. Richardson, eds., Tudor England and its neighbours (2005), nos. 5–7
Ellis, S., Ireland in the age of the Tudors (1997).
Goodare, J., State and society in early modern Scotland (1999)
Graves, M.A.R., Elizabethan parliaments, 1559-1601, 2nd edn. (1996)
*Guy, J., The Tudor monarchy (1997), esp. essays by Guy, Collinson, Williams.
Guy, J., My heart is my own: The Life of Mary Queen of Scots (2004)
Haigh, C., Elizabeth I (2nd edn. 1998)
Hammer, P., The Polarisation of Elizabethan Politics (1999).
Hammer, P.E.J., Elizabeth’s wars (2003)
Haigh, C., Elizabeth I (1999), ch. 2.
Hartley, T.E., Elizabeth’s parliaments: queen, lords, and commons, 1559-1601 (1992)
Jones, N., 'Elizabeth's first year: the conception and birth of the Elizabethan political world',
in C. Haigh, ed., The reign of Elizabeth I (1984).
Lake, P., & S. Pincus, eds., The politics of the public sphere in early modern England (2007)
13
Levin, C., ‘The heart and stomach of a king’: Elizabeth I and the politics of sex and power
(1994)
Lynch, M, Mary Stewart: Queen in Three Kingdoms (1988)
McDiarmid, J. F. ed., The monarchical republic of early-modern England (2007).
Kesselring, K. J., The Northern Rebellion of 1569: faith, politics and protest in Elizabethan
England (2007).
McLaren, A., Political culture in the reign of Elizabeth I (1999).
Mears, N., Queenship and political discourse in the Elizabethan realms (2005)
Richards, J.M., Elizabeth I (2012)
Sharpe, K., Selling the Tudor monarchy (2009), pt. 7
Strong, R., The cult of Elizabeth (1977)
Walker, J.M., eds., Dissing Elizabeth: negative representations of Gloriana (1998)
Williams, P., The later Tudors (1995)
*Wormald, J., Court, kirk and community, 1470-1625 (1981).
*Wormald, J., Mary Queen of Scots: a study in failure (1987).
6. War and succession politics in the British Isles, 1585-1603
14
Key debates
The contested succession to the English throne in its international context
The reorientation of Tudor foreign policy
The extent of fiscal-military mobilisation
The ‘second reign’ of Elizabeth I against the majority of James VI
Political and cultural fatigue at the Tudor fin de siècle
Question for discussion
How far did James VI subordinate other considerations to his pursuit of the English throne?
Who wanted James VI to succeed Elizabeth I?
Did these years demonstrate the limits of militarisation?
What distinguished Elizabeth’s ‘second reign’ from her first?
Was the earl of Essex chiefly responsible for destabilising politics in the 1590s?
How do literature and art enhance our understanding of late sixteenth-century politics?
Why was English policy in sixteenth-century Ireland such a consistent failure?
Key publications
Brady, C., ‘From power to policy: the evolution of Tudor reforming strategies in sixteenthcentury Ireland’, in B. Mac Cuarta, ed., Reshaping Ireland, 1550-1700 (2011).
Brady, C., ‘Spenser’s Irish crisis: humanism and the experience of the 1590s’, Past and
Present, 111 (1986).
Canny, N., The Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland (1976).
Connolly, A.F., and L. Hopkins, eds., Essex: The Cultural Impact of an Elizabethan Courtier
(2013).
Croft, P., King James (2003), chs. 1-2.
Cruz, A.J., ed., Material and Symbolic Circulation between England and Spain, 1554-1604
(2008), esp. Pi Corrales and García García.
Dawson, J.E.A., ‘Anglo-Scottish political culture and the integration of sixteenth-century
Britain’, in S. Ellis and S. Barber, eds., Conquest and Union (1995).
Dean, D., Law-Making and Society in Late Elizabethan England: The Parliament of England,
1584-1601 (1996).
Dickinson, J., Court Politics and the Earl of Essex, 1589-1601 (2012).
Dickinson, J., and N. Younger, ‘Just how nasty were the 1590s?’, History Today, 64/7 (July
2014).
Doran, S., ‘James VI and the English succession’, in R. Houlbrooke, ed., James VI and I:
Ideas, Authority, and Government (2006).
Doran, S., and G. Richardson, eds., Tudor England and Its Neighbours (2005), Doran,
Hammer.
Doran, S., and N. Jones, eds., The Elizabethan World (2011), esp. Edwards, Hammer,
Jones.
*Doran, S., and P. Kewes, eds., Doubtful and Dangerous: The Question of Succession in
Late Elizabethan England (2014).
Ellis, S., Ireland in the Age of the Tudors (1997), ch. 12.
Gajda, A., The Earl of Essex and Late Elizabethan Political Culture (2012).
Gajda, A., ‘Political culture in the 1590s: the “second reign” of Elizabeth’, History Compass, 8
(2010).
Gajda, A., ‘The state of Christendom: history, political thought and the Essex circle’,
Historical Research, 81 (2008).
Goodare, J., and M. Lynch, eds., The Reign of James VI (2000), esp. intro., Goodare.
*Goodare, J. The Government of Scotland, 1560-1625 (Oxford, 2014), intro, chs 4, 6, 12, and
13 especially.
15
Goodare, J., and A.A. MacDonald, eds., Sixteenth-Century Scotland (2008), Grant,
Yellowlees, Goodare.
Goodare, J., State and society in early modern Scotland (1999)
*Guy, J., ed., The Reign of Elizabeth I: Court and Culture in the Last Decade (1995).
Hammer, P.E.J., Elizabeth’s Wars (2003).
Hammer, P.E.J., The Polarisation of Elizabethan Politics: The Political Career of Robert
Devereux, Second Earl of Essex, 1585-1597 (1999).
Hammer, P.E.J., ‘The smiling crocodile: the earl of Essex and late Elizabethan “popularity”’,
in P. Lake and S. Pincus, eds., The Politics of the Public Sphere in Early Modern
England (2007).
Holmes, P., ‘The authorship and early reception of A conference about the next succession
to the crown of England’, Historical Journal, 23 (1980).
Kanemura, R., ‘Kingship by descent or kingship by election? The contested title of James VI
and I’, Journal of British Studies, 52 (2013).
Kaufman, P.I., ed., Leadership and Elizabethan Culture (2013), esp. Dickinson, Younger.
Loomis, C., ‘‘Withered plants do bud and blossome yeelds’: naturalizing James I's
succession’, in R. Sturges, ed., Law and sovereignty in the Middle Ages and the
Renaissance (2011).
MacCaffrey, W., ‘The Armada in its context’, Historical Journal, 32 (1989).
MacCaffrey, W., Elizabeth I: War and Politics, 1588-1603 (1992).
MacDonald, A.R., ‘Consultation and consent under James VI’, Historical Journal, 54 (2011).
Maginn, C., William Cecil, Ireland, and the Tudor State (2012).
Mason, R.A., ‘Scotland, Elizabethan England and the idea of Britain’, Transactions of the
Royal Historical Society, 6th series, 14 (2004).
Mayer, J.-C., ed., The Struggle for the Succession in Late Elizabethan England (2004).
McGinnis, P.J., and A.H. Williamson, ‘Radical menace, reforming hope: Scotland and English
religious politics, 1586-1596’, Renaissance and Reformation, 36 (2013).
Morgan, H., ‘“Never any realm worse governed”: Queen Elizabeth and Ireland’, Transactions
of the Royal Historical Society, 6th series, 14 (2004).
Morgan, H., Tyrone’s Rebellion: The Outbreak of the Nine Years War in Tudor Ireland
(1993).
Nicholls, M., ‘Treason’s reward: the punishment of conspirators in the Bye Plot of 1603’,
Historical Journal, 38 (1995).
Nicholls, M., ‘Two Winchester trials: the prosecution of Henry, Lord Cobham, and Thomas,
Lord Grey of Wilton, 1603’, Historical Research, 68 (1995) [on Bye and Main Plots].
Rapple, R., Martial Power and Elizabethan Political Culture: Military Men in England and
Ireland, 1558-1594 (2008).
Richards, J.M., Elizabeth I (2012), chs. 7-9.
Richards, J.M., ‘The English accession of James VI’, English Historical Review, 117 (2002).
Shagan, E.H., ‘The English inquisition: constitutional conflict and ecclesiastical law in the
1590s’, Historical Journal, 47 (2004).
Sobecki, S., ‘John Peyton’s A Relation of the State of Polonia and the accession of King
James I of England, 1598-1603’, English Historical Review, 129 (2014).
Walker, J.M., ed., Dissing Elizabeth: Negative Representations of Gloriana (1998).
Walter, J., ‘A “rising of the people”? The Oxfordshire rising of 1596’, Past & Present, 107
(1985); reprinted in his Crowds and Popular Politics in Early Modern England (2006).
Williams, P., The Later Tudors (1995), chs. 8-9.
Younger, N., ‘If the Armada had landed: a reappraisal of England’s defences in 1588’,
History, 93 (2008).
Younger, N., ‘The practice and politics of troop-raising: Robert Devereux, second earl of
Essex, and the Elizabethan regime’, English Historical Review, 127 (2012).
Younger, N., ‘Securing the monarchical republic: the remaking of the lord lieutenancies in
1585’, Historical Research, 84 (2011).
Younger, N., War and Politics in the Elizabethan Counties (2012).
Younger, N., ‘William Lambarde and the politics of enforcement in Elizabethan England’,
Historical Research, 83 (2010).
7. Reformation and state religion, 1558-1603
16
Key debates
The Elizabethan settlement: England and Wales
Resistance to the Reformation in Ireland
The Scottish Reformation
The Catholic threat
Continental influences
Spiritual and temporal loyalties and treason
Puritan influence and non-conformity
Questions for discussion
Why, and with what consequences, was Elizabeth I’s government so reluctant to enforce the
Elizabethan settlement of religion?
Was outward religious conformity all that the late sixteenth-century church and state sought?
To what extent did political loyalty to the crown demand a commitment to the established
Church in England and Ireland by the late sixteenth century?
How was the Reformation enforced and received in the ‘dark corners of the land’?
How distinctive was the Reformation in Scotland and what roles were played in it by
evangelical preachers, aristocracy, and the populace?
Why did the Elizabethan Church persecute its opponents so vigorously?
‘Catholicism in late sixteenth-century Britain did not die, it merely adapted to difficult
circumstances.’ Discuss.
When and why did the Reformation in Ireland fail?
How influential was Europe in the British Reformations between 1558 and 1603?
Key publications: Elizabethan religion
Bossy, J., The English Catholic Community (1975)
Coffey, J., and P. Lim, eds., The Cambridge companion to Puritanism (2008).
Collinson, P., The birthpangs of Protestant England (1988).
*Collinson, P., The religion of Protestants, 1558-1625 (1983).
Collinson, P., Richard Bancroft and Elizabethan Anti-Puritanism (2013)
Collinson, P., and J. Craig, eds., The Reformation in English towns (1998).
Bossy, J., The English Catholic community (1975).
Fincham, K., and P. Lake, P., Religious politics in post-Reformation England (2006), esp.
chs. by MacCulloch and Lake.
Ha, P., English Presbyterianism, 1590-1640 (2011).
Haigh, C., English Reformations: religion, politics, and society under the Tudors (1993).
Haigh, C., ‘The Continuity of Catholicism in the English Reformation’, Past and Present, 93
(1981)
Haigh, C., ‘Success and failure in the English Reformation’, Past and Present 173 (2001).
Haigh, C., The plain man’s pathways to heaven (2007)
*Heal, F., Reformation in Britain and Ireland (2003),
Jones, N., Faith by statute: parliament and the settlement of religion in 1559 (1982).
Jones, N., The English Reformation: religion and cultural adaptation (2001).
Lake, P., Anglicans and Puritans? Presbyterianism and English conformist thought from
Whitgift to Hooker (1988).
*Lake, P., Moderate Puritans and the Elizabethan Church (1982), esp. chs
Lake, P. and Questier, M., Conformity and Orthodoxy in the English Church, c.1560-1660
(2000), esp. chs by Freeman and Walsham
*MacCulloch, D., The later Reformation in England, 1547-1603, 2nd edn (2011)
*MacCulloch, D., ‘Putting the English Reformation on the map’, Transactions of the Royal
Historical Society 15 (2005).
*Marshall, P., The impact of the English Reformation (1997).
* Marshall, P., Reformation England (2003)
Maltby, J., Prayer book and people in Elizabethan and early Stuart England (1998).
17
Questier, M., Conversion, Politics and Religion in England 1560-1625 (1996)
Ryrie, A., The age of Reformation: the Tudor and Stewart realms (2009).
Shagan, E. ed., Catholics and the Protestant nation (2005).
*Shagan, E., ‘The English Inquisition: Constitutional Conflict and Ecclesiastical Law in the
1590s’, Historical Journal, 47 (2004)
*Tutino, S., Law and Conscience: Catholicism in Early Modern England, 1570-1625 (2007)
Walsham, A., Church papists: Catholicism, conformity and confessional polemic in early
modern England (1993)
Walsham, A., ‘Translating Trent: English Catholicism and the Counter Reformation’,
Historical Research, 78 (2005)
Whiting, R., Local Responses to the English Reformation (1998)
Scotland
Cowan, I., and D. Shaw, eds., The Renaissance and Reformation in Scotland (1983).
*Dawson, J., Scotland re-formed, 1488-1587 (2007).
Dawson, J.,The politics of religion in the age of Mary, Queen of Scots (2002)
Dawson, J, John Knox (2014)
Donaldson, G., The Scottish Reformation (1960)
Kirk, J., Patterns of Reform: Continuity and Change in the Reformation Kirk (1989)
Lynch, M., Edinburgh and the Reformation (1981)
MacDonald, A., Jacobean kirk, 1567-1625 (1998).
Mason, R., ed., John Knox and the British Reformations (1998).
McCallum, J. Reforming the Scottish parish : the Reformation in Fife, 1560-1640 (2010)
McRoberts, D., ed., Essays on the Scottish Reformation (1962).
*Ryrie, A., The Origins of the Scottish Reformation (2006)
Todd, M., The culture of Protestantism in early modern Scotland (2002).
*Wormald, J., Court, Kirk and Community, 1470-1625 (1981)
Cowan, I.B., The Scottish Reformation (1982)
Wales
Olson, K.K., ‘Was the Reformation welcomed in Wales?’, in H.V. Bowen, ed., A New History
of Wales (2011).
Williams, G., Wales and the Reformation (1997).
Ireland
Bottigheimer, K., ‘Why the Reformation in Ireland failed: une question bien posée’, Journal of
Ecclesiastical History 36 (1985)
Canny, N., ‘Why the Reformation failed in Ireland: une question mal posée’, Journal of
Ecclesiastical History 30 (1979).
Ellis, S., ‘Economic Problems of the Church: Why the Reformation Failed in Ireland’, Journal
of Ecclesiastical History, 41 (1990)
*Jefferies, H.A., The Irish Church and the Tudor Reformations (2010)
Meigs, S., The Reformation in Ireland: Tradition and Confessionalism 1400-1690 (1997)
Murray, J., Enforcing the English Reformation in Ireland: Clerical Resistance and Political
Conflict in the Diocese of Dublin, 1534-1590 (2009)
Scott, B., Religion and Reformation in the Tudor Diocese of Meath (2006).
The British Reformations
Heal, F., ‘Mediating the word: language and dialect in the British and Irish Reformations’,
Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 56 (2005).
*Heal, F., Reformation in Britain and Ireland (2003)
Ó Hannracháin, T., and R. Armstrong, eds., Christianities in the Early Modern Celtic World
(2014)
8. Politics and government, 1603-1640
18
Key debates
‘Britain’
Multiple kingdoms
The road to civil war
Court faction and ‘favourites’
Foreign policy; war and its cost
The nature of parliaments
Questions for discussion
How did the ‘British question’ affect James I’s domestic policies?
What was the effect of the ‘Spanish Match’ on early Stuart government and politics?
Is ‘faction’ a useful way of understanding early Stuart court politics?
To what extent was Charles I’s absolutism drawn from continental models?
To what extent were Charles I’s religious policies responsible for the Wars of the Three
Kingdoms?
Key publications
Bellany, A., 'The murder of John Lambe: crowd violence, court scandal and popular politics
in early seventeenth-century England', Past and Present 200 (2008)
Bellany, A., '"Rayling rymes and vaunting verse": libellous politics in early Stuart England,
1603-1628' in Sharpe, K. and P. Lake (eds.), Culture and politics in early Stuart
England (1994)
Burgess, G., 'On revisionism: an analysis of early Stuart Historiography in the 1970s and
1980s', Historical Journal 33: 3 (1990)
Christianson, P., 'Politics, patronage and conceptions of governance: the duke of
Buckingham and his supporters in the Parliament of 1628', Huntington Library
Quarterly 60 (1998)
Cogswell, Thomas, 'John Felton, popular political culture, and the assassination of the duke
of Buckingham', Historical Journal 49: 2 (2006)
Cogswell, Thomas, 'England and the Spanish Match', in Cust, R., and A. Hughes eds.),
Conflict in early Stuart England (1989)
Cogswell, 'The people's love: the duke of Buckingham and popularity' in T. Cogswell, R. Cust
and P. Lake (eds.), Politics and popularity in early Stuart Britain (2002)
Cramsie, J., 'The philosophy of Imperial Kingship and the interpretation of James VI and I' in
R. Houlbrooke (ed.), James VI and I: ideas, authority and government (2007)
Cressy, D., Charles I and the people of England (2015)
Croft, P., King James (2003).
Cromartie, A., 'The constitutionalist revolution: the transformation of political culture in early
Stuart England', Past and Present 163 (1999)
Cust, R., 'Politics and the electorate in the 1620s' in Cust, R. and A. Hughes (eds), Conflict in
early Stuart England (1989)
Cust, R., 'Anti-puritanism and urban politics: Charles I and Great Yarmouth', Historical
Journal 35: 1 (1992)
Cust, R., Charles I: a political life (2005).
Cust, R., Charles I and the aristocracy 1625-1642 (2013)
Doran, S., 'James VI and the English succession'. in R. Houlbrooke (ed.), James VI and I:
ideas, authority and government (2007)
Elton, G. R., ‘A high road to civil war?’, in C. H. Carter, ed., From the Renaissance to the
Counter-Reformation (1965).
Houlbrooke, R., ed., James VI and I: ideas, authority and government (2007)
Hughes, A., The causes of the English Civil War (1998 edn).
Kishlansky, ‘Charles I: a case of mistaken identity’, Past and Present 189 (2005); see also
ensuing debate in Past and Present 205 (2009)
19
Lake, P., 'Anti-popery: the structure of a prejudice' in Cust, R., and A. Hughes, eds., Conflict
in early Stuart England (1989)
Lockyer, R., Buckingham (1981).
Milton, A., 'Thomas Wentworth and the political thought of the personal rule' in Merritt, J., ed.,
The political world of Thomas Wentworth, earl of Strafford, 1621-1641 (1996)
Milton, A., 'The creation of Laudianism: a new approach' in T. Cogswell, R. Cust and P. Lake
(eds.), Politics and popularity in early Stuart Britain (2002)
Peck, L., The mental world of the Jacobean court (1991).
Questier, M., Stuart dynastic policy and religious politics, 1621-1625 (2009).
Questier, M., ‘Loyalty, religion and state power in early modern England: English Romanism
and the Jacobean oath of allegiance’, Historical Journal 40 (1997).
Russell, C., Parliaments and English politics, 1621-1629 (1979).
Russell, C., ‘Parliamentary History in Perspective, 1604-1629’, History, 61 (1976)
Salt, P., 'Sir Simonds d'Ewes and the levying of Ship Money, 1635-40', Historical Journal 37:
2 (1994)
Sharpe, K., The personal rule of Charles I (1992).
Smith, D., The Stuart parliaments, 1603-1689 (1999).
Sommerville, J., Royalists and patriots: politics and ideology in England, 1603-1640 (1999).
Thompson, C., 'Court politics and parliamentary conflict in 1625', in R. Cust and A. Hughes
(eds.), Conflict in early Stuart England (1989)
Van Duinen, J., 'An engine which the world sees nothing of': revealing dissent under Charles
I's ‘Personal Rule', Parergon 28 (2011).
Wormald, J., ‘James VI and I: two kings or one?’, History 68 (1983).
Young, M., Charles I (1997).
Ireland, c. 1600-1640
Bottigheimer, K., ‘Why the Reformation in Ireland failed: une question bien posée’, Journal of
Ecclesiastical History 36 (1985); see also N. Canny, ‘Why the Reformation failed in
Ireland: une question mal posée’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History 30 (1979).
*Bradshaw, B., ‘Sword, word and strategy in the Reformation in Ireland’, Historical Journal 21
(1978).
Bradshaw, B., A. Hadfield, and W. Maley, eds., Representing Ireland: literature and the
origins of conflict, 1534-1660 (1997).
Brady, C., and R. Gillespie, eds., Natives and newcomers (1986), esp. chs. by Cunningham,
Lennon, Ford, Gillespie.
*Canny, N., From Reformation to Restoration: Ireland, 1534-1660 (1987).
*Canny, N., Making Ireland British (2001), esp. chs. 3-5 and 8.
Clarke, A., The Old English in Ireland, 1625-1642 (1966).
*Edwards, D., P. Lenihan, and C. Tait, eds., Age of atrocity: violence and political conflict in
early modern Ireland (2007), esp. Intro., and ch. by Edwards.
Hunter, R. J., Ulster transformed: essays on plantation and print culture, c.1590-1641 (2012).
Jackson, A., The Oxford Handbook of Modern Irish History (2014)
Morgan, H., Tyrone’s rebellion: the outbreak of the Nine Years War in Tudor Ireland (1993).
Moody, T., F. Martin, and F. Byrne, A new history of Ireland: vol. 3, 1534-1691 (1991).
Ohlmeyer, J., ed., Political thought in seventeenth-century Ireland (2000), esp. Intro., and
chs. by Casway, Cunningham, Ó hAnnracháin.
Early Modern Scotland c. 1600-40
Brown, K.M., Noble Power (Edinburgh, 2011), esp. Introduction and chs 1 & 8
Brown, K.M. & A. J. Mann, History of the Scottish Parliament II (Edinburgh, 2005)
Cowan, I.B., The Scottish Reformation (1982)
Cowan, I., and D. Shaw, eds., The Renaissance and Reformation in Scotland (1983).
Donaldson, G., The Scottish Reformation (1960)
Goodare, J., and M. Lynch, eds., The reign of James VI (2000).
20
*Goodare, J. The Government of Scotland, 1560-1625 (Oxford, 2004), intro, chs 4, 6, 12, and
13 especially.
Goodare, J., 'The admission of lairds to the Scottish Parliament' English Historical Review
116: 5 (2001)
Goodare, J., 'The nobility and the absolutist state in Scotland, 1584-1638', History 78 (1993)
Goodare, J., State and society in early modern Scotland (1999)
Goodare, J., 'Parliament and politics' in Brown, K., and A. R. MacDonald (eds.), Parliament in
context, 1235-1707 (2010)
Harris, B., MacDonald, A. R., (eds.), Scotland: the making and unmaking of the nation c.
1100-1707 vol. II (2006) - chapters by Wormald, Stevenson, Todd and Murdoch.
Lee, M., Government by pen: Scotland under James VI and I (1980).
Lynch, M., Edinburgh and the Reformation (1981)
MacDonald, A., R., Jacobean kirk, 1567-1625 (1998).
MacDonald, A. R., ‘Consultation and consent under James VI’, Historical Journal (2011).
MacDonald, A. R., 'James VI and I, the Church of Scotland, and British ecclesiastical
convergence', Historical Journal 48: 4 (2005)
Mason, R., Kingship and the commonweal: political thought in Renaissance and Reformation
Scotland (1998).
Mason, R. and MacDougall, N. (eds.), People and power in Scotland (1992) - ch. by
Stevenson.
McCallum, J. Reforming the Scottish parish: the Reformation in Fife, 1560-1640 (2010)
McRoberts, D., ed., Essays on the Scottish Reformation (1962).
Mitchison, R., Lordship to patronage: Scotland, 1603-1745 (1983).
Scottish Historical Review special number (2013), esp. essays by Mason, Brown and
Stewart.
*Stevenson, D., The Scottish Revolution, 1637-1644 (1973).
Stevenson, D., 'The King's Scottish revenues and the Covenanters, 1625-1651', Historical
Journal 17 (1974)
Stewart, L., Urban politics and the British civil wars: Edinburgh, 1617-53 (2006)
Stewart, L., 'The political repercussions of the Five Articles of Perth: a reassessment of
James VI and I', Sixteenth Century Journal I38: 4 (2008)
Stewart, L., '"Brothers in Treuth": Propaganda, public opinion and the Perth Articles Debate
in Scotland' in Houlbrooke, R. (ed.), James VI and I: ideas, authority and government
(2006)
Todd, M., The culture of Protestantism in early modern Scotland (2002).
*Wormald, J., Court, kirk and community, 1470-1625 (1981).
Wormald, J., (ed.), Scotland revisited (1991) - ch. by Stevenson
9. Religion and the Church, 1603-1640
21
Key debates
Laudianism
Puritanism
Anti-popery and foreign relations
Questions for discussion
To what extent was Laudianism a popular policy?
To what extent did Charles I’s religious policies lead to the civil wars of 1637-1660?
Can James VI and I’s religious policies be considered a success, and why?
To what extent did religion influence the early Stuarts’ foreign policies?
Key publications
Atherton, I., ‘Cathedrals, Laudianism and the British Churches’, Historical Journal, 53 (2010),
895-918.
I. Atherton and D. Como, 'The Burning of Edward Wightman : Puritanism, Prelacy and the
Politics of Heresy in Early Modern England', English Historical Review, 120 (2005)
Bottigheimer, K., ‘Why the Reformation in Ireland failed: une question bien posée’, Journal of
Ecclesiastical History 36 (1985); see also N. Canny, ‘Why the Reformation failed in
Ireland: une question mal posée’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History 30 (1979).
*Campbell, I., ‘Calvinist Absolutism: Archbishop James Ussher and Royal Power’, Journal of
British Studies, 53 (2014), 588-610.
*Coffey, J., and P. Lim, eds., The Cambridge companion to Puritanism (2008), esp. chs. by
Collinson, Webster, Craig, Morrill, Walsham.
Como, David R., ‘Predestination and political conflict in Laud’s London’, Historical Journal, 46
(2003), 263-94.
Cust, R. and A. Hughes, eds., Conflict in early Stuart England (1989), esp. chs. by Foster,
Lake.
*Cust, R., T. Cogswell and P. Lake, eds., Politics, popularity, and religion in early Stuart
Britain (2002), esp. Intro, and ch. by Milton.
Doran, S., ‘Revenge her foul and most unnatural murder? : the impact of Mary Stewart's
execution on Anglo-Scottish relations’, History, 85:280 (2000).
*Fincham, K., and P. Lake, ‘The ecclesiastical policy of King James I’, Journal of British
Studies 24 (1985).
Fincham, K., and N. Tyacke, Altars restored: the changing face of English religious worship,
1547-1700 (2007), esp. chs. 4 and 5.
*Fincham, K., ed., The early Stuart Church, 1603-1642 (1993), esp. chs. by Fincham, Lake,
Maltby, Milton, Tyacke.
Gillespie, R., ‘The Church of Ireland clergy, c. 1640’, in T. Barnard and W.G. Neely, eds.,
The Clergy of the Church of Ireland (2006), 59-77.
Ha, P., English Presbyterianism 1590-1640 (2010)
Hibbard, C., 'Early Stuart Catholicism: Revisions and Re-Revisions', Journal of Modern
History, 52 (1980)
Hughes, Ann, ‘A moderate Puritan preacher negotiates religious change’, Journal of
Ecclesiastical History, 65 (2014), 761-79.
Hunt, A., The Art of Hearing: English Preachers and their Audiences (2010).
Hunt, A. ‘Licensing and religious censorship in early modern England’, in A. Hadfield, ed.,
Literature and Censorship in Renaissance England (2001), 127-46.
Kishlansky, M., ‘A whipper whipped: the sedition of William Prynne’, Historical Journal, 56
(2013), 603-27.
Lake, P., and M. Questier, eds., Conformity and orthodoxy in the English church, c.15601660 (2000), esp. chs. by Como, Fincham, and Tyacke.
*MacDonald, A., The Jacobean kirk, 1567-1625 (1998).
22
Maltby, J., Prayer Book and people in Elizabethan and early Stuart England (1998).
McCullough, P., H. Adlington, E. Rhatigan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of the Early Modern
Sermon (2011), esp. chs. by Green, Gribben, Gillespie, Roberts, Webster.
Milton, A., Catholic and Reformed: Roman and Protestant Churches in English Protestant
thought, 1600-1640 (1995).
*Milton, A., ed., The British Delegation and the Synod of Dort (2005)
Milton, A., Laudian and royalist polemic in seventeenth-century England (2007).
*Milton, A., ‘The Church of England and the Palatinate, 1566-1642’, Proceedings of the
British Academy, 164 (2010), 137-66.
*Morrill, J., ‘The religious context of the English Civil War’, Transactions of the Royal
Historical Society 34 (1984).
Morrissey, M., Politics and the Paul’s Cross Sermons (2011)
Mortimer, Sarah, ‘Kingship and the “Apostolic Church”, 1620-1650’, Reformation and
Renaissance Review, 13 (2011), 225-46.
Mullan, D., Scottish Puritanism 1590-1638 (2000)
Patterson, W. B., King James VI & I and the reunion of Christendom (2000).
Prior, C.W.A. and G. Burgess, eds., England’s Wars of Religion, Revisited (2011), esp. chs.
by Braddick, Cromartie, and Coffey.
Questier, M., 'Arminianism, Catholicism, and Puritanism in England during the 1630s',
Historical Journal 49 (2006).
*Questier, M., ‘Catholic loyalism in early Stuart England’, English Historical Review, 123
(2008), 1132-65.
Questier, M., ‘Loyalty, Religion and State Power in Early Modern England: English
Romanism and the Oath of Allegiance’, Historical Journal, 40 (1997)
Questier, M., Catholicism and Community in early modern England: politics, aristocratic
patronage and religion, c. 1550-1640 (2006)
Ryrie, A., The age of Reformation: the Tudor and Stewart realms (2009).
*Stevenson, D., The Scottish Revolution, 1637-1644 (1973)
Stewart, L.A.M., ‘Power and faith in Early Modern Scotland’, Scottish Historical Review, 92
(2013), 25-37.
Todd, M., The culture of Protestantism in early modern Scotland (2002).
Tyacke, N., ‘Puritanism, Arminianism and counter-revolution’, in C. Russell, ed., The origins
of the English Civil War (1973).
Tyacke, N., Anti-Calvinists (1990 edn).
*Walsham, A., 'The parochial roots of Laudianism revisited: Catholics, anti-Calvinists and
“parish Anglicans” in early Stuart England', Journal of Ecclesiastical History 49
(1998).
*Walter, J., ‘“Affronts & Insolencies”: The voices of Radwinter and popular opposition to
Laudianism’, English Historical Review, 122 (2007), 35-60.
Walter, J., ‘Popular iconoclasm and the politics of the parish’, Historical Journal, 47 (2004),
261-90.
Walsham, A., '"The Fatall Vesper": Providentialism and Anti-Popery in Late Jacobean
London', Past and Present (1994)
Webster, T., Godly Clergy in Early Stuart England: The Caroline Puritan Movement, c. 16201643 (1997).
10. The Civil Wars, regicide, and the radicals, 1637-1649
23
Key debates
Royalism and parliamentarianism
Religious debate: episcopacy, Presbyterianism, and the rise of the sects
The Three Kingdoms
The New Model Army
Regicide
Questions for discussion
To what extent were the Wars of the Three Kingdoms fought over religion?
What were the effects of the wars in Scotland and Ireland on England?
‘The Civil Wars of the 1640s were wars between and within three kingdoms.’ Discuss.
What role did the ‘British Problem’ play in Scotland’s civil wars, 1637-1651?
Account for the military and political success of the New Model Army.
Why was Charles I executed?
Key publications
Adamson, John (ed.), The English Civil War (2009)
Adamson, John, The Noble Revolt: The Overthrow of Charles I (2007)
Ashton, Robert, Counter-Revolution: The Second Civil War and its Origins, 1646-1648
(1994)
*Braddick, Michael J., God’s Fury, England’s Fire: A New History of the English Civil Wars
(2008)
Braddick, Michael J., and Smith, David L. (eds.), The Experience of Revolution in Stuart
Britain and Ireland: Essays for John Morrill (2011)
*Braddick, Michael J. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution (2015)
*Canny, N., Making Ireland British (2001), esp. chs. 3-5 and 8.
Cust, Richard, Charles I: A Political Life (2005)
Cust, Richard, Charles I and the Aristocracy, 1625-1642 (2013)
Dow, F.D., Radicalism in the English Revolution, 1640-60 (1985)
Fincham, Kenneth, and Tyacke, Nicholas, Altars Restored: The Changing Face of English
Religious Worship, 1547-c. 1700 (2007)
Fincham, Kenneth, and Lake, Peter (eds.), Religious Politics in Post-Reformation England
(2006)
Fletcher, Anthony, The Outbreak of the English Civil War (1981)
*Gentles, Ian, The English Revolution and the Wars in the Three Kingdoms, 1638-1652
(2007)
*Harris, Tim, Rebellion: Britain’s First Stuart Kings, 1567-1642 (2013)
*Holmes, Clive, Why was Charles I executed? (2006)
Kishlansky, Mark, Charles I: An Abbreviated Life (2014)
Kishlansky, Mark A., ‘Charles I: a case of mistaken identity’, in Past and Present 189
(November 2005), and the debate in Past and Present 205 (November 2009)
McElligott, Jason, and Smith, David L. (eds.), Royalists and Royalism during the English Civil
Wars (2007)
*Morrill, John, The Nature of the English Revolution (1993), esp. ‘The Religious Context of
the English Civil War’ (also in TRHS, 5th ser., 34 (1984))
Morrill, John, Revolt in the Provinces: The People of England and the Tragedies of War,
1630-1648 (1999)
Morrill, John (ed.), The Scottish National Covenant in its British Context (1990)
Morrill, John, and Underdown, David, ‘The ecology of allegiance in the English Revolution’,
Journal of British Studies 26 (1987)
Ohlmeyer, Jane, Making Ireland English: The Irish Aristocracy in the Seventeenth Century
(2012)
24
Ohlmeyer, Jane (ed.), Ireland from Independence to Occupation, 1641-1660 (1995)
Ohlmeyer, Jane, and Ó Siochrú, Micheal (eds.), 1641: Ireland in Context (2013)
*Peacey, Jason, Print and Public Politics in the English Revolution (2013)
*Peacey, Jason (ed.), The Regicides and the Execution of Charles I (2001)
Prior, Charles W.A., and Burgess, Glenn (eds.), England’s Wars of Religion, Revisited (2011)
Russell, Conrad, The Fall of the British Monarchies, 1637-1642 (1991)
Scott, David, Politics and War in the three Stuart Kingdoms, 1637-49 (2004)
Scott, Jonathan, Commonwealth Principles: Republican Writing of the English Revolution
(2004)
Scott Wheeler, James, The British and Irish Wars, 1637-1654: Triumph, Tragedy, and Failure
(2002)
Sharpe, Kevin, Image Wars: Kings and Commonwealths in England, 1603-1660 (2010)
Smith, David L., The Stuart Parliaments, 1603-1689 (1999)
Spurr, John, English Puritanism, 1603-1689 (1998)
Stevenson, David, The Scottish Revolution, 1637-1644 (1973)
Stevenson, David, Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Scotland, 1644-1651 (1977)
Stoyle, M., Soldiers and Strangers: An Ethnic History of the English Civil War (2005)
Taylor, Stephen, and Tapsell, Grant (eds.), The Nature of the English Revolution Revisited:
Essays in Honour of John Morrill (2013)
Underdown, David, Pride’s Purge: Politics in the Puritan Revolution (1971)
Underdown, David, Revel, Riot and Rebellion: Popular Politics and Culture in England, 16031660 (1985)
*Woolrych, Austin, Britain in Revolution, 1625-1660 (2002)
*Worden, Blair, The English Civil Wars, 1640-1660 (2009)
11. The Interregnum, Oliver Cromwell, and the republicans, 1649-1660
25
Key debates
War in Scotland and Ireland
Parliament(s)
Republicanism
Religious policy
Foreign policy
Cromwell’s character and aims
Questions for discussion
Why was monarchy abolished in 1649?
How successful were Oliver Cromwell’s attempts at ‘healing and settling’ during the
Interregnum?
How republican were the 1650s?
What was legacy of the Interregnum in the Three Kingdoms?
Did the religious radicals have any permanent achievements?
Key publications
Barnard, Toby, Cromwellian Ireland (1975)
Braddick, Michael J., and Smith, David L. (eds.), The Experience of Revolution in Stuart
Britain and Ireland: Essays for John Morrill (2011)
*Braddick, Michael J. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution (2015)
Capp, Bernard, England’s Culture Wars: Puritan Reformation and its Enemies in the
Interregnum, 1649-1660 (2012)
Coward, Barry, Oliver Cromwell (1991)
Coward, Barry, The Cromwellian Protectorate (2002)
Davis, J.C., Oliver Cromwell (2001)
Dow, Frances, Cromwellian Scotland, 1651-1660 (1979)
Dow, F.D., Radicalism in the English Revolution, 1640-60 (1985)
Durston, Christopher, and Maltby, Judith (eds.), Religion in Revolutionary England (2006)
Fincham, Kenneth, and Tyacke, Nicholas, Altars Restored: The Changing Face of English
Religious Worship, 1547-c. 1700 (2007)
Gaunt, Peter, Oliver Cromwell (1996)
*Gentles, Ian, Oliver Cromwell: God’s Warrior and the English Revolution (2011)
Gentles, Ian, The English Revolution and the Wars in the Three Kingdoms, 1638-1652
(2007)
Hirst, Derek, ‘The English Republic and the meaning of Britain’, Journal of Modern History 66
(1994)
*Holmes, Clive, Why was Charles I executed? (2006)
Hutton, Ronald, The British Republic, 164901660 (1990)
Kelsey, Sean, Inventing a republic: the political culture of the English Commonwealth, 16491653 (1997)
Knoppers, Laura Lunger, Constructing Cromwell: Ceremony, Portrait, and Print, 1645-1661
(2000)
Little, Patrick (ed.), The Cromwellian Protectorate (2007)
Little, Patrick (ed.), Oliver Cromwell: New Perspectives (2009)
Little, Patrick, and Smith, David L., Parliaments and Politics during the Cromwellian
Protectorate (2007)
McElligott, Jason, and Smith, David L. (eds.), Royalists and Royalism during the Interregnum
(2010)
Mills, Jane A. (ed.), Cromwell’s Legacy (2012)
Morrill, John, The Nature of the English Revolution (1993)
*Morrill, John, Oliver Cromwell (2007)
*Morrill, John (ed.), Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution (1990)
26
Ohlmeyer, Jane, Making Ireland English: The Irish Aristocracy in the Seventeenth Century
(2012)
Ohlmeyer, Jane (ed.), Ireland from Independence to Occupation, 1641-1660 (1995)
Ó Siochrú, Micheal, God’s Executioner: Oliver Cromwell and the Conquest of Ireland (2008)
*Peacey, Jason, Print and Public Politics in the English Revolution (2013)
Reece, Henry, The Army in Cromwellian England, 1649-1660 (2013)
Scott, Jonathan, Commonwealth Principles: Republican Writing of the English Revolution
(2004)
Scott Wheeler, James, The British and Irish Wars, 1637-1654: Triumph, Tragedy, and Failure
(2002)
*Smith, David L. (ed.), Cromwell and the Interregnum (2003)
Smith, David L., Oliver Cromwell: Politics and Religion in the English Revolution, 1640-1658
(1991)
Smith, David L., The Stuart Parliaments, 1603-1689 (1999)
Sharpe, Kevin, Image Wars: Kings and Commonwealths in England, 1603-1660 (2010)
Spurlock, R. Scott, Cromwell and Scotland: Conquest and Religion,1650-1660 (2007)
Spurr, John, English Puritanism, 1603-1689 (1998)
Taylor, Stephen, and Tapsell, Grant (eds.), The Nature of the English Revolution Revisited:
Essays in Honour of John Morrill (2013)
Underdown, David, Revel, Riot and Rebellion: Popular Politics and Culture in England, 16031660 (1985)
*Woolrych, Austin, Britain in Revolution, 1625-1660 (2002)
Woolrych, Austin, Commonwealth to Protectorate (1982)
*Worden, Blair, The English Civil Wars, 1640-1660 (2009)
Worden, Blair, The Rump Parliament, 1648-1653 (1974)
*Worden, Blair, God’s Instruments: Political Conduct in the England of Oliver Cromwell
(2012)
12. Politics in the reign of Charles II, 1660-1685
27
Key debates
What was restored?
Succession and exclusion
The rise of party politics
Anti-popery
Parliaments and the cost of government
Questions for discussion
To what extent was the Exclusion Crisis characteristic of Charles II’s reign?
Why did political parties emerge for the first time in the reign of Charles II?
What was the political significance of parliament between 1660 and 1685?
How far did the Restoration settlement of 1660-2 seek to conciliate the Crown’s enemies
rather than reward its friends?
Why was Charles II able to defeat Exclusion?
‘The natural authoritarianism of the later Stuarts is most clearly seen in their government of
… Ireland.’ Discuss.
Key publications
Connolly, S., Religion, law and power: the making of Protestant Ireland, 1660-1760 (1995).
De Krey, G. S., Restoration and Revolution in Britain: a political history of the era of Charles
II and the Glorious Revolutions (2007).
De Krey, G. S., London and the Restoration, 1659-1683 (2005).
De Krey, G. S., ‘Between revolutions: re-appraising the Restoration in Britain’, History
Compass 6 (2008).
Glassey, L., ed., The reign of Charles II and James VII & II (1997).
Goldie, M., The entring book of Roger Morrice, 1677-1691, vol. 1: Roger Morrice and the
Puritan Whigs (2007), chs 1, 4, and 5.
Goldie, M., Roger Morrice and the Puritan Whigs (2007; pb 2016), esp. Intro; chs. 1, 4, 5.
Harris, T., Politics under the later Stuarts, 1660-1715 (1993).
*Harris, T., Restoration: Charles II and his Kingdoms, 1660-1685 (2006).
*Harris, T., P. Seaward, and M. Goldie, eds., The politics of religion in Restoration England
(1990).
Houston, A., and S. Pincus, eds., A nation transformed: England after the Restoration
(2001).
*Jackson, C., Restoration Scotland, 1660-1689: royalist politics, religion and ideas (2003).
Keeble, N., The Restoration: England in the 1660s (2002).
Knights, M., Politics and Opinion in Crisis 1678-1681 (1994)
McElligott. K., ed., Fear, Exclusion and revolution: Roger Morrice and Britain in the 1680s
(2006).
Miller, J., ‘The Potential for Absolutism in Later Stuart England’, History, 69 (1984)
Miller, J., After the civil wars: English politics and government in the reign of Charles II
(2000).
Mitchison, R., Lordship to patronage: Scotland, 1603-1745 (1983).
Raymond, J., Pamphlets and pamphleteering in early modern England (2003), ch. 8.
Rose, J., Godly kingship in Restoration England: the politics of the Royal Supremacy, 16601688 (2010).
Scott, J., Algernon Sidney and the Restoration crisis, 1677-1683 (1991).
Scott, J., England’s troubles: seventeenth-century English political stability in European
context (2000).
*Scott, J., 'England's Troubles: Exhuming the Popish Plot', in T. Harris et al (eds), The
Politics of Religion in Restoration England (1990)
*Southcombe, G., and G. Tapsell, Restoration politics, religion, and culture: Britain and
Ireland, 1660-1714 (2010).
Spurr, J., England in the 1670s: ‘this masquerading age’ (2000).
*Spurr, J., The post-Reformation: religion, society, politics and Britain, 1603–1714 (2006).
Tapsell, G., The personal rule of Charles II, 1681-1685 (2007).
28
13. James VII and II and the Revolution, 1685-1690
29
Key debates
Popery and arbitrary government
Religious toleration / Catholic restoration
Allegiance and revolution
Anglo-European relations
Dutch invasion, English coup, popular rising?
Questions for discussion
Was James VII and II a tyrant?
Why was James VII and II so popular in 1685 but so unpopular by 1688?
‘Glorious Revolution’ or ‘Dutch invasion’?
Was there an ‘Anglican Revolution’ in 1688?
In what ways were the events of 1688-89 ‘revolutionary’?
Key publications
Beddard, R., ed., The Revolutions of 1688 (1991), esp. chs. by Beddard, Goldie.
Claydon, T., William III and the Godly revolution (1996).
*Claydon, T., 'William III's Declaration of Reasons and the Glorious Revolution', Historical
Journal 39 (1996).
De Krey, G., Restoration and Revolution in Britain: a Political History of the Era of Charles II
and the Glorious Revolutions (2007).
Goldie, M., ‘John Locke’s Circle and James II’, Historical Journal, 34 (1992)
Goldie, M., 'James II and the Dissenters' revenge', Historical Research 66 (1993).
Harris, T., ‘James II, the Glorious Revolution, and the destiny of Britain’, Historical Journal 51
(2008).
Harris, T., Politics under the Later Stuarts (1993)
Harris, T., Revolution: the great crisis of the British monarchy, 1685-1720 (2006).
Houston, A. and S. Pincus, eds., A nation transformed: England after the Restoration (2001),
esp. chs. by Worden, Knights.
*Israel, J., ed., The Anglo-Dutch moment: essays on the Glorious Revolution and its world
impact (1991).
*Jones, J. R. ed., Liberty secured? Britain before and after 1688 (1992).
McElligott, J., ed., Fear, Exclusion and revolution: Roger Morrice and Britain in the 1680s
(2006).
Miller J., The Glorious Revolution (1983, 1997).
*Miller, J., James II (1989).
*Pincus, S., 1688: the first modern revolution (2009).
Rose, J., Godly kingship in Restoration England: the politics of the Royal Supremacy, 16601688 (2010).
Sowerby, S., Making toleration: the repealers and the Glorious Revolution (2013).
Schwoerer, L. G., The Declaration of Rights (1981)
*Schwoerer L. G. ed., The Revolution of 1688-1689: changing perspectives (1992).
Sowerby, S, ‘Pantomime History’, Parliamentary History, 30 (2011) [review of Pincus, 1688]
Speck, W. A., James II (2002).
*Speck, W. A., Reluctant revolutionaries: Englishmen and the Revolution of 1688 (1988).
Spurr, J., The post-Reformation: religion, politics and society in Britain, 1603-1714 (2006).
14. Parliament, parties, and political culture, 1689-1714
30
Key debates
Glorious Revolution?
Elections and electioneering
Whig and Tory
Jacobitism
Court culture
War, finance and the state
Constitutional impact of the Revolution
Questions for discussion
What effect, if any, did William III’s continental experience have on his rule in England?
How did the relationship between monarchy and parliament change after 1688?
What was the impact of near-constant war on politics between 1688 and 1714?
Why did the Tories cease to be the natural party of government and the Whigs become the
natural party of government after 1688?
For what reasons did Parliament after 1689 become ‘an institution rather than an event’?
Why was party conflict so intense in the period 1689 to 1714?
Key publications
Brewer, J., The sinews of power: war and the English state, 1688-1783 (1989).
Claydon, T., William III (2002).
Claydon, T., William III and the Godly Revolution (1996).
Goldie, M., ‘The roots of true Whiggism, 1688-1694’, History of Political Thought 1 (1980).
*Harris, T., Politics under the later Stuarts, 1660-1715 (1993).
Hayton, D, ‘Moral Reform and Country Politics in the Late Seventeenth Century House of
Commons’, Past and Present, 128 (1990)
Holmes, G., ed., Britain after the Glorious Revolution, 1689-1714 (1969).
*Holmes, G., The making of a great power: late Stuart and early Georgian Britain, 1660-1722
(1993).
*Holmes, G., British politics in the age of Anne (1987 edn).
*Hoppit, J., A land of liberty? England 1689-1727 (2000).
Jackson, C., ‘Union Historiographies’, in The Oxford handbook of modern Scottish history,
ed. T.M. Devine and Jenny Wormald (2012)
Jones, C., ed., Britain in the first age of party (1987).
*Kenyon, J. P., Revolution principles: the politics of party, 1689-1720 (1977).
Knights, M., ‘Politics after the Glorious Revolution’, in B. Coward, ed., A Companion to Stuart
Britain (2003)
*Knights, M., Representation and misrepresentation in later Stuart Britain: partisanship and
political culture (2004).
McInnes, A., ‘When was the English Revolution?’, History 67 (1982).
Mijers, E., and D. Onnekink, eds., Redefining William III: the impact of the King-Stadholder in
international context (2007), esp. chs. by Claydon, Barclay, Speck.
Plumb, J., The growth of political stability in England, 1657-1725 (1967).
Robertson, J., ‘The Conceptual Framework of Anglo-Scottish Union’, in J. Arrieta and J.H.
Elliot (ed.), Forms of union: the British and Spanish monarchies in the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries (2009).
Rose, C., England in the 1690s (1999).
Scottish Historical Review special number (2008)
Speck, W., Tory and Whig (1970).
Szechi, D., ‘Jacobite politics in the age of Anne’, Parliamentary History 2009 (2012).
Troost, W., ‘‘To restore and preserve the liberties of Europe’: William III’s ideas on foreign
policy’ in D. Onnekink and G. Rommelse, eds., Ideology and foreign policy in early
modern Europe (1650-1750) (2011).
15. The restored church and religious dissent, 1660-1714
31
Key debates
The impact of toleration
Dissent and denominationalism
The nature of persecution
Toleration, latitudinarianism, and Protestant union
The ‘Church in Danger’
Secularisation?
Questions for discussion?
Was fear of popery more important than fear of Dissent in Restoration politics and religion?
What was not restored to the restored Church in 1662?
How far and why did pre-Civil War Puritanism transform itself into post-Civil War Dissent?
In what ways was the Established Church in danger after 1689?
How politically disadvantaged were Protestant Dissenters in the decades after the passage
of the Toleration Act of 1689?
What was the politics of presbyterianism in late seventeenth-century Scotland?
How did the religious politics evolve in late Stuart Ireland?
Key publications
Barnard, T., A new anatomy of Ireland: the Irish Protestants, 1649-1770 (2003).
Coffey, J., Persecution and toleration in Protestant England, 1558-1689 (2000).
Collins, J., ‘Redeeming the Enlightenment: new histories of religious toleration’, Journal of
Modern History 81 (2009).
Connolly, S., Religion, law and power: the making of Protestant Ireland, 1660-1760 (1995).
Davies, A, The Quakers in English Society, 1655-1681 (1980)
De Krey, G. S., ‘Reformation in the Restoration crisis, 1679-1682’, in D. B. Hamilton and R.
Strier, eds., Religion, literature and politics in post-Reformation England (1996).
Fincham, K. and N. Tyacke, Altars restored: the changing face of English religious worship,
1547-1700 (2007), ch. 8.
Fincham, K., ‘According to Ancient Custom: The Return of the Altars in the Restoration
Church of England’, TRHS, 6th ser., 13 (2003)
Glickman, G., The English Catholic Community 1688-1745 (2009)
Goldie, M., Roger Morrice and the Puritan Whigs (Vol. 1 of M. Goldie, gen. ed., The entring
book of Roger Morrice, 1677-1691) (2007; pb 2016), Intro. to pb edn; & chs 1, 4, 5, 6
Goldie, M., ‘Toleration and the Godly prince in Restoration England’, in J. Morrow and J.
Scott, eds., Liberty, authority, formality: political ideas and culture, 1600-1900 (2008).
Green, I., The Re-establishment of the Church of England 1660-1663 (1978)
Gregory, J., ‘The Making of a Protestant Nation: Success and Failure in England’s Long
Reformation’, in N. Tyacke, ed., England’s Long Reformation (1998)
Gregory, J., Restoration, Reformation and Reform, 1660-1828 (2000)
Gregory, J., and J. S. Chamberlain, eds., The national church in local perspective: the
Church of England and the regions, 1660-1800 (2003), esp. ch. by Gregory.
*Grell, O.P., J. I. Israel, and N. Tyacke, eds., From persecution to toleration: the Glorious
Revolution and religion in England (1991), esp. chs. by Goldie, Tyacke.
*Harris, T., P. Seaward, and M. Goldie, eds., The politics of religion in Restoration England
(1990).
Holmes, G., The trial of Dr Sacheverell (1973).
Houston, A. and S., Pincus, eds., A nation transformed: England after the Restoration
(2001), esp. chs. by Worden, Knights.
*Jackson, C., Restoration Scotland, 1660-1689: royalist politics, religion and ideas (2003).
Keeble, N, ed., ‘Settling the Peace of the Church’: 1662 Revisited (2014)
Miller, J., Popery and politics in England, 1660-1688 (1973).
*Sirota, B, The Christian Monitors: The Church of England and the Age of Benevolence,
1680-1730 (2014)
32
*Spurr, J., The Restoration Church of England, 1646-1689 (1991).
Spurr, J., ‘From Puritanism to Dissent, 1660-1700’, in C. Durston and J. Eales, eds., The
Culture of English Puritanism (1996)
Spurr, J., ‘The Church of England, comprehension and the Toleration Act of 1689’, English
Historical Review 104 (1989).
Spurr, J., ‘Later Stuart Puritanism’, in J. Coffey and P. Lim, eds., The Cambridge companion
to Puritanism (2008).
*Tapsell, G. ed., The later Stuart Church of England, 1660-1714 (2012).
Tyacke, N. ed., England's long Reformation (1998).
Walsh, J., C. Haydon, and S. Taylor, eds., The Church of England, c.1689-c.1833: from
toleration to tractarianism (1993).
*Walsham, A., Charitable hatred: tolerance and intolerance in England, 1500-1700 (2006),
ch. 6.
Watts, M. R., The Dissenters from the Reformation to the French Revolution (1978), chs 3-4
Section B: Early Modern Themes
33
16. The three kingdoms and the ‘British problem’
Key debates
The ‘billiard balls’ theory
Multiple monarchy
‘Enriched English history’?
The European dimension
Religion and ethnicity
Sample questions
Nicholas Canny has accused ‘British historians’ of writing ‘enriched English history’. Is this a
fair and accurate statement?
Does a British approach neglect the impact of continental Europe on the British Isles?
Is ‘British history’ useful only for understanding the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, 1637-1660?
Key publications
*Asch, R., ed., Three nations – a common history? (1993), esp. ch. by Canny.
*Bradshaw, B., and J. Morrill, eds., The British problem, c.1534-1707 (1996).
Bradshaw, B., and P. Roberts, eds., British consciousness and identity: the making of Britain,
1533-1707 (1998).
Brown, K., Kingdom or province? Scotland and the regal union, 1603-1715 (1992).
Burgess, G., ed., The new British History: founding a modern state, 1603-1715 (1999).
Doran, S., and G. Richardson, eds., Tudor England and its neighbours (2005).
Ellis, S., Tudor frontiers and noble power: the making of the British state (1995).
*Ellis, S., and S. Barber, eds., Conquest and union: fashioning a British state, 1485-1725
(1995).
*Gentles, I., The English Revolution and the wars in the Three Kingdoms, 1638-1652 (2007).
Grant, A., and Stringer, K., eds., Uniting the kingdom? The making of British history (1995).
Kearney, H., The British Isles: a history of four nations (1989).
Macinnes, A., and Ohlmeyer, J., The Stuart kingdoms in the seventeenth century: awkward
neighbours (2002).
Ohlmeyer, J. H., ‘The “old” British histories’, Historical Journal 50 (2007).
*Pocock, J. G. A., The discovery of islands (2005), esp. ‘British history: a plea for a new
subject’ and ‘The Atlantic archipelago’.
Wormald, J., ‘James VI and I: two kings or one?’, History 68 (1983).
17. Centre and locality: state formation and patterns of governance
34
Key debates
Office-holding
Reform of government
Decline of nobility
Political consciousness
Court and country?
The ‘fiscal-military state’
Questions for discussion
Why was local office-holding so highly sought after in early modern Britain?
Were local or national politics of greater importance at the level of a town or village?
Was society becoming more or less hierarchical between c.1500 and c.1700?
In what ways did the period 1689-1714 see the development of a ‘fiscal-military state’?
Key publications
Archer, Ian, The pursuit of stability: social relations in Elizabethan London (1991)
Bernard, G.W. (ed.), The Tudor nobility (1992)
Braddick, Michael J., ‘State formation and social change in early modern England’, Social History
16 (1991)
*Braddick, Michael J., State formation in early modern England, c.1550-1700 (2000)
*Brewer, John, The sinews of power: war and the English state, 1688-1783 (1989)
Carlson, Eric, ‘The origins, function, and status of the office of churchwarden’, in Margaret
Spufford (ed.), The world of rural Dissenters, 1520-1725 (1995)
*Coffman, D’Maris, Excise taxation and the origins of public debt (2013)
Collinson, Patrick, Elizabethan essays (1994)
De Krey, Gary S., London and the Restoration, 1659-1683 (2005)
Duffy, Eamon, The voices of Morebath: reformation and rebellion in an English village (2001)
Ellis, Steven G., Tudor frontiers and noble power: the making of the British state (1995)
*Fletcher, Anthony, Reform in the provinces: the government of Stuart England (1986)
Glassey, Lionel K. J., Politics and the appointment of justices of the peace, 1675-1720
(1979)
Halliday, Paul D., Dismembering the body politics: partisan politics in England’s towns, 1650-1730
(1998)
*Goldie, Mark, ‘The unacknowledged republic: officeholding in early modern England’, in Tim
Harris (ed.), The politics of the excluded, c.1500-1850 (2001)
Goodare, Julian, The government of Scotland, 1560-1625 (2004)
Goodare, Julian, State and society in early modern Scotland (1999)
Goodare, Julian, and Lynch, Michael, The Scottish state and its borderlands, 1567-1625, in
Julian Goodare and Michael Lynch (eds.), The Reign of James VI (2000)
Groundwater, Anna, The Scottish Middle March, 1573-1625: power, kinship, allegiance
(2010)
Michael A.R. Graves, The Tudor Parliaments: Crown, Lords and Commons, 1485-1603
(1985)
*Hindle, Steve, ‘Hierarchy and community in the Elizabethan parish: the Swallowfield articles
of 1596’, Historical Journal 42 (1999)
Hindle, Steve, The State and Social Change in Early Modern England, 1550-1640 (1999)
*Hughes, Ann, ‘The king, the parliament and the localities during the English Civil War’,
Journal of British Studies 24 (1985)
Jones, D. W., ‘Sequel to revolution: the economics of England’s emergence as a great
power, 1688-1712’, in Jonathan Israel (ed.), The Anglo-Dutch moment (1991)
Jones, J. G., The Welsh Gentry, 1536-1640: Images of Status, Honour and Authority (1997)
35
Kent, Joan R., ‘The centre and the localities: state formation and parish government in
England, c.1640-1740’, Historical Journal 38 (1995)
Kyle, Chris R. (ed.), Managing Tudor and Stuart Parliaments (2015)
O’Brien, Patrick, ‘The political economy of British taxation, 1660-1815’, Economic History
Review 41 (1988)
Roberts, P., ‘The English Crown, the Principality of Wales and the Council in the Marches,
1534-1641’, in B. Bradshaw and J. Morrill, eds, The British Problem (1996)
*Scott, David, Leviathan: The Rise of Britain as a World Power (2013)
Smith, David L., The Stuart Parliaments, 1603-1689 (1999)
Stewart, Laura, ‘Politics and Government in the Scottish Burghs’, in J. Goodare and A.
MacDonald (eds.), Sixteenth-century Scotland (2008)
*Stewart, Laura, ‘Fiscal revolution and state formation in mid seventeenth-century Scotland’,
Historical Research, 84 (2011)
Walter, John, ‘ “Abolishing superstition with sedition”?: the politics of popular iconoclasm in
England, 1640-1642’, Past and Present 183 (2004)
Williams, Penry, The Tudor regime (1979)
*Wrightson, Keith, ‘Two concepts of order: justices, constables and jurymen in seventeenthcentury England’, in John Brewer and John Styles (eds.), An ungovernable people?:
the English and their law in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (1980)
18. The culture of power and the power of culture
36
Key debates
Images and representations of monarchy
Propaganda and/or criticism
The role of poetry, drama, and other media
Questions for discussion
What can we learn about ideas of monarchy from either (a) portraits and other images or (b)
drama? Illustrate from either the Tudors or the Stuarts or both.
Discuss the use of space or ritual or ceremonial in the projection of rulership. You may refer
to one or more of these aspects, and you may illustrate from either the Tudor or
Stuart period or both.
What were the uses of memory in politics and religion in the early modern period? You may
illustrate from either the Tudor or Stuart period or both.
Key publications
Anglo, S., Images of Tudor kingship (1992)
Anglo, S., Spectacle, pageantry and early Tudor polity, 2nd edn (1997).
Archer, I., 'Conspicuous consumption revisited: City and court in the reign of Elizabeth I', in
M. P. Davies and A. Prescott, eds., London and the kingdom (2008).
Backscheider, P. R., Spectacular politics: theatrical power and mass culture in early modern
England (1993).
Butler, M., ‘Early Stuart court culture: compliment or criticism?’, Historical Journal 32 (1989).
Cressy, D., Bonfires and bells: national memory and the Protestant calendar (1989).
Dillon, J., The language of space in court performance, 1400–1625 (2010).
Edie, C. A., ‘The public face of royal ritual: sermons, medals and civic ceremony in later
Stuart coronations’, Huntington Library Quarterly 53 (1990).
Harris, J., Orgel, S, Strong, R., eds., The King’s Arcadia: Inigo Jones and the Stuart Court
(1973)
Hart, V, Art and Magic in the Court of the Stuarts (1994)
Hill, T., Pageantry and power: a cultural history of the early modern Lord Mayor's show,
1585-1639 (2010).
Hoak, D., ed., Tudor political culture (1995).
Howarth, D., ed., Images of rule: art and politics in the English Renaissance, 1485-1649
(1997).
Jenkinson, M., Culture and politics at the court of Charles II, 1660-1685 (2010).
Lindley, D, ed., Court Masques: Jacobean and Caroline Entertainments, 1604-1640 (1995)
Mears, N., ‘Courts, courtiers, and culture in Tudor England’, Historical Journal 46 (2003).
Norbrook, D., Writing the English republic: poetry, rhetoric, and politics, 1627-1660 (1999).
Norbrook, D., Poetry and politics in the English Renaissance, rev. edn. (2002)
Orgel, S., The Illusion of Power (1975)
Parry, G., The Golden Age Restor’d: The Culture of the Stuart Court, 1603-1642 (1981)
Potter, L., Secret rites and secret writing: royalist literature, 1641-1660 (1989).
Schwoerer, L., ‘Images of Queen Mary II, 1689-1695’, Renaissance Quarterly, 42 (1989)
*Sharpe, K., and Lake, P., eds., Culture and politics in early Stuart England (1994).
*Sharpe, K., Remapping early modern England: the culture of seventeenth-century politics (2000)
Sharpe, K., Selling the Tudor monarchy (2009).
Sharpe, K., Image wars: promoting kings and commonwealths in England, 1603-1660 (2010).
Sharpe, K., Rebranding rule: the Restoration and Revolution monarchy (2013).
Smuts, R. M., Court culture and the origins of a royalist tradition in early Stuart England
(1987).
Shohet, L., Reading masques: the English masque and public culture in the seventeenth
century (2010).
Smith, N., Literature and Revolution in England, 1640-1660 (1994)
Smith, D. L., Strier, R., and Bevington, D, eds., The Theatrical City: Culture, Theatre and
37
Politics in London, 1576-1649 (1995)
Smuts, M., Culture and power in England, 1585-1685 (1999).
Southcombe, G., and G. Tapsell, Restoration politics, religion and culture (2010)
Sowerby, T., ‘A Memorial and a Pledge of Faith’: Portraiture and Early Modern Diplomatic
Culture’, English Historical Review (2014)
Strong, R., Henry, Prince of Wales, and England’s lost Renaissance (1986).
*Tittler, R., The face of the city: civic portraiture and civic identity in early modern England
(2007).
Williams, A., Poetry and the creation of a Whig literary culture, 1681-1714 (2005).
Worden, B., Literature and politics in Cromwellian England: Milton, Marvell, Nedham (2007).
19. Political ideas: sovereignty, common law, counsel, and constitution
38
Key debates
A monarchical republic?
Godly kingship
Counsel, patronage, and favourites
Rebellion and resistance theory
Role of parliament
The meaning of sovereignty
The nature of the common law
Questions for discussion
Why did Tudor rebels nearly always claim to be true and obedient subjects?
Explain the abject failure of rebels in sixteenth-century England.
In either the sixteenth century or the seventeenth century, to what extent might English
government, central as well as local, be thought about in ‘republican’ terms?
How did the functions of an M.P. change in the course of either the sixteenth century or the
seventeenth century?
Did the seventeenth century witness a crisis of monarchs or of parliaments?
Did royalist ideology remain unchanged throughout the seventeenth century?
Key publications
Bowler, G., ‘Marian Protestants and the Idea of Violent Resistance to Tyranny’, in P. Lake
and M. Dowling (eds), Protestantism and the National Church in Sixteenth-Century
England (1987)
Brooks, C., Law, politics and society in early modern England (2008)
Burgess, G., The politics of the ancient constitution: English political thought, 1603–1642
(1992)
Burgess, G., British political thought, 1500-1660: the politics of the post-Reformation (2009).
*Burns, J. H., and M. Goldie, eds., The Cambridge history of political thought, 1450-1700
(1988), chs. 4, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15.
Cromartie, A., The constitutionalist revolution: an essay on the history of England, 1450–
1642 (2006)
Cuttica, C., and G. Burgess, eds, Monarchism and absolutism in early modern Europe
(2012), esp. chs. by Sommerville, Vallance, Burgess.
Dawson, J., ‘The Two John Knoxes’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History (1991).
Dawson, J., ‘Revolutionary Conclusions: The Case of the Marian Exiles’, History of Political
Thought, 11 (1990)
Dawson, J., ‘Trumpeting Resistance: Christopher Goodman and John Knox’, in R. Mason,
ed., John Knox and the British Reformations (1998)
Goldie, M., ‘The unacknowledged republic: officeholding in early modern England’, in T.
Harris, ed., The politics of the excluded, c.1500-1850 (2001).
Greenberg, J., The Radical Face of the Ancient Constitution (2001)
Guy, J., ‘Monarchy and counsel: models of the state’, in P. Collinson ed., The sixteenth
century (2002).
*Guy, J., Politics, law and counsel in Tudor and early Stuart England (2000).
Hunt, A., ‘The monarchical republic of Mary I’, Historical Journal 52 (2009).
Kenyon, J., Revolution principles (1977).
Kesselring, K. J., Mercy and authority in the Tudor states (2003).
Lake, P., & S. Pincus, eds., The politics of the public sphere in early modern England (2007)
Mason, R., Kingship and the commonweal: political thought in Renaissance and Reformation
Scotland (1998).
Mayer, T.F., and P.A. Fideler, eds., Political thought and the Tudor commonwealth (1992)
McDiarmid, J., ed., The monarchical republic of early modern England (2007).
Mendle, M., Dangerous positions (1985).
39
Ohlmeyer, J., ed., Political thought in seventeenth-century Ireland (2000), esp. Intro., and
chs. by Casway, Cunningham, Ó hAnnracháin.
Peltonen, M., Classical humanism and republicanism in English political thought, 1570-1640
(1995).
Phillipson, N. and Q. Skinner, eds., Political discourse in early modern Britain (1993).
Pocock, J. G. A., The ancient constitution and the feudal law (1987).
Pocock, J. G. A., ed., The varieties of British political thought, 1500-1800 (1993).
Rose, J., Godly kingship in Restoration England: the politics of the royal supremacy, 16601688 (2010).
Sommerville, J., Royalists and patriots: politics and ideology in England, 1603-1640 (1999).
Van Gelderen, M., and Q. Skinner, eds., Republicanism: a shared European heritage, 2 vols. (2002)
Wall, A., Power and protest in England, 1525-1640 (2000).
Withington, P., The politics of commonwealth: citizens and freemen in early modern England
(2005).
20. Rebellion, Resistance and Revolt
40
Key debates
Resistance and resistance theory
Obedience, loyalty and treason
Violence and its containment
Reactions to the Reformation
Responses to conquest
The intellectual origins of the civil wars
Popular agency and motivation
Questions for discussion
How did contemporaries distinguish between rebellion, resistance, revolution and revolt?
How were rebellions reported and news about them disseminated?
How did the crown and state respond to rebellions?
What were the roles of religious and financial factors in prompting resistance?
Did theories of resistance pre-date rebellion, or were they developed to justify it after the
fact?
To what extent were ethnic and religious difference motives for violence in sixteenth-century
Ireland?
What were the links between domestic dissent and foreign support – within and beyond the
three kingdoms?
Key publications
Bernard, G.W. War, Taxation and Rebellion in Early Tudor England (Brighton, 1986).
Bernard, G., ‘The Dissolution of the Monasteries’, History 96 (2001), pp. 390-409.
Boardman, Steve, ‘Royal Finance and Regional Rebellion in the Reign of James IV’, in
Goodare, Julian & MacDonald, Alasdair A. (eds), Sixteenth-century Scotland: essays
in honour of Michael Lynch (Leiden, 2008)
Bowie, Karin, ‘Popular resistance and the ratification of the Anglo-Scottish treaty of union’,
Scottish Archives, 14 (2008), pp. 10-46.
Burns, J., ‘Pro Me Si Mereor In Me: kingship and tyranny in Scotland, 1437-1587’, in
Friedeburg, Robert von (ed.), Murder and monarchy : regicide in European history,
1300-1800 (Basingstoke, 2004) – other essays in this vol. provide wider context
Bush, M. L., ‘Tax reform and rebellion in early Tudor England’, History (1991), pp. 379-400.
Bush, M. L., ‘The Tudor polity and the pilgrimage of grace’, Historical Research 80 (2007),
pp. 42-74.
Bush, M. L., The pilgrims' complaint: a study of popular thought in the early Tudor north
(Farnham, 2009)
Cathcart, Alison, ‘The Forgotten '45: Donald Dubh's Rebellion in an Archipelagic Context’,
Scottish Historical Review, 91 (2002) pp. 239-264
Clifton, Robin, The Last Popular Rebellion: The Western Rising of 1685 (London, 1984).
Cunningham, Sean, ‘Henry VII and rebellion in north-eastern England, 1485-1492: bonds of
allegiance and the establishment of Tudor authority’, Northern History (1996), pp. 42-74.
Darcy, Eamon, The Irish rebellion of 1641 and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (London,
2013)
Dawson, ‘The two John Knoxes : England, Scotland and the 1558 tracts’, Journal of
Ecclesiastical History, 42 (1991) 555-76
*Edwards, D., P. Lenihan, and C. Tait, eds., Age of atrocity: violence and political conflict in
early modern Ireland (2007), esp. Intro., and ch. by Edwards.
*Fletcher, Anthony, and MacCulloch, Diarmaid (eds), Tudor Rebellions (various editions,
1968-2008) – note especially the selection of primary source material included as an
appendix.
41
Foxley, Rachel, ‘Oliver Cromwell on Religion and Resistance’, in C. Prior and G. Burgess
(eds) England’s wars of religion revisited (Farnham, 2001), pp. 209-30.
Gajda, Alexandra, The Earl of Essex and late Elizabethan political culture (Oxford, 2012)
Goodare, Julian, ‘The Attempted Scottish Coup of 1596’, in Goodare, Julian & MacDonald,
Alasdair A. (eds), Sixteenth-century Scotland : essays in honour of Michael Lynch
(Leiden, 2008)
Harris, Tim, (ed.), The politics of the excluded, c.1500-1850 (Basingstoke, 2001)
Hinds, P., The horrid Popish plot: Roger L'Estrange and the circulation of political discourse
in late seventeenth-century London (Oxford, 2009)
Hindle, Steve. ‘Imagining Insurrection in Seventeenth-Century England: Representations of
the Midland Rising of 1607’, History Workshop Journal 66 (2008), pp. 21-61.
Hopper, A. J., ‘The Farnley Wood plot and the memory of the civil wars in Yorkshire’,
Historical Journal 45:2 (2002) 281-303
Hunt, Arnold, ‘Tuning the Pulpits: The Religious Context of the Essex Revolt’, in Lori Anne
Ferrell & Peter McCullough (eds.), The English Sermon Revised: Religion, Literature
and history, 1600-1700 (Manchester, 2000), pp.86-114.
Kesselring, Krista J., ‘"A Cold Pye for the Papistes" : Constructing and Containing the
Northern Rising of 1569’, Journal of British Studies 43 (2004) pp. 417-43
Kesselring, Krista J., ‘Mercy and Liberality: The Aftermath of the 1569 Northern Rebellion’
History 90 (2005) pp. 213-35
*Kesselring, Krista J., The Northern Rebellion of 1569: faith, politics, and protest in
Elizabethan England (Basingstoke, 2007)
MacCulloch, Diarmaid, Suffolk and the Tudors: Politics and Religion in an English County,
1500-1600 (Oxford, 1986), chs.7 & 10.
Maggin, Christopher, ‘The Baltinglass rebellion, 1580: English dissent or a Gaelic uprising?’
Historical Journal, 47:2 (2004) 205-32
Morgan, H., Tyrone’s rebellion: the outbreak of the Nine Years War in Tudor Ireland (1993).
Nichols, Mark, ‘Treason's reward: the punishment of conspirators in the Bye plot of 1603’,
Historical Journal (1995), pp. 821-41
Nichols, Mark, ‘Strategy and Motivation in the Gunpowder Plot’, Historical Journal 50 (2007)
pp. 787-807
*O Siochru, Micheal, & Ohlmeyer, Jane , (eds) Ireland, 1641: contexts and reactions
(Manchester, 2013)
O Siochru, Michael, ‘Foreign involvement in the revolt of Silken Thomas, 1534-5’
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (1996), pp. 49-66
Pollitt, Ronald, ‘The Defeat of the Northern Rebellion and the Shaping of Anglo-Scottish
Relations’, Scottish Historical Review 64 (1985), pp. 1-21.
Pincus, S., 1688: the first modern revolution (London, 2009)
Sansom, C. J., ‘The Wakefield Conspiracy of 1541 and Henry VIII's Progress to the North
Reconsidered’, Northern History 45 (2008), pp. 217-238.
Vallance, E. J., ‘Loyal or Rebellious? Protestant Associations in England 1584-1696’, The
Seventeenth Century (2002) pp. 1-23
*Wood, Andy, ‘The Deep Roots of Albion's Fatal Tree: The Tudor State and the Monopoly of
Violence’, History, 99 (2014), pp. 403-417.
21. Media and opinion: pulpits and pamphlets, news and censorship
42
Key debates
The growth of the public sphere
The print revolution
Censorship
Propaganda and polemic
Audience and agency
Pamphleteering, newspapers and petitions
Preaching as politics
Questions for discussion
How free was the early modern press?
How did the press impact on politics, if at all?
Can we meaningfully use the term ‘public opinion’ in the early modern period?
How important were non-printed forms of media, including oral communication?
Key publications
Cambers, A., Godly Reading: Print, Manuscript, and Puritanism in England, 1580-1720
(2011)
Clegg, Cyndia, Press censorship in Caroline England (2008)
Cooper, J., Propaganda and the Tudor State (2003)
Cowan, Brian, ‘The rise of the coffee house reconsidered’, Historical Journal 47: 1 (2004)
Cressy, D., ‘Book burning in Tudor and Stuart England’, Sixteenth Century Journal36: 2
(2005)
Crick, J., and Walsham, A., The uses of script and print, 1300-1700 (2004), esp. Intro.
Cust, R., ‘Charles I and popularity’ in T. Cogswell, R. Cust, and P. Lake, eds., Politics,
religion and popularity in early Stuart Britain (2002).
Cust, R. ‘News and politics in early seventeenth-century England’, Past & Present 112
(1986)
Davies, C. S. L., 'Information, disinformation and political knowledge under Henry VII and
early Henry VIII', Historical Research 85 (2012).
Downie, J. A., ‘The development of the political press’ in C. Jones ed., Britain in the first age
of party, 1680-1750 (1987).
Ferrell, L. A., and P. McCullough, eds., The English sermon revised: religion, literature and
history, 1600-1750 (2001).
Gillespie, R., Reading Ireland: print, reading and social change in early modern Ireland
(2005)
Harris, T., London crowds in the reign of Charles II (1987).
Hinds, P., The horrid Popish Plot: Roger L'Estrange and the circulation of political discourse
in late seventeenth-century London (2009).
Hughes, Ann, ‘Milton, Areopagitica, and the parliamentary cause’ in McDowell, N. and N.
Smith (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Milton (2009)
Hunt, A., The art of hearing (2011)
Hunter, R. J., Ulster transformed: essays on plantation and print culture, c.1590-1641 (2012).
Kemp, G., J. McElligott, C. Clegg, M. Goldie, eds., Censorship and the press, 1580-1720, 4
vols (2009), esp. Intro. to vol. 4.
Kemp, G., ‘The “end of censorship” and the politics of toleration, from Locke to Sacheverell’,
Parliamentary History 31: 1 (2012)
King, J., Tudor books and readers (2010) – chapters by Clegg and Walsham
*Knights, M., Representation and misrepresentation in later Stuart Britain: partisanship and
political culture (2005).
Lake, P., and S. Pincus, ‘Rethinking the public sphere in early modern England’, Journal of
British Studies 45 (2006).
Lake, P., and S. Pincus, The politics of the public sphere in early modern England (2007).
43
Lake, P., & M. Questier, 'Puritans, papists, and the “public sphere” in early modern England:
the Edmund Campion affair in context', Journal of Modern History, 72 (2000).
Lemmings, D., and C. Walker, eds., Moral panics, the media and the law in early modern
England (2009). esp. ch. by Lemmings.
McElligott, J., Royalism, print and censorship in revolutionary England (2007)
Mears, N., ‘Counsel, public debate, and queenship: John Stubbs's The discoverie of a
gaping gulf, 1579’, Historical Journal, 44 (2001)
Mears, N., Queenship and political discourse in the Elizabethan Realms (2005).
Morrissey, M., Politics and the Paul's Cross sermons, 1558-1642 (2011).
*Milton, A., ‘Licensing, censorship and religious orthodoxy in early Stuart England’, Historical
Journal 41 (1998).
*Peacey, J., Politicians and pamphleteers: propaganda during the English Civil Wars and
Interregnum (2004).
Peacey, J., ‘Cromwellian England: a propaganda state?’, History 91: 302 (2006)
Peacey, J., Print and public politics in the English revolution (2013)
*Pincus, S., '"Coffee politicians does create": coffeehouses and Restoration political culture',
Journal of Modern History 67 (1995).
Raymond, J., The invention of the newspaper: English newsbooks, 1641-1649 (1996)
Raymond, J., ‘The newspaper, public opinion and the public sphere in the seventeenth
century’, Prose Studies 21:2 (1998) – NB this is a special issue focusing on News,
newspapers and society in seventeenth century Britain: see also articles by Atherton
and Wiesman.
Raymond, J. ed., News, newspapers, and society in early modern Britain (1999)
*Raymond, J., Pamphlets and pamphleteering in early modern Britain (2003).
Raymond, J. (ed.), Cheap print in Britain and Ireland to 1660 (2011)
Rose, M., ‘Copyright, authors and censorship’ in M. Suarez, M. Turner (eds.), The
Cambridge History of the book in Britain. Vol. V, 1695-1830.
Tyacke, N. ed., The English Revolution, 1590-1720: politics, religion and communities
(2007), esp. chs. by Knights, Walter.
Walsham, A., ‘”Domme preachers”? Post-reformation English Catholicism and the culture of
print’ Past and Present 168 (2000)
Watt, T., Cheap print and popular piety (1993)
Zaret, D., ‘Petitions and the invention of public opinion in the English revolution’ American
Journal of Sociology 101: 6 (1996)
Zaret, D., Origins of democratic culture: printing, petitions, and the public sphere in earlymodern England (2000)
22. Britain, Europe, and Christendom
44
Key debates
The primacy of foreign policy
The Protestant international and anti-Catholicism
Spain and France as European super-powers
The impact of the Dutch golden age
Questions for discussion
Was Protestantism the sole driver of foreign policy after the Reformation?
‘England was inconsequential in Europe.’ Discuss.
Discuss relations with, and perceptions of, Spain or France or the Dutch Republic.
Did the idea of ‘Christendom’ survive the Reformation?
Key publications
Armitage, D., Foundations of Modern International Thought (2012).
Black, J., A system of ambition? British foreign policy 1660-1783 (1991).
Boys, J.E.E., London’s news press and the Thirty Years War (2011).
Brown, J. and J.H. Elliott, eds., The Sale of the Century (2002).
Canny, N.P., ‘Ireland and Continental Europe’, in A. Jackson, ed., The Oxford Handbook of
Modern Irish History (2014), 333-55.
Clark, J.C.D., 'Protestantism, nationalism, and national identity, 1660-1832’, Historical
Journal 43 (2000).
*Claydon, T., Europe and the making of England, 1660-1760 (2007), esp. intro and ch. 3.
Claydon, T. and I. McBride, eds., Protestantism and national identity: Britain and Ireland,
c.1650-c.1850 (1998).
*Cogswell, T., ‘States and their pawns. English political tensions from the Armada to the
Thirty Years War’, in S. Gossett, ed., Thomas Middleton in Context (2011), 126-34.
*Colley, L., Britons: forging the nation 1707-1837 (1996).
Collinson, P., 'England and international Calvinism, 1558-1640', in M. Prestwich, ed.,
International Calvinism, 1541-1715 (1985).
Conway, S., Britain, Ireland, and continental Europe in the eighteenth century: similarities,
connections, identities (2011).
Cunningham, B., ‘Early modern Ireland and Europe’, Irish historical studies, 36 (2009), 604-9
[review article]
Davies, C.S.L., ‘Tournai and the English crown’, Historical Journal, 41 (1998), 1-26
Doran, S., England and Europe in the sixteenth century (1999).
*Doran, S., and G. Richardson, Tudor England and its neighbours (2005), esp. ch. by Croft.
*Dunthorne, H., Britain and the Dutch Revolt (2013)
Gajda, A., ‘The State of Christendom: History, political thought and the Essex circle’,
Historical Research, 81 (2008), 423-46
Ghobrial, J.-P., The Whispers of Cities. Information flows in Istanbul, London and Paris in the
age of William Trumbull (2013)
Glickman, G., ‘Christian re-union, the Anglo-French alliance, and the English Catholic
imagination, 1660-72’, English Historical Review, 128 (2013), 263-91.
Ha, P. and Collinson, P., eds, The Reception of Continental Reformation in Britain (2010)
Malcolm, N., Reason of State and the Thirty Years War (2007)
Maltby, W. S., The Black Legend in England: the development of anti-Spanish sentiment,
1558-1660 (1971).
Mandelbrote, S., ‘John Dury and the practice of irenicism’, in N. Aston, ed., Religious change
in Europe (1997), 41-58.
Mandelbrote, S., ‘English Scholarship and the Greek Text of the Old Testament, 1620-1720:
The Impact of Codex Alexandrinus’, in A. Hessayon and N. Keene, eds.. Scripture
and Scholarship in Early Modern England (2006), 74-93.
45
Marshall, P., ‘“Rather with Papists than with Turks”: The battle of Lepanto and the contours
of Elizabethan Christendom’, Reformation, 17 (2012), 135-59.
MacCulloch, D., ‘Putting the English Reformation on the Map’, TRHS, 6th ser. 15 (2005)
*Milton, A., ed., The British Delegation and the Synod of Dort (2005)
*Milton, A., ‘The Church of England and the Palatinate, 1566-1642’, Proceedings of the
British Academy, 164 (2010), 137-66.
Mulligan, W. and B. Simms, eds., The primacy of foreign policy in British history, 1660-2000
(2010), esp. intro and chs. by Glickman and Onnekink.
*Murdoch, S., ‘Scotland and Europe’, in B. Harris and A.R. MacDonald, eds., Scotland: the
making and unmaking of the nation, vol. 2 (Early Modern Scotland), 126-44.
Osborne, T., ‘Van Dyck, Alessandro Scaglia and the Caroline court’, The Seventeenth
Century, 22 (2007), 24-41.
*Patterson, W. B., King James VI & I and the reunion of Christendom (2000).
Pincus, S., Protestantism and patriotism: ideology and the making of English foreign policy,
1650-1668 (1996).
Potter, D., ‘England and Europe, 1558-1585’, in S. Doran and N. Jones, eds., The
Elizabethan World (2011), 613-28.
Redworth, G., The prince and the infanta (2003)
Richardson, G., ed., ‘The contending kingdoms’: France and England, 1430-1700 (2008).
*Scott, J., England’s troubles: seventeenth-century English political instability in European
context (2000).
Smuts, R.M., ‘Religion, European politics, and Henrietta Maria’s circle’, in E. Griffley, ed.,
Henrietta Maria (2008), 13-38.
Szechi, D., Britain’s lost revolution? Jacobite Scotland and French grand strategy (2015)
Thompson, A., Britain, Hanover and the Protestant interest (2006).
23. The emergence of the Atlantic empire
46
Key debates
From privateering to plantations
Migration and its motives
Transatlantic networks
The nature of ‘empire’
The rise of international commerce
The role of the West Indies
Questions for discussion
Is writing ‘Atlantic history’ a realistic goal for historians?
Account for British expansion in the New World between 1550 and 1700?
Was ‘Britishness’ a feature of empire rather than of ‘Britain’ itself?
What was the role of Ireland and Scotland in the creation of the Empire from 1600 onwards?
Key publications
Andrews, K. R., Trade, plunder, and settlement: maritime enterprise and the genesis of the
British Empire, 1480-1630 (1984).
Andrews, K. R., N. Canny, and P. Hair, The westward enterprise: English activities in Ireland,
the Atlantic and America, 1480-1650 (1978).
Armitage, D., ‘Making the empire British: Scotland in the Atlantic world, 1542-1707', Past and
Present 155 (1997).
*Armitage, D., The ideological origins of the British Empire (2000).
Armitage, D., ed., Theories of Empire, 1450-1800 (1998)
Bremer, F. J., Puritan crisis: New England and the English civil wars, 1630-1670 (1989).
Canny, N., ‘Fashioning “British” worlds in the seventeenth century’, in N. Canny et al., eds.,
Empire, society, and labor (1997; supplement to Pennsylvania History).
*Canny, N., ed., The Oxford history of the British Empire, vol. 1: the origins of empire (1998).
Coffmann, D’M, Lennard, A, and O’Reilly, W, eds, The Atlantic World (2014)
Cressy, D., Coming Over: Migration and Communication between England and New England
in the Seventeenth Century (1987)
Drayton, R., Nature’s Government: Science, Imperial Britain, and the Improvement of the
World (2000)
Drayton, R., ‘The collaboration of labour: slaves, empires, and globalizations in the Atlantic
world, c.1600-1850', in A. Hopkins, ed., Globalization in world history (2002).
Elliott, J. H., Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830 (2006)
Fitzmaurice, A., Humanism & America: an intellectual history of English colonisation (2003).
*Games, A., The web of empire: English cosmopolitans in an age of expansion, 1560-1660
(2008).
Games, A. Migration and the Origins of the English Atlantic World (1999)
*Games, A., ‘Atlantic history: definitions, challenges, and opportunities’ American Historical
Review 111 (2006).
Greene, J. P., Pursuits of happiness: the social development of early modern British colonies
and the formation of American culture (1988).
Kenny, K., ed., Ireland and the British Empire (2004), esp. ch. by Ohlmeyer.
Lenman, B, England’s Colonial Wars (2001)
*Mancke, E. and C. Shammas, The creation of the British Atlantic world (2005).
Middleton, D., Colonial America: a history, 1585-1776 (3rd edn, 2002).
Olwell, R. and A. Tully, Cultures and identities in colonial British America (2006).
Pagden, A., European encounters with the New World (1993).
Pestana, C., The English Atlantic in an Age of Revolution, 1640-1661 (2004)
Pincus, S., ‘Rethinking mercantilism: political economy, the British Empire, and the Atlantic
world in the seventeenth & eighteenth centuries’, William & Mary Quarterly 69 (2012).
Zahedieh, N. , The Capital and the Colonies: London and the Atlantic Economy, 1660-1700
(2010)