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ISSN:2322-3537
Accepted: Dec 2012
ISSSC-150
Influence of vibration on some of functional markers of delayed onset
muscle soreness
Mohammadi Hossein 1 .MSc & Sahebazamani Mansour 2.PhD
1
Department of physical education, neyshabur branch, Islamic azad university, neyshabur ,
iran.
2
Department of physical education, kermanbranch, shahid bahonar university, kerman , iran.
ABSTRACT
Objective:Objective of this study was to the effect of vibration on some of functional
markers of delayed onset muscle soreness.
Methodology: 30 college males with mean age of 21.2, were selected and were divided into
two groups randomly. A vibrator was used to apply 50 Hz vibration for 1 min in the VT
group, while no vibration was applied in the non‐VT group. Then, Both groups performed
five sets (10 repetitions per set) of the eccentric contractions , at 85% of one repetition
maximum (1- RM). Range of motion at elbow jount Circomference of nondominant elbow
and Muscle soreness were recorded before, after, 24, 48, 72, 96 (hr) after eccentric
contractions.
Statistical Result: The results showed vibration training do show positive effects on Range
of motion at elbow joint and Muscle soreness and Circomference of nondominant elbow (p>
0.05).
Discussion: A comparison by experimental groups indicates that VT before eccentric
exercise may prevent and control DOMS.
Key words: Eccntric exercise,Delayed onset muscle soreness, Range of motion, vibration
training.
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Intruduction
Muscle soreness is One of the most common sports injuries, that accures after eccentric
contractions and causes lose of activity to a man. For untrained people, it may effect on their
daily activities. So it can be so important to avoid such injuries. But, because this damages
are unavoidable, it is neccesery to have a medicasion to help injuried people to relive the
discomfort, injury and disability and returning them back to the training.( Divakara kedlaya,.
2001).
Warm up before training, fast cool down afterwards and stretch are guidelines to avoid the
muscle soreness. medications can not be appropriate treatments because of possibility of
involving doping agents (G.Howatson,D et al, 2005; Gauri Shankar et al, 2001). None – drug
treatments include: massage, ice massage,ultra sound waves, treating under – skin nervous
and repeating the training
(Divakara kedlaya , 2001; G.Howatson,D et al, 2005; Kasonuri Nosaka, 1995). But since the
main cause and mechanism of this phenomenon is not known exactly, the results of the
applications can be different (Michelle A , et al., 2002; Amir H Bakhtiary et al, 2007; Corrie
A. Mancinelli , et al, 1994; E. Cafarelli, et al, 1990; Herbert RD, et al, 2002; Joseph M et al,
2005).
Afterward Some research on muscle soreness, massage has been found to reduces the caused
pain (Kasonuri Nosaka et al, 1995; Moradi, 2002) and unlike this research,s results,
conflicting results has been observed about this treatment. For example, research,s
(G.Howatson,D et al, 2005; Gauri Shankar et al, 2001)concluded in their researches that
providing massage before or after eccentric exercise will not reduces the muscle soreness.
So there is no certain theory about it.
Massage after exercise to reduce fatigue and muscle damage is a more common in the active
treatment. Thet is often recommended to athletes by coaches and therapists. According to
studies done by researchers and using different massage treatment methods, including, hand
massage, vibrate massage to reduce muscle soreness. And different muscle groups used in
researches, Different time massage (4,8,10,30 min) And ways to make the muscle soreness,
using massage on the nondominant arms that are talented to cause muscle soreness, are not
studied much.
So the current research, studies about the effectiveness of one minute massage on
nondominant arms before practicing eccentric exercises.
Methods
The population of this research includes 600 male students of a college who has passed the
physical education exam. Sample questionnaire of so eligible subjects were randomly
assigned to either control group (n = 15, mean age 5/2 ± 8/20 years, height 053/0 ± 74/1 cm
and a mean weight of 16 / 7 ± 29/62 kg) and experimental group (n = 15, mean age 90/1 ±
7/21 years, height 051/0 ± 65/1 cm, and mean weight 95/9 ± 740/61 kg group).
In the present study delayed onset muscle pain free weights (dumbbells) were used. Because,
eccentric contractions may cause delayed muscle aches, lifting the second phase, which
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involves reducing weight with the non-dominant hand Was used (Kasonuri Nosaka.,
1995).Subjects were recruited through questionnaires and 48 hours before the start of the
performance test in order to become familiar with the test and the 1RM were invited to the
Hall School of Physical Education. During their meeting, they start to warm up for 5 minutes.
After warming up, the estimated 1RM, with 3 to 5 people maximum concentric contraction in
the non-dominant hand was (Shahbaz pour, N., 2004). 48 hours after the test, and
measurements were performed in the period between 8 pm to 11 pm. Subjects were initially
completed questionnaire and consent form. Questions were as follows: Participants should
not experience neurological diseases, muscle, heart and brain, and the history of the nondominant upper limb fractures were included. During the six months prior to the study, the
non-dominant upper extremity weight training companies have and During the 10 days prior
to study drug injection and the onset of analgesic or pain or discomfort in the non-dominant
upper limbs are not. They were not high-fat meal, especially during the protocol the night
before each workout should begin with a fatty meal used. Height, weight, Upper arm
circumference (Shahbaz pour, N., 2004), non-dominant arm range of motion (Trevor et al,.
2001), Muscle Stiffness levels were measured(Kasonuri Nosaka.,1995). All measurements
were performed by one person. The subjects sat on a chair and 50 eccentric contractions of
85% 1RM for 5 sets of 10 repitition did. Each set includes 10 contract that lowers a person's
weight in 3 seconds and At least 2 seconds to reach the next contraction without weights
placed in full flexion (Kasonuri Nosaka.,1995). One minute rest was given between each set.
Immediately after training, the experimental group (massage, vibration), vibration massage
for one minute by an experienced Physiotherapist . How to massage the shape of the vibration
device with power at 50 Hz, the mid-biceps brachii from the elbow to the tip of the subject's
arm was massaged. All measurements immediately before and after exercise, and once a day
for 4 days of the experimental and control groups were used.
Results
1 - The range of motion in both groups immediately and 24 and 48 hours after exercise,
decreased and then increased, However, there was no significant differences between the
non-dominant elbow range of motion between experimental and control groups. Figure 1
Figure A: The amount of motion changes
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2 - The amount of Stiffness in both groups, 24 and 48 hours after exercise, increased and then
decreased, However, significant differences between the non-dominant elbow muscle
soreness between experimental and control groups did not exist. Figure 2
Figure two: rate of change of muscle soreness
3 – Upper arm circumference immediately after exercise in both groups increased and
continued to increase up to 96 hours after exercise. There was no significant difference
between control and experimental groups. Figure 3
Figure two: Upper arm circumference
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DISCUSSION
Range of motion in both groups decreased and then increased to 48 hours after exercise. The
findings of some researchers in the field is consistent with reduced range of motion after
eccentric exercise (Kazunori Nosaka et al, 2000; N. stupka et al, 2001; R. Chan et al, 2012;
Priscill M. et al, 1991). These studies suggest a possible explanation is that due to the
changes in neural control, or by developing the first place by elastic muscle structure, muscle
damage is less likely. The diameter of the non-dominant arm immediately after exercise in
both groups increased to 96 hours after exercise continues to increase. These findings, and
some researchers found an increase in arm circumference after repeated eccentric exercise are
consistent (Kazunori Nosaka et al, 2000; Lewis et al, 2011; Stephen P, 1999; Moyer CA et
al,2011). Possible reasons for the increase in diameter due to edema and swelling of the arm,
which will lead to increased permeability of local capillaries. Because the arm medium 24 h
after training echoed in the control group was significantly higher than the experimental
group, Is suggested that massage before eccentric exercise, that exercise has a positive effect
on the diameter of the arm. The greatest increases in muscle Stiffness 24 hours after exercise
is seen, then a declining trend. In the study, Smith and colleagues (Gauri Shankar et al, 2001;
G.Howatson,D et al, 2005; J.B.Rodenburg et al,1994 ; Kazunori Nosaka et al, 2000; N.
stupka,m et al, 2001) in pain level between experimental and control groups, there was no
significant difference in the outcome of this research is conflicting. A possible reason for this
significant difference in rates between the two groups contusion, individual differences in the
perception of pain can be attributed to individuals.
The results show that massage before eccentric exercise may not cause adverse effects on
non-dominant elbow range of motion, muscle Stiffness and increased Upper arm
circumference is not.
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