Statistical symbols and conventions
Object
Symbol
Examples
Random variate
Bolded
X, X
Random vector
Underlined, Bolded
X
unbolded, lowercase
x
vector/vector of real numbers
underlined, unbolded
X
Matrix of real numbers
unbolded, uppercase
X
Population under study
italicized uppercase P
P, PT
Realization of random
variate/real number
Realization of random