MAIN Causes of WW1
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Europe at its peak
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_______________________Revolution at its peak
Europe had ___________ of world population
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highest percent of any time in history
_________________ led to sense that Europeans were at the peak of world
civilization
Causes of the War
1.
M_______________________–
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2.
Germany competed against England’s _____________ _______________________
Conscription – “the draft”, all men 18 – 41 had to serve in the military
A_________________________–
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Triple Alliance:
Triple Entente:
I
4. N_________________________-
3. ___________________________- scramble for overseas colonies
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_________________ and _______________ had only recently became united,
independent countries
Many countries torn by ______________________ of different nationalist groups
Page 44
Illustrate the MAIN causes
of World War 1
Militarism
Imperialism
Alliances
Nationalism
The Spark
Page 45
Nationalism in the Balkans – The _____________________________ of Europe
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People with _________________religions, ethnic backgrounds, languages
As Ottoman Empire receded, new nations were born
Russia and Austria competed for _______________ of new nations
Austria-Hungary _________________ Bosnia in 1908 and Serbia resents this
The Assassination of the Archduke-The ___________________
– Archduke ______________________________ of Austria visited Bosnian
capital on June 28, 1914
– 7 assassins from the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist group- plot against
him
– 19 year old Gavrilo Princip _______________the Archduke and his wife
– Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia
Austria-Hungary’s Ultimatum
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•
•
•
•
•
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Serbia refuses to let Austria-Hungary’s officials run an ___________________ in
Serbia
Austria blamed _____________ - declared war July 28, 1914
___________________ pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.
-__________________________________ for military support
Russia pledged their support for ______________________.
-example of Pan-Slavic nationalism
Germany declares war on____________________
___________________pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on _________________________.
Germany invades _____________________ on the way to France.
__________________________ supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.
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The Spark
Create a political cartoon on the spark leading to WWI. Choose from one of the analogies or create your
own:
1.
- Tender= Causes
-Spark=Assassination
Fire/Explosion=WWI
2. 4 bullets=Causes
Trigger=Assassination
-Gun Explosion= WWI
3. Rumors/Smack talk= Causes
- The shove= Assassination
- Fight= WWI
Use AT LEAST 3 colors
Page 47
Alliances and Western Front
Allies –
Central Powers –
The _______________________ Front
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______________________ tried to take ___________________ quickly in the
Western Front and then turned to fight ___________________
Instead, battle lines formed in northeastern France and changed little
Battles along the Western Front
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Long , bloody battles:
__________________ – 680,000 casualties,
__________________ – over 1 million casualties
Trench Warfare
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The Race to the Sea
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___________________________ of trenches were dug across northern France
British troops used over 10 million ______________________ during the war
Life in the Trenches
– Charging over the top, ______________________no man’s land to reach enemy
trenches
– Boring, ____________________________ and caused shell shock
– _______________________ living conditions
– Trench foot
Shell Shock videos
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Trench Warfare Diagram
Label Diagram and glue into 56:
• Trenches are 7 feet deep and 6 feet wide
• Parapet are 2 -3 feet high
• Dug out – protective holes, could house over 10 men
• Fire step - 2 – 3 feet high, fire through the parapet
• Duckboards – protect soldiers feet
• Wire – protect against grenade lobs, send in wire cutters
• Sandbags – protected against gunfire and shell fragments
• No Man’s Land – filled with dead bodies, barbed wire, and
water filled shell holes
• Fire bays – where the shooting place
• Latrine – man dug toilet
• Traverse – protects and limits shell burst
• Forward Sap – listening post, find snipers, nightly patrols,
usually an old shell hole
• Communication trench – transport men, equipment, food
and wounded men
• Soldiers spend 8 days on the front lines, 4 days on the
reserve lines and 4 days at camp
After you have labeled the diagram, put on top
of this page in your notebook.
Other Fronts of the War
Page 49
• The Eastern Front
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– 1917 – Russian Revolution – communists take control
of the Russian government and withdraw from the war
• The Balkan Front
• The Italian Front
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Fronts of the War Map
Label:
• France
• Serbia
• Great Britain
• Italy
• Belgium
• Russia
• Germany
• Ottoman Empire
• Austria-Hungary
• Bulgaria
Color/Key:
Allied Powers
Central Powers
Neutral Nations
Draw:
Western Front
Eastern Front
After you have labeled the Map, turn it in to be
graded. Once it has been graded, place on
top of this page in your notebook.
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During World War One, a wide variety of weapons were used:
The main weapon used by British soldiers in the trenches was the boltaction rifle. 15 rounds could be fired in a minute and a person 1,400
metres away could be killed.
Machine guns needed 4-6 men to work them and had to
be on a flat surface. They had the fire-power of 100 guns.
Large field guns (artillery) had a long range and could
deliver devastating blows to the enemy but needed up to
12 men to work them. They fired shells which exploded
on impact
The German army were the first to use chlorine gas at the battle of Ypres in 1915. Chlorine gas causes a
burning sensation in the throat and chest pains. Death is painful – you suffocate! The problem with
chlorine gas is that the weather must be right.
Mustard gas was the most deadly weapon used. It was fired into the trenches in shells. It is colourless
and takes 12 hours to take effect. Effects include – blistering skin, vomiting, sore eyes, internal and
external bleeding. Death can take up to 5 weeks.
Tanks were used for the first time at the battle of Somme in the First World
War. They were developed to cope with the conditions on the Western Front.
The first tank was called ‘Little Willie’ and needed a crew of 3. Its maximum
speed was 3mph and it could not cross trenches.
The more modern tank was not developed until just before the end of the
war. It could carry 10 men, had a revolving turret and could reach 4mph.
The Zeppelin, also known as blimp, was an airship that was used during the
early part of the war in bombing raids by the Germans. They carried
machine guns and bombs. However, they were abandoned because they
were easy to shoot out of the sky.
Planes were also used for the first time. At first they were used to deliver
bombs and for spying work but became fighter aircraft armed with
machine guns, bombs and some times canons. Fights between two
planes in the sky became known as ‘dogfights’
Torpedoes were used by submarines. The Germans used torpedoes
to blow up ships carrying supplies from America to Britain.
The Germans torpedoed the passenger liner Lusitania on May 1st
1915 which sank with a loss of 1,195 lives. Americans were outraged
and joined the war in 1917 on the side of the allies.
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World War One – Weapons - Crossword
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2
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5
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7
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10
11
Across
3
This colourless gas is deadly (7)
5
Used by all soldiers in World War One (5)
8
Name of the first tank little ______ (6)
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A fight between two planes (8)
11
Also known as Blimp (8)
1
This gas was first used at Ypres in 1915 (8)
2
Tanks were first used at this battle (5)
4
These weapons were used by submarines (9)
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This American liner was blown up (9)
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This gun needed 4 - 6 men to work it (7)
9
This type of gun fired shells (5)
Down
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USA moves toward War…
USA Tried to Stay Neutral
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Traded with both sides of war at first- _____________________________________
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British controlled all news that was sent to America
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they cut the transatlantic cable that connected US with Germany
Result- persuaded America to be pro-Allied
Aug 1914 – Wilson declares US _______________, tried to be peacemaker
America started to prepare for war in 1915
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Started training young men for military
In 1916 congress increases the military numbers
Moving Toward War
__________________________ telegram:
– secret message from Germany to ____________ urging Mexico to attack the U.S. if the
U.S. declared war on ______________
– Germany promised to help Mexico regain land it lost to the U.S. in the _________
_______.
Unrestricted ______________________ Warfare
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German ___________ first started sinking only British ships or ships headed to
Britain
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Eventually many US ships were sank
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result - America upset, demands freedom of seas
Sinking of the _____________ –
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Secretly carrying _______ supplies, Germany warns will sink her
May 7, 1915 – Germany sink the Lusitania and 128 US citizens die
______________
_______________ – Germany promises not to fire on passenger ships
and would warn before firing upon other ships
Feb. 1, 1917 – Germany _________________ unrestricted warfare
The U.S. ______________ _________ on the Central Powers in 1917.
President Woodrow Wilson: “The world must be made safe for ________________.”
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Was the US Justified?
Was the United States justified in entering the war? Why or why not? Read excerpts of
President Wilson’s: War Message to help form your opinion.
¾ to 1 page.
Terms to use (underline them): Unrestricted submarine warfare, Lusitania, Democracy
Effect of War on the Home FrontPage 55
Mobilizing for _______________________
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____________________back home made huge ____________________
Governments controlled industries, __________________________
____________________________ posters – support the war effort
Selective Service Act (1917) – required all men from the age of 21 to 30
to register for the ______________________________________
Food:
Americans learned to _________________ food for the soldiers.
– In order to support the troops “________________________”
were grown by people throughout the nation.
New Jobs for _________________________
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Worked in jobs traditionally held only by men, who were at the front
Women’s Wages
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Paid __________________ than men for same work
Women’s Changing Roles
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Women discovered the benefits of financial
____________________________ and greater mobility
Some refused to return to __________________________service
Women won right to _____________________ throughout Europe
Liberty Bonds-
Dear John…
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1.
Read a letter from a soldier on the war front
2.
Write a letter back to him describing what the war effort is like at home.

Things to consider: victory gardens, liberty bonds, women working in
factories, propaganda, etc…
The War Ends
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Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire were first _________ __________ to be defeated
Revolts inside Austria-Hungary and Germany helped to end the war quickly
1917 – _______________ enters the war sending millions of troops in support of the Allies –
turns the war in favor of _________________
The Paris Peace Conference
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Peace of ________________
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Peace of __________________
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Leaders of Allied and Central Powers met at the Palace of Versailles
President Wilson's 14 Points supported _______________________ for all nations and a just
peace
Italy and Britain wanted __________________
France wanted to ______________ Germany
Italy and United States left, leaving peace settlement to France and Great Britain
______________________________ was created - World peace keeping organization ,
USA did not join
Treaty of __________________ with Germany
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France and Britain created a __________ treaty that ______________ Germany
Germany had to:
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Return Alsace-Lorraine region to France
Keep area near France, called Rhineland, __________________
Pay war ______________ of 32 billion dollars, Agree to ____________________
The New Europe
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Document Analysis
Source C
1.What was the name of the treaty which ended the First World War?
2.Name 5 countries which signed this peace treaty.
3.Using Source C and your knowledge explain how the Treaty of Versailles was
meant to stop another war from happening.
*Remember a treaty is similar to a behavior contract for a whole country.
Source D
4. Which figure is supposed to be Germany?
5. Using your own knowledge describe what is supposed to be happening to
Germany in Source D.
Source E-F
6. Which part of the Treaty of Versailles caused the most problems for Germany?
Why?