Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
Prof. Dr. Manfred Berg
Curt-Engelhorn Professor of American History
Winter Term 2010/2011
The History of the United States
from Independence to Secession,
1776-1860
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
The Jeffersonian Republic
 Jefferson and Jeffersonianism
 Marbury v. Madison
 The Louisiana Purchase
 The Embargo Crisis
 The Drive toward War
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Thomas Jefferson, 1743-1826
 Principle author of the Declaration of
Independence, 1776
 U.S. Secretary of State, 1789-1793
 U.S. Vice President, 1797-1801
 U.S. President, 1801-1809
 Purchased the Louisiana Territory from
from France for $15 mio. (3 cents per
acre), 1803
 Commissioned the Louis and Clark
expedition, 1804
 Signed the Embargo Act of 1807 to
enforce U.S. neutrality
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
President Jefferson in 1800,
portrait by Rembrandt Peale
Sally Hemings, 1773-1835
 Half-sister to Thomas Jefferson’s wife,
Martha Jefferson
 Escorted the Jefferson family to Paris
where Jefferson served as Minister to
France, 1787-1789
 First public allegation of a JeffersonHemings relationship was published in
the newspaper Richmond Recorder,
1802
 Was freed shortly after Thomas
Jefferson’s death in 1826
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
John Marshall, 1755-1835
 Served in the House of Representatives, 17991800
 U.S. Secretary of State, 1800-1801
 Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, 18011835
 Longest serving Supreme Court Justice to date
 Known for principle of Judicial Review, i.e. the
power of the courts to strike down laws that
violate the U.S. Constitution
 His federalist leanings repeatedly led him to
advocate Enumerated Powers while on the
bench, i.e. the supremacy of federal law over
state law
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Marbury v. Madison, 1803
 The Constitution is Paramount Law
 Ordinary Laws must confirm to the Constitution
 Courts may declare laws void which are
repugnant to the Constitution
 Judicial Review
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
The Louisiana Purchase, 1803
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
The Lewis and Clark Expedition,
1804-1806
Meriwether Lewis (l.)
and William Clark (r.)
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
The Barbary Wars,
1801-1805, 1815
The burning of the U.S.S.
Philadelphia, 1804
Map of battles during the 1st Barbary War off the
coast of Tripoli
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Embargo Act, 1807
 No Cargoes may be shipped from U.S. ports to
foreign ports
 “Peaceable Coercion”
 Practically halted all foreign commerce by
American merchants
 Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 prohibited only
commerce with Britain and France
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
James Madison, 1751-1836
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Author of the Bill of Rights, 1789
U.S. Congressman,1789-1797
U.S. Secretary of State,1801-1809
U.S. President,1809-1817
Commander-in-Chief during the War of
1812 or “Mr. Madison’s War” as called
by opposing Federalists, 1812-1815
 Vetoed “internal improvements” bill,
arguing on grounds of states’ rights in
last act as U.S. President
 Rector of the University of Virginia,
1826-1836
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
The War Hawks
Henry Clay, “The Great
Compromiser,” 1777-1852
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
John C. Calhoun, 1782-1850
The Prophet and Tecumseh
Shawnee Chief,
Tecumseh,1768-1813
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Tenskwatawa, “The
Prophet,” 1775-1836