Table of Contents
Letter to the Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Pretest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Coached Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Posttest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
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21.
Fats, oils, and
sweets
Use sparingly
Meat, poultry,
fish, dry beans,
eggs and nuts
group
2–3 servings
Vegetable
group
3–5
servings
Fruit
group
2–4
servings
Yogurt
Grains
170 g (6 oz)
each day
Bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group
6–11 servings
Vegetables Fruits
2½ cups 1½ cups
each day each day
Source:
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Oils
PRETEST
Milk, yogurt, and
cheese group
2–3 servings
Milk
Meat
3 cups
and
each day Beans
142 g
Oils
(5 oz)
each
day
On the left is an earlier version of the food pyramid. The current version of the food pyramid is on the
right. How has the current version of the food pyramid changed when compared to the earlier version?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It promotes exercise.
It recommends more meat.
It contains serving sizes.
It recommends fewer grains.
23. Nuclear power plants provide electricity
without burning fossil fuels. Which of the
following is a negative trade-off associated
with nuclear power plants?
Number of
Bacteria (thousands)
22.
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
25
50
75
100
A. They are built in national parks.
B. They take jobs away from electrical
workers.
C. There are serious health risks associated
with nuclear waste disposal.
D. They are the most expensive way to
produce electricity.
Time (minutes)
What is the best description for the
relationship between the number of bacteria
and time in the graph above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
parabolic
inverse
directly proportional
nonlinear
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24. A molecular biologist discovers a cell mutation
that causes a specific birth defect. Which of
the following professionals would be able to
use this new information?
25. In 1928, Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming
accidentally discovered the first antibiotic
when bread mold killed his bacterial cultures.
In accordance with scientific methods of
investigation, which of the following was most
likely his next step?
A. Scientists wanted to include extinct
species.
B. Scientists made new discoveries that did
not fit the existing classification system.
C. Scientists discovered old scientific papers
that included more classifications.
D. Scientists found a way to speed the
process of evolution, necessitating
new classifications.
PRETEST
A. physician studying childhood influenza
epidemics
B. physician testing maternal blood samples
C. anthropologist studying childhood
language acquisition
D. nurse practitioner building a study of blood
pressure cuffs
27. Up until the 1960s, most biologists recognized
only two kingdoms—plants and animals.
Today many more kingdoms are recognized.
Which of the following accounts for
this change?
28.
A. publish his results and collect feedback
from other scientists
B. keep his discovery to himself
C. test the antibiotic on patients
D. test the antibiotic on animals
3%
20%
Key
= sugar molecule
26.
= water molecule
Dad
Mom
blue eyes
blue eyes
Child
blue eyes
What is the statistical likelihood represented in
the picture above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A living cell is placed in a 20 percent sugar
solution, as shown above. What structure in
the cell maintains the percentage of sugar in
the cell at only 3 percent?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cell membrane
tissue barrier
chloroplast
mitochondria
25%
50%
100%
200%
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36. What is the basic equation of cellular
respiration?
A.
B.
C.
D.
C6H12O6 ⫹ O2
energy ⫹ 6CO2 ⫹ H2O
energy ⫹ O2
C6H12O6 ⫹ CO2⫹ H2O
6CO2⫹ 6H2O ⫹ ATP
C6H12O6 ⫹ 6CO2
C6H12O6 ⫹ 6CO2 ⫹ H2O
O2 ⫹ ATP
Cellular respiration is the process by
which organisms convert food and oxygen
into energy.
38. Protein synthesis is the process by which
proteins are assembled based on the code
found in a cell’s DNA. The two main steps
in protein synthesis are transcription and
translation. What is the main goal of
transcription?
A.
B.
C.
D.
synthesize mRNA from a DNA template
synthesize tRNA from ribosomes
convert mRNA to amino acids
convert tRNA to amino acids
During transcription, floating nucleotides are
assembled based on the order of the
nitrogenous bases in the DNA.
37.
10
D
C
6
B
4
A
2
0
5
10
15
20
25
Time (days)
39. Which of the following occurrences is the
primary reason given for the endangered
status, extinction, and sometimes even mass
extinction of some species?
A.
B.
C.
D.
impact event
climate change
plate tectonics
habitat destruction
COACHED TEST
Nutritional Index
8
Cutting down forests for lumber, farming,
mining, and construction are examples of
human activities that decrease opportunities
for organisms to obtain food, water,
and shelter.
An agricultural scientist is evaluating four
medications for the ascarid parasite in
chickens. The graph shows the nutritional
index of each experimental group of chickens.
Higher values indicate higher calorie and
nutrient levels and therefore less parasite
infestation. Based on the results presented,
which of these is most likely true?
A. The parasite medication is most effective
in Group A.
B. Chickens do not benefit from parasite
medications.
C. The chickens in Group D must be the
experimental control.
D. The parasite medication is most effective
in Group D.
The group that shows the best response to
the parasitic medication would be the group
that has the highest nutritional index.
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42.
40.
Phosphate
group
Nitrogen
base
Sugar
The diagram shows a chain of molecules
made of a phosphate group, a sugar, and
a nitrogen base. Which type of organic
compound is it?
COACHED TEST
A.
B.
C.
D.
protein
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
lipid
The drawing above shows a brittle star, an
animal that lives in the marine environment.
Which term describes the body plan of the
brittle star?
A.
B.
C.
D.
asymmetry
radial symmetry
spherical symmetry
bilateral symmetry
A brittle star’s body plan is arranged around a
central point like the spokes on a wheel
rather than divided into two halves.
The arrangement of the nitrogen bases holds
the key to determining which traits are
passed down from one generation to the next.
41. A graduate student spends time in Australia,
where he studies two populations of
bowerbirds. While the two populations share
some similarities, they are no longer able to
reproduce with each other. One way in which
they differ is their mating rituals. Male satin
bowerbirds decorate their bowers (nests)
with bright blue objects to attract females.
MacGregor’s bowerbirds decorate their
bowers with bits of charcoal. Which term
describes this phenomenon?
A.
B.
C.
D.
geographic isolation
behavioral isolation
allopatric speciation
parapatric speciation
The MacGregor’s bowerbird and the satin
bowerbird live in the same area but differ in
their behaviors.
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44. Which statement below best describes the
nature of technology?
43.
Normal chromosome
A B C
A. Just as technology develops from scientific
knowledge, scientific knowledge can be
advanced through the use of technology.
B. New technology is usually not as efficient
or cost-effective as older technology.
C. The use of new technology should always
be encouraged despite high costs, risks,
and environmental impacts.
D. The benefits of using technology always
outweigh the negative impacts.
X Y Z
A team of scientists finds a link between
schizophrenia and an inversion mutation
that occurs on chromosome 1. They are
looking to continue their research by studying
more individuals who show symptoms of
schizophrenia. When compared to the
normal chromosome 1, which mutated form
of chromosome 1 might they expect these
individuals to have?
A.
B.
A C
A B B C
Science and technology are often dependent
on one another. It is also important to assess
the impact of using a new technology in
terms of positives and negatives.
X Y Z
X Y Z
45.
C.
A Y X
C B Z
D.
A B C
J K L
COACHED TEST
Whales
Fish
Krill
An inversion mutation occurs when part of a
chromosome becomes oriented in the reverse
of its usual direction.
Algae
200,000
Kcal
Ocean
Approximately how much energy is available
to the secondary consumers in this
energy pyramid?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2000 Kcal
20,000 Kcal
150,000 Kcal
200,000 Kcal
Secondary consumers are those animals
(consumers) that eat other animals
(consumers). Only about 10% of available
energy is passed from one trophic level to
the next.
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46. A scientist measures a single Escherichia coli
bacterial cell as having a length of 0.0000033
meters. How would he write this number in
scientific notation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
33 ⫻ 105
0.33 ⫻ 10⫺5
3.3 ⫻ 10⫺6
3.3 ⫻ 106
When the decimal place is to the left of the
nonzero numbers, the exponent is negative.
When the decimal place is to the right of the
nonzero numbers, the exponent is positive.
47.
I. tRNA reads the codons on the mRNA.
II. The ribosome moves along the chain of
amino acids, creating a polypeptide.
III. Amino acids attached to anticodons are
carried to the mRNA.
IV. mRNA is transcribed from DNA.
Given the information above, which is the
correct sequence for protein synthesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
I, II, III, IV
IV, II, III, I
IV, III, II, I
IV, I, III, II
COACHED TEST
The flow of the genetic information is
DNA
RNA
protein.
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