The Muse Newsletter of the Slater Memorial Museum Fall, 2012 Milton Bellin and the Federal Arts Project by Vivian F. Zoë This Fall, from September 14, 2012 to January 6, 2013, the Mattatuck Museum in Waterbury, Connecticut will present a new exhibition entitled The New Deal’s Federal Art project in Connecticut which will feature works by Milton Rockwell Bellin (1913-1997), loaned by the Slater Museum. A painter, printmaker, illustrator and muralist trained at the Yale School of Fine Arts, the New Haven-born Bellin was interested in murals early in his career and from 1936 to 1937, after graduating from Yale, assisted James Daugherty on murals for Fairfield Court, a new housing project in Stamford. In the Slater’s collection is a large body of work by Bellin, including the iconic Death of Nathan Hale (1935, gift of Thorne G. Bellin) in tempera on masonite panel on display in the Slater’s Connecticut Artists of the 20th Century. The visual reference to the martyred Jesus is strikingly evident in The Death of Nathan Hale. Michelangelo’s Florentine Pieta could have served as the compositional model for The Death of Nathan Hale. While the figures of the British soldiers appear menacing, the patriot clutching paper reflects the suppressed will of the people. An African American man, representing the most oppressed group in both the Revolutionary and Depression eras, appears to employ the utmost care in lowering the martyr’s body. The Death of Nathan Hale by Milton Bellin, egg tempera on masonite, 1935, from the collection of SMM. Milton Rockwell Bellin was a nationally renowned artist and Assistant Principal of the New York High School of Art and Design. He received a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree at the Yale University School of Fine Art and studied with Yasuo Kuniyoshi. (Continued on page 3) A Message from the Director Congratulations to our new class of Interpreters and Visitors’ Center volunteers. The graduating class held a luncheon gathering at the home of classmate Mary Edgar in June and planned their continuing studies. Graduating were: Hanni Curland, Mary Edgar, Patricia Flahive, Kerry O’Keefe, Cathy Pearson, and Beth Troeger. We are so proud and grateful to have these dedicated and well-trained museum guides. If you know of a group hoping for a great experience focusing on the best in local history and art and presented in a professional manner – please do refer them to us. In addition to the assistance of these new long-term volunteers, the Slater Museum enjoyed the involvement and efforts of college interns. Becca Marsie, of Eastern Connecticut State University, Sarah Eagan of Columbia University, Jen Kowal, of Johns Hopkins University, Maggie Edgar of Massachusetts College of Art and Design and Aimee Rich of Brigham Young University each spent some part of the summer working on collections migration, inventorying, re-housing and photography. Jen continues to work on a new iPod tour. Members of the NFA class of 2010 Corey and Brock Howe have returned to volunteer in the visitors’ center and assist with collections management. … And our stalwart, Barry Wilson sticks by us through thick and thin. UPCOMING EXHIBITIONS, PROGRAMS AND EVENTS Saturday, Sept. 8 4:00 - 7:00 pm 3:00 pm Opening reception Connecticut Women Artists. Award ceremony at 5:30 pm. Please see page 5 for more information. Rededication of William A. McCloy’s Aspirations. Wednesday, Oct. 10 5:00 to 7:00 pm lincoln exhibition opening Discussion and booksigning by scholar Frank J. Williams. More info at www.slatermuseum.org Thursday, Nov. 1 panel discussion The SMM hosts Lincoln scholars. Details TBA. Saturday, Dec. 15 5:30 pm LIVE AUCTION Remembering Paul Zimmerman, Part II. Reception and auction event. Please see page 10 for more information. The Muse is published up to four times yearly for the members of The Friends of the Slater Memorial Museum. The museum is located at 108 Crescent Street, Norwich, CT 06360. It is part of The Norwich Free Academy, 305 Broadway, Norwich, CT 06360. Museum main telephone number: (860) 887-2506. Visit us on the web at www.slatermuseum.org. Museum Director – Vivian F. Zoë Newsletter editor – Geoff Serra Contributing authors: Vivian Zoë, Leigh Thomas Photographers: Leigh Thomas, Vivian Zoë, Barry Wilson The president of the Friends of the Slater Memorial Museum: Patricia Flahive The Norwich Free Academy Board of Trustees: Steven L. Bokoff ’72, Jeremy D. Booty ‘74 Glenn T. Carberry Richard DesRoches * Lee-Ann Gomes ‘82, Treasurer Thomas M. Griffin ‘70, Secretary Thomas Hammond ‘75 Theodore N. Phillips ’74 Vice Chair Robert A. Staley ’68 David A. Whitehead ’78, Chair Sarette Williams ‘78 *Museum collections committee The Norwich Free Academy does not discriminate in its educational programs, services or employment on the basis of race, religion, gender, national origin, color, handicapping condition, age, marital status or sexual orientation. This is in accordance with Title VI, Title VII, Title IX and other civil rights or discrimination issues; Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 as amended and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1991. 2 (Continued from page 1) Office Scene, a panel depicting business education, he portrayed women students busying themselves with duties or lost in reverie. The most popular aesthetic approach to the American mural during this period was an accessible, realistic style called the American scene, also called Social Realism. It is perhaps most associated today in the work of Thomas Hart Benton. This manner of painting was encouraged by government projects such as the WPA Public Works of Art Project and the Section of Painting and Sculpture, which sponsored murals for post offices, courthouses, schools and other government properties. The style reflects democratic, open values directed toward every citizen, a social ideal closely aligned with the notions of the New Deal, according to Vassar College curator Patricia Phagan. “This was an era when national identity played an overriding role in Western culture, and especially so in American art. In the midst of a devastating depression, the identity of the nation became of overwhelming concern, especially for Roosevelt’s New Deal administration Self Portrait by Milton Bellin, egg tempera on panel, from the collection of Vassar College. Kuniyoshi was born in Okayama, Japan in 1893 and immigrated to America in 1906. He originally intended to study English and return to Japan to work as a translator. He enrolled at the Los Angeles school of Art and Design, discovering his love for the arts. Moving to new York City to pursue an art career, Kuniyoshi studied briefly at the National Academy and at the Independent School in New York City, and then studied eventually at the Art Students league, later teaching there. In 1935, Kuniyoshi was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and was made an Honorary member of the National Institute of Arts and letters. Bellin was part of an American movement of muralists in the Depression’s Workers Progress Administration (WPA). They followed the Renaissance model, making drawings of individual figures, compositional drawings and full-scale drawings for transfer to the wall (cartoons). The movement included Bellin, Thomas Hart Benton, and Ben Shahn. Bellin painted a mural for the main building (Davidson Hall) at Teachers College of Connecticut in New Britain, now known as Central Connecticut State University. As artist-in-residence at the time, he chose models for his murals from the college population, his audience. In Office Scene by Milton Bellin, study in charcoal, 1940. 3 dissolved, but it too was ineffectually. In an effort to merge art and patriotic American values, Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration in the spring of 1935 and the Federal Art Project several months later. The FAP was designed to supplement artists’ incomes, fund patriotic art projects and rally demoralized Americans. Artists wishing to be considered for the Federal Art Project were required to apply for Home Relief to confirm they were impoverished. After submitting samples of their work demonstrating that they were actively creating art and being approved, they received weekly stipends of $24 per week, the equivalent in 2012 dollars of a minimum of $320. Lobster Shack by Edith Becker, watercolor, 1945 from the collection of the SMM. with its broad work programs to aid the unemployed and re-build faith in the nation’s democratic ideals. Artists, writers, photographers, folklorists, and others employed by the federal government or working on their own documented and interpreted American life, paying special attention to distinctive cultures, traditions, and histories.” Ms. Phagan curated “For the People: American Mural Drawings of the 1930s and 1940s,” in 2007 at Vassar College’s Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center in Poughkeepsie, N.Y.. The exhibition focuse on the flowering of American mural painting. Only a few months after the Federal Art Project was announced, more than 1100 artists were working for the WPA, many in the Mural Division, including Milton Bellin, along with Stuart Davis, Jackson Pollock and Arshile Gorky. Artists competed to create murals in post offices or other government properties, and in a variety of public spaces including museums, hospitals, high schools, housing projects, colleges, music halls, even ships and nightclubs. William Ashby McCloy, Edith Stepnier Becker and Milton Bellin are artists represented in the collection of the Slater Museum whose early work reflects the era and the style. Six panels in the New London Main Post Office were painted by Thomas LaFarge for the New Deal Art Project in 1938. Titles of the maritime-themed murals include “Early Morning”, “Cutting-In” and “Aloft.” As the son and grandson of two artists, Bancel and John La Farge, respectively, and a sailor himself, Thomas LaFarge was well-suited to depict the demanding routines of whaling life. The Coast Guard later called him “an experienced seaman, well qualified to command.” Several years after completing the murals, he traveled, as many New London whalers of yore would have done, to Arctic waters. The cutter he commanded foundered in stormy weather off the eastern Canadian coast. The Coast Guard lists it in a catalogue of doomed ships: Natsek; 17 December 1942; Lost (Unknown.) Grandfather John LaFarge was a World- renowned artist in stained glass. In the mid 1930s, the United States was gripped by an intransigent global economic depression. As one in a program of economic relief efforts for citizens having trouble finding work, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration (WPA), created under Federal Project One. Later, a subdivision of the WPA called the Federal Art Project (FAP) was developed to aid some of the hardest hit, unemployed artists. Roosevelt had made earlier unsuccessful attempts to provide relief for artists, including the Public Works of Art Project (PWAP), lasting only a year, from 19331934. The Treasury Department Section of Painting and Sculpture was created in 1934 after the PWAP was 4 (Continued on page 6) Connecticut Women Artists in Converse Gallery and McCloy outside! tions was recently re-installed in memory of Bill with the support of McCloy family members Mr. and Mrs. Edward McCloy, James McCloy and Amanda and Robert Clark. William Ashby McCloy (1913-2000) studied at Phillips Andover Academy, University of Iowa and Yale University. He taught at Drake University, University of Wisconsin, University of Manitoba, and, finally, Connecticut College, where he remained for twentyfour years. Upon his death, he bequeathed literally thousands of his life’s oeuvre to the Slater Memorial Museum. His long, collegial friendship with former Slater director Joseph Gualtieri led him to create Aspirations, a core ten steel outdoor sculpture, in 1975-76 specifically for the Slater Memorial Museum grounds. Bison four by Jean Bronson Galli, watercolor, 2012. Connecticut Women Artists Inc (CWA) will present the 83rd Annual Open Juried Exhibition at the Slater Memorial Museum in Converse gallery September 1 through 28, 2012. This national exhibit features the work of many talented women artists in Connecticut and across the country. The juror for the CWA exhibition is Cathy Malloy, Connecticut’s First Lady and Chief Executive Officer of the Greater Hartford Arts Council. Ms Malloy, acting as both juror and judge for the exhibition, will assign awards for excellence on behalf of Connecticut Women Artists. About Aspirations, William McCloy wrote in 1976, “The figure is involved in three kinds of action …. Aspiration, Inspiration, and Adaptability: the first is indicated by the sense of reaching for control of the world, or for the moon, ... the second by holding out of the flowers, a response to beauty … and the third by the spear-like form …. The fact that the sculpture is on a pedestal is an acceptance of the continuing validity of traditional attitudes about man’s potential, his ability to transcend the mundane and material.” Connecticut Women Artists will host an Opening Reception on Saturday, September 8th, from 4:00 to 7:00 pm, in the Converse Art Gallery. Prizes will be awarded at 5:30. The event is free and open to the public. With a membership of over 200 artists, Connecticut Women Artists has supported and promoted women in the visual arts for over 80 years. Sparked by the 1929 landmark exhibition of 13 women artists at the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, CWA has continued to promote annual exhibitions showcasing an array of works including drawings, paintings, sculpture, printmaking, photography, fiber arts, and illustration. All women artists residing in Connecticut are eligible to become members after being accepted in two Open Juried Exhibitions or by Portfolio Review. Re-dedication attendees are invited to the reception in Converse Gallery immediately following. The CWA reception will be preceded at 3:00 p.m. by a re-dedication of Aspirations , a core-10 steel sculpture (1976) by William Ashby McCloy. De-installed and placed in storage during the site work and grading to improve utilities and drainage issues in 2010, Aspira- Aspirations: Growth Through Education by William Ashby McCloy, core-ten steel, 1976. 5 (Continued from page 4) In 1984 he retired to Palm Harbor, Florida. Although he was already seventy years old he continued to paint commercially, and sometimes commuted to New York to pick up and deliver jobs for General Foods in White Plains. Work on his fine art actually increased in Florida since his new home had a studio large enough to hold his very large paintings. Taking up Arms - 1776 by George Kanelous, 1940, mural at the Norwich, CT Post Office. George worked until the end of his life. His last painting was finished just weeks before he passed away. Ironically, he had named the painting “Gateway to Heaven”. This painting along with a mural was commissioned by the Holiday Inn UCF in Orlando. The mural can be found behind the check-in counters. George passed away in February 1998. In Norwich’s Main Post Office, “Taking Up Arms-1776” was painted in 1940 by George Kanelous. A contemporary of Milton Bellin, Kanelous was born in 1915 in Uruguay, of Greek parents and came to the United States in 1918. He attended New Utrecht High School in Brooklyn, New York and won a scholarship sponsored by the Art Students League. Like Bellin, Kanelous studied with Yasuo Kuniyoshi and worked under noted muralist James Daugherty. Kuniyoshi recommended Kanelous for a further scholarship to study under him. After graduation, George joined the W.P.A. when he painted the mural in Norwich. In 1958-59, he painted a 60’ x 12’ mural for Baldwin High School which was later featured in Time magazine. In the early 20th century, murals were most commonly painted in oil on canvas or in the manner of fresco; tempera on raw plaster. In the manner of Renaissance muralists, Bellin started Office Scene with a cartoon. Following an academic process, artists made several preparatory drawings in graphite or charcoal. These would include sketches of individual figures from life as well as compositional experiments. At the college, Bellin prepared linen with white shellac, traced his cartoons onto the primed fabric, painted the traced lines with black and white tempera and finally applied color with oil paints. In later years these paintings were removed and some were lost. In the five-panel series, Bellin celebrated education as a life-long endeavor. His salary for painting the murals was paid by the WPA’s Federal Art Project with funds for costs of supplies and installation raised from alumni and the community. In the late 196Os and early 1970s, he had several one-man shows at the Phoenix Gallery in New York City. His shows were so successful that he was elected president of the gallery. Most of his paintings sold at these shows are now in private collections, and there is no record of what they looked like or who owns them. Any help in identifying these would be appreciated by the family. Although he worked for many years on his paintings, most will never be seen by anyone. Being a perfectionist he was never happy with many of his paintings, and as a result he would create a new painting on top of the previous one. This habit resulted in few paintings to show for his decades of work. The painting, Charging Bull Elephant, was an example of his devotion to detail. The dust being kicked up by the charging bull’s foot had to be brushed on. This never looked right in his mind, and to change this meant the legs and feet needed to be repainted before a new dust could be applied. He repainted the legs and feet no less than six times until he was happy with the dust. Charging Bull Elephant by George Kanelous, acrylic on canvas 6 the female office worker or sop girl, the FAP artists placed African Americans realistically into the scene. Milton Bellin’s death of Nathan hale exemplifies this phenomenon. By 1940, the WPA instituted a rule stipulating that artists be rotated. They were laid off for at least one month after 18 consecutive months of service with the Federal Art Project. By June 30, 1943, the Federal Art Project disbanded and ceased providing funds of any kind to artists. Nearly 200,000 artworks were created under the Federal Art Project, many of which have since become lost or were destroyed and in December 1943, the government auctioned off thousands of WPA-funded paintings. From a warehouse in Queens, paintings were sold by the pound and buyers in some cases acquired works that would become worth a fortune for a few dollars. Among those sold were paintings by Milton Avery, Mark Rothko and Jackson Pollock, all worth millions today. Goin Home by Thomas Hart Benton, 1929 During the Great Depression, formerly wealthy collectors and patrons stopped buying art and sponsoring the careers of artists. Galleries went out of business. Artists, seeking common ground, produced paintings, drawings, murals and prints in which urban and industrial scenes coexist with images of the land, suggesting connections between working people. The FAP encouraged this pluralistic approach. At this time, artists, writers, musicians, actors, photographers, filmmakers, folklorists, and others employed by the federal government documented or interpreted American life and its regional cultures, traditions, and histories. Their goals included creating and celebrating a particular American image eschewing movements taking hold in Europe after the First World War like cubism and DaDaism. Bellin’s Backyards (o/c, n.d.), Esso Truck & Tanks (H2O, n.d.), Dusk Parked Cars (H2, 1939) exhibit the same consummate draftsmanship, expert material handling and affection for the prosaic. In these three, he sings the inherent beauty of the everyday in midCentury America Milton Bellin left works valued at the time in excess of $30,000 to CCSU (2000), a fund to Vassar for acquisitions and scholarship funds to Emerson College. Bellin’s technique, in egg tempera on panel and ink and gouache on paper respectively, was characterized by meticulous attention to detail and perfection of surface. The audience toward which this work was directed was invariably the common man and the artists strived to make their work fully accessible. Nevertheless, the work’s Regionalist style was sometimes faulted for being too interpretive rather than strictly academic. Its reassuring images of the American heartland, as seen in the work of Thomas Hart Benton and the early work of William Ashby McCloy were viewed by critics as too literal, concrete and even “rural.” When the Depression and World War II finally ended, indeed, Abstract Expressionism flooded the American art scene. The Regionalist vision of America included many powerful depictions of the African American experience as in John Steuart Curry’s Manhunt, a variation on a 1931 painting of the same title, which shows a lynch mob in Kansas. Along with the common white male farm, factory or construction worker, Dusk (Cars parked on street with houses) by Milton Bellin, watercolor, 1939, collection of the SMM. 7 Lincoln: The Constitution and the Civil War Abraham Lincoln was elected the sixteenth President of the United States in 1860, at a time when the nation was falling apart. By the time he took the oath of office, seven states had already seceded from the Union. The exhibition vividly evokes Lincoln’s struggle to resolve the basic questions that divided Americans at the most perilous moment in the nation’s history: Was the United States truly one nation, or was it a confederacy of sovereign and separate states? How could a country founded on the belief that “all men are created equal” tolerate slavery? In a national crisis, would civil liberties be secure? The Slater Memorial Museum will bring a new traveling exhibition to Norwich from the American Library Association (ALA) Public Programs Office, in collaboration with the National Constitution Center (NCC) in Philadelphia . “Lincoln: The Constitution and the Civil War” will run October 10 through November 30, 2012. The exhibition is funded by a major grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) to the National Constitution Center. Using the Constitution as the cohesive thread, “Lincoln: The Constitution and the Civil War” offers a fresh and innovative perspective on Lincoln that focuses on his struggle to meet the political and constitutional challenges of the Civil War. Organized thematically, the exhibition explores how Lincoln used the Constitution to confront three intertwined crises of the war—the secession of Southern states, slavery, and wartime civil liberties. Visitors will leave the exhibition with a more complete understanding of Abraham Lincoln as president and the Civil War as the nation’s gravest constitutional crisis. The National Constitution Center is one of the nation’s most exciting new museums and a leading provider of constitutionally themed education programs. Created through the Constitution Heritage Act of 1988, the NCC addresses the need to better educate Americans about their Constitution and citizenship rights and responsibilities. Its mission is to increase public understanding of, and appreciation for, the Constitution, its history, The exhibition will open with a reception at 5:00 p.m. in Converse Gallery, immediately followed by a panel discussion of noted Lincoln scholars led by the Hon. Frank Williams, Chief Justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court (ret.) at 7:00 p.m. in Slater Auditorium. The exhibition and the panel discussion will focus on five themes: The Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis: In 1861 the issue of slavery precipitated a national crisis framed largely in terms of constitutional issues. The framers of the Constitution had left unanswered some basic questions about the nature of the federal Union they had created: Was the United States truly one nation, or was it a confederacy of sovereign and separate states? How could a country founded on the belief that “all men are created equal” tolerate slavery? In a national crisis, would civil liberties be secure? By 1860, these unresolved questions had become ticking time bombs, ready to explode. Abraham Lincoln’s election as the nation’s first anti-slavery president brought the nation to the brink of war. Lincoln used the tools the Constitution gave him to confront three intertwined issues of the Civil War—the secession of Southern states, slavery and wartime civil liberties. President Abraham Lincoln, Washington D.C., November 8, 1863. Image Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division 8 had to end. The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 served to abolish slavery in the United States. Civil Liberties: Lincoln claimed extraordinary powers in order to control the chaos of dissent during the Civil War. He suspended the writ of habeas corpus— the provision in the Constitution that protects citizens against arbitrary arrests. By 1863, thousands of civilians had been detained, mostly suspected draft dodgers and deserters and Confederate sympathizers in the Border States and the South. For these actions, Lincoln was denounced as a tyrant by his political foes. He struggled throughout the war to find the appropriate balance between national security and individual rights. Secession vs. Union illustration, Harper’s Weekly, 1863. Image Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division Legacy: Lincoln’s fight to save the Union transformed the nation and the Constitution. Lincoln’s presidency left a legacy of ideals for our nation to live up to—equality, freedom and democracy. The powerful words of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address sought to transmit these ideals into future generations. The exhibition ends by asking visitors whether we as a nation have been faithful to this legacy. Secession: By the time Lincoln took the constitutional oath of office as president, seven states had already seceded from the Union. Four more soon followed. Southern secessionists believed they had the right to withdraw their states’ ratification of the Constitution and dissolve their connection to the Union. Northerners, however, rejected this idea of “state sovereignty.” They believed that when the Constitution was ratified, a united people had established an indivisible nation. Lincoln believed that state secession was unconstitutional and undemocratic. At Lincoln’s inauguration, he promised that the government would not attack the South if the Union was not attacked. But he also warned that he had taken a solemn oath to “preserve, protect and defend” the Constitution. What Southerners heard that day were not words of moderation but a declaration of war. In conjunction with the Edwin H. Land Library of NFA and the Norwich The Emancipation Proclamation Commemoration Committee, with additional funding from the Connecticut Humanities Council, the exhibition will be combined with the New London County Historical Society’s exhibition From Slavery to Freedom and Lincolnalia from the Slater’s permanent collection. Slavery: Lincoln is widely acknowledged as one of America’s greatest presidents, but he was a controversial figure in his day and his historical reputation is contested today. Lincoln believed that slavery was immoral, but he shared many of the racial prejudices of his day. His policy preferences about slavery and abolition evolved over time. For much of his political career he favored gradual, compensated abolition of slavery and the colonization of freed slaves in South America or Africa. In the crucible of the Civil War, he came to believe that for the nation to survive, slavery 9 Abraham Lincoln (center of photo) delivering his second inaugural address as President of the United States, Washington, D.C., March 4, 1865. Image Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division Join us as we celebrate the work of Paul Zimmerman On view December 7 - December 15, 2012 Paul Zimmerman, a prolific Hartford artist whose numerous landscape paintings are fantasies of every season; the work is exuberant approachable and engaging, drawing the viewer ever closer. Still Life with Bottles and Fruit by Paul Zimmerman, oil on masonite, n.d. Please join us for a special live auction event! Saturday, December 15, 2012 5:30 pm Gallery opens for preview. 6:30 pm Hors d’oeuvres served. 7:30 pm Silent Auction closes. 7:30 pm - 8:30 pm Live Auction of select Zimm- erman paintings. Silent Auction of original Zimmerman works begins December 7, 2012. Live Auction ticket price: $35 non-member / $30 members Advance purchase price: $25 non-member / $20 members Advanced tickets must be ordered by Monday, December 10. Please call (860) 425-5563 to order by phone. CHANGE SERVICE REQUESTED
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