‘Not Just a Small Place’
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey
Final Report, June 2012
By Susan Arthure
Student in the Graduate Archaeology Program, Flinders University
30 June 2012
Report prepared for:
Dr Alice Gorman, Archaeology Department, Flinders University, and
Anita McDonald, Cultural Heritage Officer, City of Marion
This report has been produced as part of the assessment for ARCH8404: Directed Study in
Archaeology, a graduate topic in the Department of Archaeology, Flinders University.
Contents
Contents ......................................................................................................................................... ii
List of figures ................................................................................................................................. iv
List of tables ................................................................................................................................... v
Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... vi
1
Executive summary ..................................................................................................................... 1
Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 2
2
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 3
2.1
Overview of City of Marion ............................................................................................................. 3
Neighbouring councils .................................................................................................................... 4
Council boundaries ........................................................................................................................ 5
Alignment with other plans ............................................................................................................. 6
3
Marion’s history and heritage in the literature .......................................................................... 7
3.1
City of Marion historical overview .................................................................................................. 7
3.2
Previous heritage studies ............................................................................................................... 8
3.3
Cultural heritage, tangible and intangible....................................................................................... 8
3.4
Using surveys to collect heritage information ................................................................................ 9
4
Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 10
4.1
Survey objective ........................................................................................................................... 10
4.2
Survey design .............................................................................................................................. 10
Question design ........................................................................................................................... 10
Internet access ............................................................................................................................. 11
4.3
Distribution methods .................................................................................................................... 12
4.4
Sampling method ......................................................................................................................... 12
4.5
Survey questions .......................................................................................................................... 13
Welcome screen .......................................................................................................................... 13
‘About you’ section ....................................................................................................................... 13
‘People, places and things’ section .............................................................................................. 16
‘Traditions and customs’ section .................................................................................................. 17
‘Sharing your story’ section .......................................................................................................... 19
Closing screen ............................................................................................................................. 21
4.6
Survey marketing ......................................................................................................................... 21
4.7
Analysing the survey data ............................................................................................................ 22
Data cleaning ............................................................................................................................... 22
4.8
Maps of Marion’s heritage places ................................................................................................ 24
4.9
Photographs ................................................................................................................................. 24
4.10 Limitations .................................................................................................................................... 24
5
Results ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page ii
5.1
Question 1: Place of birth ............................................................................................................. 25
5.2
Question 2: Age range ................................................................................................................. 27
5.3
Question 3: Decision to live in the area ....................................................................................... 28
5.4
Question 4: Length of time in the area ......................................................................................... 30
5.5
Question 5: Visits to cultural centres or attractions ...................................................................... 31
5.6
Question 6: Importance of place, person, object or story ............................................................ 33
5.7
Question 7: Importance of a local but little known place, person, object or story ........................ 36
5.8
Question 8: Places associated with particular emotions or feelings ............................................ 38
5.9
Question 9: Sounds and smells associated with living in Marion ................................................ 42
5.10 Question 10: Important traditions or customs practised by your family ....................................... 45
5.11 Question 11: Contemporary things, stories, places or activities that are important to record ..... 47
5.12 Question 12: Traditions, stories or things in danger of being lost ................................................ 48
5.13 Question 13: Your skills or traditional practices ........................................................................... 49
5.14 Question 14: Items of personal heritage for contribution to a local cultural heritage database ... 50
5.15 Question 15: Marion cultural heritage that is important to others ................................................ 50
5.16 Question 16: Interest in sharing family history or cultural heritage .............................................. 51
5.17 Question 17: Interest in involvement in workshops ..................................................................... 51
5.18 Question 18: Opportunity to register for more information ........................................................... 52
6
Discussion .................................................................................................................................. 53
6.1
Demographic patterns .................................................................................................................. 53
Age range of sample group .......................................................................................................... 53
Overseas-born respondents......................................................................................................... 54
Internet access and older people ................................................................................................. 55
6.2
Emerging themes ......................................................................................................................... 56
Official and unofficial heritage ...................................................................................................... 56
Interpreting intangible heritage .................................................................................................... 57
Cultural mapping .......................................................................................................................... 58
Significance of public art .............................................................................................................. 60
Missing elements ......................................................................................................................... 62
6.3
Conclusion and recommendations ............................................................................................... 63
Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 64
7
References .................................................................................................................................. 67
8
Appendix 1: Survey advert in Messenger Press ..................................................................... 70
9
Appendix 2: Cultural Heritage Survey printed version .......................................................... 71
10
Appendix 3: Cultural Heritage Survey online version ............................................................ 75
11
Appendix 4: Photographic recording form .............................................................................. 81
12
Appendix 5: Maps showing Marion’s heritage places ........................................................... 83
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page iii
List of figures
Figure 1: City of Marion and neighbouring councils (City of Marion 2007b) ............................................4
Figure 2: Council boundaries (City of Marion 2007a)...............................................................................5
Figure 3: Survey welcome screen ......................................................................................................... 13
Figure 4: Question 1 .............................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 5: Question 2 .............................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 6: Question 3 .............................................................................................................................. 15
Figure 7: Question 4 .............................................................................................................................. 15
Figure 8: Question 5 .............................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 9: Question 6 .............................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 10: Question 7 ............................................................................................................................ 16
Figure 11: Question 8 ............................................................................................................................ 17
Figure 12: Question 9 ............................................................................................................................ 17
Figure 13: Question 10 .......................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 14: Question 11 .......................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 15: Question 12 .......................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 16: Question 13 .......................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 17: Question 14 .......................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 18: Question 15 .......................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 19: Question 16 .......................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 20: Question 17 .......................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 21: Question 18 .......................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 22: Closing screen ..................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 23: City of Marion new website .................................................................................................. 22
Figure 24: Inconsistencies discovered during data cleaning ................................................................ 23
Figure 25: Place of birth ........................................................................................................................ 25
Figure 26: Born interstate ...................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 27: Born overseas ...................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 28: Age of respondents .............................................................................................................. 27
Figure 29: Decision to live in the area ................................................................................................... 28
Figure 30: Length of time living in the Marion area ............................................................................... 30
Figure 31: Number of years living in the Marion area ........................................................................... 31
Figure 32: Visits to cultural centres or attractions ................................................................................. 31
Figure 33: Important places, persons or stories .................................................................................... 33
Figure 34: Places .................................................................................................................................. 33
Figure 35: Little known places, persons or stories ................................................................................ 36
Figure 36: Places associated with emotions or feelings ....................................................................... 38
Figure 37: Emotions and feelings associated with places .................................................................... 38
Figure 38: Places associated with sounds or smells............................................................................. 42
Figure 39: Sounds ................................................................................................................................. 43
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page iv
Figure 40: Smells................................................................................................................................... 43
Figure 41: Age ranges for respondents who provided email contact details ........................................ 55
Figure 42: Parish map (England in Particular n.d.(b)) ........................................................................... 58
Figure 43: An ABC of Bicester (England in Particular n.d.(a)) .............................................................. 58
Figure 44: Wangaratta Digital Quilt home page (Rural City of Wangaratta n.d.) .................................. 59
Figure 45: How the digital quilt films are introduced to the user (Rural City of Wangaratta n.d.) ......... 60
Figure 46: Contemplation. Photo: Susan Arthure ................................................................................. 61
Figure 47: Little Marion Pondering. Photo: Susan Arthure ................................................................... 61
Figure 48: Little Marion Skipping, with ribbons in her hair. Photo: Susan Arthure ................................ 62
Figure 49: Black Caviar graffiti. Photo: Susan Arthure ......................................................................... 63
List of tables
Table 1: Reasons for living in the City of Marion area .......................................................................... 29
Table 2: Important places, persons and stories .................................................................................... 35
Table 3: Important but little known places, persons and stories ........................................................... 37
Table 4: Places associated with particular emotions of feelings ........................................................... 42
Table 5: Sounds and smells associated with living in Marion ............................................................... 45
Table 6: Important traditions or customs practised by families ............................................................. 46
Table 7: Contemporary stories, places and activities............................................................................ 47
Table 8: Traditions, stories or things in danger of being lost ................................................................ 49
Table 9: Marion cultural heritage that is important to others ................................................................. 51
Table 10: Overseas-born – correlation between age and length of time in Marion .............................. 54
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page v
Acknowledgements
I would like to acknowledge and thank the following people:

Dr Alice Gorman, Flinders University Archaeology Department who guided this project astutely
and skillfully

Anita McDonald, Cultural Heritage Officer at City of Marion, who provided this opportunity to
work on the Cultural Heritage Survey, and generously shared her extensive knowledge and
cultural heritage expertise

Participants in the City of Marion Living Memories workshop, who shared their memories of
growing up in Marion, providing a very real backdrop to the Cultural Heritage Survey data

The survey respondent who provided the report title ‘Not Just a Small Place’ when they
described Marion as ‘A part of Adelaide and Australia. Not just a small place’
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page vi
1 Executive summary
This report analyses the results of a Cultural Heritage Survey undertaken jointly by Flinders
University and the City of Marion between March and May 2012.
The survey aimed to collect baseline data about Marion’s cultural heritage, both tangible and
intangible, with a particular focus on capturing stories of everyday rituals, important places, social
practices and significant events. It was targeted at all City of Marion residents, and made available
online via the well recognised online survey tool SurveyMonkey, and in printed form at key locations.
The data analysis in this report is based on responses to the 60 questionnaires received.
Overall, the survey provided a wealth of information about the Marion community’s living cultural
heritage. Places considered important by the survey sample group often overlapped with heritage
places that are recognised officially eg Annie Doolan’s Cottage, St Ann’s Church, Hallett Cove
Conservation Park. However, the survey responses revealed a wider view of places that are important
to local people, than is apparent from the official lists of Local Heritage Places and the SA Heritage
Register. For example, whilst buildings in the Marion Historic Village were noted in the survey, the
remnant almond orchard in the village was also cited. The Sturt River featured in many survey
comments, with the following places being cited as important – river red gums, scar trees, the bike
track, history of flooding prior to the drainage scheme, the concrete drain, natural parts of the river,
bridges, the wetlands, quiet and dense vegetation, connection with the Kaurna people, sound of the
river flowing. Contemporary places, such as the Westfield Marion Shopping Centre, were also named,
demonstrating how heritage is evolving.
When it came to measuring intangible values like sounds and smells, responses were wide-ranging.
Natural smells like gardens, roses, gum leaves and the ocean were associated with current
experiences such as relaxing, the Australian lifestyle and going to the beach. Most of the sounds
mentioned were present-day ones such as traffic, sirens, children playing, birdsong and the wind in the
trees. People’s homes, perhaps unsurprisingly, were strongly associated with emotions and feelings.
Homes were described as connected with mainly positive emotions such as safety, comfort,
belonging, close community, and fun times.
Based on the survey findings, several heritage strategies can be developed and implemented. They
will be most relevant if they focus on two areas:

The ordinary, everyday, domestic lives of Marion people eg celebrating and remembering
places like the home, children’s playgrounds, local parks and reserves, the remnant almond
orchards, Marion Shopping Centre

Crossover points where professional expertise and public opinion meet eg Marion Historic
Village, Warriparinga and the Living Kaurna Cultural Centre, Hallett Cove Conservation Park,
the Sturt River
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 1
Recommendations
Recommendations aligned with these focus areas are outlined below:
1. Use the survey data results as a focus point for exploring ways to record, preserve, interpret and
promote socially significant cultural heritage in the City of Marion. Examples include:

A cultural mapping project to capture snapshots of everyday life and memories and develop
outcomes such as a community or cultural map, a digital quilt, digital stories, public artwork

Oral history project focusing on the home and domestic objects, capturing the domestic stories
and lives of women, children and men across generations

Interpretive signage along the Sturt River, with technology such as QR codes used to provide
additional detail eg by linking the user to web content, digital stories, or audio files offering a
cultural soundscape of voices or natural sounds

Plantings of almonds and the Marion citradora lemon scented gum, which help bring Marion’s
past into the contemporary world

Remembering the ordinary people who have been important in Marion eg the man who kept
the Marion clifftop walk tidy and freshly planted, the woman who puts fresh ribbons in the hair
of the Little Marion sculptures
2. Continue to involve and engage community members in heritage management across the Marion
Council area, including those respondents who left their contact details in the survey and an
indication of how they would like to be involved in the future
3. Use the internet as a widely available, cost-effective resource to engage the community. Strategies
include using the Marion Matters community consultation website, making this report publicly
available on the Flinders University or City of Marion websites, posting heritage related updates on
the City of Marion facebook page
4. Hosting an antiques roadshow event as part of the next Marion Celebrates Festival, with the aim of
identifying meaningful local objects
5. Heritage research projects in conjunction with Flinders University Archaeology Department, with
two potential projects as a direct result of this study: research relating to the Marion almond
orchards and a study of Patritti Wines to record their impact and significance in the Marion cultural
landscape
6. Further analysis or research relating to this survey data eg following up more of the stories,
persons and places mentioned in the survey; investigating heritage in the southern area of the
Marion council
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 2
2 Introduction
This report focuses on one part of a larger project called the City of Marion Cultural Heritage Baseline
Data Project, which has two aims:

Collect baseline data about cultural heritage in the Marion Council area, resulting in a deeper
understanding of Marion’s heritage, and using it to inform development of the Council’s
cultural heritage policies and management plans

Establish a process for engaging graduate students from Flinders University Archaeology
Department in undertaking directed studies projects
A joint undertaking between Flinders University and City of Marion, the project is using graduate
students from the Flinders University Archaeology Department, in consultation with City of Marion
staff, to identify and assess the significance of local cultural heritage assets using a combination of
community survey and workshops to collect the data.
Supporting the project are the Project Sponsor, Dr Alice Gorman, Flinders University Archaeology
Department, and the Project Manager, Anita McDonald, Cultural Heritage Officer at the City of Marion.
This report analyses one specific element of the project – a Cultural Heritage Survey undertaken
between March and May 2012. The survey was designed to focus on the community’s living heritage,
the ordinary and everyday practices, traditions and experiences, in contrast to the SA Heritage
Register with its emphasis on the built environment. Specifically, the survey aimed to identify baseline
data about:

Cultural heritage assets in the Marion area eg places, people, stories

Key social significance themes ie what the community feels strongly about
The survey results will be used to develop strategies for managing heritage assets, including
collaborative approaches for ensuring representation across the community.
2.1 Overview of City of Marion
The City of Marion is one of the larger metropolitan councils in South Australia, with a population of
about 85,000, and covering an area of about 55 kilometres square. It is located 10 kilometres south of
Adelaide, and stretches from the tramline at Glandore to the coastal suburb of Hallett Cove (City of
Marion 2012a). See Figure 1 and Figure 2.
The area has a diverse mix of housing and industry, with significant recent population growth in the
southern communities of Hallett Cove and Sheidow Park. It is home to the Living Kaurna Cultural
Centre, the Marion Cultural Centre, Westfield Marion Shopping Centre and the new State Aquatic
Centre. The landscape includes hundreds of hectares of open space and bush land, and seven
kilometres of coastline including the state heritage listed geological site at Hallett Cove.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 3
Neighbouring councils
The map below (Figure 1) shows the City of Marion in relation to neighbouring councils in inner
metropolitan Adelaide. The City of Adelaide is shown in yellow to the north east of Marion.
Figure 1: City of Marion and neighbouring councils (City of Marion 2007b)
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 4
Council boundaries
The extent of the City of Marion boundaries are shown in the map below.
Figure 2: Council boundaries (City of Marion 2007a)
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 5
Alignment with other plans
City of Marion Strategic Plan 2010-2020
The City of Marion Strategic Plan 2012-2020 guides the city’s development, using a vision that
encompasses four themes: Community Wellbeing, Cultural Vitality, Dynamic Economy and Healthy
Environment (City of Marion 2010a:5).
This project aligns with three strategic directions outlined under the Cultural Vitality theme:

CV2 Embracing diverse cultures and communities

CV3 Expressions of identity and belonging

CV4 Preservation of our heritage, valuing the past and planning for the future
City of Marion Cultural Heritage Framework and Action Plan
The City of Marion Cultural Heritage Framework assists the Council to determine cultural heritage
priorities and strategies (City of Marion 2011b). The Cultural Heritage Action Plan is a four year action
plan that lists the activities arising as a result of the framework (City of Marion 2011a).
This project aligns with the direction of the framework and plan, which focus on Cultural Vitality theme
4 (CV4), and specifically:

CV4.1 Develop opportunities to record, preserve, manage and interpret our diverse heritage

CV4.2 Foster a culture that plans for the future and values the needs of future generations
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 6
3 Marion’s history and heritage in the literature
This literature review covers specific areas related to the Marion Cultural Heritage Survey including an
historical background of the City of Marion that focuses on changes and places identified in the
survey, a summary of previous heritage studies, an overview of tangible and intangible cultural
heritage, and an outline on using surveys as a tool for collecting heritage information.
3.1
City of Marion historical overview
The original plan for the Village of Marion was laid out by Colonel Light and his survey party in
November 1838, just two years after the start of European settlement in South Australia (Dolling
1981:8). At this time, the region was already inhabited by the Indigenous Kaurna people, who called
the area around the Sturt River ‘Warriparri’ or ‘Warreparinga’, meaning ‘windy place by a creek’
(Dolling 1981:3). The early years of European settlement were dominated by agriculture and
horticulture. Grapes were grown extensively right up until the 1950s, when they gave way to urban
expansion (Dolling 1981:56). Almonds were also grown, both as orchards and as windbreaks, and
almond blossom tours organised by the Tourist Bureau were frequent winter outings from about 1934
to 1955 (Dolling 1981:160,168).
In the post-war period, the Marion population grew quickly. Almost 11,000 people were counted in the
1947 Census, but by the 1966 Census this had increased to almost 67,000, making Marion one of the
fastest growing suburban cities in the country (Donley 2001:15-16). Acute housing shortages were
alleviated to some degree by the Housing Trust, which constructed hundreds of houses locally,
‘trading off vines for houses’ (Donley 2001:27). With the expansion of housing and the loss of
agricultural land, the common winter flooding of the Sturt River worsened, and this led to the
establishment of the South Western Suburbs Drainage Scheme. This scheme was completed in 1976,
and was responsible for deepening and realigning the river, and for lining the channel with concrete; it
resolved the flooding but at a cost, both financially and environmentally (Donley 2001:100-105).
The 1980s saw the development or expansion of three major shopping centres – at Edwardstown,
Hallett Cove and Westfield Marion Shopping Centre – which offered the convenience of co-located
shopping and greater employment opportunities, but at the expense of the smaller and less
competitive neighbourhood shopping strips (Donley 2001:196-201).
Today, the City of Marion has a population of about 85,000, with the southern suburbs of Hallett Cove
and Sheidow Park experiencing significant growth, and recent migrants coming from countries such as
the United Kingdom, India, China, the Philippines and the eastern countries of Africa (City of Marion
2012a).
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 7
3.2
Previous heritage studies
A heritage survey of the City of Marion was carried out in 1990, with the aim of identifying tangible
items of heritage significance (Donovan and Associates 1990). It listed items already included on the
SA Heritage Register, recommended other items for inclusion on the Register, and listed other items
of horticultural, natural or heritage significance. Several of the recommended items were later listed on
the SA Heritage Register, including the grandstand at Morphettville Racecourse (in 1994), the former
Windana remand home at Glandore (1994), Hallett Bridge at O’Halloran Hill (1993), Christ Church
Anglican Church on Main South Road (1998), and Wattiparinga Vineyard at Clovelly Park (1990)
(DPTI 2012).
In 1998, an Aboriginal heritage study of the Warriparinga area was carried out. Warriparinga is a
triangle of land bordered by Sturt, Marion and South Roads. It includes Fairford House and grounds,
and was listed on the SA Heritage Register in 1992 (DPTI 2012). The report concluded that the
Warriparinga site has both scientific and social cultural significance, particularly to the Kaurna people
(Wood 1998). It also refers to a number of previous archaeological surveys carried out in the
surrounding areas in 1964, 1972 and 1994.
3.3
Cultural heritage, tangible and intangible
The City of Marion’s cultural plan from 2005-2010 focused on culture in its broadest sense rather than
‘cultural heritage’ specifically, with frequent references to culture and the arts. However, it did offer a
definition of cultural heritage as encompassing ‘a community's evolving history, both oral and material’
referring ‘not only to the past but also to aspects of present day life’ (Stiles et al n.d.:48).
The Burra Charter (1999), which is accepted as the standard for conservation practice in Australia,
describes cultural significance as synonymous with cultural heritage value, and defines it as meaning
‘aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or future generations’ (MarquisKyle and Walker 2004:11). Places that have cultural significance can hold one or more of these
values. ‘Aesthetic value’ is of particular interest in this survey, which specifically set out to explore the
community’s living heritage of traditions and social practices, not just the history and buildings. The
criteria for assessing the aesthetic value of a place include evaluation of sensory perception (sight,
touch, sound, taste and smell) and can include, for example, consideration of the smells, sounds and
feelings associated with a place (Marquis-Kyle and Walker 2004:80). In this survey, questions were
structured to elicit information about the emotions and feelings, smells and sounds associated with
places in Marion, with respondents also being asked to record their traditions, customs, stories and
everyday practices.
Aesthetic value, by its nature, is often intangible. Schofield and Szymanski (2011) consider this
intangible nature when discussing local-ness and the things that are considered special. They write
that ordinary, everyday places can have deep local significance, which may be intangible, with smells
making objects and places distinctive and easier to remember, sounds evoking spatial impressions,
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 8
and even taste being closely related to place, for example in local culinary traditions (Schofield and
Szymanski 2011:2-3).
Similarly, Clifford, writing about local distinctiveness, states that it is not the buildings or natural
features per se that define cultural significance, ‘but a messy mingling of things tangible and
intangible, fixed and transient, big and small, ordinary and special’ (Clifford 2011:14).
The City of Marion’s Cultural Heritage Framework recognises that cultural heritage can be moveable
and immovable, tangible and intangible. It can include buildings and infrastructure, Aboriginal heritage,
beliefs and customs, local and family histories, migration patterns, collected objects, and cultural
tourism (City of Marion 2011b:6).
3.4
Using surveys to collect heritage information
A report in 2011 by a Flinders University student investigated community-based questionnaires in
heritage management (McEgan 2011). McEgan noted that questionnaires about community attitudes
to heritage management are not common, although the New South Wales state government has
produced guidelines for community-based heritage surveys aimed mainly at local government and
advocating community involvement (McEgan 2011:8). Two councils in New South Wales have
conducted questionnaires using these guidelines, with both asking local residents to name places they
consider important as local heritage (McEgan 2011:9). These examples helped to inform the
development of the Marion Cultural Heritage Survey. McEgan concluded that providing the
questionnaire in at least two formats (eg online, postal) would allow the broadest number of
community members to be involved (McEgan 2011:28).
Another 2011 report by a Flinders University student examined community consultation strategies as
they might apply to heritage projects in the City of Marion (Lightfoot 2011). Lightfoot concluded that
community consultation is critical for effective local heritage management and that the strategy used
for any consultation will depend on the Council’s aims for that particular project (Lightfoot 2011:27).
The Marion Cultural Heritage Survey aimed to collect baseline data, using a survey as the strategy for
achieving this. Essentially, a survey ‘is a system for collecting information’ (Sue and Ritter 2007:1).
Carrying out a heritage survey is one way of determining the things, places, people or stories that are
valued by a community. Conducting it online has several advantages, including that online surveys are
relatively inexpensive to carry out, and that their non-response rate is lower or similar to the rate in
mail surveys (Sue and Ritter 2007:8). Although there is a risk of missing people who are not internet
connected, research indicates that where a questionnaire has many open-ended questions
‘respondents provide longer, and often more valid, answers in online surveys than on paper
questionnaires’ (Sue and Ritter 2007:151). Out of the 18 questions in the Marion survey, ten were
open-ended.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 9
4 Methodology
The Cultural Heritage Survey aligns with the City of Marion’s Community Consultation and
Engagement Policy, which is about getting the community involved in decision making processes.
Marion follows the IAP2 framework which includes five possible levels of community engagement –
Inform, Consult, Involve, Collaborate, Empower (City of Marion 2010b:3). This survey was classified
on the engagement spectrum as ‘Consult’, meaning that it aimed to obtain feedback on a particular
issue from members of the public (City of Marion 2010b:3). The survey methodology was informed by
this aim.
4.1 Survey objective
In his definition of heritage, Howard states that ‘official heritage tends to be national, unofficial tends to
be familial’ (Howard 2003:4). This unofficial, ordinary heritage is what the City of Marion Cultural
Heritage Survey set out to explore and identify. The survey’s objective was to collect information and
ideas about Marion’s cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible, with a particular focus on
capturing stories of everyday rituals, important places, social practices, significant events and folk
customs.
In conjunction with the survey, a related one day pilot workshop was held which focused on recording
the stories and recollections of participants. The workshop results are being reported separately.
4.2 Survey design
The survey was designed by the Project Manager Anita McDonald, Cultural Heritage Officer at the City
of Marion in conjunction with the Project Sponsor Dr Alice Gorman, Flinders University Archaeology
Department.
It was designed to be presented online using SurveyMonkey online market research tool.
SurveyMonkey is an easy-to-use, cost-effective and widely used online survey tool. It has good brand
recognition, with most internet users exposed to a SurveyMonkey questionnaire at some time,
Question design
There were no mandatory questions, and whilst some questions were closed, many were open-ended,
with the intention of capturing individual stories and memories.
Open-ended questions
Open-ended questions are ‘those for which response options are not provided’ (Sue and Ritter
2007:43). They allow respondents to type their response into an empty textbox, and are particularly
useful when exploring new information (Sue and Ritter 2007:43). Open-ended questions were used for
ten out of the 18 questions in the survey. Whilst they demand more effort from respondents than
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 10
closed questions, research into online surveys has found that although the incidence of skipping
question might be ‘higher for questions with open textboxes than for those with a list of options, the
responses that were provided tended to have a high degree of validity’ (Couper, Traugott and Lamias
2001 cited in Sue and Ritter 2007:44).
Textbox sizes in the open-ended questions varied to indicate the length of response desired. For
example, a textbox extending over one line indicated a short phrase would be suitable as a response,
whereas a large textbox indicated that a more detailed comment was possible.
Closed questions
Closed questions provide respondents with a list of options to choose from (Sue and Ritter 2007:47).
These question types are easy to answer and reliable to measure. However, the response options
must cover all possibilities. Questions can range from offering just two possible responses eg Yes/No
to multiple choice questions which are easy to answer and to analyse. Closed questions were used for
eight out of the 18 questions in the survey.
Radio buttons were used for questions where there was only one possible answer eg age of
respondent. In a list of radio buttons, the convention is that only one radio button can be selected. If
one is ticked, and then another, the first one is automatically deselected (Sue and Ritter 2007:70).
In general, checkboxes are used when the respondent can select more than one response from a list
of options (Sue and Ritter 2007:71). In this survey, these options were reinforced by a note at the end
of the question that informed respondents that ‘you may indicate more than one’.
Internet access
There was a concern during the survey design that an online survey may exclude older people who, it
was assumed, might not be internet connected. Australian Bureau of Statistics figures for 2008-09
show that whilst 74% of people aged 15 years and over had used the internet in the previous 12
months, among older age groups there were much lower rates of internet use – 31% for people 65
years and over (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011).
Further, the survey design team was concerned about excluding residents with limited internet access
or who preferred a hard copy.
These concerns were mitigated by making the survey available both online and in printed form, with
the intention of maximising resident participation.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 11
4.3 Distribution methods
The survey was targeted at all residents of the City of Marion. See Appendix 3 for a full copy of the
online version, and Appendix 2 for a full copy of the printed version.
Online, the survey was made available in the following ways:

Hosted using SurveyMonkey at https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/QB28C2D

Multiple links from the City of Marion website (http://www.marion.sa.gov.au/page.aspx),
including from the home page, Cultural Heritage Survey page, Community Consultation
Projects page

Linked from Marion Matters (http://marionmatters.com.au/), the Council’s community
consultation website
Five hundred printed copies of the survey were distributed evenly across the following Marion Council
buildings:

City of Marion Administration Building

Community centres at Cooinda, Glandore and Trott Park

Libraries at Park Holme, Hallett Cove and Marion Cultural Centre

Cove Youth Service at Hallett Cove

Marion Cultural Centre

Living Kaurna Cultural Centre at Warriparinga
Hard copies and emails were sent to the following local interest groups:

Marion Historical Society

Friends of Annie Doolan’s Cottage

Marion Historic Village Display Group
An email with a link to the online survey was also sent to:

Flinders University Archaeology Department mailing list

Flinders Universities Humanities staff and postgraduate students
The survey was scheduled to run from 5 March to 30 April 2012. The end date was extended to 5
May, after several print surveys were returned after 30 April and had to be entered onto the online
dataset.
4.4 Sampling method
The survey used a nonprobability sampling method known as ‘convenience sampling’ (Sue and Ritter
2007:32). This method takes a non-systematic approach to recruiting participants, allowing
respondents to self-select into the sample. It is often used in online surveys, where the questionnaire
is posted on a website for anyone to complete. For this survey, respondents self-selected into the
sample, whether online or by picking up a printed survey.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 12
This sampling method requires less time and effort than generating probability samples. It is useful in
smaller projects with time and budget constraints, and is ideally suited for the type of exploratory
research being conducted in this project. However, its limitation is that survey respondents tend not to
be representative of the entire population – they are generally people who have a pre-existing interest
in the topic (Sue and Ritter 2007:32), in this instance, the heritage area.
4.5
Survey questions
Welcome screen
The welcome screen was the first screen seen by respondents when they clicked on the link to begin
the survey (see Figure 3). It introduced the survey, provided an explanation of cultural heritage and
asked respondents to complete the survey and help Marion Council capture information about
important everyday culture.
This information was also provided on the front page of the printed questionnaires.
Figure 3: Survey welcome screen
‘About you’ section
The first section of the survey consisted of five closed questions designed to gather data about the
respondent. Questions 1 to 4 asked for demographic information about place of birth, age, decision to
live in City of Marion, and length of time living in the area. These questions were asked because later
question responses may be linked to people’s ages and how long they have lived in the area.
Question 5 aimed to identify the number of known attractions or cultural centres that the respondents
had visited in the past two years.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 13
Question 1: Where were you born?
Question 1 aimed to find out where people were born, as this may influence their attitudes to heritage
or their sense of belonging. It was structured using multi-select checkboxes, with a textbox allowing
respondents to add additional information. The checkboxes were divided into the following options:

In Adelaide

Other, South Australia (please specify)

Other, Australia (please specify)
.
Figure 4: Question 1
Question 2: What is your age?
Formatted as a single-select radio button question, it was divided into age ranges according to
changing life patterns eg young people under 18 years, young adults new to the workforce, adults
establishing themselves in the community, older people:

Under 18 years

36-42 years

65-75 years

18-24 years

43-54 years

More than 75 years

25-35 years

55-64 years
Figure 5: Question 2
Question 3: Why did you decide to live in the City of Marion?
This question was designed to identify the different factors involved in a decision to live in the area,
since, for example, people who were born or grew up in Marion may feel differently about local
heritage than those who chose to live in the area. It used multi-select checkboxes, with a Comments
textbox allowing respondents to provide additional information. Options were:

Parents lived/live in

City of Marion
Born in City of

Left and came back
Marion

Social connections

Other

Work

Lifestyle

Near beaches

Affordable housing
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 14
Figure 6: Question 3
Question 4: How long have you lived in the City of Marion area?
Length of time in the area may influence attitudes to heritage and sense of belonging. This question
was formatted using single-select radio buttons, with a textbox requesting the respondent to specify
the number of years that they have lived in the area. Options were:

All my life

Since I was a child (primary school age or younger)

Since I was a teenager (high school age)

As an adult
Figure 7: Question 4
Question 5: In the past two years have you visited any of the following cultural centres or
attractions in the Marion area?
This question aimed to identify the known or recognised cultural attractions that had been most often
used in the past two years. It used multi-select checkboxes listing nine attractions, with a textbox for
the respondent to add additional items. The listed attractions were:

Living Kaurna

Cultural Centre

City of Marion

Libraries

Marion Historic
Village
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
Marion Celebrates

Gallery M
Festival

Coastal walks
Marion Learning

Public art
Festival

Marion Cultural
Centre
June 2012
Page 15
Figure 8: Question 5
‘People, places and things’ section
The four questions in this section focused on the places, persons, objects and stories considered
important by the respondents, or associated with their local community. Questions about emotions,
feelings, sounds and smells aimed to draw out recollections of both tangible and intangible heritage.
Each question was designed to identify a different facet of previously unknown heritage. Questions 6
and 7 focused on things that were important to the respondent or their community. Questions 8 and 9
focused on places of aesthetic significance, associated with emotion or feeling, sounds or smells.
Response areas were formatted as textboxes, with no character limit, allowing respondents to add as
much information as they wished.
Question 6: Is there a place, person, object or story in your local area that is important to you
because it has a special meaning or memory to you and your family or your local community?
Figure 9: Question 6
Question 7: Is there a place, person, object or story in your local area that you think might be
important to your local community but not sure because not much is known about it?
Figure 10: Question 7
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 16
Question 8: What places in the City of Marion do you associate with particular emotions or
feelings? And why?
Response areas were broken down into textboxes labeled ‘Place’, ‘Emotion or feeling’ and ‘Why?’
Respondents were encouraged by the question structure to name at least two places, but since the
textboxes had no character limit, they could in fact name more if they wished.
Figure 11: Question 8
Question 9: What sounds and smells do you associate with living in the City of Marion area?
Response areas were broken down into multiple textboxes labeled ‘Place’, ‘Sound’, ‘Smell’ and ‘Why?’
Respondents were encouraged by the question structure to name at least one place, but since the
textboxes had no character limit, they could in fact name more if they wished.
Figure 12: Question 9
‘Traditions and customs’ section
The four questions in this section were designed around identifying traditional practices, customs and
activities practised by respondents or identified as in danger of being lost. Questions 10 and 11
focused on identifying intangible heritage and its significance or importance to the respondent or the
community. Questions 12 and 13 were structured around the passing on of knowledge, either because
it is in danger of being lost or because the respondent believes it valuable to share.
Response areas were formatted as textboxes, with no character limit, allowing the respondents to add
as much information as they wished.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 17
Question 10: What traditions or customs do you or your family practice that are important to
you? (For example: dance, storytelling, songs, ways of life, special foods, games, crafts,
festivals, skills etc.) Please give details.
Figure 13: Question 10
Question 11: What things, stories, places or activities in life today do you feel are important to
record and promote for the future?
Figure 14: Question 11
Question 12: Are there any traditions, stories or things that you feel are in danger of being
lost?
Figure 15: Question 12
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 18
Question 13: Do you have skills, traditional practices or craftsmanship that you would like to
share with others?
Figure 16: Question 13
‘Sharing your story’ section
The final five questions focused on ‘sharing your story’. Reference was made to the City of Marion’s
cultural heritage database, a digital record of Marion’s cultural heritage. Questions 14 and 15 included
an enquiry about any items that respondents might be willing to share, and identifying Marion cultural
heritage that respondents believed important to present to others. Questions 16 and 17 aimed to
identify those respondents who were interested in getting involved with City of Marion heritage projects
or workshops, in line with the Council’s Community Consultation and Engagement Policy for working
with local communities (City of Marion 2010b).
Questions 14 and 15 were formatted as textboxes, with no character limit, allowing the respondents to
add as much information as they wished. The format for Questions 16 and 17 had a simple Yes/No
checkbox response.
Question 18 invited respondents to submit their contact details in order to receive more information on
cultural heritage activities in the City of Marion. Note that at all other times, the anonymity of the
respondent was preserved, and providing contact details was entirely optional. Possible points of
contact, none of which were mandatory, included name, address, email and phone number. The
question was formatted using multiple textboxes with headings.
Question 14: Do you have any letters, diaries, photos or other items of personal heritage that
relate to life in the City of Marion that you would like to contribute to a City of Marion local
cultural heritage database? If yes please give details.
Figure 17: Question 14
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 19
Question 15: What do you think has cultural heritage value in the City of Marion that is
important to present to people who don’t live in the area?
Figure 18: Question 15
Question 16: Are you interested in researching and sharing your family history and/or cultural
heritage through City of Marion projects?
Figure 19: Question 16
Question 17: Would you like to be involved in workshops focusing on living memory and
storytelling?
Figure 20: Question 17
Question 18: If you would like to receive more information on cultural heritage activities in the
City of Marion please provide your details.
Figure 21: Question 18
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 20
Closing screen
The closing screen was the final screen seen by respondents (see Figure 22). It stated the closing
date of the survey, and provided contact details for further information. These contact details were also
provided at the end of the printed questionnaires.
Figure 22: Closing screen
4.6 Survey marketing
The survey was advertised in the local Messenger Press on 7 March 2012 (see Appendix 1). The
Messenger Press is a free newspaper, focusing on local news, and distributed to every household in
the City of Marion area. Using the heading ‘Stories of Our City – Now & Then’, the advert provided a
brief outline of the survey purpose and directed readers to complete the survey at the Marion Matters
website or to contact the Marion Cultural Heritage Officer. It featured the logos of Flinders University
and City of Marion.
By 11 April 2012, 23 online surveys had been completed; numbers were unknown at that stage for the
printed surveys. On 16 April 2012, an email about the online survey was sent to the Flinders University
Archaeology Department mailing list. Online results one week later at 18 April showed that 39 surveys
had been completed. This jump in completed surveys also coincided with the launch of a new-look
website for City of Marion Council on 12 April which featured a link to the survey on the home page
(City of Marion 2012b), as shown in Figure 23.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 21
Cultural
Heritage
Survey
Figure 23: City of Marion new website
4.7 Analysing the survey data
At the survey close on 5 May 2012, surveys that had been completed online via SurveyMonkey
formed the majority of the completed questionnaires (n=43 out of 60). In preparation for analysis, data
from the printed questionnaires was also entered into SurveyMonkey ensuring one complete dataset.
There were 60 questionnaires in total, with 17 of those (28.3%) having been submitted in hard copy.
A copy of each completed survey was printed from SurveyMonkey to aid manual checks during data
cleaning.
SurveyMonkey allows the survey administrator to generate summary statistics in the form of
histograms for closed questions and text lists for open-ended questions. For the open-ended
questions, these text lists were used as the basis for breaking down the responses into themes
according to the question eg place, person, story. The advantage of creating themes based on the
actual responses is that the themes ‘are created based on participants’ responses rather than created
a priori based on the researcher’s decisions, thus increasing the validity of the data’ (Sue and Ritter
2007:45). The dataset numbered 60 in total, allowing for this breakdown to be carried out by hand; a
larger dataset would have required use of text-mining software to search for unique words.
Data cleaning
Data cleaning is the process of identifying data entry errors, illogical or incomplete answers, and
‘respondents selecting more answers than are allowable’ (Sue and Ritter 2007:106). For this survey,
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 22
data cleaning commenced on a sample dataset generated midway through the survey. This
highlighted three questions that were problematic. These were tracked through to the final survey
dataset (n=60) and analysed to identify how the inconsistencies had arisen.
The discrepancies were found in questions 1, 3 and 4. See Figure 24 for an indication of where the
data count differed between SurveyMonkey (in blue) and the manual check (in red).
70
60
50
40
30
SurveyMonkey
20
Manual Check
10
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
Question 7
Question 8
Question 9
Question 10
Question 11
Question 12
Question 13
Question 14
Question 15
Question 16
Question 17
Question 18
0
Figure 24: Inconsistencies discovered during data cleaning
Analysis of the question structure for these questions highlighted a structural flaw in their design,
similar in all questions, such that the respondent could write a comment in the textbox without first
selecting a radio button or checkbox.
For question 1, SurveyMonkey reported that 44 respondents answered the question, with 16 skipping
it. In fact, a review of the questionnaires showed that 59 respondents had answered the question with
only one respondent skipping it. The question had been designed as a multi-select checkbox, which
allowed respondents to check more than one option; it also allowed respondents to ignore all of the
checkboxes and just write a comment in the textbox.
A discrepancy by one response in Question 3 was caused by the fact that one respondent did not tick
a checkbox, but wrote a comment in the Comments box. SurveyMonkey marked this question as
Skipped, but it was picked up in the manual check as Answered.
A discrepancy by three responses in Question 4 was caused by a similar issue. Three respondents did
not tick a radio button, but wrote a comment in the Comments box. SurveyMonkey marked these
questions as Skipped, but they were picked up in the manual check as Answered.
For all these questions, the manual check resolved the issues.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 23
4.8
Maps of Marion’s heritage places
Appendix 5 contains two maps illustrating Marion’s heritage places. These maps were created
specifically for this survey to help illustrate the results.
The first map shows officially recognised state and local heritage places, including built and natural
features. It was created for the author by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources’
Customer Service Centre, based on information in their mapping databases.
The second map shows places named as important in the Cultural Heritage Survey. These places
1
have been superimposed by hand on a copy of the first map .
4.9
Photographs
Several of the sites mentioned in the survey were visited and photographed by the author. All
photographs were recorded in a photographic recording form (see Appendix 4), which listed the photo
number, a description, photographer name, date, direction of view, and GPS coordinates.
4.10 Limitations
As well as the limitations identified and resolved during data cleaning, one additional limitation was
found during analysis:

Respondents were not asked how they accessed the survey eg via a web link online, or at a
Council location. Knowing the websites and physical locations that were most frequently
accessed would assist with the targeting of future surveys and should be considered in future
studies
1
Note that in both instances, the maps are an indication only; they are not definitively correct and contain errors and
inaccuracies. There is also the issue that some heritage cannot be conveniently 'mapped', this is especially true for stories and
memories that are not associated with a particular place.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 24
5 Results
The data analysis is based on responses to 60 questionnaires completed between 5 March and 5 May
2012, a statistically significant sample size.
Out of the 60 questionnaires completed, questions 1 to 5 were answered by almost all respondents.
These were on the first screen, and could be answered by ticking a checkbox or radio button. For
questions 6 through to 18, the number of responses dropped to about half or less. These questions
mainly required a written comment as response.
In the following sections, frequency distributions in the form of histograms are used to display the
numbers of respondents who selected particular response options. Summaries of the responses to
open-ended questions are broken down in tables by theme.
5.1
Question 1: Place of birth
Fifty-nine (98.3%) respondents answered this question (see Figure 25).
Twenty-three of those were born in metropolitan Adelaide, and nine in other parts of South Australia,
making a total of 32 (54.2%) South Australians. Eleven (18.6%) were born interstate, and 16 (27.1%)
were born overseas.
Place of birth
25
23
20
16
15
9
10
11
Place of birth (n=59)
5
0
Adelaide
South
Australia
Other,
Australia
Other, Rest of
World
Figure 25: Place of birth
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 25
The 11 respondents who were born interstate originated from New South Wales (n=4), Victoria (n=3),
Queensland (n=2) and Western Australia (n=2) (see Figure 26). There were no responses for
Tasmania or the Northern Territory.
Born interstate
4.5
4
4
3.5
3
3
2.5
2
2
Queensland
Western
Australia
2
Born in Australia, other
than South Australia (n=11)
1.5
1
0.5
0
New South
Wales
Victoria
Figure 26: Born interstate
Of the 16 respondents born overseas, half (n=8, 50%) originated in the United Kingdom. Other
respondents came from Ireland (n=2), the United States (n=2), and one each from Holland, Sweden,
Papua New Guinea and India (see Figure 27).
Born overseas
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
8
2
1
1
2
1
1
Born outside Australia
(n=16)
Figure 27: Born overseas
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 26
5.2
Question 2: Age range
This question had a 100% response rate (see Figure 28).
The largest cohort was in the 55-64 year age group at 21.7% (n=13). Overall, exactly half (50%, n=30)
of the respondents were over 55 years of age. In the younger age brackets, 15% (n=9) of the
respondents were 24 years or younger. Those aged between 25 and 54 years totalled 35.0% (n=21).
Figure 28: Age of respondents
The latest 2006 statistics show that the percentage of the overall Marion population aged 0-17 years
was 20.8%, and those over 65 years was 16.9% (City of Marion Community Profile 2012a). This
differs from the survey sample group, where the incidence of survey respondents under 18 years was
6.7% and over 65 years was 28.3%.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 27
5.3
Question 3: Decision to live in the area
All except one respondent answered this question (n=59, 98.3%), with many people selecting more
than one checkbox (see Figure 29).
The two highest responses for choosing to live in the City of Marion were that it had affordable housing
(n=22, 37.2%) and was near beaches (n=21, 35.5%). Only one respondent (1.7%) had been born in
Marion, although fourteen had parents living in Marion (23.7%).
Decision to live in the area
25
22
21
20
15
17
14
10
5
12
10
6
3
1
Decision to live in the area
0
Figure 29: Decision to live in the area
Seventeen respondents ticked ‘Other’ and of those, 12 added a comment. There were 26 comments in
total for this question. These are broken down in Table 1 below under the themes of Work / study,
Near beaches, Lifestyle, Affordable housing and Other. There were no comments reflecting the other
question categories.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 28
REASONS FOR LIVING IN THE CITY OF MARION AREA
#
Work / study
1
Worked at Westminster School for 40 years
2
I got a job at Flinders University, and Marion was close to work, child care, shops and the city
3
Work – we chose to come to Adelaide in 1964
4
Convenient for access to Flinders University, where I study
5
For university
6
Studying at Flinders University
7
Work – proximity to everything – not too far from city, beaches, university
Near beaches
8
Beachside environments seem more natural and the people more relaxed
9
Near beaches – bought land many years ago and built a home
Lifestyle
10
Stayed due to convenience of shops, beaches, parks, no previous social connections
11
It has everything
12
Less formal. Casual environment, but with the class and style of wealth around the place
13
Lifestyle – in between city and beach. Along train and bus routes to both mine and my husband’s work
14
Community feel, the parks in Hallett Cove
15
The shopping centre is great plus it’s close to where Flinders University is
Affordable housing
16
Could afford it at the time
17
The housing trust were building houses here
18
Parents-in-law live in Mitcham Council, Marion is right next door with better kid friendly spaces and more
affordable
19
Purchased a house very cheaply when MATS plan was mooted
Other
20
Moved into retirement village
21
Home overlooking open park area, and proximity to train and bus
22
My father was invited to come to Australia to play soccer for Cumberland and we have after many years
come back to live in the area where we arrived as migrants
23
Liked the area
24
I actually live (and lived for many years in childhood) in the Mitcham area (Bellevue Heights) but practically
‘live’ down here at Westfield and the Cultural Centre
25
We were moved from Springbank Camp by the Housing Trust in 1950
26
My grandma lived here and we inherited the house. Don’t live here, just spend one night each week
Table 1: Reasons for living in the City of Marion area
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 29
5.4
Question 4: Length of time in the area
There were 56 (93.3%) valid responses to this question. Two people did not respond at all, and
another two explained in the textbox that they do not actually live in Marion but spend the majority of
time or have connections there. The majority of respondents (n=39, 69.6%) have lived in the City of
Marion area as adults, with only three (5.35%) people living in the area all their lives (see Figure 30).
Length of time in Marion
45
39
40
35
30
25
20
10
5
Length of time in Marion
12
15
3
2
0
All my life
Since a child
Since a
teenager
As an adult
Figure 30: Length of time living in the Marion area
Forty-six respondents provided additional information in the textbox about the number of years they
have lived in the area, shown below in Figure 31. Note that some of the comments were rather cryptic
eg ‘Aged 8-13, and 16 to now’. To calculate the length of time for these answers, a minimum age was
allocated according to the age range ticked in Question 2 eg if a respondent had ticked 55-64 years
they were given a nominal age of 55 years.
The largest single cohort was in the 0-10 years range, with 18 respondents having lived in the area for
this length of time. Twenty-two respondents in total have lived in Marion for between 21 and 50 years,
and four have lived in the area for more than 51 years.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 30
Number of years in Marion
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
18
7
8
7
Number of years in Marion
4
2
0-10
years
11-20
years
21-30
years
31-40
years
41-50
years
51-60
years
Figure 31: Number of years living in the Marion area
5.5
Question 5: Visits to cultural centres or attractions
This question was answered by 58 respondents (96.6%) (see Figure 32).
Figure 32: Visits to cultural centres or attractions
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 31
The largest response was for the City of Marion Libraries, with 77.6% (n=45) of respondents visiting
them in the past two years. There are three libraries in the Marion Council area – at Park Holme,
Hallett Cove and Oaklands Park (City of Marion 2012a). The Oaklands Park branch is part of the
cultural centre, and the Marion Cultural Centre had the next largest response, with 74.1% of
respondents (n=43) visiting there in the past two years. One person commented that they visit the
cultural centre ‘time and time again’. The Cultural Centre, opened in 2001, houses a library, theatre,
meeting rooms, a café and Gallery M (City of Marion 2012d). Gallery M is a visual arts exhibition
space and gallery shop (City of Marion 2012c). It was selected by 46.6% (n=27) of respondents.
Public art received 44.8% (n=26) of responses. Public art is located across the Marion Council area,
including at the high visited locations of the Cultural Centre, the Marion Historic Village, the Living
Kaurna Cultural Centre and Warriparinga, and on the coastal walking trails.
Two open air activities received more than 20 responses each. The Marion Historic Village, located at
the site of the original settlement and featuring a walking trail, was visited by 39.7% (n=23) of
respondents in the past two years. Coastal walks were used by 50% (n=29) of respondents in the
same time period. The Council area features seven kilometres of coastline, including an outstanding
geological site at Hallett Cove (City of Marion 2012a).
The Living Kaurna Cultural Centre was selected by 50.0% (n=29) of respondents. It is not clear from
the question whether respondents were referring just to the Living Kaurna Cultural Centre or the
overall site which includes the Centre, the state heritage listed Fairford House and gardens, and the
Warriparinga wetlands. Two of the comments added by respondents referred to this general area:
Warriparinga Wetlands and historical site
I’d like to include some of the nature opportunities in the area as cultural like the
Warriparinga wetlands and linear bike track. I love to ride from Glenelg to Darlington along
the Sturt River linear track and through Warriparinga. There’s a great mulberry tree in
Warriparinga that is a cultural event for me and my children
Two festivals – the Marion Celebrates Festival and the Marion Learning Festival – attracted 29.3%
(n=17) and 20.7% (n=12) of responses respectively. The Marion Learning Festival is an annual event
spread over several days, and designed to encourage lifelong learning (City of Marion 2012e). Marion
Celebrates is a biennial festival held over one day, and attracting approximately 7,000 people, with the
next one scheduled for March 2013 (pers comm Anita McDonald 23 May 2012).
In addition to the answers above, two of the comments referred to other places in the Marion area:

A general reference to parks and community centres

The Oaklands Homestead which was demolished in 1964, and is located in the car park of the
Oaklands Reserve on the southern side of the old driving school
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 32
5.6
Question 6: Importance of place, person, object or story
Thirty-two people (53.3%) answered this question, with five of those answering in the negative, and
the others naming at least one place, person or story. No objects were reported. Places were named
more frequently (n=30) than persons (n=5) or stories (n=5) (see Figure 33).
Important places, persons or
stories
40
30
30
20
10
5
5
Persons
Stories
Important places,
persons or stories
0
Places
Figure 33: Important places, persons or stories
Places recorded as important ranged from buildings to natural areas and forms of transport, with
buildings named 15 times, natural areas 11 times and transport four times (see Figure 34).
Places
16
15
14
11
12
10
8
Places
6
4
4
2
0
Buildings
Natural areas
Transport
Figure 34: Places
Table 2 below categorises the responses according to places, persons and stories. Within these
themes, ‘Places’ is broken down further into buildings, natural areas and transport.
Some places were mentioned more than once. Oaklands Homestead was noted twice, with one
respondent advocating an archaeological dig in the area. The Hallett Cove Youth Service was referred
to three times, with one person stating ‘It's special because the people there are awesome’; each of
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 33
these respondents was under 18 years of age. In the same location, but a natural area, Hallett Cove
Beach / Conservation Park was noted six times with statements including:
It's beautiful and very relaxing, my family go down there all the time
Hallett Cove Conservation Park is where I've taken my children and now grandchildren to
run and play in a natural setting that resembles a childhood place in Ireland
Other natural areas included Breakout Creek, which is a reserve running along the western boundary
edge of the Marion Council area; the original creek is now enclosed and covered by a pedestrian path.
The same respondent also referred to the Moreton Bay fig tree in Fisk Avenue – this is a reserve near
the Morphettville tram depot which houses a playground as well as the large Moreton Bay fig tree.
Some features in the Marion Historic Village or Heritage Walk were recorded – St Ann’s Church,
Laurel Cottage and the remnant almond orchard along Oliphant Avenue.
Four comments related to transport, and covered almost all the transport options in the Marion area –
car, train, bicycle and tram.
Out of the five stories mentioned, three refer to general historical stories of Marion, and two are
personal, with one respondent referring to childhood experiences in Marion, and the other relating
their story of migrating to the Marion area in the 1950s.
IMPORTANT PLACES, PERSONS AND STORIES
#
PLACES
Buildings
1
Old houses (and air conditioning shop on corner Marion Road) on Wallala Avenue because my
grandfather and great grandfather built them
2
Three little shops at 560 Marion Road, Plympton Park and a home all built by Stan Fancoff, a Bulgarian
immigrant who handmade and laid every concrete brick in these quaint little buildings during the early
1950s. They are a rare example of original buildings I believe in the whole of Adelaide
3
St Ann's Church
4
Forbes Primary School
5
The scout hall in Ascot Park and the sports bowling clubs are important options for residents
6
The most important thing is to do a dig where the Oaklands Homestead was before they complete the
plans for the wetlands and park to the south
7
Laurel Cottage is one house which needs to be preserved. It’s the oldest surviving house in the Village of
Marion but it is in private hands and not being well looked after
8
Oaklands Homestead
9
The State Heritage listed building that was once part of the former Hamilton's Winery. It is only special to
me because I live in the unit complex adjacent to this building. All of the units in my complex are named
after the products that were once made at the winery
10
Oaklands Park Swimming Pool
11
Glengowrie tram depot
12
As children we attended Stella Maris school. We had wonderful sports days. We always sang the National
Anthem. It was a happy time for me and my brothers and sisters
13
Hallett Cove community. (Note: respondent is referring to the youth centre)
14
Cove Youth Service
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 34
15
The Youth Centre at Hallett Cove – it's special because the people there are awesome
Natural areas
16
Hallett Cove Conservation Park
17
Hallett Cove Beach – it’s beautiful and very relaxing, my family go down there all the time
18
I can remember as a teenager going to Hallett Cove Beach, seeing the little wooden sheds on the beach
19
The beach – café – I like the feel of Hallett Cove even though rocky, people always friendly. Used to swim
there but now too rocky. Natural beach – not crowded or crazy with dogs. Child feels safe there
20
Hallett Cove Conservation Park is where I've taken my children and now grandchildren to run and play in a
natural setting that resembles a childhood place in Ireland
21
Hallett Cove Beach
22
Breakout Creek
23
Moreton Bay fig in Fisk Avenue
24
Remnant almond orchard along Oliphant Avenue, near Nixon Street
25
Mitchell Park Recreation Reserve
26
Wherever there are surviving river red gum trees, scar trees, natural parts of the Sturt River and places,
photographs and stories that tell or show us about life in the area from Kaurna times to the 1950s
Transport
27
Sturt Road. In the 1940s I was driven up there past all the vineyards, sheds and very, very few houses.
Sturt Road was like being in the outback in circa 1946 – few cars, few homes, few facilities – nearly all
vines
28
I believe that the railroad has special meaning for those who use it to commute and connect to Adelaide
29
Sturt Creek bike track
30
Glengowrie tram depot
PERSONS
31
Marion has a special meaning to me because my paternal grandmother was one of the Hamiltons. The
Hamilton family was prominent in the early years of the Marion district
32
George Parsons and the Western market gardens
33
The faithful families that settled the area – Westerns, Shearings, etc. They were gracious and welcoming.
The Little Marion works of art tell their story
34
Marion’s link to the state’s founder, Colonel Light, puts Marion high on the heritage list
35
There are a lot of elderly folk in the district who should be interviewed as these people are gradually
passing away
STORIES
36
The Aboriginal legend Tjirbruki is very special I believe
37
I found the history of flooding in the area prior to the Sturt River drain fascinating
38
History of Marion Village
39
Family home and mother still here. Special memories of schools attended, Girl Guide activities, church and
community; driving past houses where grandparents lived and where they played bowls, etc
40
My father was a professional soccer player in Scotland who was invited to play for Cumberland United. I
now park my car where I first went to primary school in 1958. ... Still – for me it is as the young migrant –
all of six – smelling sausage rolls at the 'Tuck Shop', bundles of coloured pencils, and rancid milk – that
comes back to me almost every time I enter the Marion Shops parking lot. My family has many stories of
the trials and tribulations of that move to Australia and I think for me the major part is that not everyone
came here because they were destitute. For my parents it was a new adventure. ... we now live back in
this area and have strong memories of our arrival and connections here
Table 2: Important places, persons and stories
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 35
5.7
Question 7: Importance of a local but little known place, person,
object or story
There were 13 valid responses to this question, with respondents naming at least one place, person or
story. Thirteen places were mentioned, along with two persons and two stories. No objects were
reported (see Figure 35).
Little known places, persons or stories
14
13
12
10
8
Little known places,
persons or stories
6
4
2
2
2
Persons
Stories
0
Places
Figure 35: Little known places, persons or stories
Although the question asks for information about little known places, the data in Table 3 below shows
that many of the places recorded are already recognised in Marion eg Annie Doolan’s Cottage, Marion
Historic Village, Light Square, Laurel Cottage and the vineyards and gardens around Fairford House.
This may be because distribution of the survey included three local historical groups – the Marion
Historical Society, the Friends of Annie Doolan’s Cottage, and the Marion Historic Village Display
Group. Perhaps the members believe that these areas, although recognised as heritage places, are
little known outside of Marion. Further research with these groups could tease out the details.
In addition to these recognised places, however, Justice House on the corner of Oaklands and
Morphett Roads is noted – a community legal service operates at this address. The Westfield
Shopping Centre is also mentioned by one respondent.
Two people are recorded – a local artist and an unknown resident who took responsibility for keeping
the Marino cliff top walk planted and tidy.
The two stories that were noted as important covered a respondent’s personal story of starting life at
Dover Gardens, and a broader story about the establishment of the City of Marion. This reference to
Marion’s establishment includes a reference to pirates. A preliminary search by the author for more
information on this subject found nothing, but it is intriguing and merits more detailed research. The
other historical reference by the same respondent notes the fact that Colonel Light originally wanted to
have the Marion area as the Capitol. It is not entirely clear from the comment whether the respondent
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 36
is referring to Marion as the capital of South Australia, or a Capitol or parliamentary building. Either
way, the area referred to appears to be where the Marion Shopping Centre is now, and it would be
valuable to follow up this up with more research.
IMPORTANT BUT LITTLE KNOWN PLACES, PERSONS AND STORIES
#
PLACES
Buildings
1
Marion Historic Village
2
Annie Doolan's Cottage
3
'Justice House', corner of Oaklands and Morphett Roads
4
Next to police station, the local Aboriginal art centre opening/exhibitions. (Note: respondent is referring to
Living Kaurna Cultural Centre)
5
I believe that the history of Westfield should be explored as it plays a HUGE role in Marion culture today.
(Note: respondent is referring to Westfield Marion Shopping Centre)
6
Light Square
7
Laurel Cottage
8
Oaklands Homestead
9
There is a plaque embedded in concrete in front of the Marion Council Chambers which is the foundation
to the second bridge across the Sturt River in Finniss Street. I suggest that it be returned and placed in the
current third bridge. The first bridge (a wooden bridge) was designed by Colonel Light in 1838
Natural areas
10
Hallett Cove Conservation Park
11
Glenthorne Estate at O'Halloran Hill
12
Remnant almond orchard along Oliphant Avenue, near Nixon Street
13
Remains of the vineyard and orchard around Fairford House (former Laffer property)
PERSONS
14
Artist Natalie Lewcock
15
The chap, I don’t know his name who used to keep the Marino cliff top walk tidy and planted freshly
constantly. He planted most of it all and I would like to see his story acknowledged in some way. After he
died it went back to scruffy and unkempt, which it still is
STORIES
16
Establishing at Dover Gardens, we had dirt roads and had to walk to Seacombe Road to collect our mail. It
was a friendly safe place to live as children. We walked to Seacliff to swim and catch a train to the city
17
Archaeologically this area has so much to offer. The story of pirates and the fact that Colonel Light wanted
to have this area as the Capitol I'm sure is not widely known. During my research on the settlement of SA,
I brought back from London early paintings by Light of his vision for Adelaide. However, it was a letter (etc)
that was purchased by the State Library, that showed an even earlier drawing with his (Light’s) intention to
place the Capitol about where Marion shopping centre is now
Table 3: Important but little known places, persons and stories
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 37
5.8
Question 8: Places associated with particular emotions or feelings
Twenty-six people (43.3%) answered this question. Responses were broad and ranged from historical
and contemporary buildings, to parks, coastal areas, transport corridors and even the mobile library.
Places
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
6
6
6
6
5
4
3
3
2
Places
Figure 36: Places associated with emotions or feelings
The emotions associated with places were generally positive eg happiness (n=7), belonging (n=5),
pride (n=3), peace and tranquility (n=4). However there was one instance of anger, and two each of
sadness and restlessness.
Emotions and feelings
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7
5
4
4
3
2
2
2
1
2
Emotions and feelings
Figure 37: Emotions and feelings associated with places
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 38
Table 4 below details the responses for this question, broken down by place, emotions or feelings, and
reasons. Overall, buildings are mentioned in the responses more than natural areas – 21 instances to
16.
Buildings
Local schools were noted three times, associated with feelings of happiness, nostalgia and pride.
Home was mentioned as frequently as historic and contemporary buildings – each was recorded six
times. Home is mainly associated with positive feelings such as safety, security, comfort, a sense of
belonging and fun. One respondent has lived in his home for 62 years and states ‘It's me!’ For one
respondent though, their residence is associated with restlessness and ‘unbelonging’ because it’s not
home.
Historic and contemporary buildings mainly elicited similar emotions – pride and happiness – except
for one place, 49 Finniss Street, which was associated with anger and sadness because of the loss of
an ‘enormous river red gum tree’. For this particular respondent, their attachment to this tree, and
emotions at its chopping down, led directly to their engagement with ‘various historical societies in
Marion’.
St Ann’s Church is noted twice, once because of its association with the respondent’s happiness and
marriage, and second because of its historical value to the community and state. Fairford Home is
recorded as a place that has ‘an important Aboriginal story as well as the farm home showing we can
live together’.
With regards to contemporary buildings, the new SA Aquatic and Leisure Centre is associated with
feeling ‘proud that the Marion Council has this world class facility’. The Marion Shopping Centre
generates good feelings and ‘an endless variety of shops and services for the people of Marion’.
Patritti's Winery is associated with happiness and the beginning of ‘my taste for wine’. And the Cove
Youth Service was associated by three young respondents with feelings of welcome, happiness,
belonging, acceptance and importance in a friendly, safe environment.
Natural areas
Coastal areas, parks and wetlands are associated with a wide range of positive emotions including
purpose, peace, freedom, relaxation, wellbeing, happiness and awe. The Marion Coastal Walk is
associated with a sense of purpose by one respondent who ‘can break free and temporarily outrun my
restlessness’. Another respondent feels happy and content in the parks, especially the almond grove,
where the almond trees are ‘a sign of the orchards that used to be here’.
The wetlands above Sturt Road are associated with ‘timelessness combined with peace and
tranquillity, where the ‘quiet and dense vegetation allows one to "switch off" from the hurley burley of
suburbia’. An old gum tree at Kenton Avenue Reserve fills the respondent with awe because it is ‘over
250 years old and resilient.’
The old Sturt River is associated with sadness because of ‘the concrete drain’.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 39
Transport
The responses regarding transport cited contrasting emotions. The back streets were associated by
one respondent with calmness and ‘riding my bike’ but the major transport corridors of Marion Road
and Daws Road were associated with frustration and ‘traffic, pedestrian unfriendly, dangerous’.
The Glengowrie tram depot is associated with fun because ‘boys loved looking at trams’.
The mobile library is linked with joy because ‘people can enjoy the library even if they can't get to the
physical place, and then have great anticipation for the mobile's arrival’.
PLACES ASSOCIATED WITH PARTICULAR EMOTIONS OR FEELINGS
#
PLACE
EMOTIONS OR FEELINGS
WHY?
BUILDINGS
Schools
1
Forbes Primary School
Happiness
Went to school
2
Ascot Park Primary
Nostalgia
My grandpa and mum went to school
there, and my grandma walked us
through to get to the 'old' library (Duncan
Ave) and ‘Coles’ and Cravens drapers
3
Stella Maris
Pride
Walking to school proudly in our uniform
Home
4
Darling Street
Safe, comfy
It’s my home
5
Norfolk Road
Home
N/A
6
Raggatt Crescent, my home
for 16 years
Belonging, close community It’s where I brought up my children
7
Scarborough Terrace, Dover
Gardens
Fun, safe time, security
Following this time, we moved around a
lot
8
My residence at Dwyer Road,
Oaklands Park
Restlessness, unbelonging
It’s not home
9
30 Tarranna Ave
It’s me!
It’s been my home for 62 years and
among the very first streets to be
occupied south of Bray Street. It’s part of
me as I am part of it. Every effort, all
money we ever had is here and it is the
only place in which my entire family
passed through
Historic buildings
10
St Ann’s Chapel
Value
Because of its historical value to the
community and state
11
St Ann’s Church
Happiness
Marriage
12
Annie Doolan’s Cottage
Pride
Treasured simple lifestyle
13
Fairford Home
Belonging
The natural unspoiled beauty. This area
is untouched and has an important
Aboriginal story as well as the farm
home, showing we can live together
14
Pioneer Hall – girls’ gym
Fear, then elation
classes, the old wooden horse
As we succeeded in our task
15
49 Finniss Street, Marion
5043
There used to be an enormous river red
gum tree in the land beside this house
formerly owned by the Hersey family.
More recent owners chopped the tree
Anger and sadness
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 40
down so that they could subdivide the
block. This directly led to my involvement
in various historical societies in Marion
Contemporary buildings
16
Patritti’s Winery
Happiness
Began my taste for wine
17
The swimming centre
Pride
Proud that Marion Council has this world
class facility
18
Marion Shopping Centre
Good feelings
The shopping centre has an endless
variety of shops and services for the
people of Marion
19
Cove Youth Centre
Belonging, happiness,
acceptance, importance
The youth workers are friendly and
caring
20
Cove Youth Service
Happiness
A friendly, safe environment
21
Cove Youth Service
Sense of belonging and
acceptance
It’s a lovely welcoming place. The people
are so beautiful and the environment is
easy going and lovely
NATURAL AREAS
Coastal areas
22
The beach
Nostalgia
Nostalgia and a far simpler way of life
and mystery – walking along the beach,
picking up shells, seaweed, etc.
23
Marion Coastal Walk
Purpose, restlessness
I can break free and temporarily outrun
my restlessness, I don’t have to think.
24
Hallett Cove Conservation
Park
Peace, freedom, tranquility
Away from the hustle and bustle, and
reminiscent of my childhood
25
Hallett Cove Beach
Relaxation, peace
26
Any of the coastal walks
Happiness, contentment
I feel good in nature, and the coast is so
beautiful
Parks and wetlands
27
We frequent (possibly all) the
parks and wetlands in Marion
Council
Emotional wellbeing
Easy access, great for family gatherings
and time with family and friends
28
The parks, especially the
almond grove
Happiness, contentment
I feel good in nature, and the almond
trees are a sign of the orchards that used
to be here
29
Kenton Avenue Reserve old
gum tree
Awe
Over 250 years old and resilient
30
Breakout Creek Park
Peace
Nice quiet park to walk along
31
Glengowrie Dog Park
Nostalgia, memories
It used to be Glengowrie High School
which I attended for one year
32
The wetlands above Sturt
Road
Timelessness combined
with peace and tranquility
The quiet and dense vegetation allows
one to ‘switch off’ from the hurley burley
of suburbia
Sturt River
33
The old Sturt River. I was
Sadness
against the concrete drain and
as a result of my objections
was known as ‘The Sturt
Creek Stirrer’. I still give
lectures on the history of the
Sturt River and it is entitled
‘Up the Creek’
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
No environmental impact study was
made
June 2012
Page 41
34
Anywhere along the River
N/A
N/A
35
Living Kaurna Cultural Centre
and Sturt River
Hope and relaxation
Great recognition and hope for Kaurna
and peaceful when you walk from there
to Sturt Road in natural environment
Other
36
The remnant almond orchard
along Oliphant Avenue, near
Nixon Street
Nostalgia for a lifestyle long
past
Reminds me of my origins on an orchard
property in WA
37
The garden is my place of
belonging
Sense of belonging
N/A
Calmness
Riding my bike
TRANSPORT
38
Back streets
39
Major corridors: Marion Road, Frustration
Daws Road
Traffic, pedestrian unfriendly, dangerous
40
Mobile library
People can enjoy the library even if they
can’t get to the physical place, and then
have great anticipation for the mobile’s
arrival
41
Glengowrie tram depot
Fun
Boys loved looking at trams
Table 4: Places associated with particular emotions of feelings
5.9
Joy
Question 9: Sounds and smells associated with living in Marion
There were 24 responses to this question. Of those, 18 (81.8%) commented on sound and 15 (68.2%)
listed a smell or smells.
In terms of places associated with particular sounds and smells, the most frequently mentioned places
were associated with reserves, parks and wetlands (n=10), see Figure 38. These ranged from sports
grounds and small reserves near people’s homes to the large expanse of Warriparinga and its
associated wetlands.
Places associated with sounds or smells
12
10
10
8
6
6
4
4
3
1
2
0
Places associated with
sounds or smells
Figure 38: Places associated with sounds or smells
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 42
Sounds were fairly evenly split across those made by people and those produced in the natural
environment (see Figure 39). Only one series of sounds was associated with older times – ‘rabbito,
baker and horse’. The others were all contemporary – birdsong, wind in the trees, Sturt River flowing,
children playing, whistling neighbours, police sirens.
Sounds
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
15
14
Sounds
People
Nature
Figure 39: Sounds
The smells recorded by respondents were predominantly associated with the natural environment,
especially plants, see Figure 40. The smell of native gardens, gum leaves, roses and almond
blossoms were all noted, as were coastal aromas such as brine and the ocean. The Morphettville
stables were listed because of the smell of horses with a comment that ‘It’s so good to have the
horses in the suburbs in this age of few links with nature and history’. Smells associated with people
were food related – cooking smells and barbecuing meat.
Smells
12
10
10
8
6
Smells
4
4
2
2
2
Animals
Food
1
0
Plants
Coast
Other
Figure 40: Smells
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 43
Table 5 below lists the responses for this question, broken down by place, sound, smell and reasons.
It is further categorised under the themes of built environment; reserves, parks and wetlands; coastal
areas; transport; and other.
SOUNDS AND SMELLS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVING IN MARION
#
PLACE
SOUND
SMELL
WHY?
It's so good to have the
horses in the suburbs in
this age of few links with
nature and history
Built environment
1
Morphettville stables
N/A
Horses
2
All over Marion
Sound of birds
Smell of roses and a
Many of the residents
variety of other flowers take a pride in their
gardens
3
Scarborough Terrace,
Dover Gardens
Rabbito, baker and
horse
Grape vines, almond
blossom, horse
delivering bread
It was so much simpler
then
4
N/A
Traffic noise
Garden perfumes
N/A
5
Dwyer Rd, Oaklands
Park
Lorikeets, whistling
neighbours, silence,
magpies, train horn
Native trees
These are the things that
make me feel relaxed
6
N/A
Sirens
N/A
Police
Reserves, parks and wetlands
7
Oaklands Reserve
Laughter, voices
N/A
It's a place where people
of many different ages
and cultures go - great
for dog walking, children
playing, weddings.
Represents diversity of
the area – harmonious
diversity!
8
Mitchell Park Reserve.
Plympton Park sports
ground and children's
playground
Children and sports
N/A
I like the sound of people
participating and
enjoying their outdoor
activities
9
Parks
Birdsong, people talking
and laughing
Flowers, plants, meat
being barbecued
Sense of wellbeing and
community
10
Parks and wetlands, our
home in Tiparra Ave,
Park Holme
Quietness – except for
native birds that we
cultivate
Native gardens in
private homes,
although become less
as progress intrudes
We come from a live and
let live culture. Family
heritage late 1800s in
Australia
11
N/A
Wind, birds, children
playing
N/A
Visit the parks a lot
12
Kenton Ave Reserve
Birds tweeting
Gum leaves
Australian lifestyle
13
Wetlands above Sturt
Road and the remnant
orchard along Oliphant
Ave
Rustle of wind in the
trees, sound of birds
Almond blossom in
spring
Switching off, nostalgia
14
Warraparinga
Running water, distant
traffic
N/A
The running creek tells
of the past yet if you
listen you can hear the
modern highway traffic of
today Marion
15
Warriparinga
The sound of the Sturt
N/A
The natural part of the
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 44
16
The park on Seccafien
Avenue
River flowing through
this area
river is a reminder of why
the area was important
to both the Kaurna and
European settlers
The sound of the parrots N/A
in the big eucalyptus
trees in the park behind
our house
N/A
Coastal areas
17
Beach and seaside
areas
Seagulls and silence
Brine
N/A
18
Beach
N/A
Beach and sand
Go to the beach a lot
19
Beach
Trains, beach
Ocean
Close to my house
20
Marion coastal walk
N/A
Salt, cooking smells
These are the things that
make me feel relaxed
Transport
21
Most places
Train
N/A
N/A
22
Beside the tram
Tram bells
N/A
N/A
23
Beckman Street tram
stop
N/A
Lemon-scented gum
There's a beautiful big
gum tree at the tram stop
that scents the air in
cool, damp weather, and
it's fantastic, reminds me
why Adelaide is a great
place
Other
24
N/A
N/A
Clean air
N/A
Table 5: Sounds and smells associated with living in Marion
5.10 Question 10: Important traditions or customs practised by your
family
There were 25 valid responses to this question. They are detailed below in Table 6, broken down into
the themes of food; music and the arts; crafts, games and storytelling; and activities.
Responses covered a range of food activities from growing and cooking it to sharing it. One
respondent grows vegetables ‘as grandfather did’. Another notes the importance of simple comfort
foods like ‘milky tea, honey on toast -- they tend to reinforce a feeling of contentedness in our family’.
Music was recorded as a cultural practice by four respondents, and participation in arts festivals or art
by two respondents each. Five responses relate to the traditions of crafts, games or storytelling, with
one respondent stating that they ‘come from a family of handymen, these skills shown to each
generation’.
Two responses about contemporary cultural practices describes the adoption of new traditions: a
reference to playing the pokies at the Marion Hotel; and another to combining Swedish Christmas
traditions of ‘food and Santa on Christmas Eve’ with a celebration on Christmas Day with Australian
friends.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 45
IMPORTANT TRADITIONS OR CUSTOMS PRACTISED BY FAMILIES
#
Food
1
Still have vegetables growing as grandfather did
2
Baking cakes
3
Simple comfort foods are important to us at times – milky tea, honey on toast – they tend to reinforce a
feeling of contentedness in our family
4
Embrace other cultural food through cook books
5
Family BBQs
6
Having meals together on a regular basis. Having get-togethers with cousins and their families
Music and the arts
7
Scottish music and history of all kinds – Celtic, country, dance
8
Traditional English origin songs and stories
9
Songs, learning new instruments
10
Singing German choir, piano playing
11
Festivals
12
Going to arts festivals – particularly comedy shows; visiting museums
13
Through my mother we are artists, she had the last international WRENS Christmas card painting and my
son is an artist, furniture maker and sculptor.
14
Art is a big factor in our household. We are artists and run an art school in Marino
Crafts, games and storytelling
15
Puzzle solving
16
At family get-togethers we always play quiz games
17
Come from a family of handymen, these skills shown to each generation
18
Crafts especially textiles
19
Telling grandchildren what it was like in ‘our day’ (they often ask)
Activities and cultural practices
20
Dawn service on Anzac Day, all the family attend. Christmas and Easter attend church. Australia Day
attend a community event
21
Hallett Cove foreshore for Australia Day
22
A mix of Swedish and Australian traditions for Christmas and Easter, specific Swedish traditions for
Midsummer and Lucia celebrations (including dances, songs and special food). We read a lot together as
a family, and we spend a lot of time in nature. We, as most immigrants, are developing our own mix of
traditions from both countries. We put some kangaroo meat on the BBQ one day and eat Swedish pickled
herring another. We obviously can’t have a snowball fight on Christmas, but we celebrate the Swedish way
with Swedish traditional food and Santa on Christmas Eve, the way we do it ‘at home’, and then we
celebrate on Christmas Day with Australian friends too
23
For me the Marion Hotel and the pokie machines do the trick
24
Markets or movies, bike rides in the area and to the beach or towards Adelaide
25
Reading to each other, riding along coastal paths
Table 6: Important traditions or customs practised by families
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 46
5.11 Question 11: Contemporary things, stories, places or activities that
are important to record
This question asked respondents to record things that they believe are important to record and
promote for the future. There were 26 valid responses (see Table 7). No objects or things were noted.
CONTEMPORARY STORIES, PLACES AND ACTIVITIES
#
Stories
1
Past people who have made a difference in the area, people who are making a change
2
To record how different everything is now from the meagre existences of the past, to now the expectation
to have everything laid on from day one
3
People who live in the area and what their stories are, their children and neighbourhood activities
4
Local family histories
5
The experiences of everyday people, community events, arts events including festivals
6
Local history
7
It's hard to be clear about this until the time has passed. I enjoy reading people's recollections about and
reflections on their lives and am encouraging my father to write about his own life. I hope to do the same
8
I believe that all things relating to the Marion District should be recorded so that future generations can
reflect on what life was like for their forebears
9
Recording of peoples' recollections of former lifestyles in Marion
10
I did not have a grandfather as he was killed in WW1. Now as a grandfather myself it is important to tell
stories of the past, yet keep up with them on today’s stories
11
History of area
12
Beach culture
Places
13
The remaining vineyards and older houses - buy some of latter and set them up to show the furniture,
utensils, photos of era (would complement Marion Village)
14
Marion Historic Village
15
I really like the almond grove in Marion and the little field of vines in Oaklands Estate Park. I think these
are great signs of what Marion used to be like, and they break up the suburban feeling and connect Marion
more both to its past and to the countryside around it
16
Natural settings
17
Hallett Cove Conservation Park
18
Oaklands Park swimming pool
19
Annie Doolan's cottage, Marion Historic Village
20
I have researched all the scarred gum trees along the Sturt indicating the existence of the Kaurna people
Activities
21
Games, movies
22
Family – spending time with families and children. Spending time at the school and working with the class
23
Marion Celebrates Festival. History walks, History Month
24
Family cultural traditions including food, activities, holidays
Other
25
Multiculturalism
26
Environmental care
Table 7: Contemporary stories, places and activities
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 47
There were 12 responses under the stories theme, which were a mixture of past stories such as family
histories and former lifestyles, and contemporary stories like beach culture and stories of people living
in the area now. One respondent reflected ‘It’s hard to be clear about this until the time has passed’.
Responses for places (n=8) included both built structures like Annie Doolan’s Cottage and the Marion
Historic Village, and natural areas like Hallett Cove Conservation Park and the remaining vineyards
and almond groves. The swimming pool at Oaklands Park was also recorded, although it is not clear
whether this refers to the old open air pool or the new State Aquatic Centre.
5.12 Question 12: Traditions, stories or things in danger of being lost
This questions asked respondents to record those traditions, stories or things that they feel are in
danger of being lost. There were 19 valid responses (see Table 8).
Six responses fitted under the traditions theme, and of those, three related to use of time – the ‘rush,
rush, rush’ of today and a harking back to a simpler lifestyle; the disappearing of ‘free time’; and
spending time with families or at the school.
For the stories theme, there were 11 responses covering a wide range including the recording of oral
histories, retelling of family stories, the Indigenous and ‘migrant invasion’ connections, Kaurna
knowledge, and the stories associated with places like Marion, Glenthorne Farm, Oaklands Estate and
the Pethick family.
Two comments fitted under the theme of things that are in danger of being lost. One referred to the
native endemic biodiversity of the Field River, and the other to surviving historic features such as
vineyards, almond groves and old houses.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 48
TRADITIONS, STORIES OR THINGS IN DANGER OF BEING LOST
#
Traditions
1
Local activities – things people had an opportunity to participate in decision making
2
The simpler ways and lifestyle. RUSH RUSH RUSH
3
My American tradition of Thanksgiving
4
Reading
5
One of the things that I feel is in danger of disappearing is free time -- we try to make sure our kids have
enough unprogrammed family time so that they can get bored, and then learn how to *not* be bored ... by
reading, or going outside and climbing trees, or riding bikes/scooters around our street
6
Family – spending time with families and children. Spending time at the school and working with the class
Stories
7
Life stories from older citizens
8
I would recommend recording the oral histories of people who have lived in the Marion area for a long time
9
We encourage the continual retelling of 'family' stories and local tales from several generations.
Unfortunately, the family gatherings that perpetuate this are not deemed relevant by today's society
10
History of early family life in Marion
11
The street and the area has been totally redeveloped and there are very few now living from the past 60+
years
12
Both the Indigenous connection and the migrant invasion connection. We need to celebrate both. We have
already lost so much Indigenous knowledge of the area and are on the cusp of losing the migrant/invader
knowledge
13
Most of the people (whether Kaurna or European) who lived here until the suburbs encroached are no
longer with us and very few of them recorded their stories, whether in writing, photographs or on tape.
Through my membership and leadership of the Marion Historical Society I aim to address this situation
14
Glenthorne Farm lifestyle. Oaklands Estate and the Pethick family story
15
Kaurna stories
16
Old / early Marino and its history. The photos of the old shacks, shops and train line are fabulous but you
have to go really looking hard to find them. I have only found them in private collections of the older locals
17
History of area
Things
18
Remaining vineyards and older houses. Last few almond 'groves' – there are a few remaining trees
19
Field River native endemic biodiversity
Table 8: Traditions, stories or things in danger of being lost
5.13 Question 13: Your skills or traditional practices
There were six valid responses to this question. Two were from respondents who are already sharing
their skills with the community:

Acting as tour guide to Annie Doolan's Cottage and Marion Historic Village

Informing school children and residents of the area’s importance
Three responses offered to share art skills with others. And one response offered ‘Lots of old photos of
the district as it was once’.
Contact details for these respondents were provided to the Marion Cultural Heritage Officer.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 49
5.14 Question 14: Items of personal heritage for contribution to a local
cultural heritage database
There were seven valid responses to this question, with most respondents offering access to photos,
and one providing information about a unique tree.
Three responses related to photos that have already been submitted to the Marion Display Centre or
the Park Holme Library. The remaining four responses are listed below:

Some photos of the nursery where I worked from 1960 to 1966 and some of our home from
1950 to now, and a personal record of my memories of living here for 62 years

A number of pictures from 1961 onwards relating to activities on an almond property/market
garden

Many photos taken in the park

A tree unique to Marion:
In the Year of the Tree in 1982 Dean Ross of Ross Roses on Sturt Road developed a lemon
scented shaded gum tree which the Marion Rotary Club sold. This tree is unique and its
botanical named is Marion citradora. I can tell you where they are as they are meant for
parks not back or front yards
Contact details for these respondents were provided to the Marion Cultural Heritage Officer.
5.15 Question 15: Marion cultural heritage that is important to others
This question asked respondents to identify what has cultural heritage value in Marion that is important
to present to people who don’t live in the area. There were 21 valid responses, ranging from buildings
and natural areas to the history and stories associated with Marion (see Table 9).
Buildings associated with the Marion Historic Village and Heritage Walk were mentioned in five out of
the ten comments associated with the built environment. Patritti Wines was noted by one respondent –
this winery was established in 1926, and is the only fully-functioning winery remaining in metropolitan
Adelaide (Patritti Wines n.d.).
Natural areas included the coastal walks, Hallett Cove Conservation Park, the Field River, Perry Barr
Farm and the retention of plant biodiversity.
There were six comments regarding stories about Marion, with four of those focusing on its past
history, one on its contemporary cultural identity, and one on its place in the world – ‘It is a part of
Adelaide and Australia. Not just a small place’. Again, there was a reference to the possible pirate
influence in Marion’s connection to the sea trade.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 50
MARION CULTURAL HERITAGE THAT IS IMPORTANT TO OTHERS
#
Buildings
1
Patritti Wines
2
Old houses – they’re all being knocked down and places (units) with no character built
3
The Marion Historic Village and Museum
4
The museum, Gallery M and Cultural Centre, the Red House, places of interest named in the heritage walk
6
St Ann's Chapel and the fact that St Mary MacKillop is believed to have spent time in the area. There is a
stained glass window in St Ann’s dedicated to the memory of some of my ancestors but I have been
unable to gather information on why this is so
7
The Heritage Village area and the display
8
The display centre in Township Road and Annie Doolan’s Cottage in George Street, plus the heritage
walk around the village of Marion planned by Colonel Light in 1838
9
Gallery M
10
Marion Arts and Cultural Centre
Natural areas
11
Boardwalk along coast, Field River, Hallett Cove Conservation Park, Perry Barr Farm
12
The cliff top walk along Marino is important to the state
13
Beach culture and the natural / casual environment
14
Plant biodiversity retention
15
Hallett Cove Conservation Park
Marion stories
16
Not sure who may have once lived in Marion, but that could be of interest, especially if they are known
outside of SA
17
It is a part of Adelaide and Australia. Not just a small place
18
The Marion cultural identity
19
Stories of the market garden communities, the original lifestyle of Glenthorne
20
The history of the city, especially along and near Sturt Road; the development of Mitchell Park
21
Knowing that it was high on the list for the Capitol, its connection to the sea trade and possible pirate
influence, the early wine industry, the multicultural make-up of the inhabitants
Table 9: Marion cultural heritage that is important to others
5.16 Question 16: Interest in sharing family history or cultural heritage
Thirty respondents (50%) answered the question, with 11 of those responding in the affirmative. Of
those, ten (90.9%) provided their contact details later in question 18. Contact details for these
respondents were provided to the Marion Cultural Heritage Officer.
5.17 Question 17: Interest in involvement in workshops
Thirty-two respondents (53.3%) answered the question, with 14 of those responding in the affirmative.
Of those, 13 (92.8%) provided their contact details later in question 18. Contact details for these
respondents were provided to the Marion Cultural Heritage Officer.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 51
5.18 Question 18: Opportunity to register for more information
Nineteen people (31.6%) responded to this question, with all providing at least one point of contact,
spread evenly across name, address, email and phone number.
Four people registered for more information who had not responded Yes to questions 16 or 17,
indicating an interest in cultural heritage activities but not in participation in a workshop or sharing of
family history. Three of those four have lived in the area for between 32 and 40 years; the fourth has
lived in the area just two years.
Contact details for these respondents were provided to the Marion Cultural Heritage Officer.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 52
6 Discussion
A critical part of implementing Marion’s Cultural Heritage Framework is identifying the important
cultural heritage in Marion, both older and contemporary, tangible and intangible. The Cultural
Heritage Survey results have highlighted some key patterns and themes, which are detailed below.
6.1
Demographic patterns
Age range of sample group
The survey was designed to be inclusive of all ages and to capture information and ideas about
Marion’s living cultural heritage from a wide cross section of the population. For example, references
to the Marion Shopping Centre were made by two respondents in very different age groups; one was
aged between 25-35 years and the other 65-75 years.
Explanatory text at the survey start was carefully worded to include references to contemporary as
well as past heritage. In the same way, the survey questions were crafted to elicit current, present-day
responses to questions about important places and stories, emotions, sounds and smells. In spite of
this, many more older than younger people completed the survey – 65% of survey respondents were
older than 43 years. Only four respondents were under 18 years, and all of these submitted their
survey forms in hard copy through the Cove Youth Service at Hallett Cove. This under-representation
of younger people in the survey results is not unexpected. In her study on community-based heritage
questionnaires, McEgan found that respondents over 40 years of age were the most usual to return or
complete questionnaires (McEgan 2011:26).
Goodey, when discussing the interpretation of urban heritage, states that ‘Characteristically residents
or users have to wait until a first generation has reached retirement when one or more decides to offer
a history of their ‘pioneer’ lives’ (Goodey 2006:26). Further, Schofield and Szymanski (2011:1) discuss
change and how it occurs at different speeds, leading to a point when something becomes
reconfigured or fundamentally different. Perhaps this is why more older people than younger people
responded to this survey; a greater life experience enables them to look back and acknowledge the
changes, whereas younger people haven’t had enough time yet to process their experiences.
Certainly, one respondent, who was aged 43-54 years reflected ‘It's hard to be clear about this until
the time has passed’.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 53
Overseas-born respondents
In this survey sample group, 72.8% of respondents were Australian-born, and 27.1% came from
overseas. This profile is similar to the most recent statistics available for the City of Marion from 2006,
which show that 72.9% of residents were Australian-born and 22.4% overseas-born (City of Marion
Community Profile 2012a).
When broken down further, the survey responses show that for overseas-born respondents, 20.3%
came from countries where English is the main language (United Kingdom, Ireland, United States),
and 6.8% from countries where English is not the main language (Holland, Sweden, Papua New
Guinea, India). This differs from the overall Marion statistics, which show that 10.9% originate from
countries where English is the main language, and 11.5% from non-English speaking backgrounds
(City of Marion Community Profile 2012b).
It was suggested that there may be a correlation between overseas-born respondents and time living
in Marion eg being part of the post-war migration and building of Marion. However, analysis of the
responses does not bear this out. Table 10, where each line represents an individual who was born
overseas, shows that there is no clear correlation between being overseas-born, age and length of
time living in Marion. The three overseas-born respondents aged over 75 years have all lived in
Marion as adults, but the length of time varies from 50 to 34 to ten years. This indicates that, for those
respondents born overseas, their time in Marion has more to do with choice than circumstance.
Further analysis correlating this small sample group against their decisions to live in the area may
provide more information.
OVERSEAS-BORN – CORRELATION BETWEEN AGE AND LENGTH OF TIME IN MARION
#
Place of birth
Age
Time living in Marion
1
Holland
>75 years
As an adult, 34 years
2
United Kingdom
>75 years
As an adult, 10 years
3
United Kingdom
>75 years
As an adult, 50 years
4
United Kingdom
55-64 years
As an adult, 30 years
5
United Kingdom
55-64 years
Not living in Marion
6
Ireland
55-64 years
As an adult, 35 years
7
United Kingdom
55-64 years
As an adult, 25 years
8
Ireland
43-54 years
As an adult, 13 years
9
United Kingdom
43-54 years
Since I was a child (primary school age or younger),
since 1975
10
Papua New Guinea
43-54 years
As an adult, 10 years
11
United States
36-42 years
As an adult, 10 years
12
Sweden
25-35 years
As an adult, 1½ years
13
India
25-35 years
As an adult, 6 years
14
United States
25-35 years
As an adult, 2 years
15
United Kingdom
18-24 years
No response
16
United Kingdom
<18 years
Since I was a child (primary school age or younger)
Table 10: Overseas-born – correlation between age and length of time in Marion
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 54
Internet access and older people
Despite initial concerns that an online survey may exclude older people, the survey responses show
that of the 15 respondents who provided email addresses in their contact details, 11 of those were
over 55 years of age, including three over 75 years (see Figure 41). An additional three respondents
left contact details but omitted email addresses – these were spread across the age groups (see
Figure 41).
This does not align with Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) figures which indicate much lower uses
of the internet among older age groups (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011). It’s not clear whether
this is a changing trend – internet statistics can change significantly over a couple of years and the
ABS statistics date from 2008-09 – or whether the City of Marion is unusual in internet access.
However, it does indicate that conducting a survey online does not automatically exclude older people.
6
5
5
4
3
3
3
Email provided
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
>75 years
No email
2
0
65-75 years 55-64 years 43-54 years 25-35 years
Figure 41: Age ranges for respondents who provided email contact details
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 55
6.2
Emerging themes
Official and unofficial heritage
The unofficial, ordinary heritage of the community is what the City of Marion Cultural Heritage Survey
set out to explore and identify. The two maps in Appendix 5 illustrate some of the different aspects of
Marion’s community heritage. The first map shows officially recognised state and local heritage places.
The second shows places named as important in the Cultural Heritage Survey. These have been
superimposed on a copy of the first map, illustrating where heritage overlaps, and also where it is
emerging.
When examining the second map, it can be seen that the majority of places considered important by
the survey sample group are in the northern half of the Council area. This also aligns with the listed
heritage places that are recognised officially. However, the survey responses reveal a wider view of
what’s important to local people, and do not just reflect the built environment as per Local Heritage
Places and, in the main, the SA Heritage Register. Note that there was no question in the survey
about the suburb of Marion that people were residing in, so it is not possible to determine whether
there is a correlation between place of residence and places nominated as important. The northern
half of the council area, however, has been settled for much longer than the newer southern suburbs
of Hallett Cove, Sheidow Park and Trott Park. This suggests that either developments in the south
have removed what people think of as heritage, or that heritage in the southern area needs to be
researched to redress the imbalance.
There is a large overlap in the Marion Historic Village, where several buildings are listed as having
heritage value, either on the SA Heritage Register or as Local Heritage Places. Whilst these buildings
were noted by survey respondents, the remnant almond orchard along Oliphant Avenue was also
cited. Almonds were once one of the main tourism drawcards for Marion, with thousands of visitors
coming on tour buses every July until the 1950s to view the almond blossom (Donley 2001:36-37).
The almond orchards are no longer part of the Marion landscape but they live on in people’s
memories, and the remnants are important tangible reminders of the past. One respondent stated that
they are ‘great signs of what Marion used to be like, they break up the suburban feeling and connect
Marion more both to its past and to the countryside around it’.
The Sturt River featured in many survey comments, with the following places being cited as important
– river red gums, scar trees, the bike track, history of flooding prior to the drainage scheme, the
concrete drain, natural parts of the river, bridges, the wetlands, quiet and dense vegetation,
connection with the Kaurna people, sound of the river flowing. Although the survey comments apply to
the Sturt River in its entirety as it crosses the Marion Council area, there is no official heritage
acknowledgement of the river except that it flows through the state heritage-listed Warriparinga, which
also includes Fairford House, the coach house and grounds.
By contrast, in the southern half of the Council area, another natural area, the Hallett Cove
Conservation Park, is listed on the SA Heritage Register as a significant geological site. However, it is
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 56
for a whole range of non-geological reasons that many survey respondents listed Hallett Cove as
important to them – beautiful, relaxing, going there as a teenager and ‘seeing the little wooden sheds
on the beach’, the café, natural beach, friendly people. In this instance, there was no perceived
connection by survey respondents between the social and scientific significance of the site.
Contemporary places are noted in the survey responses, showing how heritage is evolving. These
include the Westfield Marion Shopping Centre with ‘its endless variety of shops and services’, local
reserves, children’s playgrounds, sports grounds and parks. Again there is some overlap between the
official and emerging heritage. The Moreton Bay fig tree in the Fisk Avenue Reserve at Glengowrie
was noted as important by one respondent. This tree was previously recorded in the 1990 heritage
survey of Marion, and noted as the dominant feature of the reserve, ‘so much so that the City acquired
a portion of land to ensure that proposed new development would not damage the tree’ (Donovan and
Associates 1990:n.p.). In fact, several other places that were recorded in that 1990 survey were also
mentioned in this survey, (eg the Oliphant Avenue almonds, Sturt River), showing crossover points
where professional and public opinions meet.
Interpreting intangible heritage
Intangible heritage – the aesthetic or intangible values associated with a place – is important in this
survey, with the questions constructed partially around the aesthetic values of smells, sounds and
emotions.
The Burra Charter (1999) indicates that the criteria for assessing aesthetic value and significance may
include smells, sounds and feelings associated with a place (Marquis-Kyle and Walker 2004:80).
Responses to survey questions were wide-ranging when it came to measuring aesthetic value. With
regards to sounds and smells, contemporary examples were cited more frequently than past ones. For
example, natural smells like gardens, roses, gum leaves and the ocean were associated with current
experiences such as relaxing, the Australian lifestyle and going to the beach. Most of the sounds
mentioned were present-day ones such as traffic, sirens, children playing, birdsong and the wind in the
trees. Unsurprisingly, the smells and sounds are all common to a suburban, beachside environment.
Only one series of sounds was associated with past times – the rabbito, baker and horse.
Using these results as a guide, it would seem that asking people to important identify sounds and
smells is an effective way of identifying intangible contemporary heritage, although further research is
merited.
People’s homes, perhaps unsurprisingly, were strongly associated with emotions and feelings in the
survey results. Homes were described as connected with mainly positive emotions such as safety,
comfort, belonging, close community, fun times. One respondent described their residence as
associated with restlessness and ‘unbelonging’ because ‘it’s not home’; this particular respondent was
a young person studying at Flinders University from interstate.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 57
Cultural mapping
The data recorded in this survey is equivalent to a large store of local knowledge, stories and voices,
eg the story about the old houses on Wallala Avenue which were built by a respondent’s grandfather
and great grandfather; the three little shops at Marion Road built in the 1950s by a Bulgarian
immigrant who handmade every concrete brick; the unknown man who used to keep the Marino cliff
top walk tidy and freshly planted.
The notion of developing community maps could be one way of protecting, promoting and managing
this knowledge. In the United Kingdom, ‘parish maps’ have been used successfully as a means of
community engagement, with the term ‘parish’ signifying ‘a small place defined from within’ and maps
taking the form of a poster, photo collage, tapestry or painting, movie, or set of flags (Clifford 2011:1516). Other means of capturing local heritage have included creating an ABC as a way of portraying a
place and starting the process of understanding what a place means (Clifford 2011:20). Some details
from a parish map and an ABC are shown below in Figure 42 and Figure 43. Note that ABCs don’t
have to be graphically represented; they could also be portrayed as a list of words on a web page,
poster or brochure.
Figure 42: Parish map (England in Particular n.d.(b))
Figure 43: An ABC of Bicester (England in Particular n.d.(a))
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 58
In a similar mapping project, Harrison (2011:79-98) outlined two case studies in New South Wales that
were undertaken between 2000 and 2004. They aimed to try to connect Indigenous and nonIndigenous heritage management, and to look at how landscape approaches to cultural heritage
documentation could be used in an Australian context.
One of the case studies was to record the heritage landscapes associated with mustering cattle in a
mountainous area of north-eastern NSW. They mapped the mustering and travel routes in the area,
and marked huts, camps and yards. The resulting map demonstrated ‘that the area now managed as
‘wilderness’ has had a long history of thorough infiltration by Aboriginal people, cattle and pastoralists
that has played a fundamental role in forming the landscape’ (Harrison 2011:84). The other study was
of Dennawan, a nineteenth century village and Aborigines [sic] Inland Missionary outpost, and from
where Aboriginal people were removed in the 1940s. As well as mapping the artefacts and structural
features at the site, digital audio recordings were also taken (Harrison 2011:81-90).
An alternative way of mapping stories is to present them digitally. A digital story telling project, the
Wangaratta Digital Quilt, (see Figure 44 and Figure 45), was successfully carried out in Victoria as part
of a project called Generations Wangaratta that took place over three years, finishing about 2009. The
digital quilt initiative was intended to encourage storytelling and the sharing of stories between
generations and includes a series of short films and interviews with local residents and visitors,
focusing on three areas:

The local waterways and their relationship with residents

What people value from previous generations, and what has altered

Changes that have occurred in Wangaratta, including the physical landscape and how people
live and work in the region
Figure 44: Wangaratta Digital Quilt home page (Rural City of Wangaratta n.d.)
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 59
Figure 45: How the digital quilt films are introduced to the user (Rural City of Wangaratta n.d.)
Cultural mapping encourages people to ‘celebrate their experiences of the everyday’ (Harrison
2011:91). It could be used in Marion to capture snapshots of everyday life and memories. The results
could be preserved on Marion’s cultural heritage database, and portrayed in cultural maps either
online or in the physical world. Home, which has been described as ‘the ultimate in local’ (Schofield
and Szymanski 2011:4), and is closely related to a sense of place, could be a starting point for cultural
mapping workshops.
Significance of public art
One of the survey questions asked about cultural centres and attractions visited in the past two years.
Public art was visited by almost half (44.8%) of the respondents. The City of Marion’s belief is that ‘Art
in public places can be chanced upon by accident; it is free and it enriches our everyday experience’
(City of Marion 2012c). As such, it is featured in many Council areas including along the coastline, the
Marion Cultural Centre, Marion Historic Village, Living Kaurna Cultural Centre and the Warriparinga
wetlands.
Figure 46 below shows the Contemplation artwork which represents an overturned boat and is found
on the Marino esplanade. Figure 47 and Figure 48 depict two of the five statues of Little Marion
located around the Marion Historic Village, reminding visitors of past childhood experiences. The
statues often have fresh ribbons in their hair – these are replaced regularly by a local woman who is
undoubtedly part of the community’s living cultural heritage.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 60
Figure 46: Contemplation. Photo: Susan Arthure
Figure 47: Little Marion Pondering. Photo: Susan Arthure
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 61
Figure 48: Little Marion Skipping, with ribbons in her hair. Photo: Susan Arthure
Public art takes art out of galleries and into the public arena, helping to make it more accessible. Parr
describes it as ‘a very powerful medium for interpretation’ with ‘the capacity to engage with its
audience in a very personal, and even spiritual way’ (Parr 2006:124). It is an ideal means of
interpreting local community heritage in a non-threatening, engaging manner, making it an effective
means of capturing intangible heritage in a real and accessible way.
Future surveys could gather information on community responses to public art in Marion eg whether
the art on its own communicates a message or if it needs explanatory signs, whether the community
believes the artworks are targeted at locals or tourists, whether they are seen as heritage items. Some
of the respondents to this survey have offered help as artists, and it may be useful to use them as
local resources.
Missing elements
In everyday life, are there background elements that are tuned out, or not noted as important because
they’re always present? A missing element in this survey is the Morphettville Racecourse. It’s the last
remaining horse racing course in metropolitan Adelaide, and is located on the northern boundary of
the Marion Council area, surrounded by stables and houses.
The racecourse contributes to the cultural heritage of the area in a number of tangible ways – the
races, the 1913 state heritage listed grandstand, the recently established wetlands, and even the fact
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 62
that stable owners leave bags of horse manure for people to take for their gardens. Only one survey
response touched on this horse racing world, with a mention of the Morphettville stables and the
associated intangible smell of horses.
However, another intangible part of the racecourse heritage was established recently. On 12 May
st
2012, a new Australian record was set when Black Caviar won her 21 consecutive race at 4.20pm in
front of a sell-out crowd of 30,000 (Adelaide Now 2012). Interestingly, as well as the paying crowd
inside the course, a group of about 150 people of all ages gathered at the perimeter fence near the
starting boxes to see this record breaking race. This intangible memory was commemorated within a
couple of weeks when some ‘Black Caviar’ graffiti appeared on a water tank near the perimeter fence
(see Figure 49). It could be argued that this is one graffiti artist’s endeavour at capturing the essence
of the moment, and successfully blending the intangible memory with the tangible expression of
contemporary art.
Figure 49: Black Caviar graffiti. Photo: Susan Arthure
6.3
Conclusion and recommendations
Schofield and Szymanski discuss local-ness and the things that are considered special, referring to
‘things (which can mean places, objects, cultural traditions, landscape components) that are valued
locally, that characterise a local area, that give a place distinctive quality, that set it apart from other
places’ (Schofield and Szymanski 2011:2). This has come through in the survey results, both for
historic and contemporary places. In the southern half of the Council area, the Cove Youth Service
was mentioned by three different respondents, illustrating the ‘ordinary, mundane, everyday places,
the commonplace in national terms, but deeply ingrained with local significance and special to those
who live there’ (Schofield and Szymanski 2011:2).
The key factor now is for the City of Marion and residents to use the survey results as the baseline on
which to continue working together. A recent success relates to the Oliphant Avenue almonds.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 63
Following a May 2012 meeting with members of the community about street trees in the Marion
Historic Village area, the Council is planning to plant almond trees along the historic walk and in key
feature areas (pers comm Anita McDonald 23 May 2012). The continued involvement of community
members through workshops, meetings and historical societies will help to sustain the success of
Marion’s Cultural Heritage Framework.
Clearly, the Cultural Heritage Survey has provided a wealth of information from respondents about the
Marion community’s living cultural heritage. Making the survey available online was a successful tactic
and does not appear to have excluded older people (although the fact that printed surveys were also
available was a good safeguard). This is a useful consideration for future surveys since online
questionnaires can be made available quickly and cheaply, allowing for wide consultation.
Using this data as a baseline, several strategies can be developed and implemented to assist in
managing heritage in the City of Marion. Based on the survey findings, the strategies will be most
relevant if they focus on two areas:

The ordinary, everyday, domestic lives of Marion people eg celebrating and remembering
places like the home, children’s playgrounds, local parks and reserves, the remnant almond
orchards, Marion Shopping Centre

Crossover points where professional expertise and public opinion meet eg Marion Historic
Village, Warriparinga and the Living Kaurna Cultural Centre, Hallett Cove Conservation Park,
the Sturt River
Recommendations aligned with these focus areas are listed below.
Recommendations
1. Use the survey data as a focus point for exploring ways to record, preserve, interpret and promote
socially significant cultural heritage in the City of Marion. Examples include:

Cultural mapping project – this could start with a series of living memory workshops that
capture snapshots of everyday life and memories, with outcomes such as a community or
cultural map, a digital quilt, digital stories, public artwork. A cultural mapping project could also
be used to focus on interesting but little known elements of Marion’s history, such as the
alleged link with pirates, and the fact that Colonel Light wanted to have this area as the Capitol

Oral history project focusing on the home and domestic objects, capturing the domestic stories
and lives of women, children and men across generations. Contemporary and past stories
could be collected. An oral interpretive professional could be used to lead the project, with a
professional story teller recording the stories, and the City of Marion making them available
digitally

Interpretive signage along the Sturt River – the river was noted frequently in the survey data
for a wide range of heritage areas: its natural heritage of trees and wetlands; historic heritage
of bridges, history of flooding and the drainage scheme; cultural significance to the Kaurna
people; aesthetic significance of the sounds of the flowing water, the wind and birds in the
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 64
trees. Interpretive signs could be developed and placed at key points along the river. In
2
addition to information on the sign, technology such as QR codes could be used to provide
more detail eg by linking the user to web content, digital stories, or audio files offering a
cultural soundscape of voices or natural sounds

Plantings – the smells of native gardens, gum leaves, roses and almond blossoms were all
recorded as significant by respondents. These aesthetic memories can be recalled as people
walk through Marion parks and reserves. The recent decision by the Council to plant
additional almonds along the historic walk aligns well with this. The Marion citradora lemon
scented gum is another tree that could be used in parks, and existing examples highlighted by
signage explaining its uniqueness to the Marion area

Remembering the ordinary people who have been important in Marion eg the man who kept
the Marion clifftop walk tidy and freshly planted, Stan Fancoff who built three shops by hand
on Marion Road, the woman who puts fresh ribbons in the hair of the Little Marion sculptures
2. Continue to involve and engage community members in heritage management across the Marion
Council area:

Eighteen survey respondents left their contact details and an indication of how they would like
to be involved in the future. These respondents could be used as the basis for establishing a
group of ‘heritage champions’, or as an entry point to historical societies or groups that they
may already be associated with. They may be willing to be involved in traditional skills
exhibitions or workshops, culture-related activities in community centres or schools, or in
gathering responses to public art. In addition, they are an ideal group to act as a bridge
between the ‘professional’ and the ‘public’, and could assist in the interpretation of heritage
where it overlaps between professional expertise and public interest eg Marion Historic Village
and the almonds, Warriparinga and the Sturt River

The Marion Cultural Heritage Framework (City of Marion 2011b) and the Community
Consultation and Engagement Policy (City of Marion 2010b) can be used to guide these
collaborative approaches and ensure representation across the community. They will also
help to ensure that both professional and community expertise are accessed to record,
remember and interpret our heritage
3. Use the internet as a widely available, cost effective resource to engage the community. Strategies
include:

Using the Marion Matters community consultation website to engage the community on
heritage matters. Functionality available on the site includes a discussion forum, news area,
quick poll and text area for a project description. One or more of these could be used for
quick, simple consultations

Making the survey results available to the public by posting this report on the Flinders
University or City of Marion websites
2
QR codes are two dimensional barcodes that can be scanned using a smartphone. They are used to present additional
information on the user’s phone or direct them to a website.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 65

Posting heritage related updates on the City of Marion facebook page. The Department of
Environment and Natural Resources’ Parks SA facebook page
(https://www.facebook.com/ParksSA), is a good example of engaging a target audience. Since
going live in March 2012, it now has over 700 ‘likers’ and an active community of people
commenting and submitting photos (DENR 2012)
4. Antiques roadshow. No objects were recorded in this survey, and it is possible that people need to
see or touch an object for it to trigger a memory. An alternative way of identifying meaningful local
objects might be to host an antiques roadshow event, using Flinders University archaeology
students as volunteer appraisers. The State Library of SA held a fundraiser Collectible Treasures
roadshow in May 2012 where, for a small fee, people could bring their paper-based collectible
treasures for expert appraisal. It may be useful to discuss its success with them, with a view to
hosting an antiques roadshow event at the next Marion Celebrates Festival, due to be held in
March 2013
5. Heritage research projects in conjunction with Flinders University Archaeology Department, with
two potential projects as a direct result of this survey:

Research relating to the almond orchards, which were widespread in Marion and continue to
be significant in local heritage. It would be useful to investigate the almond market: whether
the trade was local, interstate or overseas; if the end product was nuts, almond meal, almond
oil, or marzipan; whether the orchards influenced culinary activities locally; the aesthetic
significance of the blossom and associated tourism

Study of Patritti Wines to record and interpret their impact and significance in the Marion
cultural landscape. Patritti’s is the only fully-functioning winery remaining in metropolitan
Adelaide, and one survey respondent noted Patritti’s as a place they associated with
happiness because this is where their ‘taste for wine’ began
6. Further analysis or research relating to this survey data eg correlating the small sample group of
overseas-born people against their decisions to live in the area; following up more of the stories,
persons and places mentioned in the survey; investigating heritage in the southern area of the
Marion council. Discussions with members of the three local historical groups – the Marion
Historical Society, the Friends of Annie Doolan’s Cottage, and the Marion Historic Village Display
Group – could help to identify heritage stories associated with heritage places
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 66
7 References
st
Adelaide Now 2012 Fashionable Folk Flock to the Track for Black Caviar’s 21 . Retrieved 12 March
2012 from http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/sport/superracing/fashionable-folk-flock-to-the-track-forblack-caviars-21st/story-fn67mcwv-1226353664395.
Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011 Online @ Home. 4102.0, Australian Social Trends, Jun 2011.
Retrieved 17 June 2012 from
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features50Jun+2011.
City of Marion 2007a City of Marion Boundary Map. Retrieved 30 May 2012 from
http://www.marion.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/City_Boundary_Map.pdf.
City of Marion 2007b Neighbourhood Council Maps. Retrieved 24 June 2012 from
http://www.marion.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/Neighb_Councils.pdf.
City of Marion 2010a Broad Horizons Bright Future: City of Marion Strategic Plan 2010/2020.
Oaklands Park, SA: City of Marion.
City of Marion 2010b Community Consultation and Engagement Policy. Oaklands Park, SA: City of
Marion.
City of Marion 2011a Cultural Heritage Action Plan. Oaklands Park, SA: City of Marion.
City of Marion 2011b Cultural Heritage Framework. Oaklands Park, SA: City of Marion.
City of Marion 2012a About the City of Marion. Retrieved 26 May 2012 from
http://www.marion.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=715.
City of Marion 2012b City of Marion Home Page. Retrieved 14 April 2012 from
http://www.marion.sa.gov.au/page.aspx.
City of Marion 2012c Gallery M. Retrieved 6 May 2012 from
http://www.marion.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=251.
City of Marion 2012d Marion Cultural Centre. Retrieved 6 May 2012 from
http://www.marion.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=236.
City of Marion 2012e Marion Learning Festival. Retrieved 6 May 2012 from
http://www.marion.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=439.
City of Marion 2012f Marion Library Service. Retrieved 6 May 2012 from
http://www.marion.sa.gov.au/libraries.
City of Marion 2012g Public Art in Marion. Retrieved 6 May 2012 from
http://www.marion.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=212.
City of Marion Community Profile 2012a City of Marion Key Statistics. Retrieved 26 May 2012 from
http://profile.id.com.au/Default.aspx?id=321&pg=138&gid=10&type=enum.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 67
City of Marion Community Profile 2012b Where Were We Born? Birthplace. Retrieved 16 June 2012
from http://profile.id.com.au/Default.aspx?id=321&pg=103&gid=10&type=enum.
Clifford, S. 2011 Local distinctiveness: everyday places and how to find them. In J. Schofield and R.
Szymanski (eds) Local Heritage, Global Context: Cultural Perspectives on Sense of Place, pp.13-32.
Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing.
DENR (Department of Environment and Natural Resources) 2012 Parks SA Facebook Page.
Retrieved 27 June 2012 from https://www.facebook.com/ParksSA.
Dolling, A. 1981 The History of Marion on the Sturt: The Story of a Changing Landscape and Its
People. Frewville, South Australia: Peacock Publications.
Donley, R.J.R. 2001 Marion 1945-2000: A Suburban City. Norwood, South Australia: Peacock
Publications.
Donovan and Associates 1990 City of Marion Heritage Survey. Unpublished report to the City of
Marion.
DPTI (Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure) 2012 Heritage Places Database Search.
Retrieved 6 June 2012 from http://www.planning.sa.gov.au/index.cfm?objectID=F2ADC01D-F2030D46-AD421807BC2E7F91.
England in Particular n.d.(a) An ABC of Bicester. Retrieved 18 June 2012 from http://www.england-inparticular.info/abc/ab-abc6.html.
England in Particular n.d.(b) Parish Maps. Retrieved 18 June 2012 from http://www.england-inparticular.info/parishmaps/m-index.html.
Goodey, B. 2006 Interpreting urban heritage. In M. Blockley and A. Hems (eds) Heritage
Interpretation, pp.9-32. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge.
Harrison, R. 2011 Counter-mapping heritage, communities and places in Australia and the UK. In J.
Schofield and R. Szymanski (eds) Local Heritage, Global Context: Cultural Perspectives on Sense of
Place, pp.79-98. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing.
Howard, P. 2003 Heritage: Management, Interpretation, Identity. London: Continuum.
Lightfoot, S. 2011 Community Consultation Strategies for the Development of Cultural Heritage
Management Projects in the City of Marion. Unpublished report to the City of Marion and Flinders
University Archaeology Department.
Marquis-Kyle, P. and M. Walker 2004 The Illustrated Burra Charter: Good Practice for Heritage
Places. Burwood, Vic: Australia ICOMOS.
McEgan, J. 2011 An Investigation into Community-Based Questionnaires in Heritage Management.
Unpublished report to the City of Marion and Flinders University Archaeology Department.
Parr, C. 2006 Public art: its role as a medium for interpretation. In M. Blockley and A. Hems (eds)
Heritage Interpretation, pp.123-140. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 68
Patritti Wines n.d. Patritti Wines, South Australia. Retrieved 4 June 2012 from
http://www.patritti.com.au/home.
Rural City of Wangaratta n.d. Wangaratta Digital Quilt. Retrieved 27 June 2012 from
http://www.wangarattadigitalquilt.com.au/.
Schofield, J. and R. Szymanski 2011 Sense of place in a changing world. In J. Schofield and R.
Szymanski (eds) Local Heritage, Global Context: Cultural Perspectives on Sense of Place, pp.1-11.
Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing.
Stiles, S., E. Sykora, V. Coutsoumbes and P. Walton n.d. ‘Living Our Culture’: The City of Marion
Cultural Plan 2005 – 2010. Oaklands Park, SA: City of Marion.
Sue, V.M. and L.A. Ritter 2007 Conducting Online Surveys. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Wood, V. 1998 Aboriginal Heritage Study of the Land Management Corporation’s Land at Science
Park (Warriparinga). Unpublished report to the Land Management Corporation, Adelaide.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 69
8 Appendix 1: Survey advert in Messenger Press
This advert for the cultural heritage survey was published in the local Messenger Press on 7 March
2012. Its size was 2MH ie 188mm x 63mm.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 70
9 Appendix 2: Cultural Heritage Survey printed version
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 71
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 72
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 73
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 74
10 Appendix 3: Cultural Heritage Survey online version
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 75
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 76
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 77
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 78
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 79
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 80
11 Appendix 4: Photographic recording form
Project:
ARCH8404 Directed Study in Archaeology
Analysis of Marion Cultural Heritage Survey
Researcher: Susan Arthure
Photographic Proforma
Camera:
Proforma No: 1
Canon Powershot SX10 IS
MARION CULTURAL HERITAGE SURVEY –PHOTOS
Photo No
Context/Subject/Description
Photographer
full name
Date
Direction
of view
Coordinates
WGS84, Zone
54H
6254, 625657
Little Marion Skipping, outside Annie
Doolan’s Cottage
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
North east E 0276963
N 6123233
6259
Plaque – St Ann’s Church Bell
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6260
Plaque – Little Marion Skipping
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6261-62
St Ann’s Church Bell
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6263
Annie Doolan’s Cottage
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6265
Plaque – Annie Doolan’s Cottage
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6266-68
Little Marion Pondering, on Finniss St Susan Arthure
bridge
22 Apr 2012
6271
Plaque – Sturt River
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6272
Plaque – Little Marion Pondering
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6276
Plaque – Finniss Street Bridge
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6277
Plaque – Water Pump
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6278
Water pump, with graffiti
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6279
Plaque – Finniss Street
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6280
Plaque – Little Marion Welcoming
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6281-85
Little Marion Welcoming, at the gate
to the Marion Historic Village
Susan Arthure
6287, 6290,
6292-95
Little Marion Peering, into the well.
6288
South east E 0276973
N 6123246
South
E 0276987
N 6123345
South
E 0277017
N 6123333
22 Apr 2012
South
E 0277112
N 6123484
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
West
E 0277142
N 6123547
Plaque – Western Family Well
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6289
Plaque – Little Marion Peering
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6296-98
Little Marion Pondering
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6299-00
Little Marion Skipping
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6301
Plaque – Annie Doolan’s Cottage
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6304, 6309,
6311, 6315
Little Marion Waiting – for a game of
hopscotch, George St Reserve
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6305
Plaque – Little Marion Waiting
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6306-08
Hopscotch
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6314
Plaque – George Street Reserve
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6316-19
Light Square
Susan Arthure
22 Apr 2012
6320
Contemplation public artwork at
Susan Arthure
13 May 2012
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
E 0276632
N 6123179
North
E 0272980
Page 81
Marino, taken from boardwalk above
N 6119468
6321
Sign leading to Contemplation public
artwork at Marino, showing Kaurna
shield
Susan Arthure
13 May 2012
South
west
E 0273014
N 6119532
6325
Contemplation public artwork at
Marino
Susan Arthure
13 May 2012
South
west
E 0272991
N 6119497
6364, 6366
Black Caviar graffiti on water tank at
back of Morphettville racecourse
Darragh Kearns 10 Jun 2012
North
E0276019
N6126333
6368
Black Caviar graffiti on water tank at
back of Morphettville racecourse
Susan Arthure
10 Jun 2012
North
E0276019
N6126333
6370, 6371
Moreton Bay Fig tree on Willoughby
Ave, Glengowrie at Fisk Ave
playground
Susan Arthure
10 Jun 2012
East
E0275079
N6126351
6372-6374
Racehorse sign on Morphett Road,
outside Morphettville racecourse
Susan Arthure
10 Jun 2012
South
E0275253
N6126578
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 82
12 Appendix 5: Maps showing Marion’s heritage places
The maps on the following pages illustrate two different aspects of Marion’s community heritage.
The first map shows officially recognised state and local heritage places in the City of Marion. It
includes built and natural features. It was created for the author by the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources’ Customer Service Centre, based on information in their mapping databases.
The second map shows places named as important in the Cultural Heritage Survey. These places
have been superimposed by hand on a copy of the first map, illustrating where heritage overlaps, and
also where it is emerging.
Note that in both instances, the maps are an indication only; they are not definitively correct and
contains errors and inaccuracies. There is also the issue that some heritage cannot be conveniently
'mapped', this is especially true for stories and memories that are not associated with a particular
place.
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 83
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 84
Marion Cultural Heritage Survey Report
June 2012
Page 85
City of Marion Heritage Places
GLANDORE
HOLDFAST BAY
PLYMPTON
PARK
SOUTH
PLYMPTON
EDWARDSTOWN
MORPHETTVILLE
PARK
HOLME
GLENGOWRIE
ASCOT
PARK
CLOVELLY
PARK
WARRADALE
MARION
PORT GLENELG
MITCHELL
PARK
OAKLANDS
PARK
BRIGHTON JETTY
BEDFORD
PARK
SEACOMBE
GARDENS
STURT
DOVER
GARDENS
SEACOMBE
HEIGHTS
MARION
DARLINGTON
MARINO ROCKS
SEAVIEW
DOWNS
MARINO
SEACLIFF
PARK
HALLETT COVE
O'HALLORAN
HILL
TROTT
PARK
SHEIDOW PARK
Produced by
Railways
Local Government Boundary
Tramway
Track
Stopping Place
State Heritage Places
Local
State
E H S ta n d
D
a rd
MARION
MARION
Local Government Name
Suburb Name
Expressway; Highway
Arterial road
Other road
0
±
Kms
Data Source
Compiled
Projection
Datum
1
Customer Service Centre
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
PO Box 1047 Adelaide SA 5001
Web: www.environment.sa.gov.au/mapland
Base data - Client Services, DENR
31 May 2012
Lambert Conformal Conic
Geocentric Datum of Australia, 1994
© Copyright Department of Environment and Natural Resources 2012.
All Rights Reserved. All works and information displayed are subject to Copyright. For
the reproduction or publication beyond that permitted by the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth)
written permission must be sought from the Department.
Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information displayed,
the Department, its agents, officers and employees make no representations, either express
or implied, that the information displayed is accurate or fit for any purpose and expressly
disclaims all liability for loss or damage arising from reliance upon the information displayed.