AN ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS’ POLITENESS
STRATEGY IN CHARLES DICKEN’S NOVEL
“OLIVER TWIST”
THESIS
By:
Duwi Astuti
07360186
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
AUGUST 2012
AN ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS’ POLITENESS
STRATEGY IN CHARLES DICKEN’S NOVEL
“OLIVER TWIST”
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements
to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
By:
DUWI ASTUTI
07360186
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
AUGUST 2012
ii
This thesis written by Duwi Astuti was approved on August 01st, 2012
By:
Advisor II,
Advisor I,
DR. Sri Hartiningsih, M. M
Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M. Hum
iii
This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher
Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and eccepted as one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
on August 01st, 2012
Approved by:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dean,
Dr. M. Syaifuddin, M.M.
Examiners:
Signatures:
1. Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M. Si.
1. ………………………..
2. Santi Prastiyowati, S. Pd.
2. ………………………..
3. Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M. Hum.
3. ………………………..
4. DR. Sri Hartiningsih, M. M.
4. ………………………..
iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
‫تضم يتلا مايالا عجرت نل‬
DON’T WAIT TILL TOMORROW WHAT YOU CAN DO TODAY
Dedication:
I dedicate this thesis to:
My beloved Father and mother,
My beloved Husband,
My sister and nieces,
My pet and my friends,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
Alhamdulilah, all Praises to Allah, the King of the King, the Most Merciful,
and the Most Gracious, who has given her the guidance and blessing in finishing this
thesis entitled “Politeness Strategies in Charles Dickens’ novel “Oliver Twist”.
Sholawat and Salam are also delivered to Prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought
Islam as the Rahmatan Lil Alamiin.
Then, the researcher would like to express her great appreciation and thanks to
the people who have helped her in completing this thesis. She thanks to:
1. Her first advisor, Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M. Hum and her second
advisor, DR. Sri Hartiningsih, M. M, for the guidance, suggestion, correction,
and comment on this thesis. Without their guidance, this thesis would have
never finished.
2. Her beloved parents, Mamak Ponirah and Saamito, who always pray, support,
and affection during writing this thesis.
3. Her beloved husband, Jamal Dwi Tunggal, who always give motivation and
support during writing this thesis.
4. Her lovely sister and brother (Rusiati and Akhyar Hadi Mustofa) and also her
lovely nieces ( Wedari Aris Sejati and Izza Anjani Mustofa) who give
motivation.
5. Her great Friends Leonita, Alif, Cicik, Dennis, and many more (her friends in
D class “2007”)
Malang, August 01st, 2012
Duwi Astuti
vi
AN ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS’ POLITENESS
STRATEGY IN CHARLES DICKEN’S NOVEL
“OLIVER TWIST”
ABSTRACT
Literature gives pleasure to readers. It may become an interesting and
advantageous subject because readers can obtain enjoyable and valuable
informationwhich are related to their life. Novel is a long work of narrative prose
fiction, because its length. By reading a novel, the reader will get many advantages
such as messages, new experience and knowledge about human life. This study was
conducted to analyze the main characters’ politeness strategy in Charles Dickens’
novel “Oliver Twist”. The analysis was focused on the main characters’ politeness
strategy, The way how the politeness strategy is done by the main characters and the
occasion of politeness strategy used by the main characters.
This study used descriptive qualitative research design because the researcher
describes and interpreted phenomena that existed in the novel without presenting
number. The technique used in this research was library research. This study used
objective approach because the researcher only studied the content of the novel and
did not need study the author’s life. The object of this study was Charles Dickens’
novel “Oliver Twist”. The data were taken from quotations of paragraphs and
dialogues that were presented in the novel.
The results of this study showed that (1) there were four kinds of politeness
strategy used by the main characters: Oliver Twist, Fagin and Nancy. They used
positive politeness strategy, negative politeness strategy, bald on record strategy and
off record strategy in several conditions in the story. (2) Then, there were two terms
of politeness strategy that are used by the main characters: Oliver Twist, Fagin and
Nancy. They used “face threatening and physical gesture” with bent of the body and
wink the eyes to show their emotion. (3) The last, positive politeness strategy,
negative politeness strategy, bald on record strategy and off record strategy are used
by the main characters in the several occassion especially when they take a
conversation with the other people, for example when Nancy came to the Oliver
Twist’s house to apologize for her mistake.
Keywords: Politeness strategy, Main characters, Oliver Twist.
The Advisor I,
The Researcher,
Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M. Hum
Duwi Astuti
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................... iii
LEGALIZATION ................................................................................................ iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................. v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ....................................................................................... vi
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... viii
TABLE OF APPENDIX ....................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ....................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of problem ............................................................................. 4
1.3 Purpose of the Study .............................................................................. 4
1.4 Significance of Study .............................................................................. 5
1.5 Scope and Limitation .............................................................................. 5
1.6 Definition of the key term ...................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Literature ................................................................................................ 7
2.2 Kinds of Literature ................................................................................. 7
2.3 Novel ...................................................................................................... 8
2.4 Kinds of Novel ....................................................................................... 9
2.5 Elements of Novel .................................................................................. 11
2.5.1 Character and Characterization .................................................... 11
2.5.2 Characteristic ................................................................................ 12
2.5.3 Point of View ................................................................................ 13
2.5.4 Plot ................................................................................................ 14
2.5.5 Conflict ......................................................................................... 15
2.5.6 Setting ........................................................................................... 16
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2.5.7 Theme ........................................................................................... 16
2.6 The definition of Face and Politeness’ Concept .................................... 17
2.7 Politeness Strategies in Linguistic ......................................................... 18
2.7.1 Positive Politeness ........................................................................ 18
2.7.2 Negative Politeness ...................................................................... 19
2.7.3 On Record Strategy ...................................................................... 20
2.7.4 Off Record Strategy ...................................................................... 20
2.8 Oliver Twist ........................................................................................... 21
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research design ...................................................................................... 22
3.2 Approach ................................................................................................ 23
3.3 Research Object ..................................................................................... 24
3.4 Data Collection ....................................................................................... 24
3.5 Data Analysis .......................................................................................... 25
CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Research Finding ................................................................................... 26
4.1.1 The main characters’ Politeness strategy in Charles Dickens’s
Novel “Oliver Twist” ................................................................... 26
4.1.1.1 Oliver Twist’ Politeness strategy .................................... 26
4.1.1.2 Fagin’s Politeness strategy .............................................. 30
4.1.1.3 Nancy’s Politeness strategy ............................................ 34
4.1.2 The main characters’ politeness strategy done in Charles Dickens’
novel “Oliver Twist” in the term of face threatening and physical
gestures. ......................................................................................... 36
4.1.2.1 Oliver Twist .................................................................... 36
4.1.2.2 Fagin ................................................................................ 39
4.1.2.3 Nancy ............................................................................. 42
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4.1.3 The occasion of politeness strategy used by the main characters
in Charles Dickens’s Novel “Oliver Twist” ................................. 44
4.1.3.1 Oliver Twist .................................................................... 44
4.1.3.2 Fagin ................................................................................ 47
4.1.3.3 Nancy ............................................................................. 50
4.2. Discussion .............................................................................................. 52
4.3 Lesson .................................................................................................... 55
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 56
5.2 Suggestion .............................................................................................. 62
5.2.1 For the Readers ............................................................................. 62
5.2.2 For the Next Researchers .............................................................. 63
5.2.3 For the literature lecturers ............................................................. 63
REFFERENCE
APPENDIX
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TABLE OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1 Synopsis of “Oliver Twist “Novel .................................................... 65
Appendix 2 Biography of Charles Dickens .......................................................... 67
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