KOg; gjpg;GupikAilaJ
,yq;iff; fzf;fl
P L
; j; njhopy;El;gtpayhsu; fofk;º
Muk;gg; guPli
; r - 2013 [{iy
(52) îçèÕóðáùº
20.07.2013
gpw;gfy;
2.00 – 4.00
(Economics)
Neuk; : 02 kzpj;jpahyk;
•
çæºæññºóðäº öúºúðæºéæ: 07
ôðäèæºæóðäº öúºúðæºéæ : 07
guPlr
; hu;jj
; pfSf;fhd mwpTWj;
mwpTWj;jy;fs;
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
,t;tpdhj;jhs; A, B vd;Dk; ,uz;L (02) gFjpfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
fPNo fhl;bathW Ie;J (05) tpdhf;fSf;F tpil mspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;:
•
gFjp A apYs;s tpdh ,yf;fk; 01 ,w;Fk;
•
gFjp B apypUe;J VNjDk; ehd;F (04) tpdhf;fSf;Fk;
Gj;jfj;jpy; ePqf
; s; guPli
; r vOj tpz;zg;gpj;j mNj
tpilfs; ahTk; ckf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s tpilg;Gj;
xU nkhopapNyNa vOjg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
tiuGj;jhs; toq;fg;gLk;.
nkhj;jk; 100 Gs;spfs;.
gFjp - A
gy;Nju;T tpdhf;fs;
,e;jg; gFjpapYs;s vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
40 Gs;spfs;
01. fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU tpdhTf;Fk; kpfTk; rupahd tpiliaj; jug;gl;Ls;s (1), (2), (3),
(4) vd;Dk; gjpy;fspypUe;J njupTnra;J ckJ tpilg;Gj;jfj;jpy;
py tpdhf;fisf; Fwpf;Fk;
Mq;fpy vOj;Jf;fis vOjp mtw;wpw;F vjpNu njupTnra;j tpilapd; ,yf;fj;ij vOJf.
(A)
“tsq;fspd;
gw;whf;Fiw
(Scarcity
of
Resources)”
vd;gjid
tpgupf;fpd;w
thf;fpaj;ijg; gpd;tUtdtw;wpypUe;J njupTnra;f.
(1)
mstpilr; rpf;fdq;fSf;F (economies of scale) tiuaiwfs; cz;L.
(2)
ntspaPLfistpl Ntfkhf rdj;njhif tsu;r;rpailfpwJ.
(3)
kdpjj;
NjitfisAk;
tpUg;GfisAk; vjpu;nfhs;sf;
fpilf;fg;ngWk;
tsq;fs;
NghjhJs;sd.
(4)
(B)
tsq;fspd; xJf;fL
P cr;rgad; juhjJ MFk; (not optimal).
nghUshjhuk;
xd;wpd;
x, y gz;lq;fspd;
cw;gj;jp
rhj;jpa
tisap
(production
possibility curve) iaf; fPNoAs;s tiuG fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
gz;lk;
y
P
N
M
O
S
gz;lk;
x
gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; nghUshjhuj;jpd; tsq;fspd; gw;whf;Fiwiaf; fhl;Lfpd;w Gs;sp/fs;
(point/s) vJ?
(1)
M kl;Lk;
(2)
M, N kw;Wk; P kl;Lk;
(3)
P kl;Lk;
(4)
S kl;Lk;
(C)
(a)
gz;lnkhd;wpw;fhd ehl;lk; (Desire for a commodity).
(b)
nfhs;tdT rf;jp (Purchasing power).
(c)
gz;lk; xd;iw thq;Ftjw;F Mty; (Willingness to buy a commodity).
(d)
gz;lk; xd;wpd; cw;gj;jpf; fpuak; (Cost of production of a commodity).
NkNy cs;stw;Ws; gaDWjpkpf;f Nfs;tpnahd;wpw;fhff; (Effective demand) Nfhug;gLk;
rupahd epge;jidfs; vjpy; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ?
(D)
(1) (a), (b), (d) kl;Lk;
(2)
(a), (b), (c) kl;Lk;
(3) (a), (c), (d) kl;Lk;
(4)
(b), (c), (d) kl;Lk;
gz;lk; xd;wpw;fhd Nfs;tp epuk;gy; tisapfis gpd;tUk; tiuG fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
(&
&)P
S
60
25
D
O
100
Q
(myFfs
myFfs;
myFfs;)
,q;F cw;gj;jpahsd; kpifahdJ (Producer surplus)>
(1)
(E)
&.2,500/-.
(2)
&.1,250/-.
(3)
&.6,000/-.
(4)
&.1,750/-.
FWq;fhyNthl;lj;jpy; epiwNghl;b re;ijapd; (Perfect competition) fPo; ,aq;Ffpd;w
epWtdnkhd;wpd; elj;ijia fPot
; Uk; tiuG tpgupf;fpd;wJ.
MC
fpuak; /
tUtha;
P
O
jdJ
G
R
,yhgq;fis
J K
ATC
H
S T
AR = MR
vy;iyf; fpuak;;
ruhrup tUkhdk;
vy;iy tUkhdk;
ruhrup nkhj;jf;
ntspaPL
U
cr;rg;gLj;Jk;
MC =
AR =
MR =
ATC =
xOq;fpy;>
ntspaPlb
; d;
ve;j
kl;lj;jpy;
,aq;Ffpd;wJ?
(1)
OR.
(2)
(3)
OS.
2
OT.
(4)
RU.
epWtdk;
(F)
(G)
(H)
Efu;Nthu; ghjPlL
; f; Nfhl;Lld; (consumers’ budget line) njhlu;Gila
nghUj;jkhd $w;wpidg; gpd;tUtdtw;wpypUe;J njupTnra;f.
kpfTk;
(1)
mJ Efu;Nthu; Kd;DupikfisAk; (consumers’ preferences) fhl;LfpwJ. re;ij
epge;jidfisAk; fhl;LfpwJ.
(2)
mJ xU Efu;Nthd; nfhs;tdT nra;a ehl;lk; nfhs;fpd;w ,uz;L gz;lq;fspd;
xd;wpizg;igf; (combination) fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
(3)
jug;gl;l gz;l tpiyfs; kw;Wk; tUkhdj;Jld; nfhs;tdT nra;af;$ba ,uz;L
gz;lq;fspd; vy;yh xd;wpizg;GfisAk; mJ fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
(4)
mJ> Efu;Nthdpd; Ritapy; cs;s khw;wj;ijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
egu; xUtupdhy; gz;lnkhd;wpd; Nkyjpf mynfhd;iw Efu;tjpypUe;J ngwg;gLfpd;w
jpUg;jpahdJ Kd;ida myif Efu;ej
; jpy; ngw;wijtplf; FiwthdjhapUf;fpwJ vd;gJ
mwpag;gLtjhtJ>
(1)
gad; (Utility)
(2)
nkhj;jg; gad; (Total Utility)
(3)
vy;iyg; gad; (Marginal Utility)
(4)
Fiwe;J nry;Yk; vy;iyg; gad; (Diminishing Marginal Utility)
A Ak; B Ak; re;ijnahd;wpYs;s ,uz;L Efu;Nthu; Mtu;. fPo;tUk; rkd;ghL re;ijf;
Nfs;tpiaAk; jug;gl;lnjhU gz;lj;jpw;fhd Efu;Nthd; A apd; Nfs;tpiaAk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
re;ijf; Nfs;tp, Qd
= 130 - 6p
Efu;Nthd; A apd; Nfs;tp, Qd = 090 - 4p
gz;lj;jpd; tpiy &.10/- Mf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> Efu;Nthu;fshd
jdpj;jdpahf Nfhupa Nfs;tpj; njhifasT KiwNa
(I)
(J)
A
(1)
A = 50 ,
B = 20.
(2)
A = 070 , B = 50.
(3)
A = 20 ,
B = 70.
(4)
A = 130 , B = 20.
Ak;
gz;lq;fs; x kw;Wk; y vd;gtw;wpw;fpilNaahd Nfs;tpapd; FWf;F nefpo;rr
; p
elasticity of demand) Neu;kkhf [positive (+)] ,Ug;gpd; mg;gz;lq;fs; :
(1)
gjpyPlL
; g; gz;lq;fs; (Substitute goods)
(2)
,izg;Gg; gz;lq;fs; (Complementary goods)
(3)
,opTg; gz;lq;fs; (Inferior goods)
(4)
rhjhuz gz;lq;fs; (Normal goods)
B
Ak;
(Cross
ntspehl;L tu;jj
; fk; xd;Wldhd nghUshjhunkhd;wpy; tUkhd tl;lg; gha;rr
; y;
fspypUe;J
xOf;Ffshf
(leakages) fUjf;$ba
cUg;gbfspd;
njhFjpiag;
gpd;tUtdtw;wpypUe;J njupTnra;f.
(1)
Vw;Wkjpfs;> ,wf;Fkjpfs;> Nrkpg;Gfs;.
(2)
,wf;Fkjpfs;> murhq;f nrytpdk;> tuptpjpg;G.
(3)
Nrkpg;Gfs;> tuptpjpg;G> ,wf;Fkjpfs;.
(4)
Vw;Wkjpfs;> KjyPLfs;> murhq;f nrytpdk;.
3
(K)
2012 Mz;bw;fhd ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Mz;lwpf;iff;F ,zq;f> 2012 ,y;
,yq;ifapd; Ms;tPj tUkhdk; (Per capita income):
(L)
(1)
2,836 mnkupf;f nlhyu; ($)
(2)
2,400 mnkupf;f nlhyu; ($)
(3)
2,057 mnkupf;f nlhyu; ($)
(4)
2,923 mnkupf;f nlhyu; ($)
gpd;tUk;
thf;fpaq;fSs;
“,ilepiyg;
nghUl;fs;”
(Intermediate Goods) gw;wp
tpgupg;gJ vJ?
(1)
cw;gj;jp
nra;ag;gl;l
Efu;Tf;fhfNt MFk;.
vy;yhg;
(2)
epiyahd %yjdk; kw;Wk; nraw;gL %yjdk; Mfpatw;wpd; nkhj;jk;.
(3)
nghUshjhuj;jpy;
cw;gj;jp
nghUl;fs;>
nra;ag;gl;l
NritfspdJk;
vy;yh
KbTg;
ntspaPlhdJ
nghUs;fspdJk;
NritfspdJk; ngWkjp.
(4)
KbTg; nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;fhd %yg; nghUl;fSk; cs;sL
P fSkhf
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w nghUl;fs;.
(M)
gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Njrpa tUkhdf; (National income) fzpg;gl
P b
; y; cl;gLj;jg;glhj
xd;W vJ?
(1)
epu;thf mjpfhupfspd; rk;gsq;fs;
(2)
ghJfhg;Gr; nryT
(3)
jpiwNrup cz;bay;fspd; tpw;gidAk; nfhs;tdTk;
(4)
ntspehl;bypUe;J Mjd tUkhdk; (Property income from abroad)
(N)
(a)
nghUl;fspd; mopaf;$ba jd;ik (Perishability) khw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
(b)
Nghf;Ftuj;jpYs;s f~;lk;
(c)
,UrhuhupilNa tpUg;gq;fspd; xU ,ul;il xNu Neuj;jpy; eilngwhik
(a double coincidence of wants)
(d)
epakkhdnjhU ngWkjp mstPL ,y;yhik
Nkw;$wg;gl;l f~;lq;fs; (difficulties) gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vjw;Fupait?
(1)
tpiyg; nghwpKiw(Price mechanism)
(2)
Kd;Ndhf;fpa tpw;gidfs; xg;ge;jk; (Forward sales contracts)
(3)
gz;lkhw;W Kiwik(Barter system)
(4)
fld; epge;jidfs; kPJ nfhs;tdT (Purchasing on credit terms)
4
(O)
gzj;jpd; kpf Kf;fpa rpwg;gpay;igg; (characteristic of money) gpd;tUtdtw;wpypUe;J
njupTnra;f.
(1)
Kfg; ngWkjp (face value) f;Fr; rkdhdjhf cs;sl
P L
; g; ngWkjp (Intrinsic
value) ,Uj;jy;
(P)
(Q)
(2)
xU gz;lkhw;W Clfkhf nghJthf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gly;
(3)
mJ gjpyPLfisf; nfhz;ljhapUj;jy;
(4)
tq;fp Kiwikapd; Njwpa nrhj;Jf;fSf;Fr; (Net assets) rkkhdjhf ,Uj;jy;
nghUshjhuj;jpd; tpiy kl;lj;jpy;
my;yhjJ gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?
cau;r;rpapd;
ghjpg;nghd;W
(1)
tho;f;ifr; nrytpd; (Cost of living) cau;r;rp
(2)
tiuaWj;j KjyPLfs; (limitation of investments)
(3)
gzj;jpd; ngWkjpapy; (Value of money) cau;rr
; p
(4)
tho;f;ifj; juj;jpy; (Standard of living) tPor
; r
; p
(an effect of rise)
“me;epar; nryhtzp thq;Fk; tpiy” (Foreign Exchange Buying Price) vd;gjd;
fUj;ijg; gpd;tUtdtw;wpypUe;J njupTnra;f.
(1)
,yq;ifapy;
KjyPL
nra;tjw;F
ntspehl;L
KjyPll
; hsu;fSf;F
ehzakhw;W
tPjj;ijr; nrYj;Jfpd;wik
(2)
epjprhu;
mgptpUj;jpr;
nray;jpl;lq;fSf;F
ntspehl;Lf;
fld;fisg;
ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjw;F ehzakhw;W tPjj;ijr; nrYj;Jfpd;wik
(3)
me;epar; nryhtzpapd; ciog;NghuplkpUe;J (earners of foreign exchange)
me;epar; nrythzpiaf; nfhs;tdT nra;jpl tzpf tq;fpfshy; ehzakhw;W
tPjk; nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wik
(4)
(R)
(S)
me;epar; nryhtzpr; re;ijapy; Nfs;tp epuk;giyr; rkg;gLj;Jfpd;w ehzakhw;W tPjk;
murhq;f tUthapd; gpujhd %yj;ijg; gpd;tUtdtw;wpypUe;J njupTnra;f.
(1)
murhq;f Mjdq;f
; spd; tpw;gidapypUe;jhd tUkhdk;
(2)
mur tzpf Kaw;rpfspd; ,yhgq;fs; (Profits from state enterprises)
(3)
tup tUtha;fs; (Tax revenue)
(4)
kpd;rhug; gw;Wr;rl
P L
; fspypUe;J ngWiffs; (Receipts from electricity bills)
murhq;fj;jpd; xU cs;@u;f;
gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?
fld; fUtp
(Domestic debt instrument) my;yhjJ
(1)
jpiwNrup cz;bay;fs;(Treasury bills)
(2)
mgptpUj;jp Kwpfs; (Development Bonds)
(3)
jpiwNrup Kwpfs; (Treasury bonds)
(4)
ehzaf; fbjq;fs; (Letters of credit)
5
(T)
xU
ehl;bd;
Njrpa
ghjPlL
;
xd;Wld;
njhlu;Gila
juTfs;
cq;fSf;fhff;
fPNo
jug;gl;Ls;sd.
tuptpjpg;gw;w tUtha;fSk; khdpaq;fSk;
%yjdr; nrytpdk;
tup tUkhdk;
eilKiwr; nryT (Recurrent Expenditure)
Njwpa fld; toq;fy; (Net lending)
&.
(gpy;ypad;)
350
35
25
280
110
xl;Lnkhj;jg; ghjPlL
; g; gw;whf;FiwahtJ (overall budget deficit)>
(1)
&.375 gpy;ypad;
(2)
&.50 gpy;ypad;
(3)
&.135 gpy;ypad;
(4)
&.220 gpy;ypad;
(xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; 02 Gs;spfs; tPjk;> nkhj;jk; 40 Gs;spfs;)
gFjp - B
,g;gFjpapypUe;J VNjDk; ehd;F (04) tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;Ff.
60 Gs;spfs;
02. (a)
(b)
(i)
Kaw;rpahz;ik (Entrepreneurship) vd;gjdhw; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ? (02 Gs;spfs;)
(ii)
Kaw;rpahz;ik xd;wpd; Kf;fpa ,ay;Gfs; %d;wpidf;(03) Fwpg;gpLf.
(03 Gs;spfs;)
re;ijg; nghUshjhu
Kiwik (Market economic system) xd;wpd; mD$yq;fs;
Ie;jpid (05)f; Fwpg;gpLf.
(c)
(05 Gs;spfs;)
mbg;gilg; nghUshjhug; gpur;rpidfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf> xU nghUshjhuj;jpy; NtW gy
gpur;rpidfSk;
gl;baypLf.
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
mt;thwhd
NtW
gpur;rpidfs;
Ie;jpid (05)g;
(05 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 15 Gs;spfs;)
03.
(a)
Nfs;tpj; njhifapyhd khw;wk; (Change in Quantity Demanded) Nfs;tpapyhd
khw;wk; (Change in Demand) Mfpatw;iw tiuGfspd; JizAld; RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.
(06 Gs;spfs;)
(b)
Nfs;tpapd; tpiy nefpo;rr
; papd;
Jtj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(c)
gz;lnkhd;wpd; Nfs;tp kw;Wk; epuk;gy; rkd;ghLfs; cq;fSf;Ff; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.
Qd
=
180 - 3p
Qs
=
-20 + 2p
(Price elasticity of demand) gpuNahf Kf;fpaj;
(05 Gs;spfs;)
Qd = Nfs;tpj; njhif
Qs = epuk;gy; njhif
P
= tpiy
(i)
rkepiy tpiyiaf; fzpg;gpLf (Equilibrium Price).
(ii)
rkepiyj; njhifiaf; fzpg;gpLf (Equilibrium Quantity)
6
(02 Gs;spfs;)
(02 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 15 Gs;spfs;)
04. (a)
cNgl;ir
tisap
(Indifference
curve) xd;wpd;
rpwg;gpay;Gfis
JizNahL RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.
(b)
“gz;lnkhd;wpd;
tpiy
(c)
(06 Gs;spfs;)
tPor
; r
; pailAk;NghJ
Nfs;tpia mjpfupf;fpd;whd;”.
epahag;gLj;Jf.
tiunghd;wpd;
,jw;F
ePq;fs;
Efu;Nthd;
mg;gz;l
; j;jpw;fhd
cld;gLfwPu;fsh?
Efu;tpd;
vjpu;kiwahd
ntspthup
tpisTfs;
consumption) ehd;fidg; (04) gl;baypLf.
jdJ
cq;fs; tpilia
(05 Gs;spfs;)
(negative
externalities
of
(04 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 15 Gs;spfs;)
05. (a)
ngUk;ghfg; nghUshjhu Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;fhf (Macro economic management)
eilKiwf;Ff; nfhz;Ltuf;$ba ehd;F (04) nfhs;iffisg; gl;baypl;L mtw;Ws;
,uz;bidg;
(06 Gs;spfs;)
idg (02) gw;wpr; RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.
(b)
Njrpa tUkhdk; njhlu;gpy; nghUshjhuk; xd;iwr; rhu;ej
; juTfs; cq;fSf;Ff; fPNo
jug;gl;Ls;sd.
fhuzpf; fpua tpiyfspy; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp (GDP)
Neupy; tupfs;
ntspehl;bypUe;J Njwpa fhuzp tUtha;
Nja;khdk; (Depreciation)
epthuzq;fs; (Subsidies)
Vw;Wkjpfs;
kpy;ypad;)
&.(kpy;
2, 750
300
(200)
100
100
240
gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; fzpg;gpLf.
06.
07.
(i)
re;ij tpiyfspy; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp (GDP).
(ii)
re;ij tpiyfspy; nkhj;jj; Njrpa cw;gj;jp (GNP).
(iii)
fhuzpf; fpua tpiyfspy; Njwpa Njrpa cw;gj;jp
(02 Gs;spfs;)
(01 Gs;sp)
(02 Gs;spfs;)
(c)
Njrpa tUkhdf; fzf;Ffspd; ehd;F (04) tiuaiwfis (limitations)f; Fwpg;gpLf.
(04 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 15 Gs;spfs;)
(a)
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; (Central Bank of Sri Lanka) gzpfs; Ie;jpidf; (05)
Fwpg;gpLf.
(05 Gs;spfs;)
(b)
“gzj;jpd; cs;sfg; ngWkjp” (Internal value of money) kw;Wk; “gzj;jpd; ntspthupg;
ngWkjp” (External value of money) Mfpa gjq;fis tpsf;Ff.
(05 Gs;spfs;)
(c)
gztPf;fj;jpw;fhd gpujhd
RUf;fkhf tpgupf;Ff.
(a)
xU rpwe;j tuptpjpg;G Kiwikapd; (a good tax system) rpwg;gpay;Gfs; Ie;jpid
(05)f; Fwpg;gpLf.
(05 Gs;spfs;)
(b)
murhq;fg; ghjPlb
; d; (Government budget) Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; ahit?
(c)
xU ehl;by; ntspehl;Lf; fld; (Foreign debt) mjpfupg;gpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba nghUshjhu
tpisTfs; Ie;jpidf; (05) Fwpg;gpLf.
(05 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 15 Gs;spfs;)
- o0o -
fhuzq;fs;
7
(Causes for Inflation) ,uz;bidr; (02)
(05 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 15 Gs;spfs;)
(05 Gs;spfs;)