Q1.
There is a large amount of evidence that evolution is taking place.
(a)
Scientists are uncertain about how life started on Earth.
Explain why.
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(2)
(b)
Salamanders are terrestrial amphibians.
The diagram shows the distribution of four different species of salamander in a country.
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Originally, there was only one species of salamander in the country.
Suggest an explanation for the development of the four different species.
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(5)
(Total 7 marks)
Q2.
Sometimes babies are born with extra fingers or toes as shown in the photograph.
This condition is called polydactyly.
The diagram shows the inheritance of polydactyly in a family.
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(a)
Polydactyly is caused by a dominant allele, D.
The recessive allele of the gene is represented by d.
Use one genetic diagram to show the inheritance of the polydactyly gene by R and S.
(4)
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(b)
Embryos can be screened for genetic disorders.
Many people would favour the use of embryo screening for cystic fibrosis but not for
polydactyly.
Compare the issues involved in the use of embryo screening for cystic fibrosis and for
polydactyly.
You should use your knowledge and understanding of the process and the two conditions.
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(4)
(Total 8 marks)
Q3.
Energy is obtained from both aerobic and anaerobic respiration during exercise.
(a)
Give three differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
1 .....................................................................................................................
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2 .....................................................................................................................
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3 .....................................................................................................................
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(3)
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(b)
Two students did the same step-up exercise for 3 minutes.
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One of the students was fit. The other student was unfit.
The graph shows how the students’ heart rate changed during the exercise and after the
exercise.
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(b)
Suggest which student was the fitter.
Draw a ring around your answer.
Student X / Student Y
Give three reasons for your answer.
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(3)
(c)
Explain the advantage to the students of the change in heart rate during exercise.
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(4)
(Total 10 marks)
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Q4.
Babies find it difficult to digest proteins in their food.
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Baby food manufacturers use enzymes to ‘pre-digest’ the protein in baby food.
(a)
Use words from the box to complete the following sentences.
amino acids
amylases
fatty acids
proteases
glucose
lipases
Proteins are ‘pre-digested’ using enzymes called .........................................
The pre-digestion of protein produces ...........................................................
(2)
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(b)
A baby food manufacturer uses enzyme V to pre-digest protein.
He tries four new enzymes, W, X, Y and Z, to see if he can reduce the time taken to predigest the protein.
The graph shows the time taken for the enzymes to completely pre-digest the protein.
The manufacturer uses the same concentration of enzyme and the same mass of protein
in each experiment.
(i)
How long did it take enzyme V to pre-digest the protein?
................ minutes
(1)
(ii)
Which enzyme, V, W, X, Y or Z, would you advise the baby food manufacturer to
use?
Enzyme
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
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Q5.
Changing the conditions in which plants grow affects how fast they grow.
The diagram shows a propagator in which scientists can control temperature, light intensity and
carbon dioxide concentration.
The graph shows the effects of changing the temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide
concentration on the growth of lettuce plants.
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(a)
Describe and explain the effect of increasing light intensity on the mean mass of lettuce
plants at 4% carbon dioxide and 15 °C.
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(4)
(b)
In Britain, many tomato growers use artificial lights to increase the yield of tomato crops.
The table shows the amount of natural daylight and artificial lamplight received by a tomato
crop grown in a greenhouse.
Natural daylight
received by tomato
plant
Artificial lamplight
given to tomato plant
Total light
energy
received
by plant
per day in
J/cm2
Percentage
increase in
growth
resulting
from artificial
light
Day length
in hours
Light
energy
received
by plant
per day in
J/cm2
Hours of
light
given per
day
Light
energy
received
by plant
per day in
J/cm2
January
8.1
239
18
492
731
206
February
9.9
492
18
492
984
100
March
11.9
848
12
328
1176
39
April
13.9
1401
2
55
1456
4
May
15.5
1786
0
0
1786
0
June
16.6
1960
0
0
1960
0
July
16.2
1849
0
0
1849
0
August
14.7
1561
0
0
1561
0
September
12.8
1064
2
55
1119
5
October
10.6
614
11
301
915
49
November
8.8
288
18
492
780
171
December
7.6
183
18
492
675
269
Month
Page 10 of 31
(i)
Describe the pattern for the amount of light energy received from natural daylight by a
tomato plant during the day.
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(3)
(ii)
A tomato plant needs 600 J of light energy per cm2 each day to grow and produce
tomatoes.
Use this information and data from the table to suggest an explanation for the pattern
of the artificial light given to the tomato plants.
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(2)
(Total 9 marks)
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Q6.
Describe the uses made by plants and algae of the glucose produced during
photosynthesis.
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(Total 4 marks)
Q7.
A class of students was set the task of estimating the number of dandelions on the school
field.
To do this, they decided to use sampling squares called quadrats.
Each quadrat had an area of 1 m2.
The diagram shows the dimensions of the school field.
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(a)
Which is the best way of using quadrats in this investigation?
Tick ( ) one box.
Tick
( )
Statement
Place all the quadrats where there are lots of plants.
Place all the quadrats randomly in two different sample areas.
Place all the quadrats where all four types of plant are growing.
(1)
(b)
Each student collected data by using 10 quadrats.
These are the results for one student, Mary.
Quadrat number
Number of dandelions
1
3
2
3
3
6
4
2
5
1
6
2
7
0
8
3
9
2
10
0
Calculate the mean number of dandelions per quadrat counted by Mary.
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
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Mean number of dandelions ............................
(2)
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(c)
Another student, Sharon, calculated a mean of 2.8 dandelions per quadrat from her
results.
Estimate the number of dandelions in the whole field by using:
•
a mean of 2.8 dandelions per quadrat
•
information from the diagram on the opposite page
•
the equation below.
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
estimated number of
dandelions on field
=
mean number of
dandelions per quadrat
×
number of quadrats that
would fit into the field
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Estimated number of dandelions ...............................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q8.
Read the information in the box and then answer the question.
Aluminium is made by the electrolysis of aluminium oxide.
Aluminium oxide is an ionic compound containing aluminium ions (Al3+) and oxide ions
(O2–).
The diagram below shows the apparatus used to electrolyse aluminium oxide.
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(a)
Use information in the box and your knowledge of this process to answer this question.
Describe how aluminium and carbon dioxide are formed in this process.
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(5)
(b)
Aluminium is a metal.
Explain why it conducts electricity.
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(4)
(Total 9 marks)
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Q9.
In this question you will get marks on using good English, organising information clearly and
using specialist terms correctly.
Copper sulfate crystals can be made from copper oxide powder and dilute sulfuric acid.
Describe a method to make copper sulfate crystals from copper oxide and dilute sulfuric acid.
For the method you should include:
•
•
the names of the pieces of apparatus used
a risk assessment.
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(Total 6 marks)
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Q10.
This drinks bottle is made of thermosoftening plastic.
Drinks bottles of this type can be recycled.
Describe and explain how the bottles can be changed into new plastic objects.
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(Total 4 marks)
Q11.
Read the information in the box and then answer the questions.
Sun Creams
Sun creams contain titanium oxide. This compound absorbs harmful
radiation.
Traditional sun creams contain normal-sized particles of titanium oxide.
Normal-sized particles of titanium oxide are known to be safe to put on the
skin.
Many new sun creams contain nano-sized particles of titanium oxide.
Experiments suggest that nano-sized particles might pass through the
pores of the skin more easily than normal-sized particles.
Page 17 of 31
(a)
Suggest why there is a possible risk to using these sun creams.
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(2)
(b)
Give two uses of nanoparticles, other than in sun creams.
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(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Q12.
The diagram shows the main parts of an instrumental method called gas chromatography
linked to mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).
This method separates a mixture of compounds and then helps to identify each of the
compounds in the mixture.
(a)
In which part of the apparatus:
(i)
is the mixture separated? ...................................................................
(1)
(ii)
is the relative molecular mass of each of the compounds in the mixture measured?
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(1)
Page 18 of 31
(b)
(i)
Athletes sometimes take drugs because the drugs improve their performance. One
of these drugs is ephedrine.
Ephedrine has the formula:
C10H15NO
What relative molecular mass (M r) would be recorded by GC-MS if ephedrine was
present in a blood sample taken from an athlete?
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
Relative atomic masses: H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16.
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Relative molecular mass = .....................................
(2)
(ii)
Another drug is amphetamine which has the formula:
C9H13N
The relative molecular mass (M r) of amphetamine is 135.
Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in amphetamine.
Relative atomic mass: N = 14
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Percentage of nitrogen = ..................................... %
(2)
(c)
Athletes are regularly tested for drugs at international athletics events.
An instrumental method such as GC-MS is better than methods such as titration.
Suggest two reasons why.
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Page 19 of 31
(d)
When a blood sample is taken from an athlete the sample is often split into two portions.
Each portion is tested at a different laboratory.
Suggest why.
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Q13.
This question is about oxygen atoms.
(a)
(i)
Oxygen atoms have 8 electrons.
Complete the diagram to represent the arrangement of electrons in an oxygen atom.
Use crosses (×) to represent the electrons.
(1)
(ii)
Name the part of the oxygen atom that is labelled A on the diagram.
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(1)
(b)
Two isotopes of oxygen are oxygen-16 and oxygen-18.
oxygen-16
oxygen-18
Describe, in terms of particles, how an oxygen-18 atom is different from an oxygen-16
atom.
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(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Page 20 of 31
Q14.
(a)
Look at the electrical safety information poster.
(i)
Complete the table to show which size fuse, 3 A or 13 A, should be fitted to each of
the appliances.
Appliance
Kettle
Hair straighteners
Coffee maker
Power
Fuse
2200 W
75 W
1260 W
(2)
(ii)
The plug of a washing machine has been wrongly fitted with a 3 A fuse.
Explain why the washing machine stops working shortly after it is switched on.
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(2)
(b)
Complete these two sentences.
In the UK, the mains electricity supply is ............................................... volts.
The frequency of the UK mains electricity supply is ............................. hertz.
(2)
Page 21 of 31
(c)
The diagram shows the oscilloscope traces produced by four different electricity supplies.
The settings on the oscilloscope remained the same for each supply.
K
(i)
L
M
N
Which two supplies give a direct current (d.c)?
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(1)
(ii)
Supply K provides a peak potential difference of 6 V.
What is the peak potential difference provided by supply M?
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(1)
(iii)
Which supply provides the largest potential difference?
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(1)
(d)
The diagram shows a hairdryer. The cable connecting the hairdryer to the plug does not
have an earth wire.
(i)
Why does the hairdryer not need a cable with an earth wire?
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(1)
Page 22 of 31
(ii)
The hairdryer takes a current of 5 A from the 230 V mains electricity supply.
Calculate the power of the hairdryer.
Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your
answer.
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Power = ............................................................. W
(2)
(Total 12 marks)
Q15.
Four different processes are described in List A. The names of these processes are given
in List B.
Draw a line to link each description in List A to its correct name in List B.
Draw only four lines.
List A
List B
ionisation
the nucleus of an
atom splitting into
several pieces
gamma emission
the nuclei of two
atoms joining
together
nuclear fission
an atom losing an
electron
nuclear fusion
an electric charge
moving through a
metal
electric current
(Total 4 marks)
Page 23 of 31
Q16.
The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on a car of mass 1200 kg.
(a)
Calculate the acceleration of the car at the instant shown in the diagram.
Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your
answer and give the unit.
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Acceleration = .............................
(4)
(b)
Explain why the car reaches a top speed even though the thrust force remains
constant at 3500 N.
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(3)
Page 24 of 31
(c)
The diagram shows a car and a van.
The two vehicles have the same mass and identical engines.
Explain why the top speed of the car is higher than the top speed of the van.
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(Total 11 marks)
Q17.
The diagram shows a supermarket worker stacking jars of coffee onto a shelf.
Page 25 of 31
(a)
The mass of each jar of coffee is 0.4 kg.
Calculate the weight of each jar of coffee.
gravitational field strength = 10 N/kg
Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your answer.
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Weight = ................................... N
(2)
(b)
The distance between the floor and the middle shelf is 1.2 m.
Calculate the work done to lift one jar of coffee from the floor onto the shelf.
Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your answer
and give the unit.
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Work done = ...........................................
(3)
(Total 5 marks)
Q18.
A star goes through a life cycle. Energy is released in stars by nuclear fusion.
(a)
How are stars formed?
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(2)
Page 26 of 31
(b)
(i)
Why is a star stable during the main sequence period of its life cycle?
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(1)
(ii)
Describe the life cycle of a star that is much bigger than the Sun after this bigger
star has left the main sequence.
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(4)
(c)
Read the following blog from the internet.
“During the main sequence period of the life cycle of a star every element in the
Universe is made. At the end of the main sequence every star explodes.
This distributes the elements throughout the Universe, which makes amazing
things like our planet!”
State two scientific ideas in the blog that are not correct and describe how they should be
changed.
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(Total 11 marks)
Page 27 of 31
Q19.
This question is about electrical circuits.
(a)
Current-potential difference graphs are used to show how the current through a
component varies with the potential difference across it.
(i)
On the axes sketch a current-potential difference graph for a resistor.
(2)
(ii)
What assumption have you made about the resistor when drawing this graph?
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(1)
(b)
A student investigates how the current in a sample of wire varies with the potential
difference across the wire.
These are photographs of some of the electrical components before the investigation
starts.
(i)
The circuit diagram shown is not complete.
Complete the circuit diagram below for the battery shown.
(1)
Page 28 of 31
(ii)
The student uses the variable resistor to change the potential difference across the
wire. At each value of potential difference the student takes one reading from the
voltmeter and one reading from the ammeter.
The readings are used to plot a current-potential difference graph.
Page 29 of 31
Describe and give a reason for:
the result in Region A ...........................................................................
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the shape of the graph in Region B. .....................................................
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(4)
(iii)
Suggest two ways the student could improve the investigation.
1 ...........................................................................................................
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2 ............................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)
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