A
Surname __________________________________________
Other Names ______________________________________
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For Examiner’s Use
Candidate Number______________________
Candidate Signature ________________________________
General Certificate of Secondary Education
Higher Tier
June 2014
Geography
(Specification B)
Unit 2
Hostile world and Investigating the shrinking world
90352H
Thursday 22 May 2014
9.00 am to 10.30 am
For this paper you must have:
 the insert (enclosed)
 a ruler.
You may use a calculator.
TIME ALLOWED
 1 hour 30 minutes
At the top of the page, write your surname and other
names, your centre number, your candidate number and
add your signature.
[Turn over]
2
INSTRUCTIONS

Use
black ink or black ball-point pen. You may use
pencil for maps, diagrams and graphs.

Answer
TWO questions: ONE question from Section A
and ONE question from Section B.
You
must answer the questions in the spaces
provided.
Do
all rough work in this book. Cross through any
work you do not want to be marked.
Use
case studies to support your answers where
appropriate.
3
INFORMATION
The
marks for questions are shown in brackets.
The
maximum mark for this paper is 86.

You
will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.

Spelling,
Punctuation and Grammar will be assessed
in questions 1(e)(iii) or 2(f) and 3(e) or 4(e). The marks
available for Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar
(SPaG) are shown below the mark allocation for each
question.
DO NOT TURN OVER UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO
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SECTION A – HOSTILE WORLD
Answer ONE question from Section A, either Question 1
OR Question 2.
Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
Total for this question: 43 marks
Living with natural hazards
1
Study FIGURE 1 on page 3 of the insert.
FIGURE 1 shows information about an
earthquake. The earthquake affected Japan in
March 2011.
1 (a)
Describe the location of the earthquake
epicentre. [3 marks]
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1 (b)
Suggest how the effects of earthquakes can be
reduced. [5 marks]
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1 (c)
Explain why volcanoes occur at plate
boundaries. [4 marks]
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1 (d)
Explain why people live in areas at risk from
volcanic eruptions. [5 marks]
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1 (e)
Study FIGURE 2 on pages 4 and 5 of the insert.
FIGURE 2 gives information about a tropical
storm (Hurricane Dean) in 2007.
1 (e) (i)
Describe the predicted path of Hurricane Dean
between 17 August 2007 and 22 August 2007.
[3 marks]
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1 (e) (ii) Suggest why the tropical storm (Hurricane
Dean) became less powerful after
22 August 2007. [3 marks]
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1 (e) (iii) On 17 August, all the people living on the
coast of Texas should have been evacuated.
Do you agree with this statement?
Give reasons for your decision.
[8 marks] [SPaG 3 marks]
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1 (f)
Explain how wildfires can start.
Use an example(s) you have studied.
[6 marks]
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1 (g)
Study FIGURE 3 on page 6 of the insert.
FIGURE 3 shows an area at risk from wildfires.
Suggest why the area shown in FIGURE 3
should be protected from wildfires. [3 marks]
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17
Total for this question: 43 marks
The challenge of extreme environments
2 (a)
Study FIGURE 4 on page 7 of the insert.
FIGURE 4 shows areas of Australia with a very
high risk of desertification.
Describe the distribution of the areas with
a very high risk of desertification shown in
FIGURE 4. [3 marks]
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2 (b)
Explain how hot desert environments are
formed.
Use FIGURE 4 and your own knowledge.
[5 marks]
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2 (c)
Describe the climatic causes of desertification.
[3 marks]
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2 (d)
Describe how desertification can be managed.
Use an example(s) you have studied.
[5 marks]
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2 (e)
Study FIGURE 5 on page 8 of the insert.
FIGURE 5 is a world map showing areas of
tropical rainforest and deforested areas.
2 (e) (i)
Describe the distribution of areas of tropical
rainforest. [2 marks]
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2 (e) (ii) Suggest why the rate of deforestation might
change in the future. [4 marks]
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2 (f)
Study FIGURE 6 on pages 10 and 11 of the
insert. FIGURE 6 gives information about an
area of tropical rainforest in Ecuador, a less
developed country in South America.
Drilling for oil in Yasuni National Park has
more advantages than disadvantages.
Do you agree with this statement? Give
reasons for your decision.
[8 marks] [SPaG 3 marks]
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2 (g)
Study FIGURE 7 on page 12 of the insert.
FIGURE 7 shows some human activities in cold
environments.
Explain how cold environments provide
economic opportunities.
Use an example(s) you have studied.
[6 marks]
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2 (h)
Study FIGURE 8 on page 13 of the
insert. FIGURE 8 shows an area in a cold
environment. This area is at risk from
development.
Suggest why the region shown in FIGURE 8
should be protected from development.
[4 marks]
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END OF SECTION A
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SECTION B – INVESTIGATING THE SHRINKING WORLD
Answer ONE question from Section B, either Question 3
OR Question 4.
Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
Total for this question: 43 marks
Investigating the globalisation of industry
3 (a)
Study FIGURE 9 on page 14 of the insert.
FIGURE 9 shows the location of factories
owned by a Transnational Corporation (TNC).
3 (a) (i)
With the help of FIGURE 9, explain what is
meant by a Transnational Corporation (TNC).
[4 marks]
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3 (a) (ii) Suggest reasons why many TNCs have opened
factories in less developed countries such as
India. [3 marks]
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3 (b)
Explain how the development of TNCs can
cause problems. [6 marks]
Use an example(s) you have studied.
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3 (c)
Study FIGURE 10. FIGURE 10 gives
information about six countries’ trade with
China.
FIGURE 10
% of trade
with China
25
20
15
10
5
0
Australia Brazil
Country
KEY
1992
2010
Eygpt
India
UK
USA
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3 (c) (i)
Describe the change in the UK’s trade with
China between 1992 and 2010 shown in
FIGURE 10. [2 marks]
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3 (c) (ii) Suggest TWO reasons why trade between
China and the countries shown in FIGURE 10
changed between 1992 and 2010. [4 marks]
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3 (d)
The development gap is the difference in
economic development between countries.
Study FIGURE 11. FIGURE 11 gives
information about Canada and Sri Lanka
in 2011.
FIGURE 11
Country
HDI
Canada
0.91
HDI ranking
out of 187
countries
6
Sri Lanka
0.69
97
GNI
35 166
4 943
GNI ranking
out of 187
countries
16
109
Human Development Index (HDI) – a measure of quality
of life from 0 (lowest)
to 1 (highest)
Gross National Income (GNI) – average income (US$)
per year
Describe the development gap between
Canada and Sri Lanka.
Use FIGURE 11. [2 marks]
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3 (e)
Explain how industrial growth brings social
and economic benefits to an area.
Use an example(s) you have studied.
[8 marks] [SPaG 3 marks]
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3 (f)
Suggest reasons for the growth of science and
research parks in more developed countries.
[5 marks]
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3 (g)
Study FIGURE 12. FIGURE 12 gives
information about a factory that has been
designed to manage the impacts of industrial
development sustainably.
FIGURE 12
Carbon
neutral.
Designed to stay
comfortably cool
in the hot,
tropical climate.
Uses 25% less
energy than
other factories of
the same size.
‘Bricks’ made of local
earth trap less heat in
the building than other
materials would.
Explain how the factory in FIGURE 12 is an
example of sustainable industrial development.
[6 marks]
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Senegal
1 hotel
Morocco
5 hotels
1 hotel
3 hotels
6 hotels
AFRICA
Tunisia
4 hotels Egypt
3 hotels
EUROPE
Portugal
Switzerland
Turkey
SOUTH
AMERICA
Brazil
3 hotels
The Caribbean
5 hotels
Hotels in Europe
France 23 hotels
Greece 1 hotel
Italy
5 hotels
Equator
Mexico
2 hotels
USA
1 hotel
NORTH
AMERICA
FIGURE 13
Investigating global tourism
Total for this question: 43 marks
China
3 hotels
Indonesia
2 hotels
Thailand
1 hotel
ASIA
AUSTRALASIA
Malaysia
1 hotel
Japan
2 hotels
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49
4 (a) (i)
With the help of FIGURE 13, describe how
tourism has become a global industry.
[4 marks]
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4 (a) (ii) Suggest reasons why the global tourism
company has opened hotels in less developed
countries such as Thailand and Indonesia.
[3 marks]
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4 (b)
Explain how the growth of tourism can create
social and economic problems.
Use examples you have studied. [6 marks]
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4 (c)
Study FIGURE 14. FIGURE 14 shows changes
in international tourist arrivals between
2003 and 2012.
FIGURE 14
% change in
international
tourist arrivals
+12
+10
+8
+6
+4
+2
0
–2
–4
03 04 05 06
Year 2003–2012
07
08
09
10
11
12
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4 (c) (i)
Describe the change in international tourist
arrivals between 2010 and 2012.
Use FIGURE 14. [2 marks]
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4 (c) (ii) Suggest TWO ways in which international
travel has an impact on the global
environment.
Use FIGURE 14 and your own knowledge.
[4 marks]
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4 (d)
The development gap is the difference in
economic development between countries.
Study FIGURE 15. FIGURE 15 gives
information about Canada and Egypt in 2011.
FIGURE 15
HDI ranking
out of 187
countries
GNI
GNI ranking
out of 187
countries
Country
HDI
Canada
0.91
6
35 166
16
Egypt
0.64
113
5 269
107
Human Development Index (HDI) – a measure of quality
of life from 0 (lowest)
to 1 (highest)
Gross National Income (GNI) – average income (US$)
per year
59
4 (d) (i)
Describe the development gap between
Canada and Egypt. [2 marks]
Use FIGURE 15.
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4 (d) (ii) Explain how tourism can help to raise
standards of living and income. [5 marks]
FIGURE 15 is repeated for information.
HDI ranking
out of 187
countries
GNI
GNI ranking
out of 187
countries
Country
HDI
Canada
0.91
6
35 166
16
Egypt
0.64
113
5 269
107
Use FIGURE 15 and your own knowledge.
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4 (e)
Explain how management and planning can
reduce conflict in a tourist honeypot.
Use an example(s) you have studied.
[8 marks] [SPaG 3 marks]
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4 (f)
Study FIGURE 16. FIGURE 16 gives
information about Basata Lodge.
Basata Lodge is an ecotourism development
in Egypt.
FIGURE 16

Fish are caught just offshore.

All the staff are local.

Vegetables are grown in Basata’s own greenhouse.

Food waste is fed to the lodge’s goats.

The sea water is pumped ashore and the salt removed
on site.

Cabins are simply furnished using local materials.

Mud-walled chalets built using local materials.
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Explain how the ecotourism development
in FIGURE 16 is an example of sustainable
tourism. [6 marks]
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END OF QUESTIONS
67
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For Examiner’s Use
Examiner’s Initials
Question
1
2
3
4
TOTAL
Mark
68
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Acknowledgement of copyright-holders and publishers
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been
applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyrightholders have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy
to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future
papers if notified.
Figure 10:
Figure 12:
Figure 14:
Figure 16:
Data Source: Financial Times
© Holcim Foundation
© UNWTO, 9284401513
© Naftali Hilger
Copyright © 2014 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
G/KL/108026/Jun14/90352H/E3