Tudor England
What Problems did the Tudors face?
Name________________________________ Teacher ____________
Targets
End of Year Level
To do well I should think about
Unit Target Level
SHS History 2013
Historical Knowledge
The Tudors are perhaps one of the most famous families in English history. Before we being to study the Tudors use the space below
to write down anything you already know about them. We can come back to this page at the end of this unit to see how
much you have learned.
Towards the end of what we now call the Medieval Period there was a civil war happening in England. It was called
the War of the Roses, it got this name because it was between two English houses that had different coloured Roses as
the symbol of their houses; they were called the house of York and the house of Lancaster.
These two great houses fought over the crown from 1455 - 1485. The crown passes back and forth between the two
houses over that time. When Henry Tudor, decided to raise a Lancastrian army against the Yorkist King Richard III they
eventually met in battle at Bosworth Field; not far from modern day Leicester, in 1485.
Richard III was killed at the Battle of Bosworth Field and Henry Tudor was crowned as Henry VII. What problems
do you think he might face now that he is king? Write your ideas in the space below:
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Historical Knowledge
When Henry first became king he had a few problems the main ones were:
• The York family might seek revenge for the death of Richard III.
• Some landowning Barons were powerful, wealth and had private armies of their own.
• Henry needed money to build up and army and live the lifestyle of a king, but he didn't have enough.
Task - Below are six things that Henry VII did to consolidate his power over England. Your job is to write down in the second
column how you think this would have helped. Soon you will be given the real reason.
Henry's Action
How do you think this would have helped.
This is how it did help.
He married a woman
from the house of York.
He banned the Barons
from having private
armies.
He made sure that he
had the best cannons
He forced people to give
him money.
He made deals with
other countries.
He used symbols to
make sure everyone
knew he was King.
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Source Investigation
Task - Use the set of information cards on your table to find out as much as you can about the young Henry VIII. Remember to think
about who is saying it and if you trust them. You can put your ideas together as a mind map or bullet points below.
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Task - Now that you have found out about Henry VIII's youth, you are going to write a one page review to make it easier for
others to find out about his life quickly. Be sure to highlight any key words you use.
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Historical Knowledge
Task - Below are 15 statements which are all true. You must use these statements to try and fill in the table at
the bottom of the page. It might be best to use a pencil for this task!
1.
Catherine Parr, she lived longer then Henry but married him in 1543
2.
Anne of Cleaves was married to Henry after Anne Boleyn but before Kathryn Howard.
3.
Kathryn Howard married Henry in 1540
4.
Catherine of Aragon was married to Henry before Jayne Seymour
5.
Anne Boleyn was beheaded in 1536
6.
Henry was married to Kathryn Howard for 2 years
7.
Henry first got married in 1509
8.
Catherine of Aragon was married to Henry for 24 years
9.
Henry died in 1547
10. Anne of Cleaves was so ugly that Henry married her and divorced her after 6 months and then married
Kathryn Howard later the same year
11. Henry married Anne Boleyn in the same year that he divorced the wife he had been married to for 24
years
12. Jayne Seymour was Henry's 3rd wife in 1536 13. Henry
was married to his 2nd wife for 3 years
14. Henry married his Ugly wife in the 3 years after Jayne Seymour died
15. Kathryn Howard was beheaded in 1542
Queen's Name
Year the
Marriage
Started
Year the
Marriage
Ended
How the Marriage
Ended
Self Mark - Check your answers against the table on the board. Correct any mistakes.
I got
/ 24
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Historical Knowledge
Henry VII left his son a fortune and Henry VIII very quickly spent it. His father had avoided expensive wars; Henry VIII could hardly
wait to win a great battle.
In 1513, he took an army to France and bet the French. They called it the Battle of the Spurs because the French knights ran
away so quickly! But this one war used up all his father's savings. Henry had to ask Parliament for more money.
However, one of Henry VIII's first acts would have pleased his father. Two weeks before he was crowned, he married
Catherine of Aragon.
Catherine was a good wife to Henry. In 1513, while Henry was in France, the Scottish king, James IV, attacked England. The
Queen got together an army and the Scots were beaten at Flodden. James IV was killed and Queen Catherine sent Henry a
present. It was the dead King's coat, stained with blood.
Only one thing was wrong. Henry longed for a son. He thought that England would be weak if he died without a male heir.
Other countries might attack England and beat her. Henry wanted to feel that the future was safe.
Catherine had several babies but only one lived more than a few weeks. It was a girl. They called her Mary.
By 1527, Catherine was over forty and probably too old to have any more children. Anyway, she was spending more time in
praying and less in dancing the night away. She was no longer pretty. And Henry had fallen in love with a young girl with black
eyes and long flowing hair. Her name was Anne Boleyn.
He wanted to marry her but, first, he had to divorce Catherine. England was a Catholic country, so Henry had to ask the Pope to
allow his divorce. Henry's Chancellor tried hard to persuade the Pope but he would not agree. So Henry did the only thing he
could; he got the English Church to break away from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry made himself head of the English
Church and the Pope no longer had any power over it. In 1533, Henry got his divorce, after all.
Task - Look at the cartoon below. It tells the same story as above with some added information, can you fill in the blanks?
Catherine of ___________ had
been Henry's wife since _____,
but she only gave him a baby
girl.
Henry desperately wanted a
baby ______ and had fallen in
love with Anne ___________.
He wanted a _____________.
Henry asked his lawyers
to find him a way out of
his marriage to Catherine,
but it seemed to be legal.
Henry decided to break with
________ and set up the
Church of _____________ to
get his divorce.
In 1533 Henry granted himself
his divorce. He could now
marry Anne but the pope was
furious!
Henry was very disappointed
to find that Anne also had a
girl. They called her
_________________
Henry was forced to ask the
______ for his permission
but he would not give it!
Many monks did not
support Henry's new
church so he closed them
down!
Self Mark: Use the answers on the board to check your work.
Correct any wrong answers.
The monasteries that Henry closed down
were very wealthy places, so Henry
I got
/ 10
______ all of their money!
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Historical Knowledge
Task - Look at the sources below. In the space at the side of each source write down what it tells you about why Henry wanted to
break from Rome.
Anne Boleyn was
pregnant in 1533
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Why did Henry VIII break with Rome?
Use everything you have learned over the past few lessons to help you answer this question in the space below.
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Why did Henry VIII break with Rome? - Teacher Assessed Feedback
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Evaluate (question) the links between people/places/events. •
Debate why things happened and how they impact on others.
Excellently organised with well selected & relevant information, must
include key terms.
Explain a number of links between people/places/events.
Explain how events are caused and how they impact on others.
Well structured with a supported conclusion and use of key terms.
Explain the links between people/places/events.
Describe how events are caused and/or how they affect other
people/events.
Well organised writing reaching conclusions using key terms.
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Describe people/places/situations. •
Describe some of the key events.
Start to organise my writing and use key words.
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Give some historical facts.
State some reasons why things happened.
Use key words.
To improve next time I need to
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Change and Continuity
Task - Read the text below, can you spot all of the spelling and grammar mistakes? Highlight them.
Despite all his marriage, henry VIII only had three children by the time he died on 28 th January 1547. Edward was nine,
Elizabeth was 14 and Mary was an adult of 31. Henry had absolutely no doubt as too who would run the country after he died
Edward of course! The young prince may only have been nine years old but he was a mail. His two sisters were older than him
but they were women and Henry believed that a woman was not able to rule the country.
Changes in Religion
As you have learned, Henry VIII had made some important changes to religion He had closed all the monasteries (and taken
there money), allowed the Bible to be read in English (not Latin) and most importantly, made himself, and future kings and
queens, Head of the Church of England (instead of the Pope). Henry didn't make any more major changes to religion and most
people, including the King, still thought of themselves as Catholic. However, Henrys son Edward believed deeply in the
Protestant faith. As a protestant, he thought that the Catholic Church made people worship God in the wrong way.. He felt that
God should be worshipped in a plane and simple manner. As he was Head of the Church, he could alter it in any way he
whished. Once again, religion in England was about to change.
Many people, especially in the countryside, didn't like all the changes to the way they worshipped. They loved the old services
and churches, and in some areas there were rebellions. The leaders of one rebellion in Cornwall saw just how ruthless young King
edward could be he sent in his soldiers to hang the rebels from the nearest trees.
Edward had always been a sickly child and constantly in need of a doctor's attention. He used to have his bedroom walls washed
down three time a day to keep him free from disease. But by the age of 15, he was dying of a lung disease called
tuberculosis. His hair fell out, his nails came off and his fingers and toes began to loosen and drop away at the joints. Edward dies on
6th July 1553. He had no children so his older sister, mary became the new Queen. She was a deeply religious Catholic.
Protestant England was about to change again!
Task - In the space blow and on the next page answer the following questions:
1.
Why di Henry VIII not want one of his older children to
take over after his death?
4.
Why were Edward's changes a problem for some
people?
2.
What key changes did Henry VIII make to religion in
England?
5.
Describe the events in Cornwall in your own words.
6.
Do you think Edward's changes to religion were a
continuation of his father's work?
3.
Why did Edward want to make more changes after his
father's death?
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Change and Continuity
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Change and Continuity & Interpretations
Task - Read all of the evidence below about Mary Tudor. You are going to use it to fill in the table on the next page. Remember to be
thinking about whether or not the evidence suggests Mary was 'Bloody'.
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Change and Continuity & Interpretations
Source
Does it show
Mary to be
bloody?
(Yes / No)
Why do you think this?
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Task - In the space below make notes on the Bloody Mary documentary, you will need as much information as possible for your
Homework.
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Task - Considering everything you know about Mary Tudor you are going to write an article for the Chorley Guardian explaining
how fair/unfair you think it is to call her 'Bloody Mary'.
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Historical Knowledge
Task - On this page you are going to summarise what you learn about Elizabeth's Problems.
What is the problem?
How did Elizabeth respond?
Do you think she was successful?
What is the problem?
How did Elizabeth respond?
Do you think she was successful?
What is the problem?
How did Elizabeth respond?
Do you think she was successful?
What is the problem?
How did Elizabeth respond?
Do you think she was successful?
What is the problem?
How did Elizabeth respond?
Do you think she was successful?
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Historical Knowledge
In the years since Henry VIII broke away from Rome there had been lots of changes to religion in England.
Under Edward the country had moved towards a strict Protestant state, under Mary things went back the other
way; making the country strictly Catholic again. By the time Elizabeth got to the throne England was a very
mixed bag of religious opinion.
Most people in England were reasonable about religion. Some preferred the Catholic way, some preferred the
Protestant, but they did not want to fight about it. They wanted to be left alone to do as they pleased. But for
many year they had been forced to worship one way or another. Fortunately Queen Elizabeth, unlike the tree
Tudor monarchs before her, did not have very strong religious views. Guided by ministers such as William
Cecil, she tried to find a middle way that would please the biggest number of people. She took parts from the
Catholic way of worship and parts from the Protestant. Most people except the extreme Catholics and
extreme Protestants were ready to agree to this for the sake of peace, even if it was not exactly what they
would have chosen.
Task - Copy down the
information from the
board about the three
different religious
views in Elizabeth's
England.
Extreme
Catholics
Extreme
Protestants
Extreme Protestants
The Great Majority
Extreme Catholics
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Historical Knowledge
The two diagrams below represent what a Catholic and a Protestant would expect their church to look like. As you can see they are
very different experiences. It must have been very difficult for Elizabeth to come up with a compromise. Think about how
you might compromise; write your ideas in the space below.
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Bias
Task - You are going to take on the role of one of the religious groups, either the extreme Protestants or the extreme Catholics.
For whichever one you choose you are going to write a letter to Elizabeth about her new rules. Remember to express the
opinion from the perspective of the group you have chosen.
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Feedback
Feedback on Homework (p.16)
Literacy Feedback (p.20)
General Progress
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Francis of
Alencon
Philip II of Spain
Robert Dudley
Robert
Devereux
Name
What is his
nationality?
What religion
he?
is
Does he have lots of
money?
Can Elizabeth form
an
alliance?
Anthing else
should consider
she
Historical Knowledge
Task - Look at the information you have about Elizabeth's four suitors. Fill in the table below to help you make a decision as to who
Elizabeth should choose.
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Historical Knowledge
By 1568, Elizabeth had been Queen for ten years. She hadn't married and she hadn't any children. This
meant that if she died, her cousin Mary, Queen of Scotland, would become Queen of England and Wales too.
Mary had a troubled past. She was known as a great beauty but had difficulty keeping her husbands! She was
married to the King of France - who died in a freak riding accident. She then married an English Lord - who
was strangled and blown up. Soon after this, she married the man who was suspected of murdering her
second husband!
The Scots were suspicious of Mary's connection to her second husband's death and some rebelled against her.
She was forced to give up her throne and stand aside as her young son, James, was made king of Scotland. In
1568, she ran away to England, perhaps hoping that her cousin, Queen Elizabeth, would take pity on her.
Mary immediately caused problems for Elizabeth. She was a Catholic for a start and made no secret of the
fact that she thought she should be Queen of England instead of Elizabeth. Some English Catholics even
agreed with her. Elizabeth's solution was a harsh but typically clever one. She kept Mary a virtual prisoner
until she could make up her mind what to do with her. In fact Mary was kept in various houses and castles
and imprisoned for the next 17 years.
The two women never actually met each other in this time but finally Elizabeth was forced to take action
against Mary. She had committed the terrible crime of supporting a plan to kill the English Queen.
The Babington Plot
In 1586, a young, rich Catholic man called Anthony Babington had a secret plan to kill Elizabeth. He would
organise six men to kill the English Queen, rescue Mary from her prison and make her the new Queen of
England. However, Babington needed to know if Mary liked the idea and would support him. He needed to
contact her in prison.
He managed to get Mary's servants to hid secret letters in beer barrels that were taken to her room. The letters
were written in code. Mary write back saying she agreed to the plan. In fact, Mary's servants didn't work for
her at all; they worked for England's chief spy, Sir Francis Walsingham, who took the letters straight to
Elizabeth.
When the code was broken, the message was clear: Mary was supporting a plan to kill the Queen. This was
treason.
Despite all the evidence, Elizabeth still didn't want to have her cousin executed. Eventually, her secretary, Sir
John Davidson slipped
the death warrant in
among some papers
she had to sign.
Elizabeth pretended
she didn't really
know what she was
signing signed it
changed her mind
then tried to stop the
execution. But she
was too late. Mary
Queen of Scots had
already been
executed.
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Historical Knowledge
This is an example of the type of code that Mary might
have sent. Can you use the key at the bottom to break
the code? Write what you think the code says in the
space below.
Task - The execution was a major problem for Elizabeth. Over the next page you are going to write a diary extract written by
Elizabeth at the end of the day when Mary was executed. What might she be thinking? What would be bothering her?
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Peer Assessment: Read your friends work and comment on:
1. What went well
2. It could be even better if
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Historical Knowledge
In 1588 the Spanish sent and Armada of war ships to invade England. Over the next 4 lessons you must
answer the following questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Why did the King of Spain want to invade England?
Who were the main people involved?
How would you describe the events?
Who won the battle and how?
How have the events been interpreted?
You are going to work in groups and use all of the resources you can get together to plan a creative way
to present the answers to the questions above. Today is lesson 1, you will be presenting your ideas in
lesson 5!
Below are some QR links to websites that can help you as well as resources on Moodle.
BBC Bitesize Website
http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesi
ze/ks3/history/tudors_stuart
s/the_armada/revision/1/
Spanish Interpretation
Philip's reasons
http://vle.southlandsit.c
o.uk/mod/resource/view
.php?id=2946
On a Spanish ship
What happened?
http://vle.southlandsit.co
.uk/mod/resource/view.
php?id=2947
Spanish Power
Armada images
http://vle.southlandsit.c
o.uk/mod/lightboxgaller
y/view.php?id=2948
Battle at sea
http://vle.southlandsit.
co.uk/mod/resource/vi
ew.php?id=2953
http://vle.southlandsit
.co.uk/mod/resource/
view.php?id=2950
http://vle.southlandsit.
co.uk/mod/resource/vi
ew.php?id=2951
http://vle.southlandsit.
co.uk/mod/resource/vi
ew.php?id=2949
View of the Armada
Reliable Website 1
Reliable Website 2
Horrible Histories
http://vle.southlandsit.
co.uk/mod/resource/vi
ew.php?id=2952
http://www.historylear
ningsite.co.uk/spanish_
armada.htm
http://www.bbc.co.uk/hi
story/british/tudors/adam
s_armada_01.shtml
http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=w6_UkL
HcdJk
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Notes / Planning
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Notes / Planning
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Spanish Armada Project - Teacher Feedback
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Evaluate (question) the links between people/places/events. •
Debate why things happened and how they impact on others.
Excellently organised with well selected & relevant information, must
include key terms.
Explain a number of links between people/places/events.
Explain how events are caused and how they impact on others.
Well structured with a supported conclusion and use of key terms.
Explain the links between people/places/events.
Describe how events are caused and/or how they affect other
people/events.
Well organised writing reaching conclusions using key terms.
•
Describe people/places/situations. •
Describe some of the key events.
Start to organise my writing and use key words.
•
•
•
Give some historical facts.
State some reasons why things happened.
Use key words.
To improve next time I need to
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Historical Knowledge
In the middle ages the old, sick or out of work might get help from kindly neighbours or from the Church,
especially the monasteries. Because towns and villages were small and everyone knew everyone else, this
worked fairly well.
In Tudor times the poor and unemployed became a serious problem. The disbanding of the barons' private
armies and households after the Wars of the Roses and the changes in farming left many people without work
and often without homes. After the 1540's the monasteries were no longer there to help the poor and the sick.
Many were forced to become beggars. Sometimes bands of beggars terrorised villages and became so
powerful that they could capture small towns and hold the citizens to ransom.
Queen Elizabeth's ministers realised that the problem was so great that it could no longer be left to private
charity and to payments out of Church collections. The government had to take action.
The government decided that each parish must look after its own poor and unemployed. They had-worked
justices of the peace were given the power to collect a tax called the poor rate from everyone in the parish
who had land.
The justices had also to appoint men called overseers of the poor to do the actual work. The government
divided the unemployed into three kinds, and in one way or another the poor rate was used to cater for them.
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Historical Knowledge
Task - Use this page (or glue a separate sheet in her) to design a poster advertising the new laws to Elizabeth's people.
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