Kent Historical Society Newsletter Volume 17, Number 1 Kent, Connecticut February 2016 Birdsey Grant Northrop, Tree Hugger Extraordinaire By Wendy Murphy July 18, 1817 marks the birthday of Kent’s own Birdsey Grant Northrop. Few Americans know his name today but over the eight decades of his very productive life he was revered not only in New England but in places as far away as Japan, Australia, Turkey and Germany. Farmer, teacher, preacher, educational reformer, world traveler, prominent writer/lecturer, town planner and diplomatic envoy, his greatest and most lasting work was on behalf of planting trees and beautifying small towns, two causes that he believed were essential to the happiness and vigor of democratic society. He is the often-unsung “Father of Arbor Day” in many countries. Birdsey’s life began modestly enough. His parents moved to Kent from New Milford around 1800, buying Azariah Pratt’s homestead near the intersection of Route 7 and Cobble Road and enough acreage to establish a typical subsistence farm of the day. Like his four brothers and sisters, Birdsey’s boyhood days were divided between attendance at the district primary school, farm chores, and church. Kent, like most of Connecticut in those years was largely denuded of trees as farming and the charcoal industry claimed the state’s once resplendent forests, which probably explains his particular affection for trees. He would always remember the joy he took as a boy of six helping his mother plant a young maple tree in their front yard, then watching it grow in size and beauty as he grew to manhood. Birdsey might well have gone on to become a farmer like his father, but he had larger ambitions beyond Kent. Much to his father’s displeasure he eventually set off for college, graduating from Yale with a degree in theology in 1841 at the age of 24. Young Northrop took a wife and was soon called to lead a small Northrop House, with Abby Northrop (left) and Lucy Hall, early 20th century. Those trees were planted by Birdsey Northrop. Congregational church in Massachusetts. But he continued to look for some greater platform for service. When offered the job as director of Massachusetts’ school system and then of Connecticut’s fledgling program, he left preaching to become a champion of free and compulsory public school education. Recognizing that America had much to learn from Europe in those years he read avidly and traveled abroad to investigate both public education and environmental conservation. Northrop’s Enduring Legacy Arbor Day had more than one father, as the citizens of Nebraska City, Nebraska are proud to point out. In 1872 resident J. Sterling Morton, year after year observing the loss of precious topsoil to wind and water erosion, persuaded the Nebraska State Board of Agriculture to sponsor a statewide program of treeplanting across the treeless prairie. Morton’s Arbor Day, held in early April on his birthday, was first and foremost concerned with “economic conservation” and the majority of trees planted in those early years were in wind rows to shelter farm fields. By contrast, Birdsey Northrop and his followers were driven by a more aesthetic and “moral” concern for village improvement; his Arbor Day Even in those busy years he made time to lecture and write, going from town to town to stir up interest in planting shade trees along thoroughfares, cleaning up front yards, painting aging buildings, and installing gas lights and sidewalks to improve village and community. His report on tree culture in Europe, published in 1879, so impressed the Connecticut Board 2 of Agriculture that he was asked for advice in reviving Connecticut’s primordial forests. U.S., Northrop successfully petitioned Congress to return some $750,000 that had been extracted 20 years earlier in connection with Japan’s default on its Open Door Treaty. From this was born Connecticut’s Arbor Day, made into law in 1876 by the State Legislature. As it was the centennial year of American Independence, Northrop urged everyone to honor the heroes of the American Revolution by planting a tree that “its fruits may survive 1976.” That first year Connecticut’s teachers and students were awarded prizes for planting five trees of specified height and species. Many other states followed Connecticut’s example. Northrop finally made it to Japan in person in 1895. He delivered 38 lectures in the short space of two months, mostly focused on establishing Arbor Day in Japan, an annual custom observed ever since. An old man now, he remained committed to his causes, traveling to almost every state in the union to spread the word until his death on April 28, 1898. Remarkably, Northrop’s work was particularly influential in Japan, which had only recently opened itself to foreign trade. Invited by the Emperor of Japan to visit in 1872 to consult on modernizing their educational system, Northrop was too busy to make the trip. Instead, he brought over several Japanese girls to educate in the U.S. as a demonstration of what Japan should aspire to. Northrop went on to win lasting admiration as the individual most responsible for resolving the prickly Shimonoseki Indemnity stand-off between the two nations in 1883. Carrying a 40-foot long petition signed by virtually every influential figure in academia and the clergy in the Birdsey Northrop’s legacy to Kent continues thanks to the gratitude of a Japanese forester, Shunichi Kuga, who visited Kent in 1972, bringing copies of his own biography of Northrop and a check for $1,000. The gift, Kuga explained, was in appreciation to the town for what Northrop had done for Japan so long ago. Emily Hopson, town historian, received the unexpected check, promptly depositing it in the Town’s bank account. In the 1980s the Kuga Fund was tapped once for street tree planting along Main Street, after which it was largely forgotten. Then in 2001 the new Kent Conservation Commission volunteered to take custody of the account, which had grown in value considerably, for tree maintenance in the village. Most recently the Kuga Fund contributed to the planting of eight new shade trees along Elizabeth Street. And come Friday April 29, Birdsey Northrop will also be remembered at the annual Arbor Day ceremonies at Kent Center School. This public celebration of arts, poetry, music and tree planting by children was revived in 2001 with help from the Kent Conservation Commission, the Kent Garden Club, and the Kent Greenhouse. Hometown boy Birdsey would be well pleased. was launched in 1876 in the nation’s centennial year. Over time the efforts and celebration of both movements merged. More recently, growing concerns over oil spills, air and water pollution, loss of habitat, and the publication of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, pushed the broader topic of environmental protection onto the national political agenda. In 1970 the first Earth Day, also in April but one week earlier than Arbor Day, was held in hundreds of cities and towns across the U.S. That same year Congress created the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to protect human health and the environment through the writing and enforcement of environmental regulations in every state and territory. 3 Great or Not? The Reputation of George Laurence Nelson By Chris Moore Chris has been an intern with the Kent Historical Society for several summers, and recently sent us this piece about George Laurence Nelson. an artist who is unique. Comparing him to the more recognized American artists of yore, Nelson comes across as simply a fine craftsman specializing in a representational style that was wearing away during his lifetime. Time, essentially, has vindicated this view. Since I have begun to delve into the life of George Laurence Nelson, I have wondered about his place in art history. For an artist who lived through the rise of modern art, how should he be viewed? I should first off say that I do not think GLN is And on February 28, 1970, Nelson could have foreseen as much. It was on that day that the chief art critic of the New York Times, John Canaday, mentioned in his column, “a corpse twitching 40 years after embalmment, the National Academy of Design” and its annual exhibition. To Nelson, its show would have been a refuge of tradition, and an honest judge of merit in figure and landscape painting. But to Canaday, most of the work exhibited nothing more than “banality” and “amateurism.” Apparently, the judges had decided to not bestow the $15,000 in prizes to any artists. Canaday, smelling blood, figured it was a sign of an institution in decline. Outraged, Nelson wrote a letter to the editor, saying, “it is the prerogative of every elected jury to withhold awards if it so chooses.” He further mentioned that Canaday’s “corpse” remark was an “uncalled for insult.” But to Nelson, what would have been more damning would have been the shows that Canaday 4 deemed as “more rewarding than the academy’s” in his column. Among them was an exhibition on the “frequently abstractly beautiful” work of an artist by the name of Takis. His art, by the manipulation of magnetic fields, used everyday items such as nails and iron fillings. To Canaday, he is “much more entertaining than (one’s) freshman physics lab instructor used to be.” After reading that, I imagine Nelson must have been irked. I also cannot see him agreeing with Andy Warhol’s belief that, “good business is the best art.” Nelson was a craftsman, not a publicity seeker. His problem is, generally speaking, that his wonderful still lifes and keenly observed landscapes made him more of an artist from the 19th century, not the 20th. Encountering a Traitor: Sunday Series Braving the aftermath of a large snowstorm that crippled the east coast, author Eric D. Lehman spoke to a large Sunday Series audience at Kent's Town Hall on January 24. He presented a modern view of Benedict Arnold. Lehman noted that when beginning the book, he hoped he could vindicate Arnold, or at least make a case that he had been unfairly maligned, but this hope vanished during this research. "He was a bad man," Lehman said. Eric Lehman at Town Hall. A big thank you to Kent Coffee & Chocolate Company for providing the refreshments! Yet he was also a courageous soldier who had many prominent friends and admirers before his treachery. Lehman presented a modern "social network" analysis of Arnold's social circle, and showed how connected he was to prominent colonial figures. Lehman also explored the various meanings of the word "treason," and how the modern usage does not fit the situation in the colonies during the Revolution. What made Arnold's treachery stand out, Lehman declared, was that he didn't just betray his country -- he betrayed his friends. Lehman ended his talk with a haunting story about 5 Arnold encountering Talleyrand, the notoriously slippery French politician who worked for the Bourbons, several revolutionary governments, and Napoleon, among others. At a tavern in Portsmouth, England, Talleyrand asked an American stranger for letters of introduction he could use on his trip. It turned out to be Arnold, who refused, saying, "I am perhaps the only American who cannot give you letters for his own country. All the relations I had there are now broken. I must never return." Talleyrand's comment: "I must confess that he excited my pity." Our Donors Give Us So Much With great appreciation, we list the following businesses, organizations, foundations, and individuals that provided funding for the Kent Historical Society’s programs and events, or awarded grants to KHS toward the restoration of Seven Hearths in 2015. Gold Benefactors (designated gifts of $1,000 and above) Silver Benefactors (designated gifts up to $1,000) Connecticut Humanities Victor and Susan Fink in memory of Camp Leonard/Leonore KentPresents Kent School Marvelwood School 1772 Foundation South Kent School Annie Bananie and Backcountry Outfitters Bain Real Estate William Pitt Sotheby’s International Realty Kent Station Pharmacy Morrison Gallery Nicholas/Tobin Insurance, Inc. Union Savings Bank Our heartfelt thanks to the following donors, including all those who gave to the Kent Historical Society’s Annual Fund and Comprehensive Campaign during the 2015 fiscal year, and through December 31, 2015. Ron and Amy Aakjar Karen and Lew Alfest Ky Anderson Mr. Lawford Anderson and Ms. Jean Morrison Larry Appel and Ellen Dunn Kip and Merry Armstrong Dr. Amy Attas and Mr. Stephen Shapiro Rona Auster Ned and Susan Babbitt Bill and Catherine Bachrach Mr. and Mrs. John Milnes Baker Richard Barber Mr. and Mrs. Richard Barlow Jeannette Montgomery Barron and James D. Barron Georganne Bensh and Nathan Kolodny Marc and Janette Bornn Rosemarie Allaire-Bosson and George Bosson Mr. and Mrs. Kevin Brady Maureen and Tom Brady Mary Brash Melode Brasher Ely Britton Woody and Pixie Brown Harmie Brown Carol and Bill Brown Jim Brownell Ronald C. Budny Bob Burgess Cliff and Roberts Burnett Craig and Bettina Burr Karen Butler Elizabeth Carlson Dorothy Casey Mr. and Mrs. John Casey Suzanne and Lawrence Charity Darrell and Melissa Cherniske Martin and Alice Cherniske Lois Christopher Sharon and Todd Cipolla Mr. and Mrs. Albert Coffill Colonial Lords of Manors in America Mr. and Mrs. Donald Connery Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Coons Ken Cooper and Charmian Place Ellen Corsell Darlene Chase Cromer Mr. and Mrs. Richard Crouch Mr. and Mrs. Richard Davis Annette de la Renta Vincent and Lois DeMarco Donald and Carolyn DeVita Mr. and Mrs. Francois DiGregorio Robin Dill-Herde Tony and Randy DiPentima Susanne Edgerly Ruth and Ed Epstein Kathleen and Peter Esche Mike and Anne Everett Susan and Victor Fink Susan Forbes and Robert Markowitz Phyllis Foster Tom and Carol Franken Carol and Brad Friedman Pat Gallagher Bob and Sabine Gibson Ira Goldspiel Roger Gonzales Charlotte Goodwin Mrs. Donald Gowan Built on Bequests Modern donors recognize the value of having their surviving assets continue to foster their goals. In this spirit, we hope you’ll consider making a bequest to the Kent Historical Society. By including a bequest to the Kent Historical Society in your will or living trust, you are ensuring that we can continue to celebrate and preserve Kent for years to come. 6 Myra Guerra Eileen Gunning and Robert Blackmore Michael Hallows and Lynn Perry Mr. and Mrs. Chris Harrington Deborah and Jonathan Hart Kevin and Guyllen Hart Joanne Hawks Bronson and Marcia Hawley Dr. Harvey Hayden VMD Jill M. Hetson, DMD, and George W. Hetson, DMD Don and Patti Hicks James and Alice Hicks Charles Hirschler Tanya Horgan Dot Hosterman Arthur and Judy Howland Robert Indorf, Sr. Claire Irving W. Griggs Irving Michael Jacoby and John Veltri Mr. and Mrs. David Jalbert Melinda Keck John Jenner and Moira Kelly Stan and Sandy Jennings John and Adele Johnson Anna Johnson-Chase and David Wolf Mr. and Mrs. Matt Johnston Joyce and John Kaminski Mr. Walter Kane Melinda Keck Susan Adams Kennedy Georgianne Kent Charles and Jane Klein Family Fund Louisa LaFontan Your gift also entitles your estate to an unlimited federal estate tax charitable deduction. You can use a wide variety of assets to fund a bequest, including cash, appreciated securities, real estate, tangible personal property, securities, and even closely held stock. Please give us a call at 860-927-4587 to discuss it with us. Ed Lamkay and Arthur Novell Mr. and Mrs. Louis Lana Mr. and Mrs. Robert Lenz Dr. Martin Levine and Dr. Israel Cruz Rick Levy Charlotte Lindsey Dick Lindsey Mason Lord Jr. Ronald MacFarlane Carol Hoffman Matzke Cathe Mazza Frank and Carol McCann Emily McWhinney Hank and Susan McWhinnie Judy and Peter Messer Michael G. Monsarrat, DMD Owen and Jane Moore Jeffrey Morgan and Robert Couturier Ms. Linda Nacinovich and Ms. Elaine Debet-Fricke James and Gail Neill Nicholas/Tobin Insurance Patricia and John Noneman Andrew Ocif Old Home Associates Andy and Millie Olson Karina O’Meara Mrs. Eugene O'Meara Mr. and Mrs. John R. Osborne, Jr. The Pennyghael Foundation Judy and Jim Perkins Dr. and Mrs. Donald Peters Bertha J. Petith Jackie Pflieger John Polhemus Ester G. Pollard Robert and Leslie Powell Allan Priaulx and Jacqueline Markham Barbara Psarakis Rosina Rand Alison Ratliff David Regen and Maria Hill Elizabeth Ritchie Jane and Ted Roth Stuart and Linda Saal Kevin Sabia Mr. and Mrs. James Samartini Dan and Lorry Schiesel Lorna Schofield William and Joan Silk James and Dana Slaughter Virginia Smith Donna Sommers Toni and Dan Soule Butch and Judi Soule Bunny Soule Peter Starbuck Margaret B. Stearns Anonymous, in honor of Charlotte and Richard Lindsey Karen Binder-Brynes and Paul Neuman, in honor of Emily Hopson Marc and Marilyn DeVos, in honor of Emily Hopson Donna Hall, in memory of Donald and Mildred Hall Mr. and Mrs. Jon Stroble Virginia Bush Suttman James Talbot Jay Teevan Paul Tines Charles Tomlinson Herbert and Nancy Tully Foundation John Veltri and Michael Jacoby James and Kate Vick Rick and Sue Vizzari Edward and Carolyn Wagner Jean Waterhouse Edward H. Wathley Bruce W. Whipple and Michael Ward Jerry and Judy White The Reverend Roger B. White Kenny and JoAnn Whitmore Roger Whitmore Charles P. Whittemore Hiram Williams and Peter Vaughan Rodney Williams Alicia and Matthew Winter Alice J. Wolfe Lynn and John Worthington Wesley and Nancy Wyrick Mrs. Henry Zaccara Richard and Lauri Zarin Dr. Gabriel Zatlin and Jane Zatlin Tony and Sally Zunino Denis and Patricia Horgan, in honor of Edna Peet Frisbie Lester Hoysradt, in honor of Roger Sterry and family Ms. Jane Pierce Pogany, in honor of Eugene "Rusty" O'Meara Ms. Nancy Pringle, in honor of Mary Louise Wunderle Grateful Thanks We received so much more than just donations in 2015. Many businesses, individuals, and organizations stepped forward to lend us a hand, volunteering time, effort, and creativity. We list them here, with warm thanks... For the generosity of local businesses: Arbor Services of Connecticut Gawel Excavating B. L. Gleason and Son, Inc. Irish Rock Art Kent Greenhouse and Garden Center Kent True Value To all the individuals who helped as docents and in too many other ways to count: Bruce Adams Ky Anderson Lloyd Albin Bill Arnold Bill and Catherine Bachrach Stephen Bartkus Sue Begnal Bruce and Debby Bennett David Birnbaum Marsi Boon Darlene Brady Christine, Doug, Max and Cole Branson Patti and Bill Case Zanne and Lawrence Charity Karen Chase Melissa, Darrell and Aiden Cherniske Kasey Clark Al Coffill Irene Connors Rebekah, Richard and Sidney Crouch Peggy Danek Peter D’Aprile Debbie Devaux Paul and Beth Dooley Laurie Doss Larry Dumoff Ed and Ruth Epstein Mike and Anne Everett Victor and Susan Fink Brad Finkelstein and Lisa Lippman 7 Carol Franken Candie, Tyler and Eric Fredritz Patrice and Frank Galterio William C. Gawel Heather and Rob Gerowe John Gleason Mike Gnazzo Roger Gonzales Tim Good Fran Goodsell Richard Herrington Hugh Hill Cynthia Hochswender Seth Houck Judy Howland Sandy and Stan Jennings Carol Kallstrom Kent Quilters Kent School students Lindsey Kerr Richard Kerschner Barry LaBendz Grateful Thanks, continued Abigail LaFontain Bill, Tammy, Madison, and Emily Lang Kathi Lee and Wyatt Lee Rick Levy Charlotte and Dick Lindsey Sue Lopardo Connie Manes Darin Meny Marvelwood School Students Anne McAndrews and Dave Fairty Chris Moore Justin Money Rev. Michael J. Moran Jeffrey Morgan Billy Morrison Wendy Murphy Karina O'Meara Ruth and Rusty O’Meara Marie O’Neill Linda Palmer Mary and Don Peters Lucy Pierpont Bill Pollack Elissa and George Potts Toni Presti Sam Rathbun Jennie Rehnberg Deborah Rose Jane and Ted Roth Jessie, James and Melanie Rundall Susie Rundall Julia Samartini Scot Samuelson Nancy Schaefer Ira Smith Marge Smith Lee Sohl Donna Sommers Judi Soule Lyn Stirnweiss Jerry and Gail Tobin Lisa Weinblatt Michael Ward Bruce Whipple Dennis White Marion and Joe Whynott Joe Whynott, Jr. Matt, Nate and Simon Winter Wes Wyrick Lynn, John and Trisha Worthington Jane Zatlin To the organizations that collaborated on programs or loaned objects for our Camps of Kent exhibition: Connecticut Antique Machinery Assoc. Girl Scouts of Connecticut The Gunn Museum The Hills Film Festival Kent Garden Club Kent Land Trust Kent Memorial Library Sharon Historical Society And let’s not forget the tasty treats provided by: The Fife ‘n Drum Restaurant J.P. Gifford’s Kent Coffee & Chocolate 109 Cheese SoDelicious Homemade Bakery The Villager Restaurant Upcoming Sunday Series Programs Covered bridges that date back to colonial times are an iconic image of Northwest Connecticut, and the Kent/Cornwall area boasts some of the oldest of these structures still in existence in New England. On Sunday, March 20, 2015, at 2:00 PM at the Kent Town Hall, the topic will be explored. Author William S. Caswell Jr. will share information gathered for his book, Connecticut and Rhode Island Covered Bridges, which boasts rare vintage images and postcard memories of days gone by. During their heyday in the 1800s, more than 150 covered bridges dotted the landscape of Connecticut and Rhode Island, with many concentrated in the hills of northwestern Connecticut. Since then, fires, floods, and progress have claimed all but three of the historic structures. Caswell, an engineer for the NH Department of Transportation, is president and historian for the National Society for the Preservation of Covered Bridges, and also maintains a website dedicated to gathering and sharing covered bridge photographs and information. Image of Bulls Bridge by “Sixlocal,” Wikimedia Commons, under the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike Unported License 8 History on Foot: Frank Galterio and the Moravians By Brian Thomas Some people learn a landscape by reading a book about it. Others must walk its length and breadth over many years. Still others, like Frank Galterio, do both. The history was checkered, since Connecticut expelled the Moravians during the French and Indian War. Many of the Moravians, in addition to a number of Moravian Indians, fled to the main site of the Moravian church in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, where the order welcomed them and provided land for them to farm. Eventually it became possible to return to New York and Connecticut. Galterio says, “They said they wanted to return where the land was most beautiful and the people were the most peaceful. And that was here in Kent.” A longtime friend of the Kent Historical Society, Galterio has been walking Schaghticoke Mountain since the 1970s when he came here camping from Long Island. Eventually he moved to Kent. He explains, “I hike all over the place, all day long. And I usually don't follow trails.” On one walk, he had a conversation with Alan Russell, chief of the Schaghticoke Indian Tribe. Russell showed Galterio a copy of a map of a gravesite that had 68 graves in it. Later, around 2010, Galterio found two volumes about the Moravian missionaries who lived in Kent from 1743 to 1767 among the Schaghticokes-translated and edited by Corinna Dally-Starna and William Starna, called Gideon’s People: Being a Chronicle of an American Indian Community in Colonial Connecticut and the Moravian Missionaries Who Served There. Galterio has read this account five times. Galterio’s research is ongoing, but a high point came in 2012, when Frank brought Craig Atwood, director of the Center for Moravian Studies to Kent and led him to the gravesite on the map. He introduced him to Alan Russell. The Schaghticokes and the Moravians “hadn't been together for 269 years,” Galterio said. He filmed them together, standing among the graves of their ancestors. Galterio explains what makes these Moravian diaries so interesting. The missionaries had to write day by day diaries of everything going on, from the weather to earthquakes, and especially their ties with the Native Americans. “The Moravians were really truthful in their diaries,” Galterio says. “They didn't lie. It was a sin.” Many Schaghticoke Indians became Moravians during this period. Frank Galterio filming Alan Russell (left) and Craig Atwood, the Moravian historian. Photo by Basil Merlot 9 Kent Historical Society PO Box 651 Kent, CT 06757 Kent Historical Society 10 Studio Hill Road, PO Box 651, Kent, CT 06757 Society 860-927-4587Kent Historical [email protected] 10 Studio Hill Road, PO Box 651, Kent, CT 06757 www.kenthistoricalsociety.org 860-927-4587 [email protected] Officers www.kenthistoricalsociety.org Michael Everett, President Officers Vice President Lynn Mellis Worthington, Michael Everett, President Melissa Cherniske, Secretary; Bruce Whipple, Treasurer Lynn Mellis Worthington, Trustees Vice President Melissa Cherniske, Bruce Whipple, Treasurer Zanne Charity,Secretary; Roger Gonzales, Tim Good, Trustees Jeffrey Morgan, Nancy Schaefer Zanne Charity,Director Roger Gonzales, Tim Good, Executive ~ Brian Thomas Jeffrey Morgan, Nancy Schaefer Assistant ~ Lyn Stirnweis Staff Executive Director ~ BrianHill Thomas Hours at Tallman House at 10 Studio Road: Tuesdays 9 Curator/Archivist ~ Marge Smith AM to Noon, Fridays 1 to 4 PM, or by appointment Assistant ~ Lyn Stirnweiss Kent Quiz This month’s question is open-ended, and ties into our recent Sunday Series event: Why did Benedict Arnold betray his country and his friends? Everyone who attended Eric Lehman’s lecture will have an advantage here. Answer to the last quiz: How many railroad crossings are there in Kent? Nine. Can you believe it? This newsletter is printed and sponsored Hours at Tallman House at 10 Millerton, Studio HillNY Road: by Moore & More Printing, Tuesdays 9 AM to Noon, Fridays 1 to 4 PM, or by appointment This newsletter is printed and sponsored by Moore & More Printing, Millerton, NY 10
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