Unit 5 Cell Transport
Study Guide – Honors
Mr. Lillibridge
Name: _____________________________________
Study Guide
H.B.2 Cell Transport
The student will demonstrate the understanding that the essential functions of life take place
within cells or systems of cells.
Conceptual Understanding H.B.2C Transport processes which move materials into and out of
the cell serve to maintain homeostasis of the cell.
Performance Indicator H.B.2C.1: Passive & Active Transport. Develop and use models to
exemplify how the cell membrane serves to maintain homeostasis of the cell through both active
and passive transport processes.
Performance Indicator H.B.2C.2: Tonicity & Osmosis. Ask scientific questions to define the
problems that organisms face in maintaining homeostasis within different environments
(including water of varying solute concentrations).
Performance Indicator H.B.2C.3 Analyze and interpret data to explain the movement of
molecules (including water) across a membrane.
Unit 5 – Cell Transport Idea Wheel (below)
Key Concepts:
 Homeostasis:
o semipermeable membrane (selectively permeable)
 Passive transport:
o diffusion
o concentration gradient
o osmosis
o lyse
o facilitated transport (diffusion)
o transport proteins
o ion channels
Diffusion
 Active transport:
o cell membrane pumps
o endocytosis
o ectocytosis
Osmosis
Cell
Transport
Cell
Membrane
Pumps
Movement in
Vesicles
Unit 5 – Cell Transport
Study Guide – Honors
Mr. Lillibridge
Vocabulary Words
1. PASSIVE TRANSPORT
2. DIFFUSION
3. CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
4. EQUILIBRIUM
5. CONTRACTILE VACUOLE
6. OSMOSIS
7. HYPOTONIC
8. HYPERTONIC
9. ISOTONIC
10. TURGOR PRESSURE
11. PLASMOLYSISI
12. CYTOLYSIS
13. FACILITATED DIFFUSION
14. CARRIER PROTEIN
15. ION CHANNEL
16. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
17. SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
18. ENDOCYTOSIS
19. PINOCYTOSIS
20. PHAGOCYTE
21. EXOCYTOSIS
22. VESICLE
23. AQUEOUS SOLUTION
24. HOMEOSTASIS
Concept Map
I.
Passive Transport - 5.1 p. 97
Cell membranes help organisms maintain homeostasis by controlling what substances may
enter or leave cells. Some substances can cross the cell membrane without any input of energy
by the cell in a process known as passive transport.
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Unit 5 – Cell Transport
Study Guide – Honors
Mr. Lillibridge
Diffusion
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1. Toward what condition does diffusion eventually lead, in the absence of other influences?
2. Explain why diffusion eventually results in equilibrium.
3. Identify whether all molecules diffuse through all cell membranes. Explain your answer.
4. Determine how the phospholipid bilayer of a membrane forms a barrier to molecules.
b. Osmosis
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5. How is osmosis related to diffusion?
6. If the concentration of solute molecules outside a cell is lower than the concentration in the
cytosol, is the external solution hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic to the cytosol?
7. Explain the relationship between plasmolysis and turgor pressure in plant cells.
Unit 5 – Cell Transport
Study Guide – Honors
Mr. Lillibridge
8. Define the term contractile vacuole. What is a contractile vacuole’s function?
9. Determine how hypotonic, hypertonic and turgor pressure are interrelated.
c. Facilitated Diffusion
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10. What role do carrier proteins play in facilitated diffusion?
11. Explain how substances cross a cell membrane through facilitated diffusion.
12. Some cells have carrier proteins that transport sugar molecules and hydrogen ions into the
cytosol at the same time. These proteins move sugar up their gradient as hydrogen ions
move down their gradient.
Part A How would the transport of sugar into these cells affect the pH of the cells’ external
environment?
Part B What would happen to the transport of sugar if hydrogen ions were removed from the
external environment?
Unit 5 – Cell Transport
Study Guide – Honors
Mr. Lillibridge
d. Diffusion Through Ion-Channels
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13. How is facilitated diffusion similar to diffusion through ion channels?
14. Describe how ion channels assist in the diffusion of ions through a cell membrane.
CRITICAL THINKING
For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ.
a. diffusion and facilitated diffusion
b. hypotonic and hypertonic
c. plasmolysis and cytolysis
d. pinocytosis and phagocytosis
Sea water has a higher concentration of solutes than do human body cells. Why might drinking
large amounts of sea water be dangerous for humans?
What would happen to a grape placed in a bowl with highly concentrated sugar water?
Unit 5 – Cell Transport
Study Guide – Honors
Mr. Lillibridge
Using what you know about osmosis, explain what would happen to a jellyfish placed in a
freshwater lake.
II.
Active Transport – 5.2 p.103
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In many cases, cells must move materials from an area of lower concentration to an area of
higher concentration, or “up” their concentration gradient. Such movement of materials is known
as active transport. Unlike passive transport, active transport requires a cell to expend energy.
15. Explain the difference between passive transport and active transport.
16. What functions do carrier proteins perform in active transport?
a. Cell Membrane Pumps
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17. What provides the energy that drives the sodium-potassium pump?
Unit 5 – Cell Transport
Study Guide – Honors
Mr. Lillibridge
a. Movement in Vesicles
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18. Explain the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis.
19. Describe the steps involved in exocytosis.
20. How do endocytosis and exocytosis differ? How can that difference be seen?
21. When a cell takes in substances through endocytosis, the outside of the cell membrane
becomes the inside of the vesicle. What might this suggest about the structure of the cell
membrane?
CRITICAL THINKING
During intense exercise, potassium tends to accumulate in the fluid surrounding muscle cells.
What membrane protein helps muscle cells counteract this tendency? Explain your answer.
How does the sodium-potassium pump differ from facilitated diffusion?
The vesicles formed during pinocytosis are much smaller than those formed during
phagocytosis. Explain.