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FOREWORD
What is a
Conservation Area?
Conservation areas were introduced through
the Civic Amenities Act 1967, and there are
n o w m o r e t h a n 9 0 0 0 a c r o s s t h e c o u n t r y. T h e y
are ‘areas of special architectural or historic
interest, the character or appearance of which
it is desirable to preserve or enhance’ (Section
69(1)(a) of the Planning (Listed Buildings and
Conservation Areas) Act 1990).
T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e f a l l s w i t h i n t h e
Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area.
This was designated by the council in 1968
and was one of the first conservation areas in
t h e c o u n t r y. A l t h o u g h T h e B i s h o p s Av e n u e w a s
laid out prior to the Hampstead Garden
Suburb, apart from one or two early houses the
majority of the buildings are contemporaneous
with either the ‘old’ or ‘new’ Suburb. Of
c o u r s e T h e B i s h o p s Av e n u e h a s n o t t h e p l a n n e d
feel which characterises the Suburb nor Dame
Henrietta's social purpose but they are
inextricably linked. Although The Bishop's
Av e n u e s h a r e s m a n y o f t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f
the Suburb (and Numbers 1 and 3 and 2-16
a r e i n t h e Tr u s t a r e a ) i t h a s i t s o w n u n i q u e
qualities. This Character Appraisal Statement
seeks to identify these characteristics so that
they may be better preserved and enhanced in
the future.
What are the
I m p l i c a t i o n s ? Conservation Area status acknowledges the
importance of an area, highlighting its real
and potential attractiveness. It also means that
the council's efforts in the area are geared to
p r e s e r v i n g a n d e n h a n c i n g i t s s p e c i a l c h a r a c t e r.
One way of protecting conservation areas is
through the planning system, which is designed
t o p r o t e c t l o c a l a m e n i t y, w h a t e v e r t h e a r e a .
However in conservation areas planning
legislation requires local authorities to ensure
in particular that development proposals do
not detract from the character or appearance
of the area.
In conservation areas local authorities have
more say over some minor changes to
buildings, trees and gardens. This does not
mean owners can not change their properties
but the controls allow proposals to be checked
to make sure they are in keeping with the area.
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Grant funding from bodies such as English
Heritage and the National Lottery is sometimes
available for enhancement projects in
conservation areas. However the priorities for
such funding often change and not all work in
all conservation areas will be eligible for this
type of help.
What is a Character
Appraisal
Statement?
Conservation areas are designated by local
planning authorities after careful local
assessment. This assessment forms the basis
for a character appraisal statement. The
format and scope of such statements are
guided by English Heritage.
A character appraisal statement includes
information to explain and justify the
conservation area status. It therefore forms a
basis for planning decisions in the area and
provides the groundwork for any future
policies and projects to preserve or enhance
the area. The statement does not include
specific projects itself.
Other Controls
The council have identified on the Unitary
Development Plan Proposals Map The Bishop's
Av e n u e a s a n A r e a R e q u i r i n g C o o r d i n a t e d
Protection. It has adapted design and form
c r i t e r i a i n r e c o g n i t i o n o f T h e B i s h o p s Av e n u e ' s
intrinsic character and its relationship to areas
with similar protection in adjoining boroughs.
( C f U D P P o l i c i e s 3 . 4 . 5 T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e
N2 p. 25).
M a n y o f t h e b u i l d i n g s o n T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e
are listed on the Schedule of Buildings of
Local Architectural or Historic Interest. It is
the council's intention to preserve or enhance
these historic buildings. Conservation Area
Consent for the demolition of these buildings
will normally be refused.
(Cf UDP Policy T4.4 p.25 and 3.4.5 p.25)
In addition, Numbers 1-3 and 2-16 The
B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e a r e c o v e r e d b y t h e A r t i c l e 4
Direction for the Hampstead Garden Suburb
Conservation Area.
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CHARACTER APPRAISAL
1
Location and
Population
T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e r u n s n o r t h t o s o u t h f r o m
t h e G r e a t N o r t h R o a d , C h e r r y Tr e e H i l l a t E a s t
Finchley to Hampstead Lane and is crossed by
Ly t t l e t o n R o a d , t h e A 1 . I t i s p a r t o f
Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area
a n d f o r m s i t s e a s t e r n b o u n d a r y. T h e r e a r e
approximately 110 properties on The Bishops
Av e n u e a n d i t s c u l - d e - s a c s .
2
Origins, Development
and Social Mix
of the Area
2 . 1 H i s t o r y T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e w a s c o n s t r u c t e d i n c 1 8 8 7
on land which had at one time been part of the
Bishop of London's hunting park (The Bishop
of London was Lord of the Manor of Finchley
until the transfer of all episcopal land to the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners in 1868). In a
pleasingly meandering form it cut through the
B i s h o p s Wo o d t o t h e s o u t h a n d a c r o s s f a r m
land to the north.
2.2 Development From the beginning it was intended to be the
setting for expensive houses. The area around
East Finchley station had already been
urbanised with many new inhabitants coming
from inner London, but the open spaces of
land that is now the Hampstead Heath
extension, Hampstead Garden Suburb and the
Hampstead Golf Course helped to provide an
exceptionally rural setting which has continued
to make for high house prices. Plots were
originally let on 99 year and, more rarely 999
year leases and in 1894 building began.
2.2.1 First Phase Most leases were to single individuals. Rich
l e s s e e s i n c l u d e d G e o r g e S a i n s b u r y, t h e
provision merchant, in 1898 and Christian
Carl Lorensen, a chronometer manufacturer in
1 9 0 1 . Tw e l v e h o u s e s w i t h l a r g e g r o u n d s e x i s t e d
by 1906. The Ordnance Survey map of 1912
shows the group of Hampstead Garden Suburb
Tr u s t h o u s e s ( w h i c h h a d b o u g h t p l o t s t o t h e
north of Deansway), the convalescent home at
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E a s t F i n c h l e y, a s c a t t e r i n g o f u n n a m e d h o u s e s
to the west along the middle and, grouped
together at the southern (Hampstead) end by
f a r t h e l a r g e s t h o u s e s a n d p l o t s ; E a s t We a l d ,
Bishop's Mead, Baron's Court, Kenmore and
Dane Court.
2 . 2 . 2 S e c o n d P h a s e F o l l o w i n g t h e i n t e r r u p t i o n o f t h e F i r s t Wo r l d
Wa r, t h e n e x t o r d n a n c e s u r v e y w a s p u b l i s h e d
in 1935/6. This shows that on many of the
plots, houses and other features familiar today
had been built. Deansway was laid out in
1 9 2 8 , Ly t t e l t o n R o a d a n d Ay l m e r R o a d i n
1 9 3 1 - 2 , a n d B a n c r o f t Av e n u e i n 1 9 3 3 . To t h e
south of Bishop's Mead the area is identified as
a Sports Ground, while opposite, and
completing the southern end of The Bishop's
Av e n u e , t h e l a n d h a d b e e n d i v i d e d i n t o t h r e e
plots featuring Eaglecliff, Chelwood and Heath
Lodge. Along the centre most plots had been
b u i l t o n , n o t a b l e h o u s e s i n c l u d e d Wy l d e w o o d ,
Oak Lodge, Kenstead Hall, Gable Lodge,
S t r a t h e d e n , Tu r q u o i s e , W h i t e Wa l l s a n d t h e
o r i g i n a l Wa c o u s t a a n d t h e To w e r s . N o r t h o f
D e a n s w a y t h e H a m p s t e a d G a r d e n S u b u r b Tr u s t
had built a number of smaller houses in its
m o r e r e s t r a i n e d v e r n a c u l a r r e v i v a l s t y l e . Wi t h
the exception of one or two plots, The Bishop's
Av e n u e s t r e e t s c e n e w a s l a r g e l y c o m p l e t e .
Development had proceeded during these years
at a fairly leisurely pace yet despite becoming
known as Millionaires Row (largely because of
the mansions built for famous stars of the time
like Gracie Fields), the road remained untarmacked until 1935.
Although some of the houses built between the
wars are of high architectural quality (some by
H e p w o r t h , S m i t h a n d B r e w e r, S u t c l i f f e a n d
Soutar) and all carried forward vernacular
revival details and materials, a number fail to
exhibit the architectural skill to be found at
Hampstead Garden Suburb. Indeed some are a
l i t t l e a r c h i t e c t u r a l l y s h o w y, n o d o u b t
influenced by the styles of the homes of the
stars in Hollywood.
2.2.3 Third Phase Little appears to have changed thereafter until
the mid 60s when Canons Close and the houses
on it were built on the north and east grounds
o f E a s t We a l d . S i m i l a r c u l - d e - s a c d e v e l o p m e n t s
at White Lodge Close, Bishop's Grove, Byron
Close and Arden Court Gardens followed to
meet the high demand for an address on The
B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e w h o s e f a m e h a d n o w s p r e a d
abroad. These developments have considerably
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increased the density levels, somewhat eroding
the original character of large houses in large
g r o u n d s o f t h i s p a r t o f T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e .
The quality of architecture is often unscholarly
and dull or aggressively modern and
incongruous.
2.2.4 Fourth Phase Development pressure since the early 80s has
seen a number of the earlier houses along the
m i d d l e p a r t o f T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e d e m o l i s h e d
and replaced with often much larger
properties. Many of these have taken the desire
to impress to new heights and pay no regard to
the vernacular architecture which characterises
the area but rather reflect the vagaries of
international architectural fashion and the
individual whim of their owners.
2.3 Social Mix of
t h e A r e a T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e w a s f r o m t h e b e g i n n i n g
i n t e n d e d f o r, a n d c o n t i n u e s t o b e , t h e s e t t i n g
for homes for the rich and was already known
as ‘Millionaires Row’ by the 1930s. House
prices have always mitigated against
occupation by other less well off members of
s o c i e t y.
E a r l y r e s i d e n t s o f T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e w e r e
often successful businessmen and show
business stars and, from the beginning, public
attitudes were tinged with a certain snobbery
about new money and poorly educated taste.
For a while ‘East Finchley’ (that is The
B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e ) w a s t h e b u t t o f Va r i e t y s h o w
jokes.
T h e Av e n u e h a s l o n g h a d a n e x c l u s i v e
atmosphere which separates it, and its
residents, from many of the surrounding areas.
Such riches quickly became the target of
c r i m i n a l s a n d t h e Av e n u e w a s k n o w n f o r a
w h i l e a s ‘ B u r g l a r s ’ Av e n u e . E q u a l l y, s c a n d a l
and notoriety have long been associated with
T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e , i t s h i s t o r y b e i n g
embellished with many famous incidents and,
some infamous residents.
T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e e n j o y s a d e g r e e o f
international fame amongst the ‘jet set’ and
millionaire classes which, together with the
high property values and consequent profits to
be made here, has encouraged its reputation as
a safe haven for investment in the UK.
Instability abroad led to Greek and later
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Iranian millionaires acquiring property on The
Av e n u e , w h i l s t t h e r e h a s b e e n s i n c e t h e 6 0 s
rich Middle Eastern (and later Nigerian and
now Russian) buyers.
There is little, outward appearance of
c o m m u n i t y a l o n g T h e Av e n u e w i t h p r i v a c y,
exclusion and security dominating more recent
development.
3
Prevailing or former
uses within the area,
their historic
patronage and the
influence of these on
plan form and
building types
As the whole of this area was owned by the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners this allowed for a
cohesive approach to the layout of the road in
1887. A nicely judged use of the topography of
the land took the winding road through
B i s h o p ' s Wo o d t o t h e s o u t h a n d t h e f a r m l a n d
to the north. Prior to its creation no
development is known of except Bishop's Lodge
to the east. Buildings were mainly in various
aspects of the vernacular revival and Arts and
Crafts style, each being detached and distinct
individual designs (the only exceptions being
the pairs designed by Sutcliffe and Soutor for
t h e Tr u s t a t t h e n o r t h e n d a n d a m i r r o r i n g
building to Jersey House which was never
built). In the 1920s Hepworth introduced more
exotic elements but a certain uniformity of
domestic scale, massing and detailing prevailed
i n n e w d e v e l o p m e n t u n t i l r e c e n t l y. O f l a t e T h e
Av e n u e h a s b e c o m e t h e r e n e w e d b u t t o f p u b l i c
m o c k e r y, l a r g e l y d u e t o t h e e r e c t i o n o f a s m a l l
number of lavishly appointed yet
architecturally incongruous huge mansions in a
variety of styles.
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4
Archaeological
significance and
potential of the area
To d a t e n o s i g n i f i c a n t a r c h e o l o g i c a l f i n d s h a v e
c o m e t o l i g h t o n T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e .
Although it is possible that items may yet be
discovered relating to the previous land uses as
hunting woods, and farm land it is unlikely
that the area has great potential.
5
Architectural and
historic qualities
of buildings
A s n o t e d a b o v e T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e d e v e l o p e d
in four phases. It can be shown that these
phases are, to a reasonable degree visible in
the street scene as geographical zones. Of
course there are anomalies and exceptions (for
example Kendene and Canons Close) but
general characteristics are observable. It is
surprising to note, for example, how the
demolition and redevelopment which has
occurred recently to create the new ‘Super
houses’ is focussed on a relatively small area
i n t h e m i d d l e s e c t i o n o f T h e Av e n u e . T h e s e
zones are shown on Map 001.
5.1 Zone 1 This includes the level section of the road
r u n n i n g t o w a r d s a n d a c r o s s Ly t t l e t o n R o a d .
Houses tend to be more modest than those in
zones 2 and 4 and sit within smaller plots.
Buildings are relatively close to the road and
10 The Bishop’s Avenue, 1914-15, by G L Sutcliffe for the
Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust
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with only dwarf walls or hedges at the boundary
w i t h t h e f o o t w a y, t h e y a r e g e n e r a l l y v i s i b l e i n
t h e i r e n t i r e t y. T h e r e i s a s e n s e o f i n t e g r a t i o n
between plots, across the road and between
buildings and the road itself.
Many of the buildings follow vernacular styles,
using traditional materials and design features.
However the buildings do not tend to display the
same richness of detail and unusual, quality
features to be found in Zone 4.
5.2 Zone 2 Although relatively small, this zone is easily
identifiable, greatly influencing its public image.
This is the area of new 'Super houses'. The
designs and materials vary and tend to be highly
contemporary to the time they were built
(ranging from the 1980s to the present day). The
houses are designed and sited to be bold and
impressive. They seem to cry out for attention
and compete to catch the viewer's eye. The
buildings pay little regard to the vernacular
architecture which characterises the rest of The
B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e a n d s u r r o u n d i n g a r e a n o r d o
they use traditional materials. Design influences
vary from the Mediterranean villa to the classical
temple.
T h i s Z o n e i s a t y p i c a l w i t h i n t h e Av e n u e . T h e a r e a
is extremely dramatic, visible and ostentatious.
By its very nature and purpose it demands
attention and influences perceptions of the wider
area. The area is however relatively small and
should not be taken as the main character of the
Av e n u e a s a w h o l e , w h i c h i s m u c h m o r e d i s c r e t e
and restrained in its vernacular and architectural
expression.
5.3 Zone 3 This zone contains most of the cul-de-sacs which
h a v e b e e n c r e a t e d o f f t h e Av e n u e ( a l t h o u g h n o t
Canons Close, built on the grounds to the rear of
E a s t We a l d i n t h e 1 9 6 0 s , w h i c h s h a r e s m a n y o f
this zone's characteristics) interspersed with
l a r g e h o u s e s a l o n g t h e Av e n u e . B i s h o p s G r o v e w a s
probably the earliest cul-de-sac, the roadway
being visible on the 1935 Ordnance Survey map
(but no houses built at that time). Houses and
plots are of a generous size. Byron Drive and
White Lodge Close followed and, after Canons
Close, Arden Court Gardens. The houses in these
cul-de-sacs are smaller and sit within more
modest plots. In this zone much of the interest is
turned away from the main road. The cul-de-sacs
tend to have a secluded air with building sizes on
a smaller domestic scale resembling the adjacent
Hampstead Garden Suburb.
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5.4 Zone 4 Zone 4 includes all the locally listed properties
running from Hampstead Lane to Kenstead
Hall. The zone includes the straight, strong
e n t r a n c e t o T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e a n d r u n s
along the first bend. Many houses in this zone
are of a high quality in the vernacular style.
As a group they can be described as organic
and generally on a human scale. This is in part
due to the generally domestic scale of doors,
windows and other building components.
Bishop’s Mead (now Leo Baeck House), 1900 in
Neo-Jacobean style.
Many buildings are well screened and glimpsed
views help to break up building bulk. Such
glimpses also help to draw the eye to quality
features which help to express the importance
a n d i n d i v i d u a l i t y o f T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e . F o r
example brick chimneys, stone porches, the
ornamented arch at Dane Court and the arched
e n t r a n c e t o E a s t We a l d .
Houses in this zone tend to be set back from
the road. The land slopes gently away towards
the west making the houses on that side
particularly secluded. This is reinforced by a
strong tree screen on the west side of the road
from Dane Court to the northern end of the
zone.
I n s u m m a r y t h i s p a r t o f T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e i s
characterised by relatively secluded properties
which, although substantial, retain a domestic
and human scale through the scale and design
of their components and their relationship to
gardens and trees. The buildings are generally
of high quality with some unusual and
interesting details. The secluded nature of the
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properties combines with the strong and open
nature of public space to heighten the road's
character as a thoroughfare. The car traveller
sits within a grand and open public space
whilst the pedestrian has the opportunity to
value the secluded and in part secret quality of
private spaces and buildings.
5 . 5 S u m m a r y I t i s r e c o g n i s e d t h a t T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e i s
`Millionaires Row' and that this is part of its
s p e c i a l c h a r a c t e r. T h e n e w b u i l d i n g s r e f l e c t t h e
cultures and affluence of their various owners
but recent architectural expression is now
undermining the special character and historic
interest of the conservation area. The quality
vernacular architecture found most
predominantly in Zone 1 and Zone 4 is vitally
important and displays the tastes of a previous
generation of wealthy owners. Although this
character is more subdued and understated, it
is nevertheless key to the area's special
architectural and historic interest.
6
The contribution
made by key
buildings
The following buildings are considered to make
a positive contribution to the character and
appearance of this part of the conservation
area.
Z o n e 1 ( E a s t S i d e ) B i s h o p ' s C o u r t - 1 9 1 4 b y S o u t a r. L o c a l l y
l i s t e d . Tw o - s t o r e y N e o G e o r g i a n b l o c k o f f l a t s ,
w e l l c a n t e d a t t h e c o r n e r o f t h e Av e n u e w i t h
the Great North Road. The Hampstead Heath
E x t e n s i o n Te n a n t s L t d h a d t h e i r E s t a t e O f f i c e
here.
1 S t M a r g a r e t ' s ( l a t e r L i t t l e Wa l c o t t ) . 1 9 1 4 - 1 5
(architect unknown). Locally listed. Plain in
Garden City style after Lutyen's early halft i m b e r e d m a n n e r. C l i f f o r d B a x , a u t h o r, w a s t h e
first occupier of number 1 in 1915.
3 I n l e s b y. 1 9 1 5 - 1 5 . L o c a l l y l i s t e d . P a i r w i t h
number 1.
1 3 M o u n t Vi e w ( n o w M o r e t o n ) . 1 9 2 8 . N e o Georgian, possibly much remodelled.
15 Brookhouse. After 1935. Locally listed.
19 Bishopsbourne. 1929. Locally listed.
Symmetrical and ingenious.
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2 1 Av e n u e H o u s e . c 1 9 3 0 . S y m m e t r i c a l w i t h
central first floor brick balcony and two storey
bays each side.
Ay l m e r R o a d
4 A s y m m e t r i c a l b r i c k a n d t i l e v e r n a c u l a r.
Wa l b r o o k H o u s e . We l l p r o p o r t i o n e d . G o o d
balcony/porch with round bays to each side.
Notable gothic pattern leaded windows.
T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e
continued/...
27 Red Mays. 1927. Locally listed. Much altered
with new porch, tiles and windows.
2 9 Wo o d l a n d H o u s e . 1 9 2 7 . P l a i n v e r n a c u l a r. R e elevated with new brickwork and door case.
31 Oldways. 1926. Picturesque vernacular with a
w e a l t h o f d e t a i l . We l l p r e s e r v e d .
3 3 B i s h o p ' s C l o s e ( l a t e r R u b i s l a w, n o w B i s h o p ' s
Manor). 1927. Locally listed. Much altered.
3 5 B i s h o p s Wo o d . 1 9 2 7 . L o c a l l y l i s t e d .
Symmetrical Neo-Georgian, with post war
portico. Leaded windows.
39 Deans Cote (now The Fountains). 1926.
Locally listed. Grey brick with red dressings.
Ve r y d e e p b o x y e a v e s . To w n H a l l c l a s s i c a l s t y l e
centrepiece.
41 Eastwood. 1926. Locally listed. Centre gable
and brick patterning. Later porch.
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Z o n e 1 We s t S i d e
2-12 1914-1915 by G L Sutcliffe for the Hampstead
G a r d e n S u b u r b Tr u s t . B u i l t a s a s y m m e t r i c a l
group of six, set out as three linked pairs of
large houses in a restrained white-walled
Tu d o r, s o m e w i t h f i n e s t o n e d o o r w a y s . A l l s i x
h o u s e s a r e s e r v e d f r o m t h e r e a r, e n s u r i n g t h e
front gardens are laid to lawn and shrubs
without driveways and hard standings.
2 The Nest. Locally listed.
4 Higham. Locally listed.
6 The Birches. Locally listed.
8 T h e F i r s . ( L a t e r Wa y s i d e ) . L o c a l l y l i s t e d .
Forms a pair with Number 6.
1 0 Ya r d l e y H o u s e . L o c a l l y l i s t e d .
1 2 D a v a a r. L o c a l l y l i s t e d .
1 4 Tu d o r L o d g e . c 1 9 3 8 b y R . H . Wi l l i a m s o f 1 3
Vi l l a g e R o a d , F i n c h l e y, f o r I v a n M e e r i n g ,
t e x t i l e m a n u f a c t u r e r. E a r l i e r Wi l l i a m s a n d
Meering had built number 59 Deansway which
was much admired and they went on in 1936
t o b u i l d h o u s e s a l o n g Vi v i a n Wa y ( N u m b e r s 3 ,
11, 17, 19 and 12-24 (even) and Edmund's
Wa l k . Wi l l i a m s h a d a p p a r e n t l y f a i l e d h i s e x a m s
as an architect but had a good eye for a
picturesque frontage with brick nogging and
half-timbering. Number 14 was their largest
house.
16 Deansgarth. 1933. Locally listed. L-shaped
corner house with brick details in the 'New
Suburb' style. Neo-Georgian doorcase with
w r o u g h t i r o n b a l c o n y o v e r.
Numbers 18, 20,22 and 24. All to the same
Neo-Georgian pattern, rather old fashioned for
their date.
18 Invergordon (was Sherwood, now Patralonia).
1930. Locally listed. Large Neo-classical
porch.
20 Arlington. 1928. Locally listed.
22 Colwyn House. 1931. Locally listed. Dormers
and unusual timber screened entrance.
24 Overbrook. 1931. Locally listed. Ionic porch.
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THE BISHOP’S AVENUE
26 Crossways. 1936. Asymmetrical Neo-Georgian.
Stone arched porch.
2 8 B i s h o p s C o r n e r. 1 9 3 3 . Wi t h n e w C o r i n t h i a n
l o g g i a t o g r o u n d f l o o r.
30 Gable Lodge. 1928 by Philip Hepworth.
Locally listed. In Cape Dutch style with a big
curly gable, Lutyens inspired chimney
b a l a n c e d a s y m m e t r i c a l l y, w h i t e p a i n t e d b r i c k
walls and a roof in glazed pantiles mottled in
dark green and brown. The garage and gate
piers complete the design. Hepworth was a
leading 'exoticist' and Gable Lodge and his
o t h e r t w o h o u s e s o n T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e ( s e e
S t r a t h e d e n a n d W h i t e Wa l l s ) a r e r e g a r d e d a s
amongst his choicest work. A colour
perspective of Gable Lodge was reproduced in
Architectural Drawing in 1931.
32 Norgrove. 1928. Locally listed. Plain
vernacular style. Planning permission given for
new house in Sutcliffe inspired vernacular
revival style.
34 Arkeden (now Stratheden). c1925 by Philip
Hepworth. Locally listed. The best of his
'Pseudish' style with a crow-stepped gable,
bright green glazed pantiles over white-washed
brick walls, extra-ordinary windows with
squashed baluster mullions and (on the upper
floor) curved corners. Original details included
galleon weathervane and Chinese dragons on
the door case. Photographs were published in
A r c h i t e c t u r e I l l u s t r a t e d D e c e m b e r. 1 9 3 0 .
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THE BISHOP’S AVENUE
3 6 O a k Tr e e C o u r t ( n o w I n l a k s ) . 1 9 2 6 . L o c a l l y
listed. Symmetrical with three gables.
Va r i e g a t e d b r i c k w o r k w i t h t i l e c r e a s i n g a n d
diaper work.
4 0 W h i t e Wa l l s ( n o w E l i o t H o u s e ) . 1 9 2 6 b y P h i l i p
H e p w o r t h f o r C h a r l e s Ry a n . L o c a l l y l i s t e d . T h e
first of Hepworth's three 'Pseudish' style
h o u s e s i n T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e , t h e
composition is claimed to be based on Lutyen's
Middlefield (Shelford, Cambridge 1908) and
his Hill House (Herts, 1912) with a recessed
centre between symmetrical wings and a
central chimney stack dominating the
continuous hipped roof covered in glazed
pantiles in a mottled turquoise. White-washed
walls with shutters, originally painted
turquoise. A perspective of this house was
exhibited at the Royal Academy 1925 and
published in the Builder 13 May 1925.
4 2 C l i v e H o u s e ( l a t e r S h i r a h , n o w Tu r q u o i s e ) .
1 9 1 4 b y S m i t h a n d B r e w e r. L o c a l l y l i s t e d .
Smith and Brewer were the architects of Heal's
a n d t h e M a r y Wa r d S e t t l e m e n t . I t i s a
sophisticated interpretation of Georgian,
t y p i c a l o f C e c i l B r e w e r, w i t h a h i g h m a i n b l o c k
in brown brick dressed with red, crowned by a
h i p p e d r o o f w i t h a b i g Ve n e t i a n w i n d o w i n a
t i l e - h u n g d o r m e r. S i n g l e s t o r e y w i n g s e a c h s i d e
with mansard roofs at right angles to the
courtyard.
Zone 3 (East Side)
Bishop's Grove leads to further Neo-Georgian
houses:Te m p l a r s , N u s a n t a r a ( N o w E m b a s s y o f
Republic of Indonesia) and number 3 (the best
preserved).
H i g h Tr e e s . P o s t w a r. D i s c r e t e N e o - G e o r g i a n .
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THE BISHOP’S AVENUE
White Lodge. 1916. A large house well set
back originally occupying extensive grounds,
which have now been laid out as White Lodge
Close complete with relatively small plots and
houses.
T h e To w e r s . 1 9 9 2 . M a s s i v e c l a s s i c a l p i l e
d r a m a t i c a l l y s e t b a c k f r o m t h e Av e n u e ( w i t h ,
c o n s e q u e n t l y, n o g r o u n d s b e h i n d ) . Wi t h i t s
cocky angle to the street scene it's too
theatrical for some but, from a distance, is
well handled and a landmark.
Zone 3 (west side)
D r y a d e s . P o s t w a r. L o n g a s y m m e t r i c a l r e d
b r i c k N e o - G e o r g i a n w i t h s i m p l e s t o n e Tu s c a n
p o r c h . Tu r r e t a n d w e a t h e r v a n e t o t h e s o u t h
end.
We s t w o o d . 1 9 0 0 . F o r J o h n G r o v e J o h n s o n .
Upper storey half timbered over brick base
with deep arched brick entrance. Pargetted
gables. Interesting roof scape. Now divided to
form:Inglestone Manor (now Ha Kha Manor). Both
with interesting 'Renaissance' pargetting to the
gables to Byron Close.
B y r o n H o u s e . P o s t w a r. D i s c r e t e N e o - G e o r g i a n .
Zone 4 (east side)
Houses in this zone are important as they
positively established the character of The
B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e .
Wy l d e w o o d . 1 9 2 6 . L o c a l l y l i s t e d . I n f o r m a l
vernacular divided into two to form:Fernwood. Locally listed.
Knole Hurst to the north and Hornbeams to the
s o u t h a r e l a t e r.
5 9 E a s t We a l d ( k n o w n a s H e a t h H a l l a n d Ve r n o n
H a l l f o r a t i m e ) . 1 9 1 0 b y H . V. A s h l e y a n d F
Wi n t o n N e w m a n f o r Wi l l i a m P a r k Ly l e
( d e s c e n d a n t o f t h e Ly l e f a m i l y o f Ta t e a n d
Ly l e ) . L o c a l l y l i s t e d . T h e a r c h i t e c t s a r e b e s t
known for the Birmingham Council House
Extension (Grade II*) and the Masonic Peace
Memorial Hall, Covent Garden (Grade II). East
We a l d i s a r e m a r k a b l e m u s c u l a r i n t e r p r e t a t i o n
of the Arts and Crafts style with notable front
entrance and successful ornate brickwork,
leadwork and other detailing. An important
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THE BISHOP’S AVENUE
landmark building which together with the
o t h e r p r e - F i r s t Wo r l d Wa r b u i l d i n g s h a v e s e t
t h e t o n e a n d c h a r a c t e r o f t h e Av e n u e .
63 Bishop's Mead (now Leo Baeck House). 1900.
L o c a l l y l i s t e d . B u i l t f o r H e r b e r t N e i l d , M P, J P.
Big half timbered gables and Neo-Jacobean
stone porch with unusual stained glass
windows behind.
Zone 4 (west side)
52 Kenstead Hall. 1936. Locally listed. Hollywood
Tu d o r s t y l e . U p p e r s t o r e y h a l f - t i m b e r e d o v e r
brick base with elaborate two storey stone bay
w i n d o w. S t a b l e b l o c k w i t h c u p o l a . We l l
screened from road by high brick wall.
54 Oak Lodge. 1927. Locally listed. Restrained
b r i c k a n d t i l e v e r n a c u l a r.
56 Barons Court. 1900. Locally listed. Colonial
G e o r g i a n i n r e d b r i c k w i t h h u g e Tu s c a n
tetrastyle portico. Extended and altered over
the years.
58 Kenmore (now Murtaza). 1896. Locally listed.
Remodelled in 1905 in Old English ‘Domestic
S t y l e ’ a f t e r N o r m a n S h a w. Ti l e h u n g a n d h a l f
timbered gables as at Dane Court. Extended
and altered including vast unsympathetic porte
cochere.
60 Dane Court. 1900. Locally listed. NeoJacobean with turret and stone door case.
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THE BISHOP’S AVENUE
62 Eaglescliff (now Jersey House). 1929. Locally
listed. Looks earlier than its date with dumpycolumned porch.
64 Chelwood. - 1930. Locally listed. The original
proposal to build a mirroring house to
Eaglescliff was abandoned in favour of the
present design. Acute angled oriel over an
impressive later stone porch.
66 Heath Lodge. 1931. Locally listed. NeoGeorgian with fine stone semi-circular porch
and Corinthian columns facing Hampstead
Lane.
7
The character and
relationship of spaces
T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e i s a w i d e r o a d w h i c h
gently meanders along its length. The land
rises to the south and west. These
characteristics allow for an interesting
variation in views along its length with many
enticing deflected views and elevated positions.
The sweep up to Hampstead Lane is
particularly impressive which, when viewed
from the south, becomes a strong elegant
entrance. This is enhanced by the lines of trees
which form a link between the treed bank
within Kenwood and the Arcadian quality of
t h e Av e n u e i t s e l f . H a m p s t e a d L a n e f o r m s a
strong visual stop to enclose this end of the
Av e n u e . B r e a k s b e t w e e n t r e e s a l l o w f o r
glimpsed views of the buildings and grounds
with the horizon filled with roof scapes and
t r e e s b e h i n d , f u r t h e r e n c l o s i n g t h e Av e n u e .
Occasional views up cul-de-sacs and along
c r o s s i n g r o a d s r e l i e v e t h i s i n t r o s p e c t i o n . Wi t h
one or two modern exceptions there is a
discernable building line and moderate
building height.
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THE BISHOP’S AVENUE
T h e w i n d i n g n a t u r e o f t h e Av e n u e a d d s a
certain relaxed informality to the area which
the woodland and Arts and Crafts nature of
many original building reinforces to create a
‘natural’ vernacular air and much sought after
benign relationship between the built and
natural environment. (It is this context which
makes so many of the modern cod-classical
superhouses so jarring - they belong in the
more formal settings at the end of long
straight drives or within ‘Renaissance’ grid
patterned roads).
From the north the sweep of the road guides
t h e v i e w e r i n t o t h e Av e n u e b u t , u n l i k e
Hampstead Lane, the Great North Road is not
such an effective view stop. Here the houses
are closer to the road as in the rest of
Hampstead Garden Suburb, although this more
intimate relationship to the east is off-set by
the elevated position of the houses to the west.
It is of some importance to note that there are
n o p u b l i c o p e n s p a c e s a l o n g T h e Av e n u e a p a r t
from some grass verges at the major crossing
and the playing fields at the south end (which
are outside the Borough and therefore the
conservation area). The area is given over to
l a r g e p r i v a t e g r o u n d s . Wi t h n o w h e r e t o r e s t ,
the viewer can enjoy only a fleeting, transient
appreciation of the area as they pass through.
Recent developments to 'secure' premises by
the erection of high walls and the sheeting
over of gate railings are highly detrimental to
this relationship and the character of the area.
S i m i l a r l y, s i d e e x t e n s i o n s a n d t h e b u i l d i n g o f
ever larger houses are reducing the spaces
between properties. The attendant loss of trees
and greenery and denser levels of building are
eroding the special semi-rural character of this
part of the conservation area and replacing it
with a more urban feel.
8
Prevalent and
traditional
materials
The materials used on the earlier and original
buildings are in the vernacular and Arts and
Crafts traditions. Red brick and tile enlivened
with stone Neo-classical embellishments or
Neo-Jacobean half- timbered upper floors are
enriched with often substantial oak doors and
white painted timber windows with NeoGeorgian or simple glazing patterns or steel
frames and lead cames as appropriate. The
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THE BISHOP’S AVENUE
Tr u s t b u i l d i n g s a r e r e n d e r e d a n d n o w p a i n t e d
white. The Hepworth buildings are in exotic
variants on traditional materials (for example.
glazed pantiles). This use of vernacular and
traditional materials is a unifying factor
drawing together the individually designed
houses into a cohesive street scene. The recent
i n t r o d u c t i o n o f n e w, o f t e n a l i e n m a t e r i a l s , ( f o r
example. concrete and stone walling, copper
sheet roofing, plain metal picture windows) has
disrupted this relationship between buildings,
further eroding the special character of this
part of the conservation area.
9
Local details
Although clearly rooted in the vernacular and
Arts and Crafts traditions it should be
remembered that these houses were often built
for the nouveau riche who wished to display
their wealth. A little applied grandeur was not
therefore amiss and many of the earlier
buildings, especially to the south, had some
applied 'classical' details - for example. a
b o t t l e b a l u s t r a d e d b a l c o n y, s t o n e m u l l i o n e d
b a y, o r c o l u m n e d e n t r a n c e . I n d e e d i t b e c a m e
fashionable to erect a stone porch (often Neoclassical) onto the original Arts and Crafts
vernacular frontage. The more modest of these,
o f t e n Tu s c a n , a r e h i g h l y s u c c e s s f u l a n d a r e a n
important part of the character of the area. By
and large these embellishments were rarely
overstated and served to spice the elevation
and, via the implied historical reference,
e l e v a t e t h e o w n e r. A s p r e v i o u s l y s t a t e d , h o u s e s
t o t h e n o r t h a r e i n t h e m o r e r e s t r a i n e d Tr u s t
style.
B o u n d a r i e s o n t o t h e Av e n u e a r e f o r m e d e i t h e r
in brick walls and railings, or towards the
north, hedges.
T h e Av e n u e i t s e l f w a s u n m a d e u n t i l 1 9 3 5 a n d
remains today a relatively uncluttered street
scene. Grass verges with trees predominate
a n d , u n u s u a l l y, t h e p a v i n g i s i n p i n k s l a b s .
10
The contribution
made by green
spaces and trees
Wi t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f w i d e r g r a s s v e r g e s a t t h e
major road crossing and the playing fields at
the south end, there are no public green
LONDON BOROUGH OF BARNET
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THE BISHOP’S AVENUE
s p a c e s . G r e e n s p a c e s i n T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e
take the form of large private gardens which
can be glimpsed between trees, bushes and
r a i l i n g s a l o n g t h e f o o t w a y. T h e l a r g e s i z e a n d
scale of planting of these gardens form an
important part of the semi-rural character of
t h e Av e n u e w h i c h r e c e n t i n f i l l a n d e n l a r g e d
development has in part diminished. The lines
of trees in verges and along front boundaries
a d d g r a n d e u r t o t h e Av e n u e , g u i d e t h e e y e
along, and clearly define spaces. This
boundary between public and private further
underlines the exclusivity of properties and the
a r e a p r o v i d i n g s o f t s c r e e n i n g a n d p r i v a c y. A s
such they are a vital part of its special
c h a r a c t e r.
11
Setting of The
B i s h o p ’s Av e n u e its relationship
with surrounding
areas
T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e s i t s b e t w e e n H i g h g a t e t o
the east, Hampstead and Hampstead
Heath/Kenwood to the south and Hampstead
Garden Suburb to the west. These surrounding
areas are of architectural, historic and social
importance and all are protected whether as
conservation areas, Metropolitan Open Land or
as areas of Special Scientific Interest. The
B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e a l s o f a l l s w i t h i n t h e ' A r e a o f
Special Character' identified on the Greater
London Development Plan. It can be
a p p r e c i a t e d t h e r e f o r e t h a t T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e
is in the middle of a large area of north
London of considerable historic importance.
T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e i s a n i m p o r t a n t l i n k
between central and north London. Due to
Hampstead Heath and Parliament Hill Fields,
roads running to the south are limited. The
main routes into and out of central London run
through the historic centres of Highgate and
Hampstead, then on through North Hill
towards East Finchley or through Golders
Green further to the west. These two major
north-south routes are linked by Hampstead
Lane/Spaniards Road to the south and the
N o r t h C i r c u l a r a n d F a l l o d e n Wa y t o t h e n o r t h .
T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e a c t s a s a n i m p o r t a n t l i n k
between these two major north south routes
and plays a vital role within the wider road
network.
LONDON BOROUGH OF BARNET
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THE BISHOP’S AVENUE
There are no side turnings off the road except
s h o r t c u l - d e - s a c s . C o n s e q u e n t l y, t r a f f i c i s
either heading for properties within the road
itself, or is heading out of the area. This adds
to the feeling of transition and movement
along the road.
T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e a c t s a s a w e l l - d e f i n e d
boundary between the surrounding
neighbourhoods whilst at the same time the
road acts as a link, in terms of both access and
b u i l t f o r m a n d c h a r a c t e r. T h i s u n i q u e p o s i t i o n
is illustrated by the surrounding borough
boundaries. Three boroughs meet at the
s o u t h e r n e n d o f T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e : t h e
London Boroughs of Barnet, Camden and
H a r i n g e y. T h e b o u n d a r y b e t w e e n H a r i n g e y a n d
Barnet runs northward along the eastern side
o f T h e Av e n u e a t t h e r e a r b o u n d a r i e s o f t h e
properties, whilst the boundary with Camden is
at Hampstead Lane.
This central position, along with the historic
development of the road has helped to mould
the overall character of the area. It displays
examples of the vernacular architecture
characteristic of Hampstead Garden Suburb,
forms a green corridor leading away from the
woods at its boundary with Kenwood and
includes imposing residences synonymous with
this prosperous and exclusive part of north
L o n d o n . T h e B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e i s a l o c a l l a n d
mark and focus, drawing together the
surrounding areas while retaining its own
s p e c i a l i d e n t i t y.
12
Extent of loss,
intrusion or
damage
A number of the cul-de-sac developments to be
found particularly in Zone 3 of Map 001 and
the attendant loss of open gardens have a
negative impact on the semi-rural character of
the area.
Large institutional-looking buildings, for
example Heinrich Stahl House, Osmond House,
Balant House and Hammerson House are not in
keeping with the domestic dwelling character
of the area.
Bahar House and a number of the new 'Super
houses' to be seen in Zone 2 of Map 001 are at
odds with the vernacular traditions of
architecture and materials of The Bishop's
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THE BISHOP’S AVENUE
Av e n u e a n d i m p a c t d e t r i m e n t a l l y o n t h e
character of the original houses and the special
interest of the area by the introduction of
i n a p p r o p r i a t e s t y l e s a n d m a t e r i a l s . T h e e v e rincreasing size, scale and massing of many of
these properties (even when dressed in NeoGeorgian as at Fairhill) is also considered to
be out of scale with the character of the area.
Fortunately this recent spate of demolish and
redevelop is focussed on a small part of The
B i s h o p ' s Av e n u e . H o w e v e r, b e c a u s e o f t h e i r
ostentation and excess these properties have a
disproportionate influence on public perception
of the area.
High levels of security have also had a
damaging effect on the character of the area.
Recent high walls and the application of steel
sheeting to gate railings screen off important
views to the buildings and grounds behind.
These are of questionable value as security
measures, have an intimidating feel and reduce
T h e Av e n u e t o a c o r r i d o r f o r c a r s . S i m i l a r l y, a
number of buildings have had internal security
grilles fitted to windows. These have the effect
of interfering with the reading of the windows
which substantially erodes the onlooker's
enjoyment of the building.
13
Neutral areas
C e r t a i n b u i l d i n g s w i t h i n t h e Av e n u e d o n o t i n
themselves make a positive contribution nor do
they form part of a range of buildings of group
value. They are listed below by Zone.
Zone 1 (East side)
5, 7, 9, 11 (c1901). Appear to be by the same
b u i l d e r, a l t h o u g h n u m b e r 9 h a s a p o s t w a r
Neo-Georgian refronting. These may be on the
l a n d ( 5 a c r e s ) t a k e n i n 1 8 9 8 b y Wi l l i a m
M a t t o c k s D a b b s , b u i l d e r, o f S t a m f o r d H i l l ,
m e n t i o n e d i n t h e Vi c t o r i a C o u n t y H i s t o r y.
5.
7.
9.
11.
15a
17.
23.
Denehurst
Oakdene (later Le Paradou)
Dalkeith
Kenlade (possibly formerly The Homestead)
Checkmate
D i t c h o v e r. 1 9 2 8 . A l t e r e d
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THE BISHOP’S AVENUE
2.
3.
1.
25.
Ay l m e r R o a d
Ay l m e r R o a d
Ay l m e r R o a d
( C o r n e r H o u s e ) P o s t w a r.
Zone 1 (west side)
16a.
4 8 . Ly t t e l t o n R o a d
3 8 . R e g d e n ( l a t e r S u n n i n g d a l e ) 1 9 2 8 . Ti l e h u n g .
Zone 3 (East side)
The Georgians
Redcroft
Ikley House
Arden Court Numbers 1-5 1983 by de Brant
J o y c e a n d Partners. Built on the site of Isenhurst.
Zone 3 (West side)
West Wood Cottage
Byron Close. Built on the site of Glenthorne which was
built in 1898 for George Sainsbury, provision merchant.
Byron House, No.50 and Hammerson House built on its
grounds after the war.
Zone 4 (East side)
Canons Close. Perhaps belongs in Zone 3. Small houses on
small plots. A mix of 'Tudor' brick Neo-Georgian and
1970s contemporary vernacular. No.5 aptly named.
Bibliography
Hampstead Garden Suburb by Mervyn Miller and A Stuart
Gray (Phillimore 1992)
Shankland Cox report ‘Hampstead Garden Suburb - Plan
for Conservation’ (1971)
Edwardian Architecture by A Stuart Gray (Duckworth
1985)
The Bishop's Avenue and Other Desirable Residences by
Alan Powers. Pamphlet (The Thirties Society 1985)
Various documents and photographs at:London Borough of Barnet
Local Studies and Archives
Egerton Gardens, NW4
London Borough of Barnet
Building Control Records
1255 High Road
Whetstone N20
LONDON BOROUGH OF BARNET
HAMPSTEAD GARDEN SUBURB CONSERVATION AREA
PAGE 24
THE BISHOP’S AVENUE
For further information on the contents of this document,
contact the Conservation and Design Team at
Barnet House
1255 High Road
Whetstone
London
N20 0EJ
Telephone 0181 359 4598/4661
Larger scale conservation area maps can be purchased at
Barnet House, Planning Reception
For general planning enquiries contact
Planning Reception
Telephone 0181 359 4627
Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area was
designated in December 1968
This document was approved by the Environment Policy
Development Committee: 1 February 1999