OA-ICC Training Course on Ocean Acidification (K4-TM-50060)
2-6 November 2015
SA Agulhas II
Cape Town, South Africa
1
Summary
The IAEA Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC) held a training course on
ocean acidification on 2-6 November 2015 aboard the SA Agulhas II (harbored in the port), in Cape
Town, South Africa. Funding and logistical infrastructure for this course came from the International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), with support from the University of Cape Town (UCT) and the South
African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). Course content and agenda were
organized by Drs. Lisa Robbins (US Geological Survey, USA - lead of OA-ICC Capacity Building
activity), Patrizia Ziveri (University of Barcelona, Spain), Lina Hansson (IAEA, Monaco), Marcello Vichi
(UCT, South Africa), Pedro Monteiro (CSIR, South Africa), and Mike Lucas (UCT, South Africa).
The international team of lecturers included Drs. Andrew Dickson (University of Southern California,
USA), Lisa Robbins, Lina Hansson, Sam Dupont (University of Gothenburg, Sweden), Patrizia Ziveri,
Pedro Monteiro, Warren Joubert (CSIR), Nina Lester (UCT), and Mike Lucas. Three of the lecturers
have participated in at least two prior ocean acidification courses, the most recent one in Xiamen,
19-23 October 2015 (K4-TM-50062). Twenty six students participated, with a breakdown of 14 male
to 12 female, from 17 countries (Algeria, Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ghana,
Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Republic of Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, Republic
of Seychelles, South Africa, United Republic of Tanzania, Tunisia). The participants included a variety
of backgrounds in science including early-career scientists, graduate students, technicians, managers
and teachers, most of which were just beginning to work in the ocean acidification area.
The overall goal was to enhance participants’ expertise in conducting ocean acidification research
and avoid typical pitfalls. It also aimed to encourage networking and collaboration among scientists
working on ocean acidification in Africa and present existing international collaboration platforms.
Participants had the opportunity to see practical demonstrations of instrumentation for ocean
acidification monitoring and experiments. Lectures included information on the basics of the
carbonate chemistry system, and hands-on exercises with software to calculate the carbonate
system parameters. Several lectures were dedicated to the biological response of marine organisms
to ocean acidification, with an emphasis on laboratory and field experimental methodology.
Participants also had the opportunity go on a field trip to a nearby coastal town to visit an abalone
aquaculture farm and see an experimental setup of an ocean acidification study carried out at the
farm. According to the feedback of some of the participants, the training course was “helpful,
informative and well-prepared”, and provided enriching interaction with “highly engaged lecturers”.
For one of the participants, it was “just a beginning of a new career in OA.”
2
Course report
Venue
The venue for the workshop was a 134 m ship; the SA Agulhas II docked in Cape Town harbour. The
ship had an auditorium/conference room, with two screen projectors, internet, area for coffee
breaks, a dining room for lunches, and laboratories. The laboratory spaces were used to
demonstrate on-board equipment and equipment that would be used on an upcoming cruise. This
unusual venue was chosen because of the central location (downtown Cape Town), proximity to
restaurants and the City Lodge Hotel (participants’ hotel), and the available lecture/lab facilities.
Heightened security for the ship would not permit free access aboard at any hours other than
prescribed times and with participants sign in.
Lectures
The structure of the course was based on modification of previous courses on ocean acidification
(Woods Hole 2009, Brazil 2012, Chile 2014, and Xiamen 2015). The first two days of the course
focused on the basics of the CO2 system and its measurement, instrumentation available for
measuring seawater chemistry parameters, and examples of how to use software packages used to
calculate CO2 system parameters. It also included presentations describing the local environmental
conditions that related to ocean acidification, and a presentation on international coordination and
resources available to the community, including OA-ICC, GOA-ON (Global Ocean Acidification
Observing Network) and data management efforts. The third day was dedicated to a field trip to a
nearby town, Hermanus, where participants saw a working abalone farm. Participants not only had
the opportunity to see the operations, but interacted with PhD student Nina Lester, who is running
ocean acidification experiments on abalone at the farm as part of her dissertation.
The last two days focused on key aspects of ocean acidification experimental design, such as
manipulation of seawater chemistry, biological perturbation approaches, paleoenvironmental
overview of OA, and lab- and field-based methods for measuring organism calcification and other
physiological responses to seawater chemistry changes, including isotopic techniques. Biological
experimental design was also described and discussed with an evaluation prior to and at the end of
the course to gauge how much the students assimilated during the two days. The evaluations will be
processed at the University of Gothenburg (lead: S. Dupont).
Based on the successful experience from a similar training course in Xiamen, China, two weeks
earlier, it was decided to have participants work on research proposals instead of the initially
planned “virtual laboratory”1 exercise. Participants were divided into groups and worked on
producing research proposals for ocean acidification experiments (see Group assignments below).
Demonstrations of instrumentation
Monday afternoon was dedicated to demonstration of the VindTA for total alkalinity and DIC,
General Oceanics pCO2 flow through on ship, and Ocean Optics pH spectrophotometers which were
set up in the ship’s laboratory. Because of time constraints and the equipment just being set up on
the ship, participants had the opportunity to see the equipment to measure dissolved inorganic
1
The virtual laboratory is available online (http://www.virtualmarinescientist.com/) and participants were
given the link and encouraged to do the exercises after the course.
3
carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), pCO2, and spectrophotometric pH. The demonstrations were led
by Warren Joubert (TA, DIC and pCO2) and Lisa Robbins (pH spec).
Group assignments (proposal writing)
During the last two days, a group proposal writing exercise was implemented in lieu of a virtual lab
experiment based on the success of the Xiamen workshop two weeks earlier, and because of the
instability of the internet in the conference room. Participants were divided into six groups and
worked on a research project using all the information they had learned about experimental design
and carbonate chemistry during the previous days. The groups presented their proposals on the last
day and each proposal was discussed and received feedback from the lecturers and the course
participants. This group-based exercise will likely provide the foundation of proposals that the
participants can use in their country and for collaborative purposes between countries. This activity
was also designed to facilitate networking within the group.
Networking discussion
On the Friday afternoon, a one-hour session facilitated by Marcello Vichi was devoted to networking
and possibility for creation of an African ocean acidification network. Participants and invited
stakeholders attended (Andrea Cameron, Economic Officer, US Consulate, Cape Town; Lara Atkinson
and Sarah Fawcett, UCT). Participants discussed the necessity of obtaining information regarding
capacities (expertise, facilities, human resources) in various countries. Further, a list of opportunities
for collaborations was discussed and will likely be created by some of the participant “leaders”. One
of the participants, Julius Agboola (University of Lagos, Nigeria), gave a short presentation about the
Future Earth Coasts current Initiatives in Africa and discussed how an ocean acidification initiative in
Africa could link up with this opportunity. The discussion was fruitful and provided a basis for future
direction, but unfortunately the time allocated was not sufficient after the participants introduced
themselves to the invited stakeholders. Participants agreed that there was a need for an African
network and the name “OA-AFRICA” was proposed. A Facebook group was created to allow for
participants to keep in touch, update each other on their progress, and encourage future
collaboration and moving forward towards the creation of “OA-AFRICA”. The OA-ICC has also put
together a data base/email list of participants who applied or showed an interest in attending the
course but were not selected to participate due to the limited places available. These contacts will
be useful in the future for communication and networking purposes.
Course material
Course materials included OA-ICC folders with brochures on ocean acidification and information
about the OA-ICC, as well as hard copies of the “Guide to best practices for ocean acidification
research and data reporting” and the Addendum to the guide. Participants also received a thumb
drive with key documents on ocean acidification in relevant languages (English, French, Arabic). All
course materials, including presentations, references, brochures, etc. are available for download on
the OA-ICC web site. After the workshop a short summary on the OA-ICC news stream was posted
(http://news-oceanacidification-icc.org/2015/11/16/iaea-oa-icc-training-course-on-oceanacidification-2-6-november-2015-cape-town-south-africa-2/). The OA-ICC also produced a short film
on the workshop, also available on the web site).
Logistics and budget information
4
Funding was provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) through the Ocean
Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC). Total costs including grants to participants,
hospitality, lecturers travel and subsistence and shipping of material amounted to 60,000 EUR. IAEA
staff working on the course included Lina Hansson (Project Officer OA-ICC and Scientific Secretary of
the course), Hasti Dessa and Christelle Godes (Administrative Secretaries). The University of Cape
Town and CSIR kindly provided access to facilities and staff as well as 1350 EUR to cover materials,
transport to and from the field trip and a welcome cocktail at the Two Oceans Aquarium. The
organizing committee was composed of Lisa Robbins (OA-ICC Focal Point for Capacity Building),
Patrizia Ziveri, Lina Hansson, Marcello Vichi, Pedro Monteiro and Warren Joubert. Cashifa Karriem
(University of Cape Town) acted as the organizer for the local logistics.
Course evaluations
On the last day, participants filled in a course evaluation (duration: 15 min). There was a clear
consensus among the students that the course lived up to expectations, but as observed in the
Xiamen workshop only two weeks earlier, it was a lot of material for the participants to assimilate
during a short period of time, in particular given the range of backgrounds and levels of English.
Overall the comments were very positive. Participants thought that the course was informative and
well-organized, and that there was a good atmosphere and interaction with engaged lecturers. As
for the Xiamen course the main suggestions for improvement concerned the schedule and that more
hands on experiments were expected and needed. The main comments are summarized below (see
Annex V for details).
Course material:
For future courses, participants suggested that reading materials and background information be
provided prior to the workshop. This will be done as much as possible. In addition, a draft agenda
will be advertised at the time of the announcement so that potential participants have more
detailed information about the curriculum and course expectations.
Course format and content:
As for the Xiamen course more hands-on experiments were called for by a number of participants;
however, experiments and laboratory hands-on experiments are dependent on the availability of
equipment and people to run them at the facilities and could be too time-consuming or logistically
demining for host facilities to accommodate. One possibility is to have a dedicated “lab” facilitator
for these workshops. Some participants thought that the days were too long and intense, which was
also mentioned by many participants in Xiamen. As discussed in the report for the Xiamen course,
alternative formats and their feasibility (e.g. extending the course by one day, extending to 2-week
course, separating chemistry and biology parts, or splitting content into basic and advanced courses)
will be assessed. At least one extra day would be very helpful to accommodate more discussion
time, and the use of e-learning modules (currently in preparation) to prepare participants for the
course would allow lectures to focus on more detailed examples. See also discussion in report from
Xiamen.
5
One of the participants suggested taking a more multi-stressor approach. Although interesting and
timely, this is challenging since the general feeling was that there is already too much information
during this 5-day course, but could be envisaged if the course is extended. It would be good to
discuss ocean acidification in a multi-stressor context in the introductory talk though. Other
participants suggested adding specific topics, e.g. a lecture on modelling ocean acidification. Again,
this could be envisaged if the training is extended or the format changed.
Logistics:
Although the accommodation and food will depend on what is available and practical at each course
venue, it is nevertheless useful to assess the participants’ thoughts and impressions and see whether
there is room for improvement. The hotel costs represented a large part of the grant and some of
the participants would have preferred having the choice of staying elsewhere. The hotel was chosen
to encourage networking and good atmosphere within the group, but the comments are
understandable and for future courses it is suggested to give multiple options if accommodation is
expensive, even though efforts should be made to have participants at the same hotel as much as
possible. The buffet-style catered lunches did not offer enough choice and/or quantity for some of
the participants and did not fully take into account all the dietary requirements. This will be looked
into for future courses and avoided whenever possible.
Long travel arrangements were a problem for some of the participants. The IAEA provides
participants with an airline ticket arranged by its Travel Management Company from the
participant’s point of origin to the duty destination and return in economy class, and at the lowest
available fare. Direct flight options are used whenever possible but unfortunately these may not
always be available to the IAEA.
Atmosphere:
There was general agreement that the course had a very good atmosphere with approachable
lecturers and good interaction among participants and between participants and lecturers. Stress
levels varied and were probably related to the intense schedule. This could be addressed by
modifying the course format, for example by adding an extra day. One participant highlighted the
importance of providing a platform for interaction amongst the participants. A Facebook group
(“OA-AFRICA”) was created to this end.
Feedback from the lecture team
The training course gave an introduction to ocean acidification to the participants and provided the
opportunity to begin establishing networks and resources for the African ocean acidification
research community. While participants had different levels of background information and different
levels of English, overall the programme worked well, but the course was intense, with a lot of
material to assimilate over a short period of time. The students appreciated the demonstrations of
instrumentation but would have liked to have more hands-on experiments. The “avoiding pitfalls”
tone of the course was very timely, as many of the participants had not yet invested in
instrumentation, and had not yet begun experimental manipulations. A particular challenge for
Africa was the lack of available infrastructure and the high costs of importing instrumentation. A
6
similar training course organized by the University of Gothenburg and GOA-ON (lead: Sam Dupont) is
planned for March 2016 and will be more practical in scope, and focus on some of the challenges
faced by African scientists, such as the setup of laboratories for experiments with limited funds.
There were about the same number of participants than in Xiamen (26 vs. 28), and 25-30 is probably
the upper limit to ensure good interaction between participants and manageable group exercises.
The course content worked well, especially after modifying/optimizing certain aspects based on the
experience from Xiamen, e.g. an introductory talk on ocean acidification was included in the very
beginning to set the scene before going into the detailed chemistry lectures. As for the Xiamen
course, the research proposals worked well to replace the virtual laboratory exercise. The field trip
took quite some time from the agenda but was a nice break from the lectures appreciated by the
participants, enhanced the course atmosphere and helped the networking aspects of the course.
The venue was ideal for a first course in Africa. There is a large community starting to work on ocean
acidification in South Africa and this course benefitted many of them (8 participants). As in Xiamen,
the facilities and knowledgeable staff of the hosts were key in making this course successful, and
again confirm the crucial role of the host institute in the effective organization of these courses.
Morocco (contact: K. Hilmi; Institut National de Recherche Halieutique) has shown interest in hosting
a similar course if there is a decision/need to organize another course for the African ocean
acidification community.
The production of e-learning modules, based in part on the lectures used during these workshops,
will make the basic information available to a wider audience. The lecture team will assess whether
it would be useful to switch in part to other formats of capacity building, e.g. towards the support of
regional coordination meetings of emerging networks (OA-AFRICA). Another possibility is to send
experts to specific countries to assist in setting up experiments in their laboratories. This might be
possible through coordination with an inter-regional project on ocean acidification submitted for
funding through the IAEA Technical Cooperation programme.
Finally, the IAEA administrative steps to organize a training course outside IAEA headquarters are
time-consuming and it is important to allow enough lead time (minimum 7 months), to organize
these training courses. There was more time for IAEA Member States to nominate participants for
this course than for Xiamen (well beyond 3 weeks since applications were accepted after the
nomination deadline), and there was also more time to handle the grants and the air tickets.
L. Robbins and L. Hansson will discuss with lecturers how additional hands-on demonstrations might
be implemented, specifically in locations where the availability of equipment is limited or nonexistent. Efforts will be made to provide course materials ahead of time as much as possible, and
participants will be asked to complete the e-learning modules, currently in preparation, before
attending the course. The knowledge of the participants will be evaluated ahead of time to give the
lecturers a more thorough understanding of the students’ capabilities and facilitate the
development of the discussion sessions. Pros and cons of different formats of the course will be
assessed.
7
Recommendations for the future
In summary, for future courses it is recommended to:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Provide reading materials ahead of the workshop
Provide the agenda at the time of the announcement
Assess the background knowledge/level of the participants and adapt the content
accordingly, when possible
Evaluate possibilities of including more hands-on exercises (there might be a need to involve
a dedicated person responsible for planning and leading these)
Integrate the e-learning modules, currently in development, within the training. Participants
would be expected to have gone through the material prior to the course, so that they have
basic knowledge when the course starts. This would free up time to include more discussion
around specific examples and case-studies during the course.
Consider using more examples/case-studies/demos instead of traditional slides, and using
local data as much as possible.
Extend the course by one day (i.e. 6-day course) to fit all the material, allow more time for
discussion, and reduce stress levels.
Explore/discuss alternative course formats, suitable for participants with different
backgrounds (e.g. basic and advanced modules, separate the chemistry/monitoring and
biology/experimental parts, extend to two weeks, include multiple stressors etc.)
Explore opportunities for funding to develop the OA international networks (Africa, Asia,
etc.) and to launch new research projects (monitoring, experiments, etc.) and facilitate
international collaboration.
Add a multi-stressor context/discussion to the introductory talk to set the scene.
Keep the field trip since it is a good opportunity for networking and social interaction, a nice
mid-week break from classroom lectures and visit of the region/town, and a good way to put
the lectures in context and show some real-life applications and relevance for society.
Evaluate the revised model proposed for an upcoming course in Mozambique (March 2016;
supported by the OA-ICC), with simplified protocols for “good enough” measurements and
cheap toolkits to start ocean acidification studies.
Make sure to allow at least 4 weeks for countries to nominate participants. The venue and
dates must be known at least 7 months before the course in order to allow sufficient time
for IAEA administrative procedures (Host Government Agreement, Note Verbal, organization
of travels and grants etc.).
Provide the option for participants to choose their own accommodation (but trying to keep
them at the same hotel as much as possible to encourage networking and a good course
atmosphere).
Based on courses in South Africa and Mozambique, evaluate the need for another course in
Africa, and the potential venue/timing (offer to host from INRH, Morocco).
Explore how to link with IAEA TC projects and INT7019 in the best way.
8
Annexes
Annex I: List of participants
Annex II: List of lecturers
Annex III: Agenda
Annex IV: Results from course evaluations
9
IAEA Training Course on Ocean Acidification
2 - 6 November 2015
Cape Town, South Africa
Venue: SA Agulhas II (harboured in the port)
ANNEX I: PARTICIPANTS LIST
1
ALGERIA
Ms Nadhera Babali
Centre National de Recherche et de
Développement de la Peche et de
L'Aquaculture
3, Chemin du grand puits
Val Fleuri
EL ARYAN
ALGERIA
Email: [email protected]
2
ANGOLA
Ms Marisa Francisca de Novato Macuéria
National Fisheries Research Institute
P.O. Box 2601
Murtala Mohamed
LUANDA
ANGOLA
Email: [email protected]
3
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC OF THE
CONGO
Ms Nana Manzonzo Nsai
Ministry of Environment and Sustainable
Development
28, kongolo street, BARUMBU township
KINSHASA
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
Email: [email protected]
4
EGYPT
Ms Amany Ismail
Oceanography Department Faculty of Science
Alexandria University
ALEXANDRIA, 21511
EGYPT
Email: [email protected]
5
EGYPT
Ms Nayrah Abd Elanbi Ali Shaltout
National Institute of Oceanogrphy & Fisheries
101 Kasr Al-Ainy St
CAIRO 11516
EGYPT
Email: [email protected]
10
IAEA Training Course on Ocean Acidification
2 - 6 November 2015
Cape Town, South Africa
Venue: SA Agulhas II (harboured in the port)
PARTICIPANTS LIST
6
GHANA
Mr Benjamin Osei Botwe
Department of Marine & Fisheries Sciences
University of Ghana
PO Box LG99, Legon
ACCRA
GHANA
Email: [email protected]
7
IVORY COAST
Mr Kouakou Urbain Koffi
Ecole Normale Supérieure d'Abidjan
01BP 11952
ABIDJAN 01
COTE D' IVOIRE
Email: [email protected]
8
KENYA
Mr Eric Ochieng Okuku
Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research
Institute
Box 81651
MOMBASA - 80100
KENYA
Email: [email protected]
9
LIBERIA
Mr Sheck A. Sherif
Environment Protection Agency
4th Street, Sinlor
1000 MONROVIA, 10
LIBERIA
Email: [email protected]
10 MADAGASCAR
Mr Jean Michel Rabary Andriantsilavo
Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines
of Toliara University
P.O. Box 141 Avenue de France
Mahavatse II
601 TOLIARA
MADAGASCAR
Email:
[email protected]
11 MAURITIUS,
REPUBLIC OF
Mr Kishore Boodhoo
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science
University of Mauritius
REDUIT
MAURITIUS
Email:
[email protected]
11
IAEA Training Course on Ocean Acidification
2 - 6 November 2015
Cape Town, South Africa
Venue: SA Agulhas II (harboured in the port)
PARTICIPANTS LIST
12 MOROCCO
Mr Mohammed Idrissi
Institut National de Recherche Halieutique
(INRH)
Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique
Bvd Sidi Abderraham
CASABLANCA, 20300
MAROC
Email: [email protected]
13 NAMIBIA
Mr Gabriel Kornelius
Ministry of Fisheries & Marine Resources
P.O. Box 394
LUDERITZ
NAMIBIA
Email: [email protected]
14 NIGERIA
Mr Julius Ibukun Agboola
Department of Marine Sciences
University of Lagos, Akola, Lagos
P.O.Box 10409 Ikeja
LAGOS
NIGERIA
Email: [email protected]
15 NIGERIA
Mr Falilu Olaiwola Adekunbi
Nigeria Institute for Oceanography and
Marine Research
3 Wilmot Point Road
Victoria Island
P.M.B 12729, LAGOS
NIGERIA
Email: [email protected]
16 SEYCHELLES,
REPUBLIC OF
Ms Patsy Michelle Theresine
Seychelles National Parks Authority
PO Box 1240
MAHE
REPUBLIC OF SEYCHELLES
Email: [email protected]
12
IAEA Training Course on Ocean Acidification
2 - 6 November 2015
Cape Town, South Africa
Venue: SA Agulhas II (harboured in the port)
PARTICIPANTS LIST
17 SOUTH AFRICA
Mr Majambo Gamoyo
Oceanography Department
University of Cape Town
Private Bag X3
RONDEBOSCH -7701
SOUTH AFRICA
Email: [email protected]
18 SOUTH AFRICA
Ms Tanya Magdeleen Haupt-Schuter
Department of Environmental Affairs
20 Cool Drive San Marina
Marina de Gama
MUIZENBERG 7945
SOUTH AFRICA
Email: [email protected]
19 SOUTH AFRICA
Ms Tamaryn Morris
SAEON - South African Environmental
Observation Network
14 Grove crescent
Parklands North
CAPE TOWN
SOUTH AFRICA
Email: [email protected]
20 SOUTH AFRICA
Ms Aadila Omarjee
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
P.O. Box 17001
Congella
4013 DURBAN
SOUTH AFRICA
Email: [email protected]
21 SOUTH AFRICA
Mr David Jonathan Pearton
South African Association for Marine &
Biological Research (SAAMBR)
P.O. Box 10715
Marine Parade 4056
KWAZULU NATAL
SOUTH AFRICA
Email : [email protected]
13
IAEA Training Course on Ocean Acidification
2 - 6 November 2015
Cape Town, South Africa
Venue: SA Agulhas II (harboured in the port)
PARTICIPANTS LIST
22 SOUTH AFRICA
Ms Marie Catherine Raissa Philibert
Stellenbosch University
45 Polo Road
Observatory
CAPE TOWN 7925
SOUTH AFRICA
Email: [email protected]
23 SOUTH AFRICA
Ms Morgana Tagliarolo
University of KwaZulu Natal
1 river Drive
Westville
4000 DURBAN
SOUTH AFRICA
Email: [email protected]
24 SOUTH AFRICA
Mr Mutshutshu Tsanwani
Department of Environmental Affaires
Oceans and Coasts P/Bag X2
Roger Bay
CAPE TOWN 8012
SOUTH AFRICA
Email:
[email protected]
25 TANZANIA
Mr. Ophery Ozias Ilomo
Chemistry Department University of Dar es
Salaam
P.O. Box 35061
Mizingani Road
ZANZIBAR
TANZANIA
Email [email protected]
26 TUNISIA
Ms Sonia Chaabane
University of Sfax
B.P. 339 Dowtown
3018 SFAX
TUNISIA
Email: [email protected]
14
IAEA Training Course on Ocean Acidification
2 - 6 November 2015
Cape Town, South Africa
Venue: SA Agulhas II (harboured in the port)
ANNEX II: LECTURERS LIST
1
IAEA
Ms Lina Hansson
OA-ICC
Radioecology Laboratory
IAEA Environment Laboratories
4a Quai Antoine 1er
98000 MONACO
Scientific
Secretary
Email: [email protected]
2
SOUTH AFRICA
Mr Warren Joubert
The Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR)
15 Lwr Hope Rd, Rosebank
CAPE TOWN, 7700
SOUTH AFRICA
Lecturer
Email: [email protected]
3
SOUTH AFRICA
Ms Nina Lester
University of Cape Town
Department of Oceanography
RW James Building, Room 125, level 1
Upper Campus
Rondebosch, CAPE TOWN
SOUTH AFRICA, 7700
Lecturer
Email: [email protected]
4
SOUTH AFRICA
Mr Mike Lucas
University of Cape Town
Department of Oceanography
RW James Building, Room 125, level 1
Upper Campus
Rondebosch, CAPE TOWN
SOUTH AFRICA, 7700
Lecturer
Email: [email protected]
5
SOUTH AFRICA
Ms Cashifa Karriem
University of Cape Town
Department of Oceanography
RW James Building, Room 125, level 1
Upper Campus
Rondebosch, CAPE TOWN
SOUTH AFRICA, 7700
Secretary
Email:
[email protected]
15
IAEA Training Course on Ocean Acidification
2 - 6 November 2015
Cape Town, South Africa
Venue: SA Agulhas II (harboured in the port)
LECTURERS LIST
6
SOUTH AFRICA
Mr Pedro Monteiro
The Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR)
15 Lwr Hope Rd, Rosebank
CAPE TOWN, 7700
SOUTH AFRICA
Lecturer
Email: [email protected]
7
SOUTH AFRICA
Mr Marcello Vichi
University of Cape Town
Department of Oceanography
RW James Building, Room 125, level 1
Upper Campus
Rondebosch, CAPE TOWN
SOUTH AFRICA, 7700
Lecturer
Email: [email protected]
8
SWEDEN
Mr Sam Dupont
Department of Biological and
Environmental Sciences – Kristineberg
University of Gothenburg
Kristineberg 566
FISKEBÄCKSKIL SE-451 78
SWEDEN
Lecturer
Email:
[email protected]
9
SPAIN
Ms Patrizia Ziveri
Institute of Environmental Science and
Technology
Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
Edifici Cn - Campus UAB
08193 Bellaterra, BARCELONA
SPAIN
Lecturer
Email: [email protected]
Mr Andrew Dickson
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
University of California
9500 Gilman Drive
Mail Code 0208, LA JOLLA CA
USA
Lecturer
Email: [email protected]
10 USA
16
IAEA Training Course on Ocean Acidification
2 - 6 November 2015
Cape Town, South Africa
Venue: SA Agulhas II (harboured in the port)
LECTURERS LIST
11 USA
Ms Lisa Robbins
St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine
Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South,
ST. PETERSBURG FL
USA
Lecturer
Email: [email protected]
17
IAEA Training Course on Ocean Acidification
2 - 6 November 2015
Cape Town, South Africa
Venue: SA Agulhas II (harboured in the port)
ANNEX III: AGENDA
Day 1
Arrival in Cape Town
Sunday 1 Nov
9:00-17:30 Participants arrive at airport
19:00 Welcome Reception at Two Oceans Aquarium, V&A Waterfront
Short presentation: Ocean acidification – the other CO2 problem (L. Hansson)
Day 2 Basics of the CO2-system and its measurement
Monday 2 Nov Venue – R/V Agulhas II
8:45-9:45 M. Vichi, L. Robbins, P. Ziveri, S. Dupont, L. Hansson – Introduction (logistics, layout of the
course, introductions of participants, expected outcomes)
S. Dupont- Ocean acidification introduction
9:45-10:45 A. Dickson: Carbonate system chemistry
10:45-11:00 Break
11:00-12:30 A. Dickson: Measurement techniques (including short movie)
12:30-13:30 Lunch (on R/V Aghulas II)
13:30-15:00 L. Robbins/A. Dickson: Overview of instrumentation for CO2-system
15:00-15:30 Break
15:30-18:00 W. Joubert/L. Robbins/S. Dupont: Instrumentation – Demonstrations of Vindta, pCO2, and pH
spec. Participants divided into groups.
Dinner (on your own)
18
IAEA Training Course on Ocean Acidification
2 - 6 November 2015
Cape Town, South Africa
Venue: SA Agulhas II (harboured in the port)
AGENDA
Day 3 Basics of CO2 experiments and manipulations / Research directions and resources available
to the community.
Tuesday 3 Nov
Venue: R/V Agulhas II
8:45-9:00 Quick intro to the day; logistics; adjustments to the program, etc.
9:00-10:00 A. Dickson: Lecture/Questions/Discussion: Summarize previous day, followed by open
discussion of common pitfalls in measuring CO2-system chemistry
10:00-10:30 Break
10:30-12:30 L. Robbins: Overview of different carbon calculators and how to use; batch inputs
12:30-13:30 Lunch
13:30-15:00 L. Robbins/S. Dupont: Calculation activity with CO2calc software package and variability
discussion
15:00-15:30 Break
15:30-16:30 P. Monteiro: The Southern Ocean Carbon Observatory (SOCCO)
16:30-17:15 L. Hansson: International ocean acidification initiatives and coordination (OA-ICC, GOA-ON,
resources)
17:15-18:00 P. Ziveri: The MedSeA experience (movie) and discussion
Dinner (on your own)
19
IAEA Training Course on Ocean Acidification
2 - 6 November 2015
Cape Town, South Africa
Venue: SA Agulhas II (harboured in the port)
AGENDA
Day 4
Morning Venue: S.A Agulhas II. Afternoon: field trip to Hermanus
Wednesday 4 Nov
8:45-9:00 Quick intro to the day; logistics; adjustments to the program, etc.
9:00-9:15 M. Lucas: Why is the Benguela upwelling system so susceptible to ocean acidification and what
do future pH projections look like?
9:15-10:00
N. Lester: Introduction to the field trip: The impacts of low pH and warming on the South
African abalone, Haliotis midae, and the potential for mitigation in abalone aquaculture
10:00-10:30 Preparation for bus transfer
10:30-12:00 Bus trip to Hermanus
12:00-13:30 Lunch in Hermanus (location to be confirmed)
13:30-18:00 Visit to abalone farm and return to Cape Town
Dinner (on your own)
20
IAEA Training Course on Ocean Acidification
2 - 6 November 2015
Cape Town, South Africa
Venue: SA Agulhas II (harboured in the port)
AGENDA
Day 5 Lectures on biological impacts; virtual experiments start.
Thursday 5 Nov Venue: S.A. Agulhas II
8:45-9:00 Quick intro to the day; logistics; adjustments to the program, etc.
9:00-10:45 S. Dupont:
How to design a relevant biological experiment? (evolution, multiple stressors, ecology, etc.)
Impacts on benthic animals and their larval stages
Endpoint measurements: Physiology (growth, respiration, feeding, molecular techniques, etc.)
10:45-11:00 Break
11:00-12:30 P. Ziveri:
Impacts on planktonic calcifying organisms (evolution, ecology, diversity, physiology)
Methodological approach from laboratory experiments to field observations
Endpoint measurements: calcification
12:30-13:30 Lunch
13:30-15:00 S. Dupont/P. Ziveri: Virtual experiment (pre-test, presentation, data collection, analyses)
1500-15:30 Break
15:30-17:30 S. Dupont/P. Ziveri: Virtual experiment (pre-test, presentation, data collection, analyses)
Dinner (on your own)
21
IAEA Training Course on Ocean Acidification
2 - 6 November 2015
Cape Town, South Africa
Venue: SA Agulhas II (harboured in the port)
AGENDA
Day 6
Venue: S.A. Agulhas II
Friday 6 Nov
8:45-9:00 Quick intro to the day; logistics; adjustments to the program, etc.
9:00-10:00 P. Ziveri:
What did we learn from past periods of carbon cycle perturbation in Earth history?
How to study the paleo-record? Techniques and temporal resolution.
10:00-10:15 Break
10:15-12:15 S. Dupont/P. Ziveri: Virtual experiment (group discussion, preparation of presentations)
12:15-13:30 Lunch
13:30-15:00 S. Dupont/P. Ziveri: Virtual experiment (presentations)
1500-15:30 Break
15:30-16:00 S. Dupont: The science behind the Virtual experiment
16:00-17:00 Discussion forum: challenges associated with participants’ research and how to solve them
17:00-18:00
Discussion about African OA coordination/networking. Participants discuss
components/priorities/opportunities for an OA plan.
19:00 IAEA hosted dinner (Seelan)
Day 7
Departure from Cape Town
Saturday 7 Nov
Check- out of rooms and participants head to airport(s)
22
Annex IV: Course evaluations
Participation
26
17
14 - Male 12Female
Number of Participants
Countries
Sex Ratio
Position
Graduate Student
Technician
Management
Teacher / Professor
Others
5
6
2
8
3
Course format and content
Previous knowledge on ocean acidification
12
10
8
6
Number of
Participants 24
4
2
0
1
2
3
4
5
“What is your overall impression of the course and its format?”





‘Really it was a good training week, meeting with people from different countries and
continents too. I appreciate your good company. I thank all trainees for your friendly and
jovial company which make the training something to remember. Our trainers, kindly accept
my sincere appreciation for your endless effort imparting OA concepts to trainees with
different backgrounds (some Biologists, chemists etc.). Despite of these differences still you
manage to make it happens. Thank you so much. To me this training was just a beginning of
another carrier in OA‘
‘The course is useful to me especially the chemical part of it’
‘It is very informative, helpful and well prepared’
‘The course was great and I learned quite a lot’
‘It was a good introduction into the field of OA. The course gave me an overview of how to
conduct research in OA and in science in general’
23
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










‘Very well run course. Organised and informative. One of the best courses I have attended
so far’
‘Well-structured and highly engaged lecturers. Good interaction’
‘The course was good and informative. I am going to use the knowledge I have gained during
my PhD Studies and also improve my work’
‘It provided me with a sufficient amount of knowledge to start working on ocean
acidification. Definitely beneficial’
‘Useful but really packed’
‘I like this course and I learn more on the effects of OA on the biology. I’d like during the
course we might have some experiments on how to measure some parameters (pH, SST, SSS
or omega)’
‘The course was very well organized and so interesting; various topics and various aspects;
good discussion group and interesting presentations; enhanced my knowledge on OA’
‘The training was well adapted, for my country this is a new issue, and we really need this
training’
‘Course content appropriate. Course has increased my awareness of OA and provided
foundational knowledge in how to make OA measurements’
‘The course was impressive, practical aspects should be given more time in the future.
Possibility of equipping participants with small less costly equipment is vital if the instrument
is not available to the participant’s institution.’
‘I am very satisfied about the course and how it was made because the lecturers took into
account the different levels’
‘It was good. Long hours. But final day was the longest, with low concentration due to being
tired.’
“Did the course live up to your expectations?”
30
24
20
10
0
Yes
No
Number of Participants 24
Comments:







‘Very useful and interesting’
‘I like this course and I learn more on the effect of the OA on the biology. I would have like to
have more experiments on how to measure some parameters during the course’
‘I have found the 9-18hrs a bit long and tiring’
‘Overall it has been a very informative except that more techniques related to chemical
experience could have been included‘
‘Provided basic and specific knowledge which was needed, as well as contacts of people that
have experience people from which I can gain’
‘The lecturers gave me more information on OA; I had every kind of views to achieve this
issue’
‘I’m so satisfied. I learnt a lot and I enjoyed the course.’
24
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


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

‘Very knowledgeable faculty and interesting discussion. Faculty very keen to share
knowledge’
‘Excellent opportunities to network and think more about experiments and OA’
‘Various issues that I needed clarity with where discussed and I also had an opportunity to
chat with the experts’
‘There is still need to acquire practical experience to make correct measurements of OA
parameters’
‘Great staff!’
‘More exercises because it is very interesting’
‘But it should have covered more on the basics of OA before going into more complex
chemistry’
“Do you think that the course content was good/extensive enough to give you sufficient
knowledge about the subject at this level?”
25
23
20
15
10
5
1
0
Yes
No
Number of Participants 24
Comments:





‘More detailed data or equipment should be presented’
‘The content was good but I feel that the experimental design part was not dealt with
sufficiently. More time for practical demonstrations’
‘Various issues that I needed clarity with were discussed and I also had an opportunity to
chat with the experts’
‘There is still need to acquire practical experience to make correct measurements of OA
parameters’
‘Definitely sufficient’
Give at least one suggestion on how the course can be improved:






‘Have a practical part in the lab’
‘More exercises because it is very interesting’
‘Increase practical aspects/activities’
‘Possibly include a practical component’
‘Budget more time for experimental design with practical demonstrations’
‘I would like to improve the knowledge of technique: How to use it? / How to get a
function?’
25








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‘I expected a little bit more practical, but knowing that there will be an upcoming applied
course makes me happy’
‘Make a real experience’
‘Increase on the practical sessions’
‘More than 2 hours spent on course evaluations, this could be reduced in the future’
‘A more practical component where we get to use the instrumentation’
‘Ensure a follow up on what is happening to participants and some network’
‘Practical sessions are needed’
‘More practical work should be included’
‘More hands-on experiences’
Logistics
Travelling
“How was your travel arrangement to reach Cape Town?”
(1= very bad, 5 = excellent)
10
8
8
7
6
4
4
2
2
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Number of Participants 24
N/A
Comments:


‘Despite existence of short flights of only 3hrs some participants travelled for 24hrs instead
and this fatigues the participants’
‘There are direct flights from my country to Cape Town and I was on one of the longest’
Location
“How was the location?”
(1= very bad, 5 = excellent)
26
14
15
10
8
5
0
0
1
2
1
1
0
3
4
Number of Participants
5
N/A Local
Comment:
‘Beautiful area of the city’
Accommodation
“How was your accommodation?”
10
9
8
7
6
4
4
4
2
0
0
0
1
2
3
Number of Participants 24
4
5
N/A Local
(1= very bad, 5 = excellent)
Comments:








‘Hotel very well located, clean and room were very well equipped’
‘The place of the hotel is far from the course place’
‘Hotel too far from the course to walk everyday’
‘Too expensive for my perspective’
‘Good hotel’
‘Very expensive’
‘It will be nice if the hotel was paid ahead (remove from our grant) and if lecturers were hear
earlier to meet and greet the participants’
‘Excellent accommodation! However it is too expensive. 80% money spend on
accommodation is not recommendable. Option for individual to get their own
accommodation should be given’
27
Food
“How were the meals?”
9
10
8
6
4
2
0
5
5
3
1
1
1
2
3
Number of Participants 24
4
5
N/A
(1= very bad, 5 = excellent)
Comments:







‘Most days the food was not good’
‘I sent my food requirements and it seemed they were not taken on board’
‘The food was not warm enough’
‘Friday's lunch was quite small but in general it was quite nice’
‘Not enough choices and it did not cater for all dietary requirements’
‘Should at least take care of African food’
‘Breakfast at hotel was excellent, I did not enjoy the lunches’
“Do you have any additional comments regarding the logistics?”




‘The funds required was mostly spent on the very expensive accommodation (80%) after
making the contribution for lunches and taxis participants did not have enough cash for
dinner’
‘Lunch was just a snack / Flight arrangements were not the best’
‘I did not enjoy the lunch on ship. The value # quality / quantity. Overall arrangement was
good money spend on accommodation is too much’
‘Fingers food was not good for such long day training and it was also cold. It is
recommended that host organisation pay directly hotel and transport arrangement’
Teaching parts
“Did the lecturers provide you the ability to ask questions or have discussions during the
lectures or seminars?”
No replies to this question.
Lectures
“Did you find the lectures relevant for the subject?”
28
17
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
6
4
2
0
1
0
0
1
2
3
Number of Participants 24
4
5
(1= never, 5 = always)
“Did the lectures facilitate your learning of the subject?”
20
19
15
10
5
5
0
0
0
0
1
2
Number of Participants 24
3
4
5
(1= not at all, 5 = a lot)
Give at least one tip on how the lecture/lectures could be improved to facilitate your
learning










‘Give more activities’
‘There was dominance by one expert and we could notice pulling between chemistry and
biology experts. Synergetic arrangement will be then confusing’
‘More practical sessions’
‘Some were a bit lengthy. 45 minutes back to back lectures is a bit much too take in.
However I understand the time constraints’
‘Just improve on the present approach it would only get better’
‘I am happy with the lecturers’
‘Less PowerPoint’
‘There should be few lectures per day so that the trainees could get some more time to go
through manageable lectures’
‘Make a video-conference course, or film the course for future use or for participants that
cannot reach’
‘More practical aspects could help, but I enjoyed coming up with the project proposal‘
29

‘The training was well adapted but I had problems following because of the language barrier’
“In your opinion, were there any topics in the lectures that were missing?”







‘All great the lecturers were going through different topics and making examples to make it
easier for us to understand’
‘Less lectures about the impact and maybe more on multiple stressors as all is stressed on
OA’
‘By taking more examples related to Africa. More chemical experiments’
‘Maybe spend more time on the chemistry section’
‘Modelling aspect of ocean acidification and how they can be used’
‘Practical components. When listening to chemical protocols it all sounds easy but practically
it’s more difficult’
‘It would be nice to have this training in French, even if I know that English is the science
language’
“What do you think about the amount of laboratory assignments?”
10
9
8
6
6
5
4
4
2
0
0
1
2
3
4
Number of Participants 24
5
(1= too few, 5 = too many)
“What do you think about the degree of difficulty?”
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
14
6
3
1
0
1
2
3
Number of Participants 24
4
5
(1= easy, 5= hard)
30
“How much did you learn from the assignments?”
14
12
12
10
8
8
6
4
2
2
2
0
0
1
2
3
Number of Participants 24
4
5
(1=little, 5 = much)
Group activities and practicals
“What did you think about the field trip?”
14
12
10
8
Number of Participants 24
6
(1= very bad, 5 =
excellent)
4
2
0
1
2
3
4
5
“What do you think about the amount of group activities?”
31
16
14
14
12
10
7
8
6
3
4
2
0
0
0
1
2
3
Number of Participants 24
4
5
(1= too few, 5 = too many)
“What do you think about the degree of difficulty?”
13
14
12
10
8
5
6
4
2
2
1
1
2
0
1
2
3
Number of Participants 24
4
5
N/A
(1= easy, 5= hard)
“How much did you learn from the assignments?”
15
12
10
8
5
2
2
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
Number of Participants 24
(1= little, 5 = much)
“What did you think about the quality of the supervision?”
32
13
14
12
9
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
N/A
Number of Participants 24
(1= low quality, 5 = high quality)
Specific comments about the activities and/or suggestions for improvements:








‘Need more activities’
‘The proposal development activity can be pushed forward as mini-projects and make them
possible through collaborations and funding’
‘More coordination of the experts on proceeding is a way forward’
‘Very good’
‘There weren't too many to really comment on’
‘More activities should be increase to complete the theory’
‘Design experiences in relation to society’s needs’
‘More activities for networking with other countries’
“How approachable were the course teachers in and out of the classroom?”
20
16
15
10
8
5
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
Number of Participants 24





4
5
(1= very bad, 5 = excellent)
‘Everyone was great, Sam was particularly engaging’
‘They were all approachable and willing to give more to the participants’
‘I really appreciate the quality of the teachers and lessons’
‘Very supportive and encouraging’
‘They know their work and how to teach. They made it easier for me to understand OA’
33
The course participants and the work load
“How do you think the atmosphere among the participants has been?”
20
15
15
8
10
5
0
1
0
0
1
2
3
4
Number of Participants 24
5
(1= bad, 5 = good)
“How do you think the atmosphere among the course members and the teachers has
been?”
20
17
15
10
6
5
0
1
0
0
1
2
3
4
Number of Participants 24
5
(1= bad, 5 =good)
“How much stress have you felt during the course?”
10
8
8
8
6
6
4
3
2
2
0
1
2
3
Number of Participants 24
4
5
(1= a little, 5 = a lot)
34
“How stressed have you been feeling compared to other workshops that you have taken?”
10
9
8
7
6
4
3
3
2
1
1
0
1
2
3
Number of Participants 24
4
5
N/A
(1= less, 5 = more)
“How hard do you think this workshop has been compared to other courses?”
9
8
8
7
6
6
5
4
4
4
3
3
2
1
1
0
1
2
3
Number of Participants 24
4
5
N/A
(1= easier, 5 = harder)
35