Research Paper
Volume : 2 | Issue : 3 | Mar 2013 • ISSN No 2277 - 8179
Physical Education
A Study on the Effect of Plyometric
Exercise for Development of Speed Among
Football
DR. M. M. MAHIDA
Research Scholar CMJ University
Research Guide CMJ University
INTRODUCTION
Plyometric training involves and uses practicing plyometric
movements to enhance tissues abilities and train nerve cells to
stimulate a specific pattern of [muscle contraction] so the muscle generates as strong a contraction as possible in the shortest
amount of time. A plyometric contraction involves first a rapid
muscle lengthening movement (eccentric phase), followed by
a short resting phase (amortization phase), then an explosive
muscle shortening movement (concentric phase), which enables muscles to work together in doing the particular motion.
Plyometric training engages the myotatic reflex, which is the
automatic contraction of muscles when their stretch sensory
receptors are stimulated.
Muscular power and muscular strength are two different things.
Muscular strength refers to how much force can be applied (The
ability to lift a heavier weight as opposed to a lighter one).
Strength alone is good indicative of speed. Although muscle
strength is correlated to sprint performance, research has
shown that combining both resistance training and plyometric
training will have better effects on training.
While plyometrics assists in rapid force development (power),
weight training assists in maximal force output (strength). Power refers to the combined factors of speed and strength. Performance in many sports is based on different types of power. In
American Football, a lineman and a receiver may have the same
power, but they have different limitations in how their power
is delivered. The lineman would be speed-limited, whereas the
receiver would be strength-limited. The purpose of plyometrics
is to emphasize speed-based power. One activity that requires
speed-favored power is high jumping: ultimately, jump height
is determined not have exceptional leg strength, but they can
produce it at exceptional speeds. Studies have shown that training a plyometric activity such as drop jump allows the athlete
to increase the reactivation and pre-stretch of the muscles and
allows the coach to assess landing techniques that are vital to
the production of force With the increase of force production,
an athlete becomes more powerful explosive and stable when
performing tasks decreasing risk of injury and increasing overall performance on the playing field. Plyometric drills are used
in many sports training programs to help build speed, power,
improve coordination, agility, and improve sports performance.
Any athlete that participates in sports that involve jumping,
landing, or explosive moves can benefit from plyometric drills.
Many plyometric exercises are especially geared toward football
training. Using plyometrics for soccer is one the most effective
ways to increase explosive speed and power. By how fast one is
moving once one’s legs have left the ground. Good jumpers may
The game of football is any of several similar team sports of
similar origins which involve advancing a ball into a goal area in
an attempt to score. Many of these involve kicking a ball with the
foot to score a goal, though not all codes of football using kicking
as a primary means of advancing the ball or scoring. The most
popular of these sports worldwide is association foot ball, more
commonly known as just “football” or “soccer” Unqualified, the
word football applies to whichever form of football is the most
popular in the regional context in which the word appears, including American football, Australian rules football etc. Speed
is a key component of Physical fitness which is very important
for Foot Ball Players for giving the high level of performance in
competition. Speed is the performance pre requisite to do motor actions under given conditions in minimum of time. Speed is
the quickness of movement of a limb, whether this is the legs of
a runner or the arm of the shot putter.
Speed is an integral part of every sport and can be expressed as
any one of, or combination of, the following: maximum speed,
elastic strength and speed endurance.
Method:
The Purpose of the the present study to find out the effect of
Plyometric exercises for the
Development of Speed among Football players of Dr. Subhash
B.P.ED. College Junagadh The sample for the present study is
Forty Male Foot Ball Players from various colleges of Junagadh
(Saurashtra University Gujarat in India).
The experimental group is 20 male foot ball players and controlled group is 20 University Male foot ball players. The six
weeks of training were given to the experimental group which
consists of Plyometric exercises on alternate days i.e. three sessions per week and controlled group were given general training. Plyometric exercises such hopping, bounding, depth jumps
etc. are used in the training for the experimental group.30 Meter
Run were used for Pre Test and Post Test for both the experimental and controlled group to find out the effect of Plyometric
exercises for development of speed.
30 Meters Run:
Purpose:
The aim of this test is to determine speed.
Equipment required:
Measuring tape, or marked track, stop watch, cone markers
etch. Flat and clear surface of at least 50 meters.
Procedure:
The test involves running a single maximum sprint over 30 meters, with the time recorded. A thorough warm up should be
given, including some practice starts and accelerations. Start
from a stationary position, with one foot in front of the other.
The front foot must be on or behind the starting line. This starting position should be held for 2 seconds prior to starting, and
no rocking movements are allowed. The tester should provide
hints for maximizing speed (such as keeping low, driving hard
with the arms and legs) and encouraged to continue running
hard through the finish line.
Results
This study shows that due to the Plyometric exercise the experimental group has shown vast improvement compare to the controlled group in Pre Test and Post Test results.
Discussion
Table-1-Pre Test
Pre Group N
Test
30
m
30
m
Control Experimental
Mr. MAYUR A. PATEL
KEYWORDS:
Mean
S. D. Std.
Mean ‘t’
20 4.41
0.24 0.08
20 4.49
046 0.15
-1.81
df
Sig.
(2-tailed)
38.00 0.9
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Research Paper
Volume : 2 | Issue : 3 | Mar 2013 • ISSN No 2277 - 8179
In Table No.1 in Pre Test in 30 M Run the Mean score of Experimental Group is 4.41 and controlled group is 4.49 there is a difference of 0.08 between both the groups.
30 m
20 4.21 0.22 0.06
Control
30 m
Experimental
Table-2-Post Test
Pre
Std.
Test Group N Mean S. D. Mean ‘t’
20 4.51
0.44 0.13
df
Sig.
(2-tailed)
-1.81 38.00 0.9
REFERENCE
In Table No.2 in Post Test in 30 M Run the Mean score of Experimental Group is 4.21 and controlled group is 4.51 there is a
difference of 0.30 between both the groups.
The Experimental group has increased 0.20 between Pre Test
to Post Test due to plyometric training and controlled group is
decreased by 0.03 due to the general training.
Conclusion:
It is concluded that due to the Plyometric Exercises there will
improvement of Speed among foot ball players in Osmania University,
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A., & Kriemler, S. (2010). Effects of balance training on postural sway, leg extensor strength, and jumping height in adolescents. Research Quarterly For Exercise and Sport, 81(3), 245-251. 3. Dabbs, N, Khamoui, AV, Diamond N, Uribe, BP, Tran, T, Jo, E, Brownm LE,
Coburn, JW, Judelson, DA, Noffal, GJ. Differences in Vertical Jump Performance by Force Production. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research; January 2010 – Volume 24 Supplement 1 4. Wikipaedia Plyometric training and football
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