PDF, 15th June 2016
Since 2013, IS and al-Qaeda have been competing for funding, recruits and prestige — and they
often argue over tactics (यु ि तयां). IS leaders prefer the wholesale slaughter (नरसंहार) of
civilians, as epitomized (सार
नकालना) by recent attacks in Paris, Baghdad, Beirut and
elsewhere.
By late 2014, the IS seized large chunks (टु कड़े) of territory in Syria and Iraq. The group then
proclaimed (घो षत कया) a caliphate in the territory under its control, and named its leader,
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, as caliph and “leader of Muslims everywhere”.
The IS established a regional base that has allowed it to govern territory, train thousands of
fighters and generate income from illicit (अवैध) trade in oil and other resources — all on a scale
larger than anything al-Qaeda has achieved. The IS has also established a larger recruitment
effort and more sophisticated (ज टल) social media presence than al-Qaeda’s.
With its self-declared caliphate, the IS has gained control of more resources and generated more
income than the al-Qaeda. The IS generates money by selling oil and wheat, imposing taxes on
residents of the territory it controls, and through extortion (जबरन वसू ल ).
In 2014, it raked in about $2 billion, according to the U.S. Treasury Department. That included
$500 million in oil sales in the black market, and up to $1 billion in cash stolen from banks while
the group made its initial march across Syria and Iraq. By contrast, the al-Qaeda has historically
relied on donations from wealthy individuals, especially in the Gulf states.
Overall, IS has displaced al-Qaeda as the dominant ( भावी) force in international jihadism. But
even in its weakened state, the al-Qaeda still poses a danger to the West, West Asia and the
wider Muslim world. In recent years, it has become more active in Yemen and has established a
strong affiliate in Syria, the Jabhat al-Nusra, which is a dominant force among the jihadists
fighting the regime (शासन/ यव था) of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.
1. Tactics (N)
 Synonyms : Approach / Disposition / Policy / Technique / Trick.

Antonyms : Condor / Honor / Ingenuousness
2. Slaughter (V)

Synonyms : Annihilation / Carnage / Murder

Antonyms : Birth / Create
3. Epitomized (V)

Synonyms : Abstract / Brief / Recapitulate / Exemplify / Symbolize

Antonyms : Elongate / Prolong /Lengthen
4. Chunks (N)

Synonyms : Block / Portion / Piece / Wad

Antonyms : Whole / Nubbin
5. Proclaimed (V)

Synonyms : Announce / Affirm / Promulgate / Expound

Antonyms : Conceal / Hide / Obscure.
6. Illicit (Adj.)

Synonyms : Improper / Clandestine / Illegal / Furtive / Immoral.

Antonyms : Proper / Legal / Forthright
7. Sophisticated (Adj.)

Synonyms : Artificial / Mature / Citified / Refined

Antonyms : Unsophisticated / Enchanted / Naïve
8. Extortion (V)

Synonyms : Theft / Badger / Coercion / Shake-down / Force

Antonyms: Peace / Coaxing
9. Dominant (Adj.)

Synonyms : Assertive / Chief / Main / Leading / Paramount

Antonyms : Secondary / Ineffective / Extra / Auxiliary / Impotent
10. Regime (N)

Synonyms : Administration / Reign / Rule / Tenure / Incumbency / System

Antonyms : Unauthorized / Indulgence
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