BIOL 1114
EXAM 3 (No Star Form)
16 April 2001
Use a # 2 pencil to fill in the information portion of your NCS answer sheet including the appropriate circles (bubbles).
Write “No Star Form” above your name in the margin of your NCS answer sheet. Read all questions and answers
carefully before choosing the single BEST response for each question. Feel free to ask the instructor for clarification.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Use the following information to answer the NEXT 7 QUESTIONS.
After living in the residence hall for two years, Ramona decided she wanted an apartment so she could keep pets. With
the help of a friend and a local pet store, Ramona set up a 2 cubic foot aquarium complete with 4 female guppies, 1
male guppy, and 10 snails (guppies are a type of small fish). She provided plenty of food and kept the aquarium clean
and bubbled with air. After 6 months, she took inventory and found 50 guppies and 150 snails.
1. Snail population density in the aquarium at the end of 6 months was __________.
a) 150 snails/cubic foot
b) 25 snails /cubic foot
c) 75 snails/cubic foot
d) 300 snails/cubic foot
e) 150 snails
2. The population growth rate (r) for snails during the 6 months was ___________.
a) 150 snails
b) 140 snails
c) 25 snails/month
d) 6 months
e) 14 snails/snail/6 months
3. The population growth increment (G) for snails during the 6 months was ____________.
a) 150 snails
b) 140 snails
c) 14 snails/6 months
d) 6 months
e) 25 snails/month
4. In the following month (7th month), Ramona noticed that 40 guppies were born, and 30 died. The guppy population
size (N) at the end of the 7th month was ________.
a) 10 guppies
b) 30 guppies
c) 40 guppies
d) 60 guppies
e) 90 guppies
5. Ramona will know that her guppy population has reach the carrying capacity (K) of her tank when ___________.
a) guppies are no longer born
b) guppies no longer die
c) the guppy birth rate equals the death rate
d) there is no longer room for guppies to swim
e) the snails start eating the guppies
6. The snails may start getting sick and some may die. Disease is an example of a (an) __________ population control.
a) bad luck
b) fatal attraction
c) exponential
d) density-independent
e) density-dependent
7. Ramona must keep her aquarium bubbled with air because:
a) Mitochondria in guppy cells need oxygen for electron transport.
b) Cytoplasm in snail cells needs oxygen for glycolysis.
c) Chloroplasts in the seaweed need oxygen for photosynthesis.
d) Air bubbles provide carbon dioxide for the Krebs cycle.
e) All of these (a-d) are correct.
8. In 1770 English clergyman/scientist Joseph Priestly placed a burning candle in a closed container and the candle
flame went out before the fire consumed all the candle wax. He then placed a live mouse in a closed container. The
mouse died within a few hours. When Priestly placed a live plant in the closed container with a live mouse, neither
the mouse nor the plant died. All experiments were done during daylight hours. Priestly concluded that the plant was
purifying the air. What did the plant ADD to the air within the container that allowed the mouse to live?
a) CO2 (carbon dioxide)
b) O2 (oxygen)
c) glucose
d) H2 (hydrogen)
Use the following information to answer the NEXT 5 QUESTIONS
A corn plant has 20 chromosomes in its diploid cells (2n = 20). In flower parts called anthers, certain cells undergo
meiosis. At the end of meiosis, each cell produces 4 haploid reproductive cells (microspores).
9. The meiosis of one cell that resulted in the production of 4 microspores included ______________________.
a) 1 chromosome replication and 2 cell divisions
b) 1 chromosome replication and 1 cell division
c) 2 chromosome replications and 2 cell divisions
d) 2 chromosome replications and 1 cell division
e) Either (a) or (d).
10. Each microspore contains ____ chromosomes.
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) 20
e) 40
11. Next, each haploid microspore undergoes mitosis and produces a structure called a pollen grain. Each cell in the
pollen grain contains _____ chromosomes.
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) 20
e) 40
12. A zygote (fertilized egg) develops into an embryo, which involves protein synthesis. Proteins are synthesized directly
on ______________ with information translated directly from ___________________.
a) the cell membrane,
DNA
b) ribosomes,
DNA
c) ribosomes,
RNA
d) DNA,
RNA
e) RNA,
DNA
13. Which of the following increases genetic diversity and may help corn populations survive a constantly changing
environment?
a) Sexual reproduction
b) Meiosis
c) Crossing over between chromosomes
d) Asexual reproduction
e) (a), (b) and (c) are correct
14. Mushu and Mulan are housecats that were adopted from the Payne County Humane Society. They had different
parents. During their stay at the Humane Society, Mulan caught a respiratory infection that affects cats but not
humans. Mushu did not catch the respiratory infection. Which one or more of the following contributed to Mulan
becoming infected?
a) Mulan's poor nutrition prior to her arrival at the Humane Society.
b) Human population density at the Humane Society.
c) Cat population density at the Humane Society.
d) Both (a) and (c)
15. Which one or more of the following most likely contributed to Mushu not having the infection?
a) Mushu inherited immunity (memory cells) to the respiratory infection from his parents.
b) Mushu was smaller.
c) Mushu inherited an immune system from his parents that was better able to fight the infection than was Mulan's
immune system.
d) Both (a) and (b).
e) Both (a) and (c).
16. On their first visit to the veterinarian, Mushu and Mulan received a vaccination for feline distemper. This vaccination
stimulated their immune systems to produce which one or more of the following?
a) antigens
b) memory cells
c) antibodies
d) antibiotics
e) both (b) and (c)
17. When they were 6 months old both Mushu and Mulan were surgically altered so that they could not reproduce. For
Mulan this required a small incision into her abdomen to remove her ovaries. This incision healed by a type of cell
division called _______________.
a) transcription
b) meiosis
c) phagocytosis
d) mitosis
18. Cells produced in the incision-healing process would be ________________ the other cells on her abdomen.
a) half the size of
b) haploid versions of
c) genetically different from
d) genetically identical to
19. Which one or more of the following is a phenotype for a cat?
a) homozygous alleles for eye color
b) heterozygous alleles for eye color
c) gold eyes
d) both (a) and (b)
e) none of the above
20. Which one or more of the following involve cellular secretion and exocytosis?
a) Your immune system’s B cells fighting off a strep bacterial infection.
b) Neuron communication with muscles in your hand.
c) Macrophages engulfing a TB bacterium by phagocytosis.
d) Both (a) and (b).
e) Both (b) and (c).
21. If you were handed a sample of DNA and told that it contained 30 % guanine (G), which one or more of the following
analyses would you additionally need to do in order to tell someone the exact % base composition of the DNA.
a) % T
b) % C
c) % A
d) both (a) and (b)
e) None of the above, you can determine the % of other bases if you know the % of any one of the four.
22. If you were told how many codons a particular mRNA contained, how would you determine the number of nucleotides
contained in the mRNA?
a) multiply by 3
b) divide by 3
c) use the Universal Genetic code
d) do nothing - they are the same
23. People with cystic fibrosis have defective CFTR proteins. People who are heterozygous (carriers) for the disease (Ff)
show no symptoms because ______________________.
a) both chromosomes contain alleles that produce functioning CFTR proteins.
b) they don't need the CFTR protein.
c) the amount of functioning CFTR protein produced by the one normal allele is sufficient.
d) they produce no CFTR protein.
e) mutations cause them to manufacture twice as much CFTR protein as normal and they store the excess in their
ribosomes.
24. Transcription and translation occur _______________________.
a) only during mitosis.
b) only when cells are preparing to divide.
c) whenever a protein is needed.
d) only in sunlight.
e) only when an organism is growing.
[Use the following to answer the NEXT 7 QUESTIONS.]
Viruses are non-living, disease-causing agents typically composed of DNA surrounded by proteins. They are
incapable of metabolism, and must infect specific host organisms, where their DNA directs host cells to make more
viruses. The viral protein coat provides antigens for host immune recognition. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a
severe, highly communicable viral disease of cattle and swine. It also affects sheep, goats, deer, and other cloven-hoofed
ruminants. There is currently a serious outbreak of FMD in England, and it has appeared recently in France. The U.S.
has been free of FMD since 1929, when the last of nine U.S. outbreaks was eradicated [by killing all infected animals].
FMD is one of the most difficult animal infections to control. Because FMD occurs in many parts of the world, there is
always a chance of its accidental reintroduction into the United States. FMD is NOT considered as a disease that is
transmissible to humans.
The disease is characterized by fever and blister-like lesions followed by erosions on the tongue and lips, in the
mouth, on the teats, and between the hooves; excessive salivation is common. Many affected animals recover, but the
disease leaves them debilitated. It causes severe losses in the production of meat and milk.
The disease is caused by a virus that is spread widely and rapidly by animals, people, or materials that bring the
virus into physical contact with susceptible animals. An outbreak can occur when:
• People wearing contaminated clothes or footwear or using contaminated equipment pass the virus to susceptible
animals.
• Animals carrying the virus are introduced into susceptible herds.
• Contaminated facilities/vehicles are used to hold/move susceptible animals.
• Raw or improperly cooked garbage containing infected meat or animal products is fed to susceptible animals.
• Susceptible animals are exposed to materials such as hay, feedstuffs, hides, or biologics contaminated with the virus.
• Susceptible animals drink a common source of contaminated water.
• A susceptible cow is inseminated by semen from an infected bull.
There are at least seven separate types and many subtypes of the FMD virus. Immunity to one type does NOT
protect an animal against other types. Due to potentially catastrophic economic losses, the main control method is
immediate slaughter and burning of all potentially infected livestock, even if they do not show symptoms. Vaccination is
considered too expensive and only partially effective, although there is a vigorous debate among experts about this.
25. It appears that the FMD virus may be spread between animals by ___________.
a) air
b) water
c) solid surfaces
d) food
e) all of these (a-d)
26. Saliva, which contains various enzymes (proteins), is produced in salivary glands under neuronal control. Excessive
salivation probably requires _____________.
a) action potentials in neurons leading to the salivary glands.
b) inheritable mutations in the animal cells caused by the FMD virus.
c) high activity of rough ER and Golgi bodies in cells of the salivary glands.
d) both (a) and (c).
27. The “seven separate types and many subtypes of the FMD virus”, and the absence of cross-immunity, indicates that
…
a) there is much genetic variation in the FMD virus population.
b) the FMD virus is trying to mutate to avoid detection by the host’s immune system.
c) infected cattle must mutate to develop antibodies to FMD.
d) natural selection favors a more and more lethal virus.
28. The various forms of the FMD virus probably differ in _________________.
a) the number of different kinds of sugars in their DNA.
b) antigens.
c) having DNA made up of different amino acids.
d) number of strands in its DNA.
e) all of the above (a-d).
29. Suppose that a population of mountain goats (a potential FMD host) in the western U.S. was exposed to the FMD
virus for the first time. Predict what would occur as a result of this exposure.
a) At least some of the goats would eventually (weeks) produce effective antibodies, while other goats might die.
b) The goats would be unaffected, because they had never before been exposed to the virus.
c) The goats would mutate to become immune.
d) The FMD virus would mutate to take advantage the new host species.
e) The FMD virus would produce antibodies that would cause the goats’ B cells to divide by meiosis.
30. If surviving goats (same individuals) in that same population were reinfected with the FMD virus the next year, predict
what would happen.
a) Exactly the same thing as the first infection.
b) The virus would again choose to mutate, leaving the goats helpless to defend themselves.
c) The goats would have already mutated by mitosis, so that they were no longer an appropriate host for the virus.
d) The goats’ memory cells would recognize the virus and rapidly begin antibody formation.
e) Meiosis would make all of the surviving goats homozygous for resistance against the virus.
31. In order for the FMD virus to cause disease in humans, what must happen?
a) The virus divides by meiosis instead of mitosis.
b) An individual virus by chance mutates in a way that allows it to invade human cells.
c) The human genetic code changes.
d) Mitosis in human cells accidentally rearranges the amino acids in RNA to allow virus infection.
e) Nucleotide base pairing in viral DNA changes.
32. Assume the allele (B) for brown coat color is dominant to the allele (b) for white coat color. If a brown rabbit (BB) is
crossed with a white rabbit (bb), then which of the following offspring phenotypes would be predicted?
a) all the bunnies would be brown
b) all the bunnies would be white
c) all the bunnies would be orange
d) half the bunnies would be brown and the other half white
e) all the bunnies would be male
33. Jessica had cystic fibrosis (a recessive trait), but neither of her parents did. What is the probability that a future
sibling (brother or sister) would have cystic fibrosis?
a) 0
b) ¼
c) ½
d) ¾
e) 1.0
34. Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive trait. From the genotypes listed, which set lists all possible genotypes for
the individuals given below?
A normal male with one hemophiliac parent; a female with a normal phenotype
Male
Female
a) XhY
XhXh
H
b) X Y
XHXh
h h
c) X Y
XHXH or XHXh
h
d) X Y
XHXH or XHXh
H
e) X Y
XHXH or XHXh
35. A woman with type A blood is the daughter of a type O father and type A mother. If she has children with a type AB
man, what is the probability of producing a child with type AB blood?
a) 0
b) ¼
c) ½
d) ¾
e) 1.0
36. Cells undergo ____________ to prevent themselves from getting too large.
a) photosynthesis
b) cellular respiration
c) meiosis
d) mitosis
e) transcription
37. Which of the following observations provide the best evidence for the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of
eukaryotes?
a) Most bacteria are much larger than mitochondria and chloroplasts.
b) Prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts all have cell walls.
c) Prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts all have DNA and ribosomes.
d) Prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts cannot reproduce themselves.
e) Prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are not surrounded by membranes.
38. What is the amino acid sequence corresponding to this nucleotide sequence, assuming it is read from left to right?
(Consult the chart provided below.)
TACGAAGCGTTC
a) Glu - Ala - Phe
b) U A C G A A G C G U U C
c) Met - Leu - Arg - Lys
d) U T G C T T C G C U U G
e) Impossible to determine from the information provided.
39. Which is a possible mRNA sequence corresponding to the following sequence, assuming it is read from left to right?
(Consult the chart provided below.)
Met - Tyr - Pro - Ser
a) T A C A T A C G T A G C
b) A U G U A C U A C G U C C C C A A A A G C
c) T A C T A T C C A T C G
d) A U G U A U C C A U C G
e) All of these are possible mRNA sequences.
40. What is the smallest number of DNA nucleotide sequence changes that must occur to cause a change in one amino
acid in a particular protein?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
e) 64