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JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES RESEARCH
ISSN:1819-544X
JOURNAL home page: http://www.aensiweb.com/JASR
2015 January 11(1): pages 47-55.
Published Online 2014 1 December.
Research Article
Investigating the Term (Fitna) Sedition from the Perspective of Quran and NahjolBalagheh
1Moslem
Amini Nejad, 2Narges Parvizi and 3Moslem Tavani
1Farhangian university, Tehran, IRAN
2Employing in ministeri of education, Tehran, IRAN
3Department of Social Sciences, Payamenoor University, pobox 19395 -3697Theran, IR of IRAN.
Received: 10 September 2014; Revised: 13 October 2014; Accepted: 14 November 2014; Available online: 1 December 2014
© 2015
AENSI PUBLISHER All rights reserved
ABSTRACT
The human is a social creature. The community consistency is based on discipline; and the full sample of this discipline will emerge
in the light of righteous government. There are pests that hamper this discipline, and lead the individual, community and government to
the decline. One of these pests is, Sedition. Today, less than society can be seen that is not engaged on this. The mean of Sedition , which
have several samples such as tests, infidelity, and retribution, is to "create havoc and chaos on society”, that his recognition that are carved
as signs on the stone is the most important social issues of each community . From the perspective of Nahjalbalaqeh, Sedition, when they
emerge, has characteristics also steps that are divided into the disagreement, conflicts of interests and clash. The Sedition has many origins
of individual, social and managerial which cause its emergence on society and must be managed. Therefore, this study in order to provide
a fit model with religious and cultural values instead of using non-conventional Western sources explored and analyzed the data in
analytical - descriptive methods the issue of Sedition, and it effects in the great book of Nahjalbalaqeh, so by contemplating about it,
extract and introduce appropriate management practices with the Sedition, to present the concept of adaptive word devilry in place, is
among the innovations of this research. The way of the Prophet (PBUH), is including the mental management and utilizing the power of
belief, thought, advice, analysis. That its result is the recognition of the roots, strengthen and securing the community against the Sedition.
The next is the stage of soft management means the use of delegation and negotiation, that its result is the Sedition , weakening and
problem, and finally the hard management i.e. the disclosure of the deal, which is as a result of the eradication of Sedition ,
Key words: Sedition, Nahjalbalaqeh, process, the Sedition management
INTRODUCTION
The Sedition is social and political phenomena
that cause a wave and turbulence for community and
at the same time, has the right and deceitful mood. It
can be said that the Sedition ,, is a political and
social trick that by mixing truth and falsehood and
hide falsehood in the shell, is programmed to
deceive and tempt people to achieve objectives .The
Sedition , comes, along with doubt, dispute,
Instability in the faith, not knowing friend and
enemy. The Sedition, on Nahj al-Balagha has a
sensual aspect like selfishness, it means that there
are people, who are self-driven, dictator, profitseeking and only benefits, strength and victory is
important for them, and also it has theoretical aspect,
it means changing the rules or distort. So on the
Sedition,, some people have theorized distortions of
thought and another one shed firewood for its
sensuality, and they pour oil on the theoretical
concepts with their sensuality. In other words; some
individuals cause to innovation and the concepts and
principles of change that to distort the principles and
fundamentals and a number of other previously
come to power. So it should be said that the Sedition,
starts from the theoretical concepts heterodox. To
create the Sedition, in the community, it must have
been planned for years. Several studies were
conducted about the target population.
Through the press, the media, novels, Textbooks
and non- textbooks and conducted activities and
most important of all, by creating doubts in the
acceptance of religious beliefs and values of the
target community, are trying to slowly weaken
religious sensibilities and values of the people. The
society aims to provide the context necessary to
overthrow the ruling system to achieve their goal
with minimal cost.
Considering that the book Nahjalbalaqeh as a
human happiness book has program for the dignity
of all human life particularly, issues and social
relations, now the problem is that: does
Nahjalbalaqeh have any solutions and answers for
recognition of Sedition , and works and ways to deal
with it? The general answer to these questions is
predetermined, however, extracting this content,
Corresponding Author: Moslem Amini Nejad, 1Farhangian university, Tehran, IRAN
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Moslem Amini Nejad et al, 2015 /Journal Of Applied Sciences Research 11(1), January, Pages: 47-55
means the meaning and consequences of the
Sedition, and its prevention method, manage and
deal with it in the community, needs to research,
determine and discussing. Of course, if the aspects of
Sedition , are explained by conscious scholars,
before they occur, and this explanation leads to the
awareness of communities, the Sedition , seekers
will not find a way to penetrate the hearts of the
people and their deviations, the literal application of
the Sedition , in the Quran and Nahjalbalaqeh: In the
first part ,we have studied The word of Sedition ,
from the philological point of view and we have
been familiar with lexical meaning and evolution of
the meaning of this word from their perspective. But
in this section, it is worth for clarifying the term
Sedition, various literally applications in the Quran
and Nahj-Balaghah, to provide through appropriate
categories as comparative study.
Examining and testing:
The means of developing and testing is among
the meaning of the word Sedition which is very
useful. Quran knows the word Sedition on the stand
trial in a historical tradition, certain and
exceptionalness of God and expands it to the efforts
of the nation. Everyone, every nation and every
society are tested.
َ‫ب النَّاشُ أَ ْن یُ ْح َر ُکوا أَ ْن یَقُولُوْ ا آ َمنّا َو هُ ْم الیُ ْفحَنُون‬
َ ‫أَ َح ِط‬
Most commentators, including Tabarsi, have
meant the Sedition, in this verse to "examine".
Tabarsi knows “Sedition “to being test that means
that patience and perseverance and the inner man
faith will be revealed and sincere from non-sincere,
firmness in Faith and anxious and weak faith, to be
determined. Tabari, Known means it tribulation and
testing that truth humans can be recognized from the
lier. Other interpretations, such as "Altyban", "Roz
Jinan", "jemh al-Lahkam of Quran” "al-kashaf",
"Alder-almnsor" and "Al -Mizan “ have pointed out
to this sense (testing).so by attending at the verse and
its interpretation, It is known that the test reason ,is
identify the good from the bad, the true from the
trick-work. Where God says:
ْ ُ َ َ َ‫َعَبَ عَ َ َّی ُ الَّ ِ یی‬
َ‫وا و لَبَ عَ َ َّی اللا ِا بی‬
Surly, God knows who tell the truth and who tell lie.
We have seen in the lexical meaning of Sedition
that they have put gold in fire to divorce gross and
net. Here, the men have been testing to:
First, determine the truth of his words and in
fact God examinations is revealing the face of
claimers and God with facing them to the various
issues, leads them to a reaction that the depth of their
faith and truth will be known and this is a revelation
of God's test.
Second, in facing with difficulties and
bottlenecks and complexity (famine, etc.), the human
is being more aware and their faith impurities were
found, and remedy and rectify them. And use the
calculation of these tests for self-esteem and
perfectionism. Of course, on many other verses, the
word Sedition, means "test, and examination" is
used. To discuss interpretation and revelation is a
place of contemplation; because each of these cases,
that means testing or their testing tools, is occurring
undoubtedly in living of creatures and familiarity
with them may lead to success in exams and tests
that indeed, they are the 'Sedition (test) of God” and
by particular wisdom are intrusive. In these cases,
that the Sedition is used as test in the Qur'an, there is
interestingly case, that God introduces the water as
Sedition.
»‫« َ َ ْضقَ ْبنَاهُ ْم َّما ًءا َ َ ا ًء» «لِّنَ ِ ْ جنَ ُ ْم ِب ِی‬
We taste them a plenty of fresh water so in which we
have tested them.
Sedition with 20 used species in the Quran is
repeated 60 times and less than a quarter of them are
specifically meant to test. When Sedition means trial
and sometimes as test tool is used. It is said to what
are the means and instruments for "Sedition ", In
other words, what God test human with it. Means of
dealing with different conditions and tools so his
reaction to be measured- The Sedition tool - it is
defined on three things:
1-2 possessions and children:
‫َ ِا ْن َ ُ اَ ْ ٌهر َا ِ ب ٌهم‬
ْ ُ َ‫َوا ْاع‬
‫وا اَ َّ َ ا أَ ْموالُ ُل ْم َو اَوْ ال ُال ُک ْم ِ ْحنَیٌه َو أَ َّن‬
And know that your possessions and your
children are a test, and that with Allah is immense
reward. Al-Anfal-verses 28Tabarsi consider the term Sedition in the above
verse, a means and instruments for being tested and
writes: God is testing you with possessions and
children to examine human about how keeping their
rules about God. Or do some work with that, which
is deserved the punishment or reward. So do not
have avidity for gathering possessions and do not
prefer them on eternal rest. The end of this verse
(and that with Allah is immense reward) shows that
possessions and children are strong ties which their
dependence must be up to a duty limitation.
Imam Ali (A.s) states in different parts of
Nahjol-balagheh to the test with possessions and
children
‫ َو‬، ِ ‫ال جَ ْ حَبِروا الرِّضی َو الط ُّْخظَ ِ ْال ا ِل َو ْال َولَ ِ َ ْالًء ِ َ وا ِعِ ْالفِ ْحنَ ِة‬
‫ار‬
ِ ْ‫بار ِی َمو‬
ِ ْ ‫ض ِع ْال ِغنَی َو‬
ِ ِ‫اإل ْح‬
ِ ِ‫ا ِإل ْخح‬
So, do not consider your possessions and
children the reason for Gods pleasant or not, since
the sign of lack of awareness to testing cases is on
needless and authority of god.
Imam Ali as well as repeatedly discussed this
fact and try to draw a variety of test scenes, and has
introduced testing factors of the Muslim community
after the Prophet Muhammad PBUH & HP. Imam
Ali said:
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Moslem Amini Nejad et al, 2015 /Journal Of Applied Sciences Research 11(1), January, Pages: 47-55
When Allah, the Glorified sent down the verse:
What! Do people imagine that they will be let
off on (their) saying: "We believe!" and they will not
be tried? (Qur'an, 29:1-2)
So I said, "O Prophet of Allah, what is this
disturbance of which Allah, the Sublime, has
informed you?"."
Then he said: "O `Ali, people will fall into
mischief through their wealth, will show obligation
to Allah on account of their faith, will expect His
mercy, will feel safe from His anger and regard His
unlawful matters as lawful by raising false doubts
and by their misguiding desires. They will then hold
lawful (the use of) wine by calling it barley water, a
bribe by calling it a gift, and taking of usurious
interest by calling it sale." I said, "O Prophet of
Allah, how should I deal with them at the time,
whether to hold them to have gone back in heresy or
just in revolt." He said, "In revolt."
Imam Ali Elsewhere expresses the necessity and
philosophy of divine tests and refers to testing tool
that are possessions and children, as stated:
Amir al-mu'minin, peace be upon him, said:
None of you should say, "O Allah, I seek Your
protection from trouble" because there is no one who
is not involved in trouble, but whoever seeks Allah's
protection he should seek it from misguiding
troubles, because Allah, the Glorified, says: And
know you that your wealth and your children are a
temptation!. (Qur'an, 8:28) and its meaning is that
He tries people with wealth and progeny in order to
distinguish one who is displeased with his livelihood
from the one who is happy with what he has been
given. Even though Allah, the Glorified, knows them
more than they know themselves yet He does so to
let them perform actions with which they earn
reward or punishment because some of them like to
have male (children) and dislike to have female
(children), and some like to amass wealth, and
dislike adversity.
In describing of Imam Ali words, reads:
Testing is a test whether it should be seekers of
God, because it is including possessions and the
children, since God tested his servants with those
two cases, In case if a servant respect the Lord
commanded and obey a divine command, is not a
good place for seeking to God. But a test which
should be helped by God is that test which mislead
from the Gods way, as someone who has possessions
and children, remove him from the path of justice.
And he would spend his possessions and in the way
of sensualizing.
Imam Ali (PBUH) in other words, so beautiful states
testing and its philosophy:
‫ َو َم ْفحُو ٍن ِ ُح ْط ِی‬،‫رور ِال َّط ْح ِر َاعَ ْب ِی‬
ِْ ِ ‫ج‬
ٍ ‫اإلحْ طا ِن ئِلَ ْب ِی َو َم ْغ‬
ٍ ‫َک ْم ِم ْی ُم ْطحَ ْ َر‬
.ُ‫ْالقَو ِل ِب ِی َو ما ْحعَی ُ أَ َح اًء ِ ِ ْ ِ ْاإلمال ِا لَی‬
There are many people who are given time (by
Allah) through good treatment towards them, and
many who are deceived because their sinful
activities are veiled (by Allah), and many who are
enamored by good talk about themselves. And Allah
does not try anyone as seriously as He tries him
whom He allows time (to remain sinful).
Imam Ali in this Hadith, consider Sedition tools
as the four blessings and warns them all: 1 goodness and charity with all the blessings of His
servant. It may lead to suffer. 2- Covering
disobedience and sin. Perhaps leads to his pride and
arrogance toward God. 3 -Hi-telling and praising of
the people towards him may leads to corruption and
arrogance.4- Delaying the deadline for giving him
the opportunity. That is the greatest gift that man is
tested with it.
2-2 Good and Evil:
َ‫ت َو َ ْبعُ َو ُکم ِ ْال َّش ِّر َو ْال َخب ِْر ِ ْحنَۀًء َو ئِلَ ْبنَا جُرْ َ ُون‬
ِ ‫ص َاائِقَۀُ ْال َ و‬
ٍ ‫ُک ُّ َ ْف‬
Every soul must taste of death and we try you
by evil and good by way of probation; and to us you
shall be brought back.
Allameh Tabatabaie write for the interpretation
of “we try you by evil and good by way of
probation; it mean that we test you with what you
don’t like such as illness, poverty and etc., and what
you like it like health, possessions, and like that.
Perhaps he is saying each one of you is alive to a
certain date and meanwhile you are tested with
different goodness and evil.
Of course refer to Helei(=the maximum avidity)
as the first reason which make human to neglect God
remembrance and to gather possessions ,and
finally make to have eternal evil(fire).
Where it is stated:
‫ق هَعُواا ًء ئِ ْاا َم َّطیُ ال َّشرُّ َ ُسواا ًء َو ئِ َاا َم َّطیُ ْال َخ ْب َر َمنُواا ًء‬
َ ِ‫أِ َّن ا ْ ِ ْطانَ ُخع‬
. َ‫ئِ ّال ْال ُ َ عِّبی‬
Surely man is created of a hasty temperament,
being greatly grieved when evil afflicts him, and
niggardly when good befalls him, except those who
pray,
So human is facing good and bad events, and
appear his real character in facing them, on Evil
events all of the conditions and events mislead him
and the Eblis trying is to fraud him, and when he is
facing good events, he is tested in order that whether
he is going out of justice path by obtaining winning
or he will remain on maintaining Islam? So Muslim
must only consider God on his path .Imam Ali
(PBUH) refer to Sedition by this concept and knows
Good and Evil as a tool for testing.
It has been said that once that Imam Ali (PBUH)
was ill .their companion and friends went to his
meeting, they asked: O Amir -al mumenin, how are
you? He said: it’s evil. They said: your words are not
suitable. He said:
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Moslem Amini Nejad et al, 2015 /Journal Of Applied Sciences Research 11(1), January, Pages: 47-55
God is saying: and we try you by evil and good
by way of probation; so the good is health and
possessions and the evil is illness and poverty.
Imam Ali (A.S) expressed this process very well
that their description is respectively as follows:
2-3 peoples testing with each other:
3-1- Differences in thought:
The first and easiest step on Sedition process, is
wide dispersion of opinion and the difference
between two individuals or social groups towards to
one another and understanding the difference that, i
am a person with specific thoughts, ideas and
demands, and other individual with the others
thoughts; the difference between self-perception and
understanding from another. So to differentiate
between self and other on the baseless thoughts and
desires, and lack of public awareness and
understanding and the lack of unity of purpose, is a
starting point for conflict and Sedition. Imam Ali's
focus this importance with different words.
For example, Imam Ali on a sermon expresses
the reason of Kofi failure in 1659, about the Ravages
incident, "Zhak bin Qais” After Hakmeyn story,
baseless and scattered thoughts and desires, lack of
unity of purpose, take no action, their loose behavior
that escape of defend and fight with unreasonable
excuses, They had no aware and had no collective
sense; because their bodies were with one another
but their spirit were scattered and each follow their
unfounded demands, If their thoughts was not
scattered and had unity of purpose, all were moving
in one direction. And if their spirits was uniting with
each other, they didn’t follow the disperse
imagination and temptations-of egoism. Where he
states:
َ‫ْض ِ ْحنَۀًء اَجُ ْب ِ روُن‬
َ ْ َ ‫َو َ َ ْعنَا‬
ٍ َ‫ض ُل ْم لِب‬
And we have made some of you a trial for others;
will you bear patiently?
ْ ُ‫ْض لِبَقُول‬
َ َ‫وا أ‬
‫هإال ِا َم َّی ُ َاعَ ْب ِ ْم ِم ْی َ ْبنَنَا‬
َ ْ َ ‫ک َحَنَّا‬
َ ِ‫َو َک ل‬
ٍ َ‫ض ُ ْم ِب‬
And thus do we try some of them by others so
that they say: Are these they upon whom Allah has
conferred benefit from among us?
The Owner of the "Jamie" interpretation in the
first verse interpretation writes:
We test some of you by means of others, to
determine the amount of patience and power,
patience and your desires.
And on the interpretation of the second verse, writes:
That is, we test rich with the wealth that we give
them to see how they behave poor and give their
necessary rights to them, how to get out of their
property and deserve to its owner and we also found
that how the poor patient in poverty and what they
endured at the hands of the rich to tell that God is
gracious to us and gave them possessions.
So by attending to the above can be said that
God, gives an advantage to some people in the
community by increasing financial authorities or by
piety and devotion. And this abundance and
excellence would be Sedition and other tests that
how they react; does they patient other extensions or
has impatience or in any way seek to achieve what
others have or because of jealousy or of the true
behave with sincere.
Imam Ali (A.S) states about it:
‫ َوأَ ُ ْحَحَیَ ِ َ ِّم َم ْی َمنَ ِ ی‬،‫َو أُ ْحَعَی ِ َح ْ ِ َم ْی أَ ْاطا ِی‬
I commend it to anyone with who has bestowed
upon me goodness, that I'm attracted to the one
blaming who kept his forgiveness of me.
In this chapter Imam (PBUH) prayed and
demands God that makes him needless and from
distress and accessories, it means he is sheltering to
God of asking people since needing to people avoid
him Of God remembrance and his worship. So he
wants God does not ashamed him on dealing with
poverty and make him proud on this experiment.
3. The Sedition process:
Since the inception of Sedition to the end, it
passes some stages. The Sedition genesis has been
likened to the birth of embryonic that first, is secretly
formed, suddenly born and when they came of age
and readiness, detect like dangerous whirlwind and
inflamed the society with their advent.
‫کَال ُم ُل ْم یُو ِهی ال ُّ َّم‬،‫ ال ُ خحَعِفَۀُ أَ ْهوا ُؤهُ ْم‬،‫ ْال ُ جحَ ِ َ ۀُ أ ْ ا ُ ُ ْم‬، ُ‫أیُّ ا النَّاش‬
ْ ‫ َو ِ ْ عُ ُلم ی‬، َ ‫ال َِّال‬
َ‫ َکبْث‬:‫ص‬
ِ ِ‫ُط ِ ُع ِب ُل ُم ا ْ ا ا َا! جَقُولُونَ ِی ْال َ جال‬
!‫ ِحب د َحبا ِال‬:‫ َاِاا ا َا ْالقِحا ُل ُعحُ ْم‬، َ‫َو َکبْث‬
O people, your bodies are together but your
desires are divergent. Your talk softens the hard
stones and your action attracts your enemy towards
you. You claim in your sittings that you would do
this and that, but when fighting approaches, you say
(to war), “turn thou away” (i.e. flee away).
So we can say that One of the most notorious
failures that lead the people in a society to the worth
situation; is the stage of difference of thoughts,
replacing the epic speech instead of making a will
and concrete action. It should be noted that Imam Ali
explicitly named this level of Sedition as the
"embryonic stage" and states:
‫ُور‬
ِ َ ‫َو جَ َبَّحُوا ِی‬
ِ ُ‫ وظ‬،‫وع َ نِبنِ ا‬
ِ ُ‫اج ْالفِ ْحنَ ِۀ ِا ْن َ طُع‬
ِ ‫ َوا ْا ِو‬،‫حام ال ِ ْش َو ِۀ‬
ْ
ُ
.‫ار َرحاها‬
‫م‬
‫و‬
،‫ا‬
‫ب‬
‫ط‬
‫ا‬
ِ
ِ‫ َوا ْح‬،‫َک ِ بنِ ا‬
َ
َ
ِ
ِ
And Keep steadfast in the darkness and
crookedness of mischief when it’s hidden nature
discloses itself, its secrets become manifest and its
axis and the pivot of its rotation gain strength.
The term « crookedness of mischief »Means to
appear Sedition on its non-common way .In other
51
Moslem Amini Nejad et al, 2015 /Journal Of Applied Sciences Research 11(1), January, Pages: 47-55
words, the emergence and transformation is
untimely. The word "fetus" may be on its real
concept.it means, when it appeared and what is
hidden for you will be evident. The sentences of «
discloses it » means when it’s hidden appear. The
purpose of the “the sedition polarity" is the unjust
and neck killers who create this intrigue and turmoil
and are the axis of the event. What is meant by
"appointment" is the rise of this group to set up the
sedition. And "circuit" is a metaphor for those who
this sedition mill revolves their existence around.
And they are the directors and military who are as
the mill axis and these rioting and chaos is due to
their efforts.
Imam (PBUH) in this part of the sermon, refers
to People from various stages of its formation and
quality and its various stages
In this term, the fetal is the metaphor of
Sedition that secretly grows, and as the fetus has
seen hide and one can order the appearance of it, that
is Boy or girl, healthy or incomplete, Sedition also in
the early stage due to Sedition creator excessive
caution and hiding, is unknown and has hidden
intentions and objectives that away from the eyes of
the people and strangers grew, and suddenly born.
And sometimes consider Sedition as a mill that
first, its hub and axle are made up and then mill
stone rotates. As historical experience has shown
that the sedition (Fitna) are really fetus, and have
communal process that is shaped by different things.
Satan (the devil) plans for his evil purpose and act
accordingly as long as the map not reached certain
stages of their growth, its purpose remains hidden.
The Sedition is strengthening slowly, as well as
fetus, travel to their homes one after another,
suddenly an explosion occurs and those within the
community will be appeared.
3-2. interests conflicts:
On the second stage of the Sedition process,
difference on the distribution of ideas and opinions,
leads to conflicts of interests with one another,
which the difference interest between the individual
and social groups relative to one another, leads to
tension and coldness between them but it did not
lead to conflict and confrontation. That some people
benefits a lot of fragmentation and conflicts of
interests created by the community, and employ all
attempts to avoid any union of the goals and ideals
of the people.so they can always fish in muddy
waters, and use this difference on intentions and
interests to achieve the best of their own corrupt and
vicious intentions.
Imam Ali in different parts of nahjol-balagheh
very well described and interpreted this subject. And
those who would benefit from the creation of
interests conflicts and in this way are trying to divide
the community are called hypocrites. And expresses
the Portrait of hypocrites and objectives in the
sermon in order to get people awareness in dealing
with them:
I advise you, O creatures of Allah, to fear Allah
and I warn you of the hypocrites, because they are
themselves misguided and misguide others, and they
have slipped and make others slip too. They change
into many colors, and adopt various ways. Their
heart is sick and their appearance is decent…they
move from detours, their words are treatment but
their behavior is with no treatment, they add on the
people Disasters .They have adopted for every truth
a wrong way, for every erect thing a bender, for
every living being a killer, for every (closed) door a
key and for every night a lamp. They covet, but with
despair, in order to maintain with it their markets,
and to popularize their handsome merchandise.
When they speak they create doubts.
The hypocrites, either they are misleading or to
instill doubts wrong and false statements, to mislead
others. At this stage of the Sedition process is due to
vicious purposes and corrupt intentions, their
circumstances are constantly changing, and their
speech and behavior; in terms of variety and good
intentions and their destinations is transforming. And
has to face and deal with everyone and separate
language. They cover their actions and practical
language for different purposes and goals and are
doing incomprehensible and other information to
deceive the public. They provides a means to take
away any right and make a key to every tricky door
and for all the trouble have an opinion like the
gimmick of 'Umar bin Aas” on Safin war that there
was no way other than this gimmick. Hypocrites
know how take step and pave their way to advance
their own evil purposes and tricks. Thus, interests
conflicts; is the second stage of the Sedition process
that Quoting Imam Ali (PBUH) hypocrites are
benefited it and confiscate stressful conditions of
community to their advantage.
Imam Ali named this level from the sedition s as "the
birth and growth” and states:
ُ
‫ َو‬،‫الم‬
ِ ‫ ِشبا ُ ا َک ِشبا ِ ال ُغ‬.‫وجَإو ُل ئِلی َ َا َا ٍۀ َ عِبَّ ٍۀ‬،‫ار َج َخفِبَّ ٍۀ‬
ِ ‫جَ ْب َأ ی َم‬
َ
!‫ِّالم‬
‫ط‬
‫ال‬
‫آار‬
‫ک‬
‫ُها‬
‫ر‬
‫آآا‬
ِ
ِ
Sedition that is clear, among the missing tracks
and lead to ugliness and disgrace, its starting is as
youthful period strong and beautiful, and its effect is
as hard rock debris, is lasting and ugly.
The purpose of the "degree" is the heart of
Sedition seekers who are trying to provoke chaos
and have good foot. The mean of « Sedition that is
clear, among the missing tracks » is Moavieh, Talha
and Zubair and others like them, who hides their
intensions and cover their determination to create
intrigue and greed to reign and rule so that their
greed creates events to reveal what was hidden. The
term« ‫“ »شبا‬youth" as a metaphor for resurrection
and appearance of sedition among the people is
brought, i.e. The manifestation of sedition is on
52
Moslem Amini Nejad et al, 2015 /Journal Of Applied Sciences Research 11(1), January, Pages: 47-55
speed ahead and do not look like a young and like a
child who his strengths starts soon after weaknesses
and began the young period. Sedition with the speed
and acceleration, which are like a rock hitting a
profound effect on the skin, it leaves' and causes
breakage and destruction of the body is being
crushed; have Great impact on the destruction of
Islam and its elimination and thereby cut the affairs
of Muslims.
In these words, Imam Ali (A.S (express other signs of
the formation and the Sedition and-states:
The sedition began to move little by little of the
latent stage, and finally, is detected dangerously.
Their growth is as youth development, fast and their
effects on the body of society are like stone
monuments that, is entered on the human body.
It appears that Imam (PBUH) meaning of the
sedition is the Umayyads sedition , and passes its
communal period and since Othman was emerged
and during the rule of Muawiyah and Yazid and
Marwan Abdul Malik reached its peak and so it was
an obvious Sedition that the scandal was brought and
on the pulpit, began to curse and swear words
against Imam Ali and blows to the body of Islam
arrived in the area, was such blows that occur in a
terrible earthquake by the collapse of the mountains
and rocks to fall on the settlements.
So when Sedition was born, were in the lap of
his mother (Sedition makers), grows and the person
or persons will guide it. And as a mother who is
breastfeeding her child, make it great, the Sedition,
without organization and leadership; dies when it
was born and will not go anywhere. And then will
grow very fast
as a child and after youth
development, as a result of hard rocks, so dangerous
threat society and leave its ugly effects on the heart
and thoughts.
3-3. Clash:
Resistance and counter is the last stage of the
Sedition process that are implemented and includes
seriously, decisive and overwhelming with
conflicting and breaking down Sedition barriers in
order to create peace and unity among the
community. Imam (PBUH) command major issued
to destroy the Sedition on resistance against enemy
so the right will be won. In the final stage of the
Sedition process, interest’s conflicts can lead to
serious confrontations. Imam Ali practical manner in
dealing with Sedition makers, mean the Nakesyn,
Qasetyn and Mareqyn was the confrontation and
Clash finally, and to break sedition barriers so that
no one else, was able to deal and struggle with
Sedition; However, materialistic pacifism and
patriotism was led to be no effective to Face with
Sedition in its early stages, and the latest medical
treatment for them was the same, to make hot.
For example, Imam Ali in "Laylat –allahr" Or
the first day of Siffin war delivered a sermon on the
principles and techniques of war and righteous Jihad,
in the first, the attacks in the heart of the enemy;
Techniques such as sequential and blitz and attack
from all sides and hit the enemy from the left and
right, the close distance to the edge of a sharp sword
to strike the enemy, so will be weak and fragmented
and then it would Stand firm against the enemy
,resist hard to win the right and the False Face Mask
forget them. Historically, when Imam Ali (PBUH)
during the War of Siffin invites his companions to a
final and decisive move, troops attack army so that,
all ranks were unraveled and defensive lines has
collapsed one after the other. And finally, with the
fraud of Amro ibn Aas was led to raise the Quran. So
the severe deal was, the last Stage of the Sedition
process; although each judge-sane that the first Stage
is the best Stage of the facing with Sedition; the
stage where it becomes a barrier to entry to higher in
avoiding the initial stage of development of the
Sedition before and sedition was destroyed in the
bud, and personal and social capital are not at risk.
Imam Ali (A.S) considers this stage of sedition as its
“end” and states:
َ‫ َبَحَسایَعُون‬،‫ َو ْالقائِ ُ ِمیَ ْال َ قُو ِال‬،ِ‫َو ا َْی َعِب ٍ یَحَبَرَّأُالحَّا ِ ُع ِمیَ ال َ حبُوع‬
.‫ َویحَال َانُونَ ِا ْن ُ العِّقَا ِا‬،‫ضا ِا‬
َ ‫ِ ْالبَ ْغ‬
But after a short time they hate each other; the
followers of leaders and the leaders of followers and
for his feud with each other are dispersed, and every
time they encounter, they curse each one.
The sequel of sedition is defeat and disgrace.
Sermon of Imam (PBUH), by alluding to the
motivated autocratic Sedition seekers that is the
same searching to gain the upper hand, refer to the
future and destiny in the short term,
And he says that that mislead people and back
away from the straight path and were straying
leaders are loath to followers and followers, too,
seek self-loathing from leaders and are finally
separated by grudges and when they meet (in this
world or in the hereafter) curse each another.
Some have said, it means the same to dislike on the
Day of Judgment. As the God-Almighty said:
ْ َ َّ‫ْئا جَبَرَّأَ الَّ ِ ییَ ْاجُّبِ ُوا ِمیَ الَّ ِ ییَ اجَّبَ ُإا َو َرأَ ُوا ْال َ ا َ و جَقَط‬
‫ث ِ ِ ُم‬
ُ ‫ا ْ َ ْضبَا‬
(On the day), when those who were followed
disown those who followed (them), and they behold
the doom, and all their aims collapse with them.
From the remembered words of Imam (PBUH)
it is well used that oppressors and sedition secularist
have features, including:
1-to use the excuses and sedition to advance its
goals, as Umayya community use the story of
Uthman's blood-seeking.
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Moslem Amini Nejad et al, 2015 /Journal Of Applied Sciences Research 11(1), January, Pages: 47-55
2 -coordination drawings at the beginning and
coherence in Sedition -ridden and malicious
programs.
3-intense competition to win as if they were dogs
and are fallen on the carcase and each is trying to
kidnap each other.
4- Finally, each one curses another and takes the
responsibility of sin to the others. This is the third
stage of Sedition and quoted by Imam (PBUH) is the
end and sequence of Sedition.
3-4. Chart of Sedition process steps:
We see that Circle area of Sedition in the first
stage, is smaller, and has been better controlled. In
the absence of prevention and control, in later stages,
the sedition, is broadened. So that it’s circle take all
of the community. And furthermore, Sedition
management will be more difficult. When managed
properly, it is necessary that Sedition in the bud will
be choked to avoid the corrosive effects.
4. The process effects of Sedition:
Imam Ali on many parts has described the devil
effects of Sedition processes. Sedition those are
destructive and powerful enough in the words of
Imam Ali (A.S) “are carved on a rock-hard like a
sign and its deleterious effects will not be removed
of society for longs” Understanding the causes of
Sedition will lead to more comprehensive
interpretation of the issue. Without any doubts the
sedition issue should not be considered as a threat
but Sedition can be an opportunity to Islamic
society. In the words of Rumi, we can be red face
(proud) by Sedition seeker it can be no effective
“sedition was like a measure that shows someone
proud and others as with no mean. Everything
depends on the type of our encountering with
sedition. So here we discuss the Sedition from the
two parts of "threats" and "opportunities".
4-1. Threats:
Some effects of Sedition threats include:
4-1-1. Anxiety:
Imam Ali's over the other Sermon, said about the
other effects of Sedition, where he states:
‫ُوف‬
‫ک طالِ ُع ْالفِ ْحنَ ِۀ ال َّر‬
َ ِ‫آُ َّم یَأْجِی َ ْ َ ال‬
ِ
Then after this there will appear another arouser
of mischief
A «‫ »الفحنی طالع‬mean the premises and early of
Sedition. The word «‫ »ر وف‬is derived from the
substance « ‫ »ر‬that is meant to reduce anxiety. So
the rumors and frightening events that highly up the
anxious are called "Gossip "(Arajif). This word of
Imam refers to this that; this is one of the effects of
sedition; which anxious hearts and distracts the rest
of the community.
4.1.2. The people overwhelming and devastating:
Imam Ali states:
‫ُوف‬
ِ ‫َو ْالقا ِ َ ِۀ ال َّسح‬
Who will destroy ruined things?
The term «‫»القا ۀ‬means breaking with the
intensity and the irony is that sedition will destroy
many people; and the word «‫»زحوف‬means heavy
walking and is also called to the mass army. And
here refers to the sedition seekers that attack to
people and create an atmosphere of fear. Amir almumenin knows the sedition s do devastating that as
a result of the invasion; "the health people become
sick, and house holders will travel"
»‫ َوظا ِانُ ا ُمقبِ ٌهم‬،‫« َ ِریُّ ا َضقِب ٌهم‬
The meaning of “innocent" is the person who
believes in the conspiracy, they will be properly and
not tainted by sin; While this is not true, and this just
is not working and healthy, It appears that in such
extended sedition , the number of people who are not
tainted by sin is very little, also less than less. And
maybe if it will be searched such people will not be
found, The meaning of «‫»ظاای‬means migrator who
believes is moved from this sedition and does not
participate on it, while it is not true. And it is clear
that he is not far removed from the sedition. So it
follows that, the sedition is so destructive and
devastating effect that all are disabling; as well as
those who consider are removed from sedition
damage and even those who think they can escape it.
The sedition robs the Security and safety of the
community and creates certainly a lot of material and
moral damages in the community and this is another
characteristic of sedition.
4-1-3. the slipper of hearts:
‫َح َِسی ُغ ُعُو ٌه َ ْ َ ا ْضحِقا َم ٍۀ‬
The heart will become wavering after being
normal
Then the Imam Ali (PBUH) at the continuation
of speaking, consider another effect for Sedition and
states: In the Sedition of time, Hearts of those who
walk in God's way, have been perversity and
perversion and are stopped of the right path, since
the Sedition basically, spread the seeds of doubt in
hearts and this, led to slip their hearts.
4-1-4. misleading the people:
.‫ض ُّ ِر ا ٌهل َ ْ َ َضال َم ٍۀ‬
ِ َ‫َو ج‬
And men will be misled after safety
According to the point view of Imam Ali, on the
Sedition process, Men who have faith health are
misled and in recognition of right and wrong have
severe doubts and by committing sins, suffer eternal
destruction. As an example, on the Battle of Jamal
(the Camel) "Rabi ibn Khosym" one of the Shia and
companions of Imam Ali (PBUH) said: "Or Amir!
We have doubts about the war. We fear this war will
not be a legitimate. “He said: "Why?" He said: "I
54
Moslem Amini Nejad et al, 2015 /Journal Of Applied Sciences Research 11(1), January, Pages: 47-55
have to fight with the people of Mecca; Fight with
people who said credo and prayed like us. O Amir!
Please leave me a duty now that I do not doubt it.
Send me to a mission where there is not a doubt. “He
also admitted that sent him to one of the border, If
war broke out, they are enemies of the infidels and
polytheists. So one of the principal effects of
Sedition, is its misleading, And basically the essence
and nature of the conspiracy is associated to mislead
and the error development. And on the Sedition
process most people and even, the especial people of
the society their ideas is healthy, are misleading and
in recognition of right and wrong are having doubts.
Conclusion:
The Sedition, considering it necessary, has been
used about social unrest. And Imam Ali, states it as a
trick; that is trying to deceive the people, and trying
to achieve a social or political purpose. The Sedition,
on its infancy, forms as intangible and subtle and no
character is apparent. But later, has some
peculiarities; But this result is that by any clothing,
right and wrong are mixed in with each other. The
Sedition , has steps that started the different thoughts
and ideas in the overall level and leads to conflicts of
interests, and eventually led to the outbreak of war
and the brutal treatment, so the best time to deal with
it, is at the first stage, when the scope was not vast
conspiracy and with minimal time and cost, We can
eliminate the possibility of spreading it to others and
society, obviously, whatever the aspects of Sedition
is leading to clash, its managing is more difficult and
its effects will be more devastating. What is also
apparent in the practical tradition of Imam Ali was to
avoid conflict as much as possible.so by this means,
resolve trouble with the less time, cost and less
energy and prevent the spread of flames. To identify
root causes and predisposing factors for Sedition and
the acquisition of knowledge from religious
literature, is necessary for Sedition management.
According to Nahj ol balaghe, prevalence and
expand of Sedition is due to being sensual, secularist
and the religious heresy, There are no limits of time
and space and any person in any place can be
influenced by these factors, a founder of Sedition in
the community, especially sensuality, that is a source
of Sedition and misleading at the community level,
However, social and governance factors should not
be taken lightly. Various sedition deleterious effects
do not have any result other than the weakness of the
Muslim community, Create division and discord in
their ranks, and also humiliation and ignominy of
government and the Muslim community against the
enemies of religion. As in the Islamic awakening, in
some countries unfortunately, we are witnessing this
deviation. Of course, the opportunities afforded by
Sedition not established the negative consequences.
Management of Sedition in the Practical tradition of
Imam Ali has three stages, mental, soft and hard.
What is evident in this tradition is the integrating of
faith and reason in the face of problems. So
following the practices of the infallible Imam on
Sedition management, should:
First: Before proceeding, the force of thinking,
thought, advice and issues analysis must be used. So
take the first great step in order to better identify the
root causes, significant risk factors for Sedition, and
to strengthen and secure the community against it.
Dismissed as insignificant, the differences, lead to
conflict of interest and conflict-that it is far more
difficult than managing intellectual differences.
Secondly, the authority must be used; because
on the one hand provide it to solve the problem and
on the other hand, is going to the range of other
things.
Third: talk or direct negotiate with the
temptation, describe the consequences of fueling the
unrest, for them and society, before entering the
difficult stage. And by utilizing information from the
subjective stages, it help to weaken as much the
Sedition and how best to resolve it. What is extracted
from nahj ol balaqh is that in Islam, for Sedition
management, first, the "flexibility and compromise"
is stressed and then according to the circumstances
of time and place, we start to "deal". So the first
principle in Islam, which has been stressed a lot to
manage Sedition, is the "Unity” that it is necessary
to raise the level of religious belief, faith and unity
of the people, and using the force of reason and
wisdom on existed issues and situations. And on
social conditions, unity is the best way to «avoid
provocation at different stages" that will prevent the
incidence of Sedition, division and even differences
of opinion. The second principle is the, "Treatment
of Sedition ", which many ways to this important is
recommended, but "reconciliation and reform the
relationship between the individual and the social
link» can solve a Sedition, or redirect for social
purposes and so, it is treated; otherwise dealing and
Jihadi facing is the last treatment, And this is when,
damaging and degenerative effects of sedition led
society to corrupt, and community to the devastating
conflict.
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