ENGI NEERI NG PASSTHROUGHDI STI L L ATI ON,ANEW PL AYERI N SEPARATI ON TECHNOL OGY EFFI CI ENTCOMBI NATI ON OFDI STI L L ATI ON AND ABSORPTI ON D i s t i l l at i onr emai nst hemos tus eds epar at i ont echnol ogyi nt hechemi cali ndus t r y , i ns pi t eofi t sl ar geener gydemandscaus edbyl ow t her modynami cef f i ci ency . Pas s t hr oughdi s t i l l at i on( PTD)i sanemer gi nghybr i ds epar at i ont echnol ogyt hat ef f i ci ent l ycombi nesdi s t i l l at i onwi t habs or pt i on.Thebas i ci deaofPTDi nvol vest he decoupl i ngoft heevapor at i onandcondens at i ons t epsofadi s t i l l at i onpr oces s ,by meansofanabs or pt i ondes or pt i onl oopt hatpas s est hr ought hecomponentt obe s epar at edandt husal l owst heus eofdi f f er entpr es s ur esandt ypesofheat i ng/ cool i ngut i l i t i es .I t smai nappl i cat i onsar ei nar easwher econvent i onaldi s t i l l at i on doesnotwor k,andot hermet hodsar eei t hert oocos t l yorpr onet of oul i ng. Ant onA.Ki s s ,AkzoNobel–Suppl yChai n,Res ear ch&Devel opment I anR.McGr egor ,Chr i sH.Bel cher s ,Dr ys t i l lHol di ngsI nc St evenFur l ong,Fi el di ngChemi calT echnol ogi esI nc Fi g1:Wor k i ngpr i nc i pl eof pas s t hr oughdi s t i l l at i on( PT D) : t heev apor at i onandc ondens at i ons t epsar edec oupl ed t oal l ow oper at i onatdi f f er entpr es s ur es ,by us i nganabs or pt i on/des or pt i onl oopt hat pas s est hr ought hec omponentt ober emov ed ( wat eri nt hi sc as e) PROBL E M ST AT E ME NT I nc on v en t i on aldi s t i l l at i on ,ev apor at i onan d c on den s at i onar ec ar r i edou tatt h es ame oper at i n gpr es s u r e.Cl ear l y ,t h es el ec t i onof pr es s u r ei ndi s t i l l at i oni saf u n damen t als t epi n t h edes i gn ,ast h epr es s u r ewi l ls etbot ht h e boi l i n gan dc on den s at i ont emper at u r es ,an d t h er ebyt h et y peofh eat i n gan dc ool i n g u t i l i t i esr equ i r ed.P r ef er abl y ,t h eev apor at i on t emper at u r es h ou l dbel owert h ant h atofh i gh pr es s u r es t eam,an dt h ec on den s at i on t emper at u r es h ou l dbeh i gh ert h ant h atof c ool i n gwat er .Howev er ,s et t i n gon epr es s u r e t os at i s f yt wot emper at u r ec on s t r ai n t si sn ot al way spos s i bl e,f ori n s t an c ei nv ac u u m di s t i l l at i on ,wh i c hi sof t enu s edt os epar at e h eat s en s i t i v emat er i al s .Her et h epr obl em i s t h atl ower i n gt h epr es s u r eal s or es u l t si nl ow c on den s at i ont emper at u r es ,r equ i r i n gex pens i v er ef r i ger at i onu t i l i t i esi n s t eadofc h eap c ool i n gwat er .T h i si s s u ec anbes ol v edc on v en i en t l ybypas s t h r ou ghdi s t i l l at i onwh i c h 1 6NPTPr o c e s t e c h n o l o g i e4•D e c e mb e r 2 0 1 4 c ombi n esdi s t i l l at i onwi t han abs or pt i on des or pt i onl oopt h at bas i c al l ydec ou pl est h eev apor at i onan dc on den s at i ons t eps .T h e ev apor at orpr es s u r ec ann ow bes u f f i c i en t l y l ow t oal l ow boi l i n gatbel ow 30° C,wh i l e t h ec on den s erpr es s u r ei sh i ghen ou ght o al l ow c on den s at i onatabov e50° Cu s i n g c on v en t i on alu t i l i t i es . P ASST HROUGHDI ST I L L AT I ON R emar k abl y ,t h eev apor at i onan dabs or pt i on oper at i on sc anbef u l l yi n t egr at edi n t oas i n gl e u n i t ,k n ownass t r i ppi n gabs or pt i onmodu l e ( SAM) ,s h owns c h emat i c al l yi nFi g2–wh i c h u s esh eat pi pest ot r an s f ert h eh eatr el eas ed byabs or pt i oni n s i t ut ot h eev apor at i ons ec t i on oft h eu n i t .Fi g3r en der st h eSAM equ i pmen t an dt h eh eat pi pei n t er n al s .Not et h atas i mi l ar s et u pc anal s obeu s edf orh y br i dper v apor at i on abs or pt i ons y s t emss u i t abl ef ordeh y dr at i onofor gan i cc ompou n ds . T h emai nadv an t agesofpas s t h r ou ghdi s t i l l at i onar eappl i c abi l i t yt oh eat s en s i t i v emat er i al s ,l ow oper at i n gc os t sbyav oi di n gex pens i v er ef r i ger at i onu t i l i t i es ,s i mi l arorl ower en er gyr equ i r emen t sc ompar edt odi s t i l l at i on , an dl ow c api t alc os t sdu et os mal l erequ i pmen ts i z ec ompar edt ov ac u u m di s t i l l at i ont ec h n ol ogi es .A pot en t i all i mi t at i on , T h ewor k i n gpr i n c i pl eofpas s t h r ou gh di s t i l l at i on( P T D)i si l l u s t r at edi n Fi g1.Ev apor at i onan dc onden s at i onc ant ak epl ac eat di f f er en tpr es s u r esbyu s i n gan abs or pt i on des or pt i onl oop. Wh enwat ermu s tber emov ed,ac on c ent r at edL i Brs ol u t i oni su s edash y gr os c opi c wor k i n gf l u i d.T h i sbr i n eabs or bst h ewat er v aporc omi n gf r om t h eev apor at orwh er et h e s at u r at edf eedi sev apor at edatl ow pr es s u r e. T h edi l u t edwor k i n gf l u i di spu mpedt ot h e des or ber ,wh er et h epas s edt h r ou ghc ompon en t( wat er )i sev apor at edatah i gh erpr es s u r e Fi g2:St r i ppi ng( u s i n gex t er n alh eat )an dt h enc onden s ed abs or pt i onmodul e u s i n gr egu l arc ool i n gwat er .En er gys av i n gs ( SAM)c ombi ni ngt he ar eal s opos s i bl es i n c et h eh eatofabs or pt i on ev apor at i onandabs or pt i ons t epsi nt oas i ngl eef f i c i ent c anber eu s edf ort h eev apor at i ons t epan d uni t( s eewww. pas s t hr ou ghdi s t i l l at i on. com f ordet ai l ed t h edes or berc anber epl ac edbymu l t i ef f ec t expl anat i ons ) di s t i l l at i on( MED) . n p t . p mg . n l ENGI NEERI NG s en s i t i v emat er i al s ,pu r i f i c at i onofph ar mac eu t i c alpr odu c t s ,et c .P as s t h r ou ghdi s t i l l at i onc an al s obec ou pl edwi t hMEDt oof f err edu c ed en er gyr equ i r emen t san dl ow boi l u pt emper at u r es i mu l t an eou s l y ,t h u sbei n gu s ef u lf or s ev er alc l as s esofappl i c at i on s : •I tmak esMEDpos s i bl ef ordi s t i l l at i on swh er e r ef r i ger at edc on den s er sar en ow u s ed. Fi g3:St r i ppi ngabs or pt i onmodul e, •I tc ani mpr ov ec on s i s t en c yi npr odu c tqu al i t y r ender i ngofequi pmentandi nt er nal sdes i gnedbyDr ys t i l l f ors i n gl eef f ec tdi s t i l l at i on st h atdon otu s e r ef r i ger at i on ,bu tar eper i odi c al l yaf f ec t edby t h er maldegr adat i onofc h emi c al s . •I tc anel i mi n at ef ou l i n goft h eh eat i n gs u r f ac e man agedt h r ou ghr edu n dan tequ i pmen t i ndi s t i l l at i on spr es en t l yu s i n gMED. h owev er ,mi gh tbei nf i n di n gas u i t abl e d/orc h emi c alc l ean i n g.Al t h ou ghMEDc an •I tc anen abl en ew c ommer c i alpr oc es s es , wor k i n gf l u i df ors y s t emsi nwh i c ht h ec ompo- an edu c et h een er gyr equ i r emen t s( att h e n en tt ober emov edi sn otwat er ,bu tan ot h er r e. g.et h an olr ec ov er yf r om l i v ef er men t at i on ex pen s eofh i gh ert emper at u r es ) ,wh i l er ef r i gec ompou n dwi t hdi f f er en tpr oper t i es . br ot h . r at edc on den s at i onc anr edu c eboi l u pt emper at u r es( wh i l ei n c u r r i n gas u bs t an t i alen er gy P T Dmayn otbeappl i c abl eev er y wh er e,bu ti t pen al t y ) ,t h es emet h odsar emu t u al l yex c l u s i v e h I NDUST RI ALAPPL I CAT I ONS asbeenpr ov ent owor kwi t hwat erv apou r ast h ei rc ombi n edben ef i t san dc os t swou l d an dl i t h i u m br omi des ol u t i onast h eabs or ben t c an c eleac hot h eri nt h es amepr oc es s . f l u i d.F u r t h err es ear c hi sn eededt odet er mi n e Di s t i l l at i onmu s th av eah eats i n ki nor dert o ot h erc ombi n at i on sofv ol at i l ec ompon en t san d oper at e.Ati n du s t r i als c al emos tpr oc es s i n g P as s t h r ou ghdi s t i l l at i oni san ew met h odt h at abs pl an t su s eev apor at i v ec ool i n gt ower s . or ben tf l u i ds . h ou l dbeaddedt ot h es epar at i ont ec h n ol oCool i n gwat eri st y pi c al l yu s edi nc on den s er s , s gi est ool box ,bei n gu s ef u li nappl i c at i on s atat emper at u r eofabou t30° C,wh i c h F i g4i l l u s t r at est h ef i r s tpas s t h r ou ghdi s t i l l at i on er ec l as s i cdi s t i l l at i oni sn ots u i t abl ean d mean st h att h eboi l i n gpoi n toft h edi s t i l l at ei s wh pi l otu n i t ,i noper at i onatF i el di n gCh emi c al ot h ermet h odsar eei t h ert ooc os t l yort oo n or mal l yar ou n d50° C orh i gh er .St i l l ,t h er e T ec h n ol ogi es( www. f i el dchem. com) ,wh i c hwas on et of ou l i n g.P T Dc anbeappl i edt ot h e ar eappl i c at i on st h atdeman dl owert emper a- pr bu i l tt oget h erwi t ht h eCan adi ant ec h n ol ogy pr oc es s i n gofc ompl exaqu eou swas t e t u r es ,an dh er er ef r i ger at edc on den s er sar e pr ov i deran di n v en t orDr y s t i l l( www. dr y s t i l l . ca) s t r eams ,wh i c har et ooc on t ami n at edt obe u s edt or edu c et h ec on den s i n gt emper at u r e an dwi t hf u n di n gas s i s t an c ef r om t h eI n du s t r i al t r eat edan dar epr es en t l yi n c i n er at edatgr eat R an dt h u sal l ow l owerboi l u pt emper at u r esi n es ear c hAs s i s t an c eP r ogr am ( I R AP ) .� c os t .Byu s i n gP T Dmos toft h ewat erc anbe t h et op.Mor eov er ,asr ef r i ger at i oni st oo emov ed,l eav i n gar es i du et h atc anbec ome c os t l yt obeappl i edt ol ar ges c al epr odu c t i on , r t ony . k i s s @ak zonobel . com au x i l i ar yf u elf orc emen tk i l n sf orex ampl e. MEDi su s edi n s t eadt or edu c et h een er gy Ot h erappl i c at i on si n c l u de:or gan i cs ol v en t s c os t .Howev er ,asmor es t agesar eadded, r ec ov er y ,wat err emov alf ordr y i n gofc h emi t h et emper at u r ei nt h ef i r s tdi s t i l l at i ons t age Ref er enc es c al s ,ar omar ec ov er yi nt h ef oodi n du s t r y , i n c r eas es ,an dt h er e f or eman yMEDi n s t al l ac on c en t r at i n gor an gej u i c e,s epar at i onofh eat - •Al t i on ss u f f erf r om t h er mal l yi n du c edf ou l i n g, iA.H.H. ,Des i gnofac ompac tabs or berwi t hah y dr oph obi c membr an ec on t ac t oratt h el i qu i dv apori n t er f ac ef orl i t h i u m br omi dewat erabs or pt i onc h i l l er s ,Appl i edEn er gy , 87( 2010) ,11121121 •F ah myA. ,MewesD. ,Oh l r oggeK. ,Abs or pt i on as s i s t edper v apor at i onf ors ol v en tdeh y dr at i on ,Des al i n at i on ,149( 2002) , 914 •Ki s sA.A. ,Adv an c eddi s t i l l at i ont ec h n ol ogi esDes i gn ,c on t r ol an dappl i c at i on s ,J oh nW i l ey&Son s ,UK,2013 •Ki s sA.A. ,Di s t i l l at i ont ec h n ol ogySt i l l y ou n gan df u l lofbr eak t h r ou ghoppor t u n i t i es ,J ou r n al ofCh emi c alT ec h n ol ogyan d Bi ot ec h n ol ogy ,89( 2014) ,479498 •Mc Gr egorI .R . ,Bel c h er sC.H. ,St r i ppi n gabs or pt i onmodu l e, USP at en t8608841,17. 12. 2013 •Mc Gr egorI .R . ,Bel c h er sC.H. ,St r i ppi n gabs or pt i onmodu l e, USP at en t8757599,24. 06. 2014 •P al en z u el aP . ,R oc aL . ,Zar agoz aG. ,Al ar c on P adi l l aD.C. , Gar c i aR odr i gu ezL . ,del aCal l eA. ,Oper at i on ali mpr ov emen t s t oi n c r eas et h eef f i c i en c yofanabs or pt i onh eatpu mpc on n ec t ed t oamu l t i ef f ec tdi s t i l l at i onu n i t ,Appl i edT h er malEn gi n eer i n g,63 ( 2014) ,8496 •Sek arS. ,Sar av an anR . ,Ex per i men t als t u di esonabs or pt i onh eat t r an s f or merc ou pl eddi s t i l l at i ons y s t em,Des al i n at i on ,274 ( 2011) ,292301 •Yan n i ot i sS. ,T s i t z i l on iK. ,Den dr i n osG. ,Mal l ou c h osA. ,Ar oma r ec ov er ybyc ombi n i n gdi s t i l l at i onwi t habs or pt i on ,J ou r n alof F oodEn gi n eer i n g78( 2007) ,882887 •Zh an gX .D. ,HuD.P . ,L iZ.Y. ,P er f or man c ean al y s i sonan ew Fi g4:Pas s t hr oughdi s t i l l at i onpi l ot s c al euni t( l ef t )i noper at i onatF i el di ngChemi c alT ec hnol ogi es ,wher et he s t r i ppi ngabs or pt i onmodul ebui l tbyDr ys t i l l( r i ght )pl aysac ent r alr ol e n p t . p mg . n l mu l t i ef f ec tdi s t i l l at i onc ombi n edwi t hanopenabs or pt i onh eat t r an s f or merdr i v enbywas t eh eat ,Appl i e dT h er malEn gi n eer i n g, 62( 2014) ,239244 N P TP r o c e s t e c h n o l o g i e4•D e c e mb e r 2 0 1 41 7
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