Anatomy of Signals
0 1/P
1/3P 1/5P 1/7P
P
0
TIME
0
1/ t
FREQ
0
0 1/P
1/3P 1/5P 1/7P
0
-6dB/OCTAVE
0 1/P 1/3P 1/5P 1/7P
FREQ
1/2P 1/4P 1/6P
-A
FREQ
-ARMS
0
AMPLITUDE
0
0
+ARMS
AMPLITUDE
BW
1/P
t
-A
0
AMPLITUDE
+A
1/Nt
TIME
0
1/t
2/t
FREQ
-A
0
AMPLITUDE
DELAY - 
SIGNAL
DELAY - 
CDMA
1/BW
DELAY - 
P
DELAY - 
-1
Nt
DELAY - 
0
2t
+A
-1
FREQUENCY
AMPLITUDE
JitterTrack Freq@Lv
PHASE
FREQ
fM
0
fC
TIME
D
TIME
JitterTrack TIE@Lv
FREQ
1/fM
TIME
EXTREMA- ROOF
TIME
0
fP
FREQ
1/fM
JitterTrack WIDTH @ LV
COMPLEX MODULATION ANALYSIS
-1
1
# OF EVENTS
Nt
P
0
FREQ
MODULATION
FREQUENCY f M
PULSE FREQUENCY f P
PARABOLIC
1
TIME
-A
DELAY - 
-1
# OF
EVENTS
0
PULSE WIDTH
MODULATION
-1
1
0
AMPLITUDE
FREQ
TIME
fC
fD
P
PARABOLIC
0
P
MODULATION
FREQUENCY f M
CARRIER FREQUENCY f C
1
TIME
0
-A
+A
AMPLITUDE
MODULATION
FREQ
1/fM
fC
1/fM
0
-1
1
# OF
EVENTS
Arms
0
+A
TIME
fC
2t
0
0
CLOCK PERIOD - t
LENGTH - Nt
0
AMPLITUDE
TIME
BANDWIDTH - BW
-1
1
Arms
A
+A
# OF
EVENTS
0
DELAY - 
0
0
PSEUDO-RANDOM
BINARY SEQUENCE
0
AMPLITUDE
MODULATION
FREQUENCY f M
PEAK DEVIATION  D
CARRIER FREQUENCY f C
P
0
TIME
-A
PERIOD - P
FREQUENCY - 1/P
FREQ
-A
P
0
-1
1
TIME
A
DELAY - 
0
SAWTOOTH
A
+A
# OF
EVENTS
-12 dB/OCTAVE
-A
SINE WAVE PLUS
GAUSSIAN NOISE
-A
P
A
TRIANGULAR
BANDLIMITED
NOISE
0
AMPLITUDE
t
-A
WIDEBAND
GAUSSIAN
NOISE
-A
PHASE MODULATION
0
1/P
0
P
1
# OF EVENTS
PULSE
FREQ
-1
AMPLITUDE
TIME
A
PERIOD - P
FREQUENCY - 1/P
+A
DELAY - 
TIME
MODULATION
DOMAIN
WIDTH
0
-A
PERIOD - P
FREQUENCY - 1/P
0
AMPLITUDE
# OF EVENTS
-6dB/OCTAVE
SQUARE WAVE
PERIOD - P
FREQUENCY - 1/P
WIDTH - t
-A
P
A
PERIOD - P
FREQUENCY - 1/P
FREQ
1/P
0
MODULATION
FREQUENCY f M
PEAK DEVIATION f D
CARRIER FREQUENCY f C
AMPLITUDE
0
-A
FREQUENCY
MODULATION
FREQUENCY
SPECTRUM
TIME
FUNCTION
SIGNAL
AMPLITUDE
TIME
TYPICAL SIGNAL WAVEFORMS AND ASSOCIATED ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
AMPLITUDE
0
# OF
EVENTS
PERIOD - P
FREQUENCY - 1/P
P
1
# OF EVENTS
P
A
SINE WAVE
AUTOCORRELATION
AMPLITUDE
HISTOGRAM OF
AMPLITUDE DATA
AMPLITUDE
SIGNAL
FREQUENCY
SPECTRUM
AMPLITUDE
TIME
FUNCTION
AMPLITUDE
TYPICAL SIGNAL WAVEFORMS AND ASSOCIATED ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
PDC
EYE DIAGRAMS
VECTOR DIAGRAM
CONSTELLATION
TIME