ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION
BILLERUDKORSNÄS LIQUID LC
Liquid LC
BILLERUDKORSNÄS
BillerudKorsnäs’ operations at all sites in Sweden,
Finland and UK are fully certified in accordance with
• ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management Systems
• ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Managemente Systems
• PEFC™ Chain of Custody license code 05-33-114
• FSC Chain of Custody/Controlled Wood license code
FSC-C004906.
BillerudKorsnäs is one of the world’s leading producers
of virgin and primary fibre based packaging materials,
primarily for consumer products. Production is conducted
at 8 production sites in Sweden, Finland and UK.
Production capacity is 2860 ktonnes, with integrated
pulp production.
The range of products includes liquid packaging board,
cartonboard, liners, fluting, sack- and kraft paper,
speciality paper and pulp.
The fibre content in BillerudKorsnäs’ packaging
material is based on 100 % renewable wood fibres.
BillerudKorsnäs’ operations have an impact on the
environment through forestry management, use of
resources like energy, chemicals, water and air and
emissions to water and air.
®
In addition, the site in Frövi where Liquid FC is produced
is certified in accordance with
• EN16001:2009 Energy Management System
• FSSC 22000 Food Safety System
DECLARATION OF CONTENTS
CLAY COATING FOR EXCELLENT PRINTING RESULTS
TCF-BLEACHED FIBRES FOR GOOD PRINTING
RESULTS AND SURFACE SMOOTHNESS
UNBLEACHED FIBRES AND CTMP IN TWO LAYERS
FOR STIFFNESS AND STRENGTH
UNBLEACHED FIBRES FOR TENSILE STRENGTH
LIQUID LC
DISTRIBUTION
Chemical pulp
65%
Mechanical pulp
19%
Coating/fillers
16%
LIQUID LC
Liquid LC is tailor-made to customer needs
and available in a broad range of specifications.
Liquid LC is available in grammages from 235 gsm*
to 360 gsm. Liquid LC is produced at the mills
in Frövi and Gävle.
LIQUID LC is a coated packaging board (coated on the top
side) made out of 100% virgin fibres. Liquid LC is taint
and odour neutral and does not transfer any taste or smell
to the contents. The board is stable and easy to hold, and
has a good printing surface for reproduction of the most
demanding images.
*gsm = g/m2
This is an Environmental Product Declaration for BillerudKorsnäs Liquid LC registered in the International
EPD System (www.environdec.com). The declaration has been developed based on the results of a
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the Product Category Rules for Processed paper and paperboard
(PCR 3214). Information and data given in this EPD can be used as upstream data by a customer who
will perform a new EPD within the system boundaries given in a related PCR.
2
SYSTEM BOUNDARIES
The international EPD system is based on a hierarchic
approach based on the international standards:
• ISO 9001, Quality management system
• ISO 14001, Environmental management system
• ISO 14025, Type III environmental declarations
• ISO 14044, LCA – Requirements and guidelines
CORE: Transportation of all materials (including wood)
to the core processes, production of pulp, production of
paper and paperboard, cutting and packing of the
products and treatment of waste generated from the
production processes.
DOWNSTREAM: Distribution
of the product and waste
management of transport packaging.
The systems are divided into three life cycle phases:
UPSTREAM: Forestry, production of fertilisers, production
of energy wares, production of chemicals, auxiliary
products and other raw materials, production of transport
packaging.
UPSTREAM MODULE
Plans, energy
wares, fertilisation
Raw material
Raw material
Transport
Transport
Transport
Other products
and raw material
Transport
packaging
Energy wares
Forestry
CORE MODULE
Transport
Transport
Waste management of
production wastes
Average converter
(not included)
Transport
Waste management of
transport packaging
Use of final product
(not included)
Transport
Waste management of
final product (not included)
Pulp, paper and board
production, coating, cutting etc
DOWNSTREAM MODULE
Transport
DATA INCLUDED
DATA NOT INCLUDED
3
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
The carbon footprint (greenhouse gas emissions
over the life cycle) is presented in the following diagram
as global warming potential 100 years (GWP100) in
kg CO2 equivalents per tonne product. The reduction
compared to previous EPD is mainly a result of less use of
fossil energy in the production plants.
The environmental impact of two selected grammages
are presented in the table below.
The declared unit is one tonne (1000 kg) of the
product delivered at the gate of an average converter/
customer in Europe. As additional information, the
environmental impact is stated also per 1000 m2. AVERAGE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS LIQUID LC 2012
kg CO2eq/TONNE
UPSTREAM
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
FO
CORE
DOWNSTREAM
TOTALS
RE
EX
S
TE
Y
TR
CH
R
L
NA
EM
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I
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CA
LP
S
/W
OO
D
C
P
HI
S
EN
C
PA
KA
E
GI
Y
RG
NG
TE
MA
R
L
IA
S
TR
AN
SP
MA
T
OR
C
FA
NU
TU
N
RI
G
S
DI
TR
IB
U
TI O
N
ST
WA
E
L
TA
TO
L
TA
TO
2
8
00
*
*The previous EPD published 2011-03-15
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT LIQUID LC
LIQUID LC 272 GSM
UPSTREAM kg/TONNE CORE
kg/TONNE
DOWNSTREAM
kg/TONNE
TOTAL
kg/TONNE
TOTAL
kg/1000 m²
Global warming CO2 eq.
270
55
57
390
110
Acidification SO2 eq.
1.4
1.2
0.12
2.7
0.73
Eutrophication PO 43- eq.
0.41
0.4
0.025
0.84
0.23
Ozone-depletion CFC-11 eq.
1.7E-05
3.8E-07
3.4E-08
1.8E-05
4.9E-06
0.23
0.035
0.015
0.28
0.076
Photochemical oxidant formation C2H4 eq.
LIQUID LC 280 GSM
Global warming CO2 eq.
320
63
49
430
120
Acidification SO2 eq.
1.7
1.4
0.11
3.2
0.9
Eutrophication PO 43- eq.
0.47
0.47
0.023
0.95
0.27
Ozone-depletion CFC-11 eq.
1.9E-05
4.7E-07
1.7E-08
1.9E-05
5.3E-06
0.26
0.041
0.013
0.32
0.09
Photochemical oxidant formation C2H4 eq.
4
USE OF RESOURCES
The following table presents the total resources used for
production and distribution of two different grammages
within the product range.
Additional information on the use of resources split into
the upstream, core and downstream phases is available
on request.
NATURAL MATERIAL RESOURCES, RENEWABLE
LIQUID LC 272
LIQUID LC 280
UNIT
Biomass
3.5
4.1
m3 s.u.b/tonne
Limestone (calcium carbonate)
81
94
kg/tonne
Kaolinite (24% in ore as mined)
41
49
kg/tonne
Inert rock
240
240
kg/tonne
Sodium chloride (rock salt)
35
44
kg/tonne
Gravel
18
20
kg/tonne
Natural Aggregate
46
55
kg/tonne
Other*
40
46
kg/tonne
Energy, biomass
16000
18000
MJ/tonne
Energy, hydropower
1800
2000
MJ/tonne
Other*
320
370
MJ/tonne
Nuclear energy, Uranium
4400
5200
MJ/tonne
Crude oil
2900
3100
MJ/tonne
Natural gas
2400
2700
MJ/tonne
Hard coal
620
690
MJ/tonne
Other*
310
340
MJ/tonne
NATURAL MATERIAL RESOURCES, NON-RENEWABLE
ENERGY RESOURCES, RENEWABLE
ENERGY RESOURCES, NON-RENEWABLE
*Other refers to resources used in amounts less than 5% of the total.
OTHER INDICATORS
The electricity consumption and waste over the life cycle
are specified in the tables below.
INDICATOR, INPUT
LIQUID LC 272
LIQUID LC 280
UNIT
Electricity consumption at manufacturing*
750
860
kWh/tonne
Water use at manufacturing
48
53
m3/tonne
Material subject for recycling
6.8
6.7
kg/tonne
Hazardous waste
0.05
0.061
kg/tonne
Other waste
290
310
kg/tonne
INDICATOR, OUTPUT
*Electricity use is also presented as “Energy resources” above.
5
ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL GAIN
All products produced in the
Gävle or Frövi mills are based on virgin fibres with high
strength properties enabling packaging weight to be
reduced.
WASTE MINIMISATION
UPTAKE OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN GROWING FORESTS
Carbon stocks are increasing in Swedish forest eco­systems,
mainly in the living biomass, due to the fact that the
forest growth rate is higher than the harvest rate.
The high growth rate is a result of silvicultural legislation
and sustainable forest management. The long-term forest
management is to a large extent driven by the demand for
round wood from the forest industry. According to
Eriksson et al (2010) the net sequestration (removal from
the atmosphere) of biogenic carbon dioxide is calculated
based on the share of the net growth of the photosynthesis
that is allocated to the current wood harvest as a gain to
all forest products including the board. Future scenarios
for harvest rates in Sweden over the next 20 years conclude that the harvest rate will remain significantly lower
than the growth rate. Note that the system boundary
settings used to calculate the net sequestration (removal)
of biogenic carbon dioxide represent forest management
and therefore differ from the product related boundary
settings used elsewhere in the EPD.
Liquid LC is
recoverable through material recycling and energy
recovery in accordance with the material requirements
in EN 13430:2004 and EN 13431:2004.
RECYCLABILITY AND RECOVERY
WASTE HANDLING All board and paper products
produced by BillerudKorsnäs meet the targets specified
in the EU’s waste management hierarchy within the EU
Waste Framework Directive (2006/12/EC) as well as
the essential requirements of the EU Packaging Waste
Directive 94/62/EC.
BIODEGRADABLE BillerudKorsnäs products are based
on pulp consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and some
lignin which will be degraded by microorganisms in
nature. The decomposition time required depends on
several factors such as temperature, humidity, pH and
microbiological activity.
LIQUID LC 280 GSM
UNIT
Net sequestration (removal) of biogenic CO2 in forests
-1900
kg CO2e/tonne
DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
Below follows a list of detailed emission parameters, some of which are already accounted for in the environmental
impacts presented above. More detailed information is available on request.
LIQUID LC 272
kg/TONNE
LIQUID LC 280
kg/TONNE
EMISSIONS TO AIR*
Carbon dioxide, CO2 fossil
350
390
NOx as NO2
2.1
2.4
Sulphur dioxide, SO2
1.6
1.9
COD
8.7
10
Phosphorus as P
0.015
0.017
Nitrogen as N
0.12
0.14
Suspended solids
1.1
1.3
AOX
0.0073
0.0084
LIQUID LC 272
kg/1000 m2
LIQUID LC 280
kg/1000 m2
Carbon dioxide, CO2 fossil
95
110
NOx as NO2
0.57
0.67
Sulphur dioxide, SO2
0.44
0.53
EMISSIONS TO WATER*
EMISSIONS TO AIR*
EMISSIONS TO WATER*
COD
2.4
2.8
Phosphorus as P
0.0041
0.0048
Nitrogen as N
0.033
0.039
Suspended solids 0.30
0.36
AOX
0.0020
0.0024
*The environmental impact of these emissions is already presented under environmental impact above.
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BILLERUDKORSNÄS
SUSTAINABILITY TARGET AREAS
to increased production of biomass, which may lead to
oxygen deficiency and fewer living organisms.
BillerudKorsnäs is actively pursuing improvement to
minimize the environmental impact. To meet the vision to
phase out fossil fuels from the production BillerudKorsnäs
has made and will continue to invest in resource and process
optimization and to replace fossil fuels with bioenergy.
Also supply chain, transport and distribution of products
are parts of the sustainability target areas. Our immediate
sustainability targets areas are
OZONE DEPLETION Substances such as freon that deplete
the protective ozone layer in the stratosphere.
PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANT FORMATION Hydrocarbons
and volatile organic carbons (VOCs) contribute to ground
level ozone formation, which has toxic effects on humans and
vegetation.
HAZARDOUS WASTE Wastes such as chemical waste, used
Fossil-free production
• The emissions of fossil carbon dioxide per tonne of product
in the manufacturing process are to be reduced
• The proportion of bioenergy used in the manufacturing
process is to be increased
oil, soot and radioactive waste from the production of nuclear
power are classified as hazardous.
PCR Product Category Rules specify Environmental Product
Declaration requirements for a specified sector or product
category, see www.environdec.com
Energy Efficiency
• Lower energy consumption, heating and electricity
measured as kWh/tonne of product
WATER USE The total amount of water used for cooling and
the production process at the board and paper mill.
Transport and distribution
• Decreased emissions of fossil carbon dioxide from wood
truck transports and from distribution of products.
NET SEQUESTRATION OF BIOGENIC CO2 IN FORESTS
In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is
removed and stored in the growing biomass. In Sweden, the
forest growth rate is higher than the harvest rate, and the net
removal of CO2 from the atmosphere is allocated to the
harvested timber. This process is described under “Additional
environmental information”. The high growth rate is
a result of silvicultural legislation and sustainable forest
management.
REFERENCES
Eriksson, E., Karlsson, P-E., Hallberg, L., Jelse, K.,
Carbon Footprints of Cartons in Europe – Carbon
Footprint Methodology and biogenic carbon sequestration,
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, B1924, 2010
Jelse K., Palm D., Dahlgren L., Wranne J. 2013, Life cycle
assessment of BillerudKorsnäs virgin fibre-based packaging
materials. Archive number U4284.
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
VERIFICATIONS
EPD Programme: The International EPD® System
Note: EPDs from different programs may not be
comparable
Registration no: S-P-00249
Date of publication: 2013-12-19
Validity: 2016-12-17
Valid within the following geographical area: Europe
Data reference year: 2012
Production of pulp and paper/board–2012
Production of CTMP–2012
PCR review conducted by: The technical committee
of the International EPD System,
PCR moderator: Lena Dahlgren
PCR: Product category rules for processed paper
and paperboard (CPC 3214), Version 2010-07-07,
Swedish Environmental Management Council.
Independent verification of the data according to ISO14025
(external): Det Norske Veritas (DNV) 2013-12-17
Accredited or approved by: SWEDAC
For more information: www.environdec.com
DEFINITIONS
UPSTREAM PROCESSES Forestry and production of raw
materials and chemicals.
CORE PROCESSES Production at the board and paper
mill including transportation of all materials (including
wood) to the mill.
DOWNSTREAM PROCESSES Distribution of the product
to an average customer in Frankfurt and waste management
of transport packaging.
GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL Global warming is
caused by increases in the atmospheric concentration of
carbon dioxide (CO2) and other Greenhouse gases that
absorb and reflect heat. The global warming potential
(GWP) is declared as CO2 equivalents.
ACIDIFICATION Decrease of the pH value in terrestrial
CONTACT
Ulf Eliasson
Senior Vice President Consumer Board
Phone +46 (0) 26 15 10 00
[email protected]
For further information visit www.billerudkorsnas.com
and water systems.
EUTROPHICATION Eutrophication is the disturbance of
the nutritional balance in the soil and waters due to
an added amount of nutrition. In aquatic systems, this leads
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1401
www.billerudkorsnas.com
BillerudKorsnäs, PO Box 703, SE-169 27 Solna, Sweden. Tel. +46 8 553 335 00