Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
CHAPTER 5
CELL PROCESSES AND ENERGY
SECTION
5–1
The Cell in Its Environment
(pages 158-162)
This section tells how things move into and out of cells.
The Cell Membrane as Gatekeeper
(page 158)
1. The cell membrane has a structure that makes it
.
2. Is the following sentence true or false? A selectively permeable
membrane allows all substances to pass through it.
3. Is the following sentence true or false? A cell membrane is usually
permeable to oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide.
4. Complete the concept map.
© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Substances
enter or leave a cell by
Diffusion—Molecules in Motion
(page 159)
5. Is the following sentence true or false? Diffusion is the main method by
which small molecules move into and out of cells.
Science Explorer Grade 6
Guided Reading and Study Workbook
53
Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
CHAPTER 5, Cell Processes and Energy (continued)
6. In diffusion, molecules move from an area of
concentration to an area of
concentration.
7. What is concentration?
8. Draw molecules on Part B of the diagram below to show how the
molecules are distributed inside and outside the cell after diffusion has
occurred.
A
B
Osmosis—The Diffusion of Water Molecules
(page 160)
9. The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable
.
Match the shape of each red blood cell with the concentration of water it is
floating in. See Figure 2 on page 160.
Shape of Cell
10. normal
11. shrunken
12. swollen
Water Concentration
a. Low concentration of water molecules
outside the cell
b. Concentration of water molecules is the
same inside and outside of the cell
c. High concentration of water molecules
outside the cell
54
Guided Reading and Study Workbook
Science Explorer Grade 6
© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
membrane is called
Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
Active Transport
(pages 161–162)
13. Two ways of moving things into and out of cells that do NOT need
energy are
and
.
14. Moving materials through a cell membrane without using energy is
called
transport.
15. How does active transport differ from passive transport?
16. List two ways that the cell moves things by active transport.
a.
b.
Why Are Cells Small?
(page 162)
17. Is the following sentence true or false? As a cell gets larger, it takes longer
for a molecule to reach the middle of the cell.
© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
SECTION
5–2
The Cell and Energy
(pages 163-168)
This section explains how plants make food by using the energy from sunlight. This
section also explains how cells get energy from food.
What Is Photosynthesis?
(page 163)
1. In the process of photosynthesis, plants use the energy from
to make food.
2. The green pigment in chloroplasts, called
light energy from the sun.
Science Explorer Grade 6
, absorbs
Guided Reading and Study Workbook
55
Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
CHAPTER 5, Cell Processes and Energy (continued)
The Events of Photosynthesis
(pages 164)
3. List the two stages in the process of photosynthesis.
a.
b.
4. Is the following sentence true or false? Besides the energy from sunlight,
the cell needs water and carbon dioxide to make sugar.
5. Circle the letter of each product of photosynthesis.
a. water
b. carbon dioxide
c. oxygen
d. sugars
6. Write the chemical equation for the process of photosynthesis.
7. What word does the arrow in the chemical equation stand for?
8. Circle the letter of each raw material of photosynthesis.
a. carbon dioxide
b. glucose
c. water
d. oxygen
Storing and Releasing the Energy in Food
(pages 165)
a. Plant cells use the glucose for food.
b. Some of the glucose is made into other compounds, such as cellulose.
c. Most of the oxygen passes out of the plant.
d. Most of the glucose passes out of the plant.
10. Is the following sentence true or false? Photosynthesis produces the
carbon dioxide that most living things need to survive.
56
Guided Reading and Study Workbook
Science Explorer Grade 6
© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
9. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the products of
photosynthesis.
Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
11. Complete the following table about how living things use the sun’s energy.
How Living Things Use Energy From the Sun
Living Thing
Autotroph or Heterotroph?
Obtains Energy From the Sun Directly or Indirectly?
Plant
Caterpillar
Bluebird
12. How do cells get energy?
What is Respiration?
(page 166)
© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
13. What happens during respiration?
14. Why do cells carry out respiration continuously?
15. Is the following sentence true or false? Respiration that takes place
inside of cells is the same as breathing air in and out of the lungs.
16. Write the chemical equation for the process of cellular respiration.
Science Explorer Grade 6
Guided Reading and Study Workbook
57
Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
CHAPTER 5, Cell Processes and Energy (continued)
17. Use the table below to list the raw materials and products of
respiration.
Respiration
Raw Materials
Products
Comparing Photosynthesis and Respiration
(page 167)
18. Complete the cycle diagram below, which describes the relationship
between photosynthesis and respiration. See Figure 9 on page 167.
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Plants produce
.
Animals use
.
Animals produce
.
19. Is the following sentence true or false? Together, photosynthesis and
respiration form a cycle that keeps the levels of oxygen and carbon
dioxide fairly constant in Earth’s atmosphere.
58
Guided Reading and Study Workbook
Science Explorer Grade 6
© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Plants use
.
Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
Fermentation
(pages 167–168)
20. What is fermentation?
21. Is the following sentence true or false? Fermentation releases more
energy than respiration.
22. List the two types of fermentation, and tell where each takes place.
a.
b.
23. Is the following sentence true or false? Lactic acid fermentation takes
place when cells use oxygen more slowly than it is replaced.
Reading Skill Practice
© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Writing a summary can help you remember the important ideas of what you have read. Write a
summary of the process of photosynthesis. Your summary should be much shorter than the text
on which it is based. Do your work on a separate sheet of paper.
SECTION
5–3
Cell Division
(pages 170-177)
This section explains how cells grow and divide.
The Cell Cycle
(page 171)
1. The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo is called
the
Science Explorer Grade 6
.
Guided Reading and Study Workbook
59
Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
CHAPTER 5, Cell Processes and Energy (continued)
Stage 1: Interphase
(pages 171–172)
2. List three things that the cell is doing during interphase.
a.
b.
c.
3. Circle the letter of the process in which the cell copies its DNA.
a. interphase
b. cell cycle
Stage 2: Mitosis
c. replication
d. division
(page 172)
4. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about mitosis.
a. The cell makes a copy of its DNA.
b. The cell divides into two new cells.
c. The cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei.
d. One copy of DNA is distributed into each daughter cell.
5. List the four phases of mitosis.
a.
b.
c.
d.
6. Label the parts of the structure in the diagram below.
© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
60
Guided Reading and Study Workbook
Science Explorer Grade 6
Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
Stage 3: Cytokinesis
(page 173)
7. During cytokinesis, the
are divided between the two new cells.
divides and the organelles
8. Is the following sentence true or false? During cytokinesis in plant cells,
the new cell membrane forms before the new cell wall does.
Length of the Cell Cycle
(pages 173–175)
9. Is the following sentence true or false? All cells have a cell cycle that
lasts the same amount of time.
10. Look at the circle graph in Figure 13 on page 173. How long is
interphase in a human liver cell?
DNA Replication
(pages 176–177)
11. Why does a cell make a copy of its DNA before mitosis occurs?
© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
12. Circle the letter of each molecule that makes up the sides of the DNA
ladder.
a. deoxyribose
b. glucose
c. phosphate
d. nitrogen
13. Name the nitrogen bases that pair up to make up the rungs of the DNA
ladder.
a.
pairs with
.
b.
pairs with
.
14. Is the following sentence true or false? DNA replication begins when the
two sides of the DNA molecule unwind and separate.
15. At the end of replication,
formed.
Science Explorer Grade 6
new DNA molecules are
Guided Reading and Study Workbook
61
Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
CHAPTER 5, Cell Processes and Energy (continued)
WordWise
Answer the clues to solve the crossword puzzle.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Clues down
Clues across
1. Process in which molecules move from
an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration
1. Nucleic acid that is passed from parent
to offspring
2. The stage of the cell cycle in which the
cell’s nucleus divides
3. The final stage of the cell cycle in which
the cytoplasm divides
4. A pigment found in chloroplasts
5. The diffusion of water through a
selectively permeable membrane
7. The movement of materials through a
cell membrane using energy is _____
transport.
6. The first stage of the cell cycle in which
the cell prepares to divide
62
Guided Reading and Study Workbook
8. A process by which cells get energy from
food without using oxygen
Science Explorer Grade 6
© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
3. Condensed genetic material, or
chromatin, that is double stranded