Acad/39/2010 (Circular: 9)
GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES,
University School of Sciences
Ahmedabad – 380009, Gujarat, India.
M. Sc. Life Sciences Course
The recent advances in biological Sciences have proved that the present training is
inadequate for any meaningful research in present scenario, as all living systems are directly
and indirectly interdependent. Interdisciplinary and integrated approach is very necessary for
any significant contribution in modern Sciences in general and in Life Sciences in particular.
Hence the course which was started in 1982 with same aim, revised regularly according to
latest developments and discoveries, which will impart a broad training in various disciplines
of Life Sciences, so that a student passing this course will be well equipped to meet
challenges of academic and research of Life Sciences. These students will be able to pursue
careers in pharmaceutical industries, research laboratories, clinical research organizations,
school, colleges and Universities.
Life Sciences Syllabus
M. Sc.
Effective from June 2010
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
There shall be Four papers each of four hours (3+1) duration and two practical each of
Nine hours per week.
Each Course (Theory & Practical) shall carry 100 (Hundred) marks (Internal 30 marks
and External 70 marks). External exam for each theory is of 3 hours and practical exam
is of more than 6 hours. Per semester.
The major emphasis of this Course is to motivate students for improvement through
regular internal assessment .They should be encouraged for self study and seminar
according to allotted times of the course per week.
Each theory paper is divided into four units. Each unit will have equal weightage of
teaching and while setting question paper.
Question or its sub question including the options will be set from the same unit.
Practical batch will be consisting of maximum 10 students.
The elective papers will be offered as per availability of the expert faculty and feasibility
of the department and schedule of teaching.
There shall be at least one study tour during the span of two years of P.G. study,
pertaining to different Life Sciences/ Microbiological/ Environmental/ Biotechnological/
Pharmaceutical industries/ research institutes/ various ecosystems, even outside
Gujarat State. The study tour is highly essential for study various concepts, processes
and technology pertaining to Life Sciences.
1
Gujarat University
Design and Structure of Life Sciences PG Courses for Credit Based Semester system to be implemented
from June 2010
Depart
ment
Seme
ster
1
Course
Name
LSC401
LSC402
LSC403
LSC404
Physical and Biological Chemistry
Principles of Microbial Sciences
Molecular Cell Biology
Developmental Biology and
Toxicology
Practical – I +Viva voce
Practical – II +Viva voce
3
3
3
3
Total
12
3
3
3
3
LSC405PR
LSC406PR
2
No. of Hours per week
Lectu Other Practi Total
res
s
cals
No
LSC407
LSC408
LSC409
LSC410
LSC411PR
LSC412PR
Principles of Plant Sciences
Mammalian Physiology
Ethology and Evolution
Food Science and Food
Microbiology
Practical – III +Viva voce
Practical – IV +Viva voce
Total
LSC505PR
LSC506PR
Immunology and
Immunotechnology
Analytical and Separation
Techniques
Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and
Bioinstrumentation
1.Applied Botany
2.Fermentation Technology
3.Molecular Biology and Animal
Biotechnology
4.Molecular Endocrinology and
Reproductive Physiology
Practical – V +Viva Voce
Practical – VI +Viva Voce
LSC507PT
LSC508S
LSC509M
Dissertation / Project Work
Seminar / Field /Industrial visit
Assignment / Group Discussion
LSC501
Life
Science
LSC502
LSC503
3
LSC504EA
LSC504EB
LSC504EC
LSC504ED
Total
4
Total
2
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
Course
credits
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
12
6
6
28
4
4
4
4
4
4
24
4
4
4
4
6
6
12
6
6
28
4
4
4
24
4
12
3
4
1
3
1
4
4
3
1
4
4
3
1
4
4
6
6
28
20
4
4
4
4
24
16
4
4
28
24
12
4
6
6
12
M.Sc. Semester I
Course
No.
Course Name
LSC401
LSC402
LSC403
LSC404
Physical and Biological Chemistry
Principles of Microbial Sciences
Molecular Cell Biology
Developmental Biology and
Toxicology
Practical – I +Viva voce
Practical – II +Viva voce
Library
LSC405PR
LSC406PR
Hours
Per
Week
Credits
Internal
Marks
External
Total
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
30
30
30
30
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
09
09
02
36
04
04
24
30
30
180
70
70
420
100
100
600
Hours
Per
Week
Credits
Internal
Marks
External
Total
04
04
04
04
4
4
4
4
30
30
30
30
70
70
70
70
100
100
100
100
09
09
02
36
4
4
24
30
30
180
70
70
420
100
100
600
Total
M.Sc. Semester II
Course
No.
Course Name
Principles of Plant Sciences
Mammalian Physiology
Ethology and Evolution
Food Science and Food
Microbiology
LSC411PR Practical – III +Viva voce
LSC412PR Practical – IV +Viva voce
LSC407
LSC408
LSC409
LSC410
Library
Total
M.Sc. Semester III
Course
No.
Course Name
LSC501
Immunology and
Immunotechnology
Analytical and Separation
Techniques
Biostatistics, Bioinformatics
and Bioinstrumentation
Elective
1.Applied Botany
2.Fermentation Technology
3.Molecular Biology and
Animal Biotechnology
4.Molecular Endocrinology
and Reproductive Physiology
Practical – V +Viva Voce
Practical – VI +Viva Voce
LSC502
LSC503
LSC504
504EA
504EB
504EC
504ED
LSC505PR
LSC506PR
Library
Total
Hour
Per
Week
Credits
04
Internal
Marks
External
Total
04
30
70
100
04
04
30
70
100
04
04
30
70
100
04
04
30
70
100
09
09
02
04
04
-
30
30
-
70
70
-
100
100
-
36
24
180
420
600
3
M.Sc. Semester IV
Course Name
Course
No.
Hours
Per
Week
Credit
Internal
LSC507PT
Dissertation / Project Work
24
16
100
LSC508S
LSC509M
Seminar / Field /Industrial visit
Assignment / Group Discussion
06
06
36
4
4
24
Hours
Per
Week
Total
Marks
External
Total
50
50
200
300
(200+100)
50
50
400
400
100
100
600
Credit
Internal
Marks
External
Total
M. Sc.
Semester.
Course Name
I
Principles of Life Sciences I
36
24
180
420
600
II
III
Principles of Life Sciences II
Research Methodology and
Elective
Dissertation & Seminar+
Assignment
36
36
24
24
180
180
420
420
600
600
36
24
200
400
600
144
96
740
1660
2400
IV
Total
Examinations for the 4th semester
Dissertation
Internal Examination
70 marks are based on day-to-day work of the concern student in terms of experimental
designing, Practical performance in the laboratory, interpretation of the results obtained,
regularity etc.
Internal 30 marks viva: Presentation of the work in front of the faculty of the department at
least 3 times during this project work as follows.
(1) Deciding of the project and state of the art presentation ……………10 marks
(2) Discussion of the materials and methods and protocols…… ……. 10 marks
(3) Presentation of the obtained results ……………………… …………10 marks
External Examination
(1) 200 marks examination of the dissertation by two examiners 100 marks each
(2) 100 marks viva-voce conducted by examiners
Evaluation of seminars and assignments/ training reports/ study tour report etc.
Internal: 50 marks for the presentation of seminar which includes content, presentation
slides, explanation, understanding of the topic and response to the raised questions (10
marks each)
External: 50 marks evaluation of the prepared hard copy of the seminar and viva (marks
distribution: 30 marks for viva and 20 marks for the report)
4
SEMESTER I
™
LSC 401: Physical and Biological Chemistry
Unit – 1 : Chemical Foundation
ƒ Chemical bonds and Molecules: Forces within and between molecules
ƒ Acids , Bases , Salts , pH , Ionization constants (pka) ,
ƒ Properties of water, Solutions, Buffers.
ƒ Organic and Biological Reaction Mechanism
ƒ Physico-chemical properties of the living cell.
Unit – 2 : Energy and Thermodynamics
ƒ Concepts of internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy,
ƒ First and second Law of thermodynamics,
ƒ Free energy and their applications in bioenergetics processes.
ƒ Enzyme kinetics, Michaelis Menten Equation
ƒ Recent concept of Enzyme actions, Enzyme inhibitors and modifiers,
ƒ Regulatory enzymes and Allosteric enzymes
Unit – 3 : Biomolecules - I
ƒ Classification, Nomenclature, Structure and properties of carbohydrates
ƒ Regulation of Carbohydrate metabolism
ƒ Structure and functions of Lipids – Phospholipids.
ƒ Glycoconjugates - Glycolipids and glycoprotein and their role in biological processes.
ƒ Structure and functions of Steroid, cholesterol metabolism
Unit – 4 : Biomolecules - II
ƒ Structures, physical properties and functions of amino acids.
ƒ Isoelectric points of amino acids.
ƒ Three dimensional structure of protein: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary
configuration, Protein denaturation
ƒ Synthesis and its regulation of Purines and Pyrimidines
ƒ Degradation of nucleotides.
ƒ Structure and biosynthesis of different types of RNA.
ƒ Structure and polymorphism of DNA.
™
LSC402 : Principles of Microbial Sciences
Unit – 1 : Introduction to Microbiology and Microorganisms
ƒ Introduction to Microbiology and its various branches.
ƒ The scopes and avenues of Microbiology.
ƒ Historical developments in Microbiology :
ƒ General characteristics of major group of microorganisms:
a) Bacteria, b) Rickettsia, c) Chlamydia, d) Mycoplasma, e) Actinomycetes,
f) Archaeobacteria . g) Fungi,
h) Viruses, i) Sub viral entities like Prions, Viroids,
Virusoids and Satellite RNAs.
Unit – 2 : Microbial Taxonomy
ƒ Importance and systems of Classification
ƒ Status of Microorganisms into kingdoms
ƒ Basic principles of nomenclature and classification
ƒ Criteria used for classification and identification of microorganisms
ƒ Genetic approaches used for microbial taxonomy.
ƒ Numerical Taxonomy
ƒ Bergey’s Manual
ƒ Present State of Bacterial, fungal and Viral taxonomy
5
Unit – 3 : Morphology, Reproduction and Significance
ƒ Bacteria – Staphylococcus (Gram positive) and Escherichia (Gram negative) as model
examples
ƒ Moulds – Rhizopus, Penicillium, Puccinia as model examples
ƒ Yeasts – Saccharomyces as model example
ƒ Bacterial Viruses – Coliphage T4 and Lamda phage as model examples
ƒ Animal Viruses – Adenovirus and Influenza virus as model examples
ƒ Plant Viruses – TMV as model example
Unit – 4 : Microbial physiology and Genetics
ƒ Principles of microbial nutrition :
a) Modes of uptake of nutrients in microorganisms
b) Nutritional requirements of microorganisms
c) Nutritional classification of microorganisms
ƒ An overview of microbial metabolism
ƒ Microbial growth :
a) Growth in prokaryotes and modes of cell division
b) Mathematical nature and expression of growth.
c) Normal growth curve of microbial population and Diauxic growth .
d) Continuous cultivation of microorganisms.
e) Methods for measurement of microbial growth.
f) Effect of environment on microorganisms
ƒ General principles of Microbial Genetics:
a) DNA and its replication
b) Bacterial plasmids and Transposable elements
c) Recombination methods: Transfection, Transduction, Conjugation, Parasexuality.
™
LSC 403 :
Molecular Cell Biology
Unit – 1 : Evolution of the Cell:
ƒ Cell as a unit of living organisms.
ƒ Diversity of cell size and shapes,
ƒ Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells,
ƒ Single cell to multicellular organism
ƒ Cell - Cell interactions; Cell adhesions, and cell junctions
ƒ Molecular Basis of the Cell and Macromolecular recognition process,
Unit – 2 : Biomembrane and Cytoskeleton :
ƒ Molecular organization of Biomembrane: Ultrastructure and molecular composition of
membrane,
ƒ Physical and Dynamic properties of membrane,
ƒ Movement of molecules/ions across biomembrane and Human perspective-defects in
ion channels.
ƒ Cytoskeleton topography: Membrane Cytoskeleton interactions,
ƒ Microtubule and its dynamics, motor proteins,
ƒ Microfilament and its functions, Intermediate filaments and their functions
Unit – 3 : Cell Organelles I:
ƒ Molecular organization of Mitochondria
ƒ Respiratory Chain Complexes – Organization and Stoichiometry,
ƒ Q- cycle, Mechanism of Oxidative Phosphorylation, uncouplers and inhibitors;
ƒ Molecular organization of Chloroplast,
ƒ Photosynthetic pigments, Photosystem I & II
ƒ Ultrastructure and Functions of Nucleus
6
Unit – 4 : Cell Organelles II:
ƒ Molecular Organization and functions of : Endoplasmic reticulum,
ƒ Golgi complex,
ƒ Lysosomes and disease;
ƒ Microbodies: Peroxisomes,
ƒ Ribosomes,
™
LSC 404 :
Developmental Biology and Toxicology
Unit – 1 : Dynamics of Cell Growth :
ƒ Cell cycle, Cell division -molecular aspects, mechanics, regulation,
ƒ Cell growth; Growth factors,
ƒ Cell differentiations: Molecular basis of differentiation,
ƒ Cell aggregation
ƒ Cell transformation; Cell agening (senescence), Cell death
Unit – 2 : Reproduction
ƒ Histology of Gonads
ƒ Gametogenesis
ƒ Types of Ovum and eggs
ƒ Ultrastructure of Sperm
ƒ Fertilization : External , Internal , artificial , in Vitro
ƒ Embryo Transfer
Unit – 3 : Development of Embryo:
ƒ Cleavage and its patterns
ƒ Fate maps and their significance
ƒ Organizers
ƒ Gastrulation; - Embryonic germ layer, tracking of Migrating cells,
ƒ Establishing Multicellularity,
ƒ Epithelial Mesenchymal interactions.
ƒ Regeneration: Factors, fields gradients and polarity
Unit – 4 : Animal Toxicology:
ƒ General Principles and terminology,
ƒ Types of toxicity
ƒ Factors affecting toxicity,
ƒ Acute, subacute and chronic toxicity,
ƒ Classification of toxicants
ƒ Estimation of toxicity; LD50; LC50;
ƒ Teratogens, Food additives and contaminations; Air, water and soil pollutants
ƒ Genotoxicity
™
LSC 405PR :
Practical and Viva voce based on LSC 401 & LSC 402;
™
LSC 406PR :
Practical and Viva voce based on LSC 403 & LSC 404;
7
SEMESTER II
™
LSC 407 :
Principles of Plant Sciences;
Unit – 1 : Plant Cytology
ƒ Plant cell: - Structure, Models and functions of Plasma membrane,
ƒ Structure and functions of Plasmodesmata
ƒ Plant vacuole; Tonoplast membrane; functions,
ƒ Chloroplast- ultrastructure and functions; genome
Unit – 2 : Plant Physiology
ƒ Growth and Development: Concepts, qualitative – quantitative changes
ƒ Growth regulators, biosynthesis, bioassay, mechanism of action, physiological effects,
applications (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins, ABA, ethylene),
ƒ Plant Tissue Culture- basics
ƒ Physiological effects and role of jasmonic acid, polyamines, brassinosteroids, salicylic
acid
Unit – 3 : Environmental Biology
ƒ Concept and dynamics of ecosystem – Organization and functions, Types,
ƒ Energy flow, food chain, food web and trophic levels; ecological pyramids;
ƒ Biogeochemical cycles (C, N, P and S)
ƒ Ecological factors: Soil, light, water etc, Principle of limiting factors; biotic factors,
ƒ Productivity; – Biomes and productivity including biodiversity.
ƒ Population ecology – concept, types, fluctuation, factors regulating size, autecology,
morality, natality
ƒ Ecological succession and Niche theory
Unit – 4 : Plant Breeding
ƒ Plant breeding – objectives, origin, domestication, hybrid vigour
ƒ Principles and methods of plant Breeding, Self pollinated crops, cross pollinated crops,
Clonal crops
ƒ Plant Introductions – NBPGR
™
LSC 408 :
Mammalian Physiology;
Unit – 1 : Movement and Coordination
ƒ
Organization of Body
ƒ
Structure of skeletal, cardiac and smooth and Physiology of muscle contraction.
ƒ
Structure of Brain and Neurons.
ƒ
Physiology of nerve impulse conduction, excitability of membranes, electrical and
chemical transmission between cells.
ƒ
Chemical coordination - Endocrine organs and Hormones,
Unit – 2 : Respiration and Nutrition
ƒ
Physiology of respiration
ƒ
Exchange and transport of gases and its regulation.
ƒ
Physiology of digestion, regulation of food intake and digestive secretions.
ƒ
Nutrition and metabolism
Unit – 3
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
: Transport and Defence
Physiology of blood – compositions & structure, Haemopoesis, coagulation,
Heart : beat, initiation , conduction and regulation
Physiology of Circulation
Immune response
8
Unit – 4
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: Excretion and Reproduction
Internal structure of Kidney and Nephron
Fluid and electrolytes balance, Acid Base balance,
Physiology of Excretion, Roles of kidney in body water regulation.
Male Reproductive functions
Female Reproductive functions
LSC 409 :
Ethology and Evolution;
Unit – 1 : General aspect of Behaviour
ƒ
Introduction of Behaviour
ƒ
Evolutionary approach to Behaviour, Levels of Natural selection
ƒ
Genetic basis of behaviour, Hereditary and Behaviour
ƒ
Sensory world of animals – Physical stimulus and Behavioural equipments
ƒ
Behavioural patterns -Individual and Homing Behaviour,
ƒ
Instinct , imprinting and learning Behaviour; Mechanism of learning,
Unit – 2 : Interactive Behaviour
ƒ
Reproductive behavioural patterns, Courtship, Mating and Parental cares,
ƒ
Stickle Back behaviour
ƒ
Social organization and Behaviours – Dominance, Territoriality, Aggression and
social facilitation,
ƒ
Animal communication systems and role of pheromones in communication
ƒ
Dance language of the bees
ƒ
Human ethology - General aspects.
Unit – 3 : Evolution I
ƒ
Animal diversity and its significance
ƒ
Concept of Evolution,
ƒ
Origin of life on Earth
ƒ
Molecules to Cell, Origin of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell
ƒ
Source of Evolution,
ƒ
Variations; Role of Mutations; Recombination; Polyploidy; Isolation,
Unit – 4 : Evolution II
ƒ
Adaptation- various types, Habitat preference,
ƒ
Natural selection, Evolution in Action;
ƒ
Concept of Species – Speciation, Genetic drift, Hardy-Weinberg law;
ƒ
Mimicry; Polymorphism, Molecular phylogeny;
ƒ
Tempo of Evolution, Macro and Micro – evolution;
ƒ
Trends in Evolution, Future prospects.
™
LSC 410 :
Food Science and Food Microbiology
Unit – 1 : Foods, Nutrients and Human Nutrition
ƒ
Food needs and Components of Foods,
ƒ
Fate of major nutrients in human body,
ƒ
Food and Energy,
ƒ
Dietary allowances for Indians [ ICMR and WHO Recommendation ],
ƒ
Balanced Diets,
ƒ
Types of natural food stuffs and their nutritional contents,
Unit – 2 : Quality criteria and Safety of foods
ƒ
Introduction and Types of Criteria
ƒ
ICMSF Sampling plans
ƒ
Plan Stringency and Problems involved,
9
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HACCP approach,
Quality Assurance and Production Control,
Unit – 3 : Principles of Food Microbiology
ƒ
Scope and development of Food microbiology,
ƒ
Sources of Microorganisms in food,
ƒ
Factors influencing Microbial growth in Food,
ƒ
Microbial Examination of Food,
ƒ
Beneficial activities of microbes in foods : Fermented foods, Probiotics,
ƒ
Microbial spoilage of foods
ƒ
Unit – 4 : Principles of Food Preservation
ƒ
Practice of Cleaning and Sanitation,
ƒ
Use of high temperature and Canning in Food Preservation,
ƒ
Use of Low temperature in Food Preservation,
ƒ
Use of Drying , Irradiation, Modified Atmosphere and Chemical preservatives,
ƒ
Hurdle Concept
™
LSC 411PR :
Practical and Viva voce based on LSC 407 & LSC 408;
™
LSC 412PR :
Practical and Viva voce based on LSC 409 & LSC 410;
SEMESTER III
™
LSC 501 :
Immunology and Immunotechnology
Unit – 1 : Basic Immunology I
ƒ History and Significance of Immunology,
ƒ Immunity and its types,
ƒ Introduction to Immune system, Cells and Organs involved,
ƒ Complement system,
ƒ Cytokines and their significance,
ƒ Cancer and Immune responses (Tumour Immunology),
Unit – 2 : Basic Immunology II
ƒ Antigens – General Properties and Criteria for antigens, Types of Antigens
ƒ Antigenicity, MHC and HLA complex,
ƒ Immunoglobulins : Basic structure and types,
ƒ Immunogenetics : Genetic basis of Clonal selection and Generation of antibody
diversity,
ƒ In vivo antigen-antibody interactions,
Unit – 3 : Immunotechnology
ƒ In-vitro antigen-antibody reactions and diagnostic significance ,
ƒ Agglutination tests,
ƒ Precipitation and Immunoduffusion tests,
ƒ Modern tests like ELISA, (RIA), RAST, FAT,
ƒ Hybridoma technology and applications of Monoclonal antibodies,
ƒ Vaccines and immunotherapy,
Unit – 4 : Dysfunction Immunity
ƒ Hypersensitivity reactions,
ƒ Tolerance and auto-immunity; Auto immune diseases,
ƒ Immunodeficiency and their consequences, - HIV
10
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Transplantation Immunology,
Hazards of Vaccine,
LSC 502 :
Analytical and Separation Techniques
Unit – 1 : Spectroscopic Methods :
ƒ Principles of biophysical methods used for analysis of Biomolecules,
ƒ Electrochemistry: pH meter – Principles and applications,
ƒ Electromagnetic Spectrum; Light , Absorption of Light,
ƒ Principle of Spectroscopy,
ƒ Types of spectrometer/detectors: UV, Visible
ƒ ORD/CD, Fluorescence, Infra-red spectroscopy,
ƒ NMR spectrometer, X-ray Crystallography,
ƒ Flame-photometry;
ƒ Atomic absorption spectroscopy, MS and MALDI-TOF
Unit – 2 : Chromatography
ƒ Principles of Chromatographic Separation, Solvent extraction;
ƒ Theory, principle and applications of Paper, Gel-permeation(Size exclusion),
Ion-exchange and Affinity chromatography; Thin layer chromatography (TLC),
ƒ HPTLC, HPLC and Gas chromatography;
ƒ Super critical fluid Chromatography;
Unit – 3 : Centrifugation
ƒ Theory and Principles of Centrifugation, Sedimentation velocity and
Sedimentation Equilibrium
ƒ Types of Centrifugation and centrifuge machines:- Preparative and Analytical,
ƒ Differential Centrifugation, Density Gradient Centrifugation
ƒ Ultracentrifugation (velocity and buoyant density),
Unit – 4 : Electrophoresis
ƒ Basic Principles of Electrophoresis, Factors affecting Separation,
ƒ Theory and Applications of Paper, Starch, Agarose and Polyacrylamide (Native
and SDS) Gel Electrophoresis
ƒ Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
ƒ Iso-electric focussing, 2D and Capillary electrophoresis,
ƒ Blotting Techniues
™
LSC 503 :
Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Bioinstrumentation
Unit – 1 : Biostatistics and Bioinformatics
ƒ Introduction, Sample and Sample techniques,
ƒ Types and Presentation of Data, Concepts of population,
ƒ Measures of central tendency: Mean, Mode and Median,
ƒ Standard deviation and standard error,
ƒ Basic of Probability theory and theory of distribution,
ƒ Simple linear correlation and regression,
ƒ Tests of significance, ‘t’ test, chi square and applications;
ƒ ANOVA-one way and two way analysis,
ƒ Introduction to Bioinformatics, Basic concepts of biological databases;
ƒ Access to sequence databases on the Internet,
ƒ Protein and Genome Information Resources, Computer in Life Sciences,
Unit – 2 : Microscopy
ƒ Principles, working and application of Bright field and Dark field,
11
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ƒ
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Phase contrast and Interference, Differential Interference Contrast Microscope,
Fluorescence Microscopy; Immunofluorescence,
Confocal Microscopy,
Specimen fixation, processing and staining in Light Microscopy,
Unit – 3 : Bioinstrumentation
ƒ Electron Microscopy; TEM, SEM, and STEM,
ƒ Cryoelectron microscopy;
ƒ Processing of Biological sample for EM,
ƒ Special Techniques in EM: Negative staining,
ƒ Shadow casting and Freeze fracture deep etch replication techniques;
ƒ Micro CT (CAT, PET);
ƒ Cytometry and Flow Cytometry,
Unit – 4 : Radiochemical Methods :
ƒ Principles and applications of tracer techniques in biology: Techniques of RIA, IRMA,
EIA and radio receptor assay;
ƒ Radiation Dosimetry; Radioactive isotopes and half life of isotopes;
ƒ Liquid scintillation spectrometry; Autoradiography;
ƒ Principles of Bio-assay and applications,
ƒ Effect of radiation on Biological system;
™
LSC 504EA :
Elective: Applied Botany
Unit - 1. General Anatomy
ƒ Shoot and Root Apical Meristem, Cellular manifestation and factors affecting
development, Shoot apex of Pteridophyta, Gymnosperm and Angiosperm, lateral
roots, root hairs
ƒ Epidermis, stomata, trichomes, types, role
ƒ Secretory Ducts and Laticifers, types, development, function.
Unit - 2. Mendelian Genetics
ƒ Genetics – principles of inheritance, pea as a model hybrids
ƒ Gene interactions, linkage and crossing over, genetic mapping
ƒ Extra chromosomal inheritance, chloroplast, Mitochondria, genome and genes.
Unit - 3. Phytoresources
ƒ Origins of agriculture, World centers of primary diversity of domesticated Plants;
ƒ Origin, evolution, botany, cultivation and uses of Food, forage-fodder fuel, Fiber,
furnishings, flavours, Medicinal plants, and oil-yielding plants of Gujarat and India.
ƒ Non-wood forest products (NWFPs): Raw materials for paper – making, Gums and
Resins, Dyes.
ƒ Plant Tissue Culture – Introduction, requirements, methods and applications
Unit – 4. Ethnobotany and Conservation
ƒ Basic methods and approaches to study traditional knowledge, various sub disciplines
ƒ Scope, voucher specimen, verification, screening and potential applications
ƒ Conservation, principles, strategies, in situ – ex situ, protected areas, gene – seed
banks, initiatives (international/ national), IUCN.
™
LSC 504EB :
Elective: Fermentation Technology
Unit – 1 : Elements of Microbial Technology :
ƒ Concept of fermentation, Range of fermentation products and processes,
12
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ƒ
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ƒ
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Sources of Industrial Microbes: Isolation, Selection and Screening of industrially
important microbes,
Strain improvement programme,
Media formulations for fermentation process,
Bioreactor design,
Optimization and control of fermentation process parameters,
Scale-up and scale-down in bioprocess,
Unit – 2 : Upstream and Downstream Processing :
ƒ Sterilization of bioreactor, air and media,
ƒ Inoculum development,
ƒ Aeration and agitation,
ƒ Foam control,
ƒ Recovery and purification of products,
ƒ Fermentation Economics,
ƒ Quality Assurance,
Unit – 3 : Typical Microbial Fermentation Products :
ƒ Antibiotics : Penicillin,
ƒ Enzymes : Amylase,
ƒ Organic acids : Citric acid,
ƒ Organic solvents : Ethanol,
ƒ Amino acids : Lysine,
ƒ Vitamins : B12,
Unit – 4 : Microbial Biomass and Eco-Friendly Biotechnological Processes :
ƒ Biofertilizers,
ƒ Bioinsecticides,
ƒ Bio foods : Edible mushrooms , SCP , Edible algae,
ƒ Biopolymers : Bioplastic, Xanthan , Dextran,
ƒ Biofuels : Gasohol, Biogas, Hydrogen,
ƒ Bioleaching and MEOR,
™
LSC 504EC :
Elective: Molecular Biology and Animal Biotechnology
Unit – 1 : Molecular Biology :
ƒ Chromatin chemistry,
ƒ DNA, Histones, Non-histone proteins,
ƒ Organization of Chromosomes:
ƒ DNA Replication and Regulation, DNA Repair mechanism,
ƒ Transcription and Regulation of Gene Expression
ƒ Cytogenetics and Molecular genetics of Cancer; Oncogenes,
ƒ Cellular Communication: Intra cellular interactions,
ƒ Receptor ligand interaction;
ƒ Signal transduction, role of second messengers and G-proteins, Signalling
Molecules
Unit – 2 : Molecular Genetics
ƒ Isolation and Purification of DNA,
ƒ Chemical synthesis of DNA and Sequencing,
ƒ Recombinant DNA techniques, Types of vectors,
ƒ Gene cloning, Restrictions enzymes,
ƒ Introduction of DNA/Gene into living cell,
ƒ PCR system and gene amplification,
ƒ Blotting techniques,
ƒ RFLP and DNA fingerprinting, Applications in present perspective.
13
ƒ
ƒ
Human genome Project, Gene therapy, Microarrays
FISH
Unit – 3 : Animal Cell Culture
ƒ Laboratory, equipments and Conditions for Animal cell culture,
ƒ Cell dissociations and preparations of primary cell culture,
ƒ Cell synchronization of animal cells and Characterization – Measurement of Viability
and Cytotoxicity, Growth parameters
ƒ Culture media for animal cell culture and their requirements
ƒ Risks and Safety in the animal cell culture,
Unit – 4 : Animal Biotechnology
ƒ Short-term and mass cultivations,
ƒ Cultivation of specialized cells i.e. Nerve cell, skin cells and Haemopoetic stem cell
(bone marrow);
ƒ Cell Banks, Stem cells and their applications,
ƒ Techniques of Isolation and Purification of Enzymes
ƒ Various techniques used for the Immobilization of enzymes,
ƒ Applications of immobilized enzyme in Biotechnology.
™
LSC 504ED :
Elective: Molecular Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology
Unit – 1 : Endocrinology – 1 :
ƒ
Role of hypothalamus and the higher brain centres; Hypothalamo - hypophysial
complex,
ƒ
Role of classic and peptide neuromediators in the neuroendocrine regulation of
anterior pituitary hormonal release,
ƒ
Role of pineal in transduction of environmental cues,
ƒ
Structure, function and regulation of Thyroid, Adrenal, Parathyroid and Pancreas,
Unit – 2 : Endocrinology – 2 :
ƒ
Types of Hormones,
ƒ
Mechanism of hormone action,
ƒ
Membrane bound and intracellular Receptors, hormone receptor metabolism and
recycling.
ƒ
Hormones of extra endocrine sites: GI tract, Kidney, Heart, Lung, Liver,
ƒ
Pheromones in reproduction; Prostaglandins in reproduction,
ƒ
Signal transduction, Role of G-proteins and their related disorders,
ƒ
Second messengers in hormone action,
ƒ
Role of cyclic nucleotides, C-AMP- Ca interaction, Signalling Molecules,
Unit – 3 : Reproductive Biology
ƒ
Reproductive cycles and their hormonal regulation.
ƒ
Ovulation; Mechanisms; Hormonal factors;
ƒ
Luteinization, Corpus luteum and its control,
ƒ
Mammary gland: Hormonal regulation of its Structure,
ƒ
Placental hormones and their regulation.
ƒ
Foetoplacental unit as an endocrine entity,
ƒ
Fetal stem cells and their applications.
ƒ
Parturition and its regulation; Manapouse
ƒ
Biochemistry of semen, Capacitation of spermatozoa; Acrosome reaction,
ƒ
Tests for sperm viability and function,
Unit – 4 : Reproductive Technology:
ƒ
Infertility in Male and Female; Principles and techniques of fertility regulation in male
and female,
14
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Designing experiments for the study of breeding and fertility of laboratory animals,
Care of Laboratory animals;
Collection and Preservation of gametes; IVF, ETR techniques,
Cloning of animals cells, Reproductive toxicology techniques,
Prenatal Diagnostic techniques,
PCR system and Gene Amplification,
™
LSC 505PR :
Practical and Viva voce based on LSC 501 & LSC 502;
™
LSC 506PR :
Practical and Viva voce based on LSC 503 & LSC 504;
SEMESTER IV
™
LSC 507PT :
Dissertation/ Project work
Students are supposed to carryout field / laboratory training cum experimental works and prepare
a comprehensive report along with a research proposal for future career. The area should include
from basics to latest developments and discoveries, which will impart a broad training in various
disciplines of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, These students will be able to pursue careers in
pharmaceutical industries, research laboratories, clinical research organizations, school, colleges
and Universities as researcher or academician.
™
LSC 508S : Seminar and Field/Industrial Visit
Students should deliver seminar and attend the same at regular basis from syllabus, topics fro
recent advances in the subject and from prepared review of few research articles from research
Journals. Students are also required to visit nature for diversity, research institutes and industries
for real exposure in subject and qualitative interactions to understand applications of the subject.
If possible a study tour during the span of two years may be organized pertaining to different Life
Sciences/ Microbiological/ Environmental/ Biotechnological/ Pharmaceutical industries/ research
institutes/ various ecosystems, even outside Gujarat State. The study tour is highly essential for
study various concepts, processes and technology pertaining to Life Sciences.
™
LSC 509M : Assignment and Group Discussion
Department will allocate the assignment from the subject and related areas to each
student every week and arrange every week group discussion between students and also
between faculties and students.
15
™
SUGGESTED READINGS:
All important Scientific and Research Journals are to be referred for latest development in
the subject and field of Life Sciences and Biotechnology along with following books.
Sr. No
Book
Author
Publisher
Year
1.
A manual of Ethnobotany
S.K.Jain
Scientific Publisher,
Latest
Jodhpur
2.
A manual of Laboratory
C. Edward Gasque
Univ. Book Stall, N.
1990
Experiences in cell Biology
Delhi
3.
An introduction to Embryology
B. I. Balinsky
A East West Press, N
2004
Delhi
4.
An Introduction to Embryology
B.I. Ballinsky
EWPress ND
2004
5.
An Introduction to Genetic
Griffiths et al.
W. H. Freeman & Co.,
2004
Analysis
NY
6.
Anatomy and Physiology
Thibodeau G.A. & Patton K.T.
Mosby
1996
7.
Animal Behaviour
McFarland D.
8.
Animal Behaviour & Evolutionary
Alcok J.
Approach
9.
Animal Cell Culture Methods
J.P. Mather and D. Barnes
Academic Press, NY
Latest
(Methods in Cell Biology, Vol.57)
10.
Animal Cell Culture, Practical
J. R. E. Masters,
Oxford Uni. Press,
Latest
Approach,
Oxford
11.
Animal watching
Desmond Morris
Jonathan Cape, London
1990
12.
Applied Molecular Genetics.
Miesfield
Wiley & Sons Publication 1999
13.
Applied Statistics
Mukhopadhyay
Books and Allied (P.) Ltd. 2000
14.
Basic Genetics
R. F. Weaver & P. W. Hedrick
Wm C. Brown Pub,
1995
Oxford
15.
Biochemistry
C.K. Mathews, K. E. vanHolde, Pearson Education , N
2003
K. G. Ahern
Delhi
16.
Biochemistry
J. M. Berg, J. L. Tymoczko & L. W.H.Freewan & Co., NY
2004
Stryer
18.
Biochemistry and Mol. Biology
W.H. Elliott & D.C. Elliott
Oxford Press, Oxford
2005
19.
Biodiversity of Microbial Life
Ed. J.T. Staley et al
20.
Bioinformatics
Higgins & Taylor
2000
21.
Bioinformatics – A Primer,
P. Narayanan
New Age Internat. Pub.
2005
22.
Bioinformatics. Methods and
Misner & Krawetz
Humana Press, NJ
2000
Protocols.
23.
Biostatistics
A.E. Lewis
Latest
24.
Biotechnology
U. Satyanarayana
New Central Book, India
2006
25.
Carleton’s Histological
R. A. B. Drury & E.A. Willington Oxford Univ. Press,
1980
Techniques
Oxford
27.
Cell and Molecular Biology
De Robertis, E.D.P. and De
Robertis E M F
26.
Cell and Molecular Biology
Garald Karp
J. Wiley & Sons, NY
2008
28.
Cell Biology – Structure and
David E. Sadawa,
Jones and Barttett Pub.,
1993
Function
IND.
29.
Cell Biology LabFax
G.B.Dealtry & D. Rickwood
Bios Scientific Pub.
1992
30.
Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular
P.S. Verma, V.K. Agarwal
S. Chand Pub., N Delhi
2004
Biology, Evolution and Ecology
31.
Cell Growth and Division, A
R. Basega,
IRL Press, Oxford Univ.
Latest
Practical Approach.
32.
Cell in Development and
EB Wilson
MacMilan, NY
Latest
inheritance
33.
Chemistry for Life Sciences
Sutto R., Rockett B. &
Taylor & Francis, London 2000
Swindells P
34.
Chromosomes
Archana Sharma
Oxford & IBH Pub. N
1995
Delhi
35.
Commercial Floriculture
S. Prasad and U.Kumar,
Agrobotanica
1998
36.
Commercial flower Production
Utpal Banerjee
Mangal Deep Pub.,
2001
Jaipur.
37.
Comparative animal Behaviour
Donald A. Dewsbury
McGraw Hill Book
1978
38.
Concept of Ecology
Kormondy E. J.
16
39.
C.J.R. Sheppard & D. M.
Shotton
R.I. Freshney,
Chander P. Puri, Paul F. A.
vanLook
H. A. Modi
Scott F. Gilbert
R. Davis
45.
Confocal Laser Scanning
Microscopy
Culture of Animal Cells
Current concepts in Fertility
Regulation and Reproduction
Dairy Microbiology
Developmental Biology
Developments In Food
Microbiology
DNA Science
46.
47.
Ecology
Economic Botany
48.
49.
Economic Botany
Electron Microscopy in Molecular
Biology
Elementary Microbiology, Vol. 1 &
2
Elements of Biotechnology
Endocrinology, Vol. 1,2,3
Environmental Science
Krebs C. J
A.V.S.S Samba Murthy and
N.S Subramanyam
Bendre and Kumar
J. Sommerville & U. Scheer
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
Micklos & Freyer
H. A. Modi
P.K. Gupta,
L. J. Degroot.
Santra S. C.
Trevor Palmer
55.
Enzymes –Biochem, Biotech,
Clin. Chem.
Essential Endocrinology
56.
Essentials of Immunology ,
I. M. Roitt,
57.
Essentials Reproduction
M. Johnson and B. Everitt.
58.
Ethnobotany
59.
60.
61.
62.
Evolution
Evolution
Fermentation Technology Vol. I &
II
Floriculture in India
Rajiv K. Sinha and Shweta
Sinha
Eaton H.
Strickberger
H. A. Modi
63.
Flow Cytometry
G. S. Randhawa and A.
Mukhopdhyay
M.G. Ormerod
64.
Food Microbiology
M.R. Adams and M.O. Moss,
65
66.
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Fundamental of Biochemistry
67.
69.
70.
Fundamentals of Analytical
Chemistry
Fundamentals of Biostatics –
Practical Approach
Fundamentals of Ecology
Fundamentals of Enzymology
Krishan Vij
D. Voet, J. G. Voet & C. W.
Pratt
D. A. Skoog, D. M. West, F.J.
Holler, & S. R. Crouch
Dutta
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
Fundamentals of Statistics
Gene Cloning – An Introduction
General Microbiology
Genes VIII
Genetic Engineering
Genetics and origin of species
Growth of Bacterial Cell
Harper`s Biochemistry
68.
J. F. Laylook & P. H. Wise
Odum E.P.
Nicholas C. Price & Lewis
Steven
S. Gupta
Brown
M. M. Michael, J. Stanier et al
B. Lewin
S. Rastogi & N. Pathak
Dobzhansky
Ingraham et. Al.
R.K. Murray, D.K. Granner, A.
A. Mayes. And V. W. Rodwell
17
BIOS Scientific Pub., UK
1997
A. R. Liss Inc., NY
Wiley Eastern, N. Delhi
1987
1994
Aaviskar Pub, Jaipur
Sinauer Associate. Inc.
Applied Sci. Publ.,
London
Cold Spring Harbor Lab.
Press, NY
2009
1991
2004
Wiley Estern Ltd
Latest
IRL Press, Washington
DC
Akta Prakasan, Nadiad
1990
Latest
1987
1996
Rastogi R. Co., Meerut
W. B. Saunders Co., UK
New Central Book
Agency
A East West Press, N.
Delhi
ELBS, Oxford Univ.
Press
ELBS, Oxford Univ.
Press
Blackwell Sci. Pub.,
Oxford
Surbhi Publication, Jaipur
1994
1989
2001
Latest
Prentic Hall
Pointer Pub, Jaipur
2002
2008
Allied Publishers Limited
1998
Oxford Univ. Press,
Oxford
The Royal Society of
Chemistry ; Cambridge
Elsvier India
John Wiley & Sons , Asia
1994
Thomson Brooks / Cole,
USA
Kanishka Publ., N Delhi
2005
W. B. Saunders Co. Lt
Oxford Univ. Press,
Oxford
Himalaya Pub. House,
Stanley Thornes
Latest
2003
2004
1983
1998
1980
2000
2005
2006
2002
Oxford Univ. Press, UK
Oxford Uni. Press, ND
2005
1995
Latest
2004
2009
Sinauer Asso. Inc., NY
MacGraw Hill, Asia
1983
2003
79.
80.
How the internet works
HPLC Of Macromolecules
Priston Grall & Techmich
R.W.A. Oliver
81.
Verma & Babu
84.
Human Chromosomes. Manual of
Basic Techniques
Human Cytogenetics – A practical
approach (Vol. I & II)
Hybridoma technology in the
Biosciences and Medicine
Immunology
85.
Immunology (Kuby)
86.
Immunology and
Immunotechnology
Integral animal behaviour
Introduction to Practical Molecular
Biology
Introductory Food Microbiology
Light Microscopy in Biology
82.
83.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
Manipulation & Expression of
Recombinant DNA
Manual of cultivated plants
Marshall’s Physiology of
Reproduction Vol 1and 2
Medicinal Plants Of India Vol-I & II
Methods of Enzymology
vol. 185 (Gene expression)
Methods of Enzymology
vol. 152(Molecular cloning)
Microbial diversity
Microbial physiology
Modern Genetic Analysis,
Modern Toxicology, Vol. 1-3
Molecular Bio methods Hand
book
Molecular Biology LabFax
Molecular Biology of the Cell
Rooney & Czepulkowski
Ivan M. Roitt, Jonathan Brostoff
and David K. Male
R.A. Goldsby, T. J. Kindt, B. A.
Osborne, J. Kuby
A.K.Chakravarty
Glower Medical Pub.
Mosley / London
W. H. Freeman & Co. NY
2000
David E Davis.
P.D. Dabre,
MacMillian Co, NY
John Willey & Sons, NY
1967
1988
H.A. Modi
A. J. Lacey
2007
1989
Robertson et al.
Aavishkar Pub., Jaipur
IRL Press, Oxford Univ.
Press, New York,
Academic Press, NY
L.H.Bailey
G. E. Lamming.
The Macmillan CO., NY
Churchill Livingstone
1958
1990
T. Pulliah
D.V. Goeddel
Academic press, NY
1990
S. L. Berger and A.R. Kimmel
Academic Press, NY
1998
Hall State Press, NY
W.H. Freeman & CO, NY
1976
1999
Metropolitan
1985
Latest
T.A. Brown
B. Albert, A. Johnson, J. Levis,
M. Raff, K. Roberts, & P.
Walter.
Decretser.
Bios Sci. Publ., Oxford
Garland Science
1991
2002
Academic Press, NY
Latest
S. B. Primrose
Blackwell Sci. Pub.,
Oxford
Scientific American
books, USA
1994
ColdSpring Harbor Lab.
Presss, NY
Academic Press, NY
Academic Press, NY
2000
1989
Latest
Mosby, Toronto
1993
Tata McGraw Hill Pub.
ND
Chapman & Hall, UK
1990
T. A. Sringer
D. Colwd
Dawes & Southerland
Griffiths, Gilbert, Miller,
Lewontin,
P. K. Gupta & D. K. Salunkhe
Rapley & Walker
106.
Molecular Cell Biology
107.
Molecular Cloning : A Laboratory
Manual
Molecular Endocrinology
Monoclonal Antibodies : Principles
and Practice
Perspectives in Nutrition
Plant Breeding
Plant Physiology
Plant Tissue Culture
Practical biochemistry
Gordon Wardlaw & Paul Insel
B.D. Singh
Taiz L& Zeiger E
Razdan M. K.
Plummer D. T.
Prenatal Diagnosis :The Human
Side
Lenore Abramsky & Jean
Chapple
115.
1989
1992
105.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
Latest
1989
IRL Press at Oxford
University Press, NY
Plenum Press, NY
Molecular Biology of the
Reproductive System
Molecular Biotechnology
108.
109.
IRL Press, Oxford Univ.
Press, NY
Pergamon Press. USA
H. Lodish, D. Baltimore, A.
Berk, S. L. Zipursky, P.
Matsudara and J. Darnell,
J. Sambrook, E. F. Fritsch, & T.
Maniatis
F. F. Bolander.
J. W. Golding
18
Latest
2002
Latest
1997
1995
1994
116.
121.
Principles & Techniques of
Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology
Principles and Methods of
Toxicology
Principles of Anatomy and
physiology
Principles of Cell Biology
Principles of Fermentation
Technology
Principles of Genetics
122.
Principles of Genetics
123.
124.
125.
Principles of Microbiology
Protein Purification
Recent Advances in
Bioinformatics
Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA and
Biotechnology
Recombinant DNA Principles and
Methodology
Some beautiful Indian Climbers
and Shrubs
Some beautiful Indian Trees
117.
118.
119.
120.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140
Statistics & Experimental Design
Techniques in Microscopy and
Cell Biology
Textbook of Biotechnology
Textbook of Medical physiology
The Biochemistry of Cell
Signalling
The Cell: A Molecular Approach
The Eukaryotic Chromosome
The Physiology of Reproduction
Vol. 1 and 2
Theory & Practice of Histological
Techniques
Toxicology
K. Wilson & J. Walker
Cambridge University
Press, NY
2006
Hayes
Taylor and Francis
2000
Tortora G.J. & Grabowski S. R.
L. J. Kleinsmith & V.M.Kish
P. Stanbury, A. Whitaker & S.
Hall
E. J. Gardner, M. J. Simmons &
D. P. Snustad
Robert H. Tamarin
2001
Harper & Row Pub. NY
Butterworth Heinemann
1988
1995
John Wiley & Sons, NY
2001
Tata McGraw Hill, N
Delhi
2002
R. M. Atlas
Robert K. Scopes
Khan & Kanum
Springer (India), N Delhi
Ukraaz Publications
2004
2003
Watson et al.
Krenzer & Massey
W. H. Freeman & Co, NY
ASM Press, USA
1992
2000
James J Greene & Venigalla
B. Rao
N.L.Bor and M.B.Raizada
E. Blatter and Walter S.
Millard
Geoffrey M. Clarke
A. K. Sharma
H.K. Das
Guyton A.C. and Hall. J.E.
E. J. M.Helmreich
Latest
Oxford University Press
Latest
Oxford University Press
1997
Edward Arnold, UK
Tata MacGraw Hill Pub.
Co., N Delhi
1994
1991
Latest
2005
Cooper & Hausman
Bostoc & Sumner
E. Knobil and J. D. Neill.
Oxford Univ.Press, N
Delhi
A.S.M. Press, USA
Elsevier
Raven Press, NY
Bancroft & Stevens
Churchill Livingstone, NY
1990
Niesink et. Al.
CRC Press
1995
Current references will be added whenever necessary. For each topic the current
references will be given as and when needed
19
2006
1980
1988