You will need ASAP
4 different color coloring utensils
Grab 1 colored sheet of paper
Grab the white sheet beside it
Get out 2 sheets of notebook paper and begin
making a pamphlet with the colored sheet of
paper as your cover…remember to cut the edges
of one sheet and the center of the other and put
them together.
Have you homework out to be checked.
Chapter 12
Central Nervous System
Begins on page 431
Regions & Organization of the Brain
• The basic pattern of the
CNS consists of: central
cavity surrounded by
gray matter core; white
matter outside.
• Myelin contain white
matter.
• Ventricles are filled with
cerebrospinal fluid &
lined by ependymal
cells.
Adult Brain Regions
1. Cerebral Hemispheres
1
Adult Brain Regions
2. Diencephalon
1
2
Adult Brain Regions
3. Brain stem (midbrain, pons, &
medulla oblongata)
1
2
3
Adult Brain Regions
4. Cerebellum
1
2
4
3
Cerebral Hemisphere
• Forms the superior
part of the brain
• Accounts for 83% of
total brain mass
• Surface markings
– Elevated ridges of
tissue = gyri
– Shallow grooves =
sulci
– Deeper grooves =
fissures
Cerebral Hemisphere continued…
• Each cerebral hemisphere has three
basic regions:
–Superficial cortex of gray matter
–Internal white matter
–Basal nuclei
Diencephalon
• Thalamus
– Conduct impulses for interpretation & memory
processing
• Hypothalamus
– Involuntary movement, regulates body temp., food
intake, water balance, thirst, hormone levels, sleep
cycle
• Epithalamus
– Emotional responses & memory processing
Brain Stem
• Midbrain
• Pons
• Medulla oblongata
– Cardiovascular center
– Respiratory centers
– Various centers – vomiting, hiccuping,
swallowing, coughing, sneezing
Cerebellum
• Accounts for 11% of total brain
mass
• Function: proper balance,
posture, & skeletal muscle
movements
Insulary Lobe
• Frontal Lobe – controls fine motor movements (speech
production, concentration, planning, problem-solving)
• Parietal Lobe – interpretation of all senses except
hearing, smelling, and vision (understanding speech,
ability to use words, sensations felt on skin)
• Temporal – interpreting odors and hearing
(interpretations of sensations, visually remembering,
remembering through sound, learning)
• Occipital – interpretation of vision, recognizing objects
• Insulary Lobe (insula = island) found deep within the
lateral sulcus covered by the frontal, parietal, and
temporal lobes
Cerebral Cortex
• Is known as the “executive suite”
• Functions: makes us aware of ourselves,
our sensations, to communicate,
remember, understand, & to initiate
movements
• Each hemisphere (right and left) is
concerned with the opposite side of the
body’s sensory and motor functions
Cerebral Cortex
• Contains 3 functional areas:
• 1. motor areas
• 2. sensory areas
• 3. association areas
• The location of these areas are detailed in
your study guide (page 278) & book (page
437) KNOW THEM!
Motor Areas
• Found in the posterior part of the frontal
lobes
• Controls voluntary movement
• 4. Primary (somatic) motor cortex –
skeletal muscles
• 6. Premotor cortex - memory
• 1. Broca’s area – deals with speech
• 8. Frontal eye field
Sensory Areas
• Occur in the parietal, insulary, temporal, & occipital
lobes
• 3. Primary somatosensory cortex – skeletal muscles
• 7. Somatosensory association cortex – temperature,
pressure, etc…
• 10. Visual Cortex – sight
• 5. Auditory Cortex – sound
• 12 (addition) 28 & 34 book Olfactory cortex - smell
• 43 book Gustatory cortex – taste
• 50 Vestibular cortex - balance
Association Areas
• Communicate (“associate”) with motor cortex and other
sensory areas to act in light of past experiences
• Anterior association area
– Fontal lobe
– Intellect, memory, judgment, reasoning, etc.
– Develops slowly in children
• Posterior association area
– Recognizing patterns & faces
– Attention to one’s own body
• Limbic association area (medial)
– Emotional impact
Other Association Areas
(not associated with any other cortices)
• 2. Prefrontal Cortex – intellect, complex learning
abilities (cognition), recall, and personality
• 11. Wernicke’s area – language area involved
in sounding out unfamiliar words
• 9. General interpretation area – receives input
from all sensory association areas and
integrates incoming signals into a single thought
• 51. Visceral sensory area – upset stomach, full
bladder, holding breath too long