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Living Systems
Plant Kingdom Study Guide
SOLs:
5.5: The student will investigate and understand that organisms are made of cells and have distinguishing characteristics.
b) vascular and nonvascular plants
1. What do all plants have in common?
• Make their own food
•
Made up of cells
•
Cells have nuclei
2. Fill out the Venn Diagram below.
Nonvascular Plants
Vascular Plants
•
Have tubes
•
Can grow to be
tall/large
•
May have
flowers/fruit
•
Pollen
•
Have roots,
stems, & leaves
•
Both
•
Plants
•
Made of cells
•
Have nuclei
•
Have
chloroplasts
•
Life cycle
•
spores
•
Don’t have tubes
•
Pass water &
nutrients from cell
to cell
•
Live in damp places
•
Small/short
•
Examples: mosses,
liverwort
Examples: ferns,
trees, bushes
3. Define heartwood: the center of the trunk which is made of clogged tubes
4. Define sapwood: a ring around the heartwood. The sapwood tubes carry water and
nutrients.
5. Define bark: the outside layer of the trunk. It contains living tubes that carry
food, and dead cells that protect the tree.
6. What do plant roots do?
• Store food
• Anchor the plant
• Take in water and nutrients
7. What do plant stems do?
• Transport food, water, and nutrients
• Support leaves
8. Define xylem: the tubes that transport water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves
9. Define phloem: the tubes that carry food from the leaves to other parts of the plant
10. What do plant leaves do? Leaves use water, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and sunlight to
make food for the plant.
11. Define photosynthesis: the process by which plants make food
12. Define chlorophyll: a pigment, or coloring matter, that helps plants use light energy to
produce sugars. Chlorophyll gives leaves their green color.
13. How do simple vascular plants reproduce? They reproduce with spores
14. What is a gymnosperm? A gymnosperm is a vascular plant with unprotected seeds. The
most common type of gymnosperms are conifers, or cone bearing plants, such as pine
trees.
15. What is an angiosperm? An angiosperm is a vascular, flowering plant. There are more
than 235,000 kinds of angiosperms on Earth.
leaves
(make chlorophyll)
roots
(anchor plant, carry water and
nutrients, and store food)