KLK – Belt Press System
Improving Palm Oil Mill
Performance – Ways towards
Low Carbon Palm Oil
By KLK
KLK – Belt Press System
CONTENT :
1. EU RED Requirements
2. Existing GHG Emissions
3. Methods on Reducing/Minimise GHG Emissions
4. Belt-Press System in KLK Malaysia
5. Summary
KLK – Belt Press System
EU RED : GHG REQUIREMENTS - BIOFUELS & BIOLIQUIDS
KLK – Belt Press System
Minimum, 35% GHG Savings Must be Achieved
Compared to the Fossil Reference
2017 : New Threshold of 41.9 gCO2/MJ
KLK – Belt Press System
ELEMENTS IN THE VALUE CHAIN : GHG EMISSIONs
KLK – Belt Press System
EXISTING GHG EMISSIONS IN POM & ESTATES
• Cultivation Operation
 LAND USE CHANGE
 Amount of Fertilizer (e.g. Nitrogen based fertilizer)
Others
 Amount of Pesticide
 Total Diesel Consumption (including
transportation)
 Total Consumption of Electricity
POME : 95 – 99%
(e.g. from National Grid)
• Milling Operation
 TOTAL POME FORMED (e.g. Methane [CH4] emission)
 Total Diesel Consumption (including transportation)
 Total Consumption of Electricity (e.g. from National Grid)
KLK – Belt Press System
METHODS TO REDUCE/MINIMISE GHG EMISSIONS
Methane Capture & Electricity Generation
 Biomass i.e. shell & fibre option for sale
 Carbon credits, reduce methane emissions
and replaced fossil fuels
Methane Capture & Flaring
 Cheaper than Method A
 Carbon credits, reduce methane emissions
Co-Composting of EFB & POME
 Good recycle of nutrients - as an organic fertilizer
 GHG emissions reduced when raw POME is used
[Method A]
KLK – Belt Press System
BELT-PRESS PLANT
KLK – Belt Press System
BELT PRESS PLANT
CH4
CH4
CH4
CH4
CH4
CH4
Final Discharge
Belt-Press Schematic Flow
KLK – Belt Press System
Anaerobic Pond
Belt-Press
Raw Effluent Buffer Tank
Sedimentation Tank
pH Adjustment
Polymer Tank
Sludge
Water
To clean belt-press
Solid
As organic fertilizer
KLK – Belt Press System
HIGH PRESSURE
PRESSING ZONE
LOW PRESSURE
PRESSING ZONE
E.T.
PONDS
GRAVITY
DRAINAGE ZONE
SLUDGE
CONCENTRATION
TANK
MIXING
TANK
POLYMER
TANK
KLK – Belt Press System
BELT PRESS CAKE
KLK – Belt Press System
BELT - PRESS FACILITY
• Suitable for small POM
• Lower capital cost [ ~ RM700K ] compared to methane
capture
• Minimum requirement for de-silting of pond – save
cost and land space
• Recycle nutrients – solid removed is used as organic
fertilizer
• BOD reduction
• Preliminary GHG savings: 0.178 kg CH4/kg COD
KLK – Belt Press System
Belt Press Data :
Performance
Figure
Average Flow Rate
18 – 22 m3/hr
Electricity Consumption
~ 30 kW
Water Consumption
4 mt/hr
Polymer Dosage
1.6 kg/hr
Solids Produced
1.5 mt/hr
14
KLK – Belt Press System
Belt Press Performance Data :
Parameters
Before
Belt
Press
After
Belt
Press
Reduction
COD (mg/l)
41,247
838
98.0 %
Suspended Solids (mg/l)
37,200
519
98.6 %
BOD (mg/l)
4,139
91
97.8 %
15
KLK – Belt Press System
BOD Trend of Final Discharge
300
250
200
150
BELT PRESS DEWATERING
SYSTEM
100
50
0
Sep-08
May-09
Jan-10
Sep-10
Jun-11
Feb-12
Oct-12
Jun-13
Mar-14
KLK – Belt Press System
COMPARISON OF NUTRIENT CONTENTS:
Dry Basis (%)
Moisture
(%)
N
Total P2O5
Belt Press Solid
78.1
4.37
2.87
1.13
1.62
* Decanter Cake
72.0
2.42
0.51
1.24
0.54
* Boiler Ash
17.0
0.14
2.78
21.1
1.26
* EFB
30.0
0.44
0.14
2.24
0.36
Sample
Total K2O Total MgO
* Source from (Khalid Haron et al., 2008) & (Ravi Menon, 2003)
17
KLK – Belt Press System
APPLICATION OF SOLIDS IN OIL PALM FIELD:
Solids were applied to oil palm fields at the rate of 60kg/palm.
18
KLK – Belt Press System
SUMMARY
• Methane gas emission from POME ponds represents a
huge part of palm oil supply chain GHG emissions.
• Methane capture is the most effective method in
reducing methane gas emission; however, high capital
cost has been a limiting factor.
• There is a need to consider alternative methods to
arrest the methane emission problem.
• Methane Avoidance method appears to have high
potential to fill this gap. E.g. Belt-Press Facility.