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Vol 9 No. 1 April 2015
Journal of Geomatics
3.2.2 Climatic Quality Factor (CQF)
Long term information on the wind speed, moisture
profile and temperature regimes mainly explain the
climatic conditions of the area. Moisture profile and
temperature are accounted in this work through aridity
index and have been used to compute climatic factor of
the study area. Climatic factor based on aridity index
and wind speed, has been computed using the
following equation:
CQF = (Aridity Index Wind Speed)1/2
(2)
3.2.2.1 Aridity index: Aridity index is the numerical
expression indicating the dryness of a region. Aridity
Index was computed using the Bagnouls-Gaussen
aridity index classification method (Bagnouls and
Gaussen, 1953). This classification is based on average
monthly temperature and precipitation. It gives more
precise climatic classification and the climate
identification is obtained by determining separately the
numbers of dry and wet months. The BagnoulsGaussen aridity (BGI) is calculated as:
12
BGI = (2ti Pi) ki
(3)
=1
where t is the average monthly air temperature (ºC), k
is a coefficient indicating number of months in which
2t>p and pi is the average rainfall of the month (mm), i
is the number of months (values ranges from 1 to 12).
The aridity index classes were further assigned scores
ranging from 100 to 200 (Table 3).
variability of elevation of the topographic surface of
the study area. Surface roughness is determined in the
terms of variability of elevation values, generally
expressed as the absolute standard deviation of all
values with in a window (Frankel and Dolan, 2007).
Surface roughness was computed by the following
formula (Frankel and Dolan, 2007)
1
= 2
(4)
=1
where N= number of pixels in the moving window of
(3×3 pixels), hn=difference of elevation between the nth
pixel in the concerning patch and mean value. Surface
roughness values are assigned (Table 6)
Table 4: Classification of wind speed
Beaufort scale Wind speed equivalent
number
and at a standard height of
description
10 meters above open
flat ground (m/s)
Calm, Light Air
0-1.5
Light breeze,
1.6-5.4
Gentle breeze
3.4-10.7
Moderate
breeze, Fresh
breeze
Strong breeze,
10.8-20.7
Near gale, Gale
Strong Gale,
20.8->32.7
Storm, Violent
Storm
Score
100
125
150
175
200
Table 3: Aridity index range
Index
<50
50-75
75-100
100-125
>125
Climate type
Humid
Moist
Medium
Dry
Very Dry
Score
100
125
150
175
200
3.2.2.2 Wind speed: Wind speed affects the rate of
erosion because of the change in strength of the wind.
According to the magnitude of wind speed, the surface
soil gets abraded, eroded and suspended. Hence, wind
speed was classified according to the Beaufort scale
(WMO, 1970) and each class was given a score (Table
4) so that it can be integrated with the aridity index to
calculate the climate quality index.
Aridity index and wind speed were used to generate
the Climate Quality Factor and then the scores was
given after grouping the climate quality factor in five
prominent classes (Table 5).
3.2.3 Surface roughness factor
Surface roughness is a key term used to both identify
the individual landforms and determine the processes
acting upon them (Hobson, 1972). Surface roughness
is measured or rather described in terms of
geomorphometry as surface elevation values. We have
used surface roughness as an expression of the
Table 5: Climate quality index with respect to wind
erosion
Erodibility class
Score
Very High
High
Medium
Low
175-200
150-175
125-150
100-125
Table 6: Scores of surface roughness with respect to
wind erosion
Surface
Erodibilty
Score
roughness
class
Index
1-14
Very High
200
14-27
High
175
27-40
Medium
150
40-53
Low
125
53-66
Very Low
100
3.2.4 Vegetation density
Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) has
been used for generating vegetation density map.
LISS-III image of October, 2011 has been used for
creating NDVI map of the study area. Wind erosion
shows a significant reduction in effect when vegetation
cover exceeds beyond 20-30% (Armbrust and Bilbro,
43
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