Organic functional groups and reactions practice problems
1) Name the functional group present in the following compounds. Name the molecule if possible.
CH3 -CH2 -SH
O
CH3- C -H
CH3 -CH2-O-CH2 -CH3
O
CH3-CH2 - C -CH3
CH3-CH2-NH2
CH3
HO - CH - Cl
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2 -COOH
CH3 O CH2
CH3-CH2-CHO
C H3
2) Name each of the following.
O
O
CH3- C -CH3
O
CH3-CH- C -CH3
CH3-CH2- C -CH2-CH2-CH3
O
CH3-CH2- C -CH2-CH3
C H3
1
3) The common name for the compound CH3 CH2 CH2
O CH2 CH3 is
4) How many hydrogen atoms is the carbonyl group in a ketone bonded to?
A) none
B) one
C) two
D) three
E) four
4)
5) Saturated hydrocarbons
A) contain at least one double bond.
B) contain at least one triple bond.
C) contain both a double and a triple bond.
D) contain a benzene ring.
E) have only single bonds.
5)
6) The reaction of butane with oxygen is called a(n)
A) titration.
B) addition.
C) substitution.
D) neutralization.
E) combustion.
6)
7) Hydrogenation and hydration of alkenes are examples of ___________________ reactions.
A) condensation
B) combustion
C) addition
D) substitution
E) neutralization
7)
8) The hydrogenation of an alkene gives a(n)
A) alkene.
B) alkyne.
C) benzene.
8)
D) isomer.
E) alkane.
9) The reaction of an alkene and water in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce an alcohol is
called
A) halogenation.
B) hydration.
C) hydrohydration.
D) alkoholysis.
E) hydrolysis.
9)
10) The dehydration of an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid yields
A) an alkene.
B) an alcohol.
C) an alkane.
D) an aldehyde.
E) a ketone.
10)
11) In a tertiary alcohol, how many alkyl groups are attached to the carbon atom bonded to the -OH
group?
A) none
B) one
C) two
D) three
E) four
11)
2
12) Which of the following compounds is a secondary alcohol?
A) CH3-O-H
B)
12)
OH
CH3-CH2 -C- CH3
C H3
C) CH3 - CH-O-CH3
C H3
D)
CH3
CH3- C -CH3
OH
E) CH3 - CH - OH
C H3
13) When a primary alcohol is oxidized, the product is a ____________________.
14) When a secondary alcohol is oxidized, the product is a ____________________.
15) When a tetiary alcohol is oxidized, the product is a ____________________.
16) In the oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone, there is
A) a loss of oxygen.
B) a gain of oxygen.
C) a loss of hydrogen.
D) a gain of hydrogen.
E) a loss of carbon.
16)
17) Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized because
A) the alcohol carbon is too electronegative to have hydrogen removed from it.
B) the alcohol carbon is bonded to four groups so no oxygen can be added to it.
C) the alcohol carbon is bonded to four groups so no hydrogen can be added to it.
D) there are no hydrogen atoms attached to the alcohol carbon.
E) there are no oxygen atoms to remove from the alcohol carbon.
17)
3
18) Thiols are strong-smelling compounds responsible for
A) flowery odors.
B) skunky or bad smelling odors.
C) sharp odors.
D) fruity odors.
E) salty odors.
18)
19) Thiols can be gently oxidized to
A) carboxylic acids.
B) ketones.
C) thioethers.
D) thioesters.
E) disulfides.
19)
20) Complete the following reaction:
CH3-CH3 + Br2
21) What is the product of the hydrogenation of 2-butene?
22) Complete the following reaction:
CH3-CH=CH-CH2 -CH3 + H2
23) Complete the following reaction:
CH2=CH-CH2 -CH3 + Br2
24) Complete the following reaction:
+ H2
4
25) What is the product of the reaction shown below?
CH3- CH2 - CH = CH2 + H2 O
acid
26) What is the product of the reaction shown below?
CH3- CH = CH-CH3 + H2 O
acid
27) Complete the following reaction:
+ H2O
28) Complete the following reaction:
CH3 CH2 CH2 OH
acid
29) Complete the following reaction:
acid
30) Write the equation that describes the dehydration of 2-methyl-2-butanol:
5
31) What is the product when this compound undergoes gentle oxidation?
CH3
CH3 - C - CH2 - CH2 - OH
o
C H3
32) What is the product when this compound undergoes complete oxidation?
CH3
CH3 - C - CH2 - CH2 - OH
o
C H3
33) What is the product when this compound undergoes complete oxidation?
34) What is the product when this compound undergoes complete oxidation?
o
35) What is the product when this compound undergoes complete oxidation?
CH3
CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - C - OH
o
C H3
6
36) Are the two compounds shown below best described as cis-trans isomers, constitutional isomers, or not
isomers?
37) Are the two compounds shown below best described as cis-trans isomers, constitutional isomers, or not
isomers?
38) Are the two compounds shown below best described as cis-trans isomers, constitutional isomers, or not
isomers?
39) Are the two compounds shown below best described as cis-trans isomers, constitutional isomers, or not
isomers?
40) Are the two compounds shown below best described as cis-trans isomers, constitutional isomers, or not
isomers?
41) An enantiomer is
A) a constitutional isomer.
B) a geometric isomer.
C) a diastereomer.
D) a stereoisomer that is not a mirror image of another molecule.
E) a stereoisomer that is a mirror image of another molecule.
41)
42) Chirality occurs when stereoisomers have mirror images that are
A) superimposable.
B) identical.
C) not superimposable.
D) just not right for each other.
E) the same, but not identical....
42)
7
43) How many different groups are required on a carbon atom for it to be chiral?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) Any number from 1 to 4; chiralty does not depend on substitution.
44) Which of the following terms best describes the pair of compounds shown: enantiomers, or the same
compound?
45) Draw and name all of the isomers of C7 H16
8
43)