The Druzhe Tito figure on
YouTube
Mare Kõiva, Andres Kuperjanov ELM Folklore Department
Supported by ESF grant 8147
Tito Street in New Delhi, India
YouTube is one of the most well-known sites of
participatory media in the contemporary online
environment, and it is the first genuinely mass-popular
platform for user-created video.
Druže Tito – reflections in YouTube
1) Kumrovec – open air museum, birthplace of Tito,
excursions, secular pilgrimages (?), celebration of youth
day
2) historical documentary/biography - symbols
3) parodies - stereotypes
Methods
Cultural Convergence - Henry Jenkins,
secular pilgrimages (J. P. Margry) versus celebrities
(I. Povedak)
Stereotypes and stereotyping, ethnic pride and selfesteem (Anthony G. Greenwald, Mahzarin R. Banaji)
Sources: YouTube,
personal experience :)
Celebrities
YouTube representation of politics and identity
Folk hero a positive or negative character in the centre
Different historical periods mark and characterize the
ideal heroes as well.
The concept of hero is used for three character types
(Povedak 2009):
1) central characters of historical myths who were once
outstanding figures, however their memory is primarily
present in written culture
2) historical actors, primarily politicians - “historical
heroes” whose memory and cult is still alive.
3) hero concerning the outstanding figures of our age,
the “postmodern heroes” or celebrities.
Some Great Leaders ....
Father of all People Stalin
Some Great Leaders ....
Father of all People Stalin
Foreman Mao
Some Great Leaders ....
Father of all People Stalin
Foreman Mao
Great Leader Kim Ir Sen (Kim Il Sung)
Some Great Leaders ....
Druzhe
Tito
Josip Broz Tito (born Josip Broz; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Јосип
Броз Тито; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav
revolutionary and statesman.
He was Secretary-General (later President) of the League of
Communists of Yugoslavia (1939–80), and went on to lead the
World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Yugoslav Partisans
(1941–45).
After the war, he was the Prime Minister (1943–63) and later
President (1953–80) of the Socialist Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the
rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander
of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA).
Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892 in Kumrovec, Croatia-Slavonia,
Austria-Hungary. He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz.
His father, Franjo Broz, was a Croat, while his mother Marija (born
Javeršek) was a Slovene.
Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892 in Kumrovec, Croatia-Slavonia,
Austria-Hungary. He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz.
His father, Franjo Broz, was a Croat, while his mother Marija (born
Javeršek) was a Slovene.
1. Kumrovec
a. spontaneous festival, supported by local turism & economy
Youth Day (Dan Mladosti in Serbo-Croatian) was celebrated throughout
Yugoslavia on May 25. This was also a celebration of Josip Broz Tito's
birthday.
Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892 in Kumrovec, Croatia-Slavonia,
Austria-Hungary. He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz.
His father, Franjo Broz, was a Croat, while his mother Marija (born
Javeršek) was a Slovene.
1. Kumrovec
a. spontaneous festival, supported by local turism & economy
b. secular pilgrimage
or festival & celebration
Dan Mladosti in Kumrovec 2008/symbols
Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892 in Kumrovec, CroatiaSlavonia, Austria-Hungary. He was the seventh child of
Franjo and Marija Broz. His father, Franjo Broz, was a
Croat, while his mother Marija (born Javeršek) was a
Slovene.
In 1907 he moved out of the rural environment and started
working as a machinist's apprentice in Sisak. There, he
became aware of the labor movement and celebrated 1
May - Labour Day for the first time. In 1910, he joined the
union of metallurgy workers and at the same time the
Social-Democratic Party of Croatia and Slavonia.
In the autumn of 1913, he was drafted into the AustroHungarian Army
2. Biography. In the first post war years Tito, former head of
partizan movement, was widely considered a communist leader
very loyal to Moscow, indeed, he was often viewed as second only
to Stalin in the Eastern Bloc.
On 28 June, the other Cominform member countries expelled
Yugoslavia, citing "nationalist elements" that had "managed in the
course of the past five or six months to reach a dominant position
in the leadership" of the CPY.
Stalin took the matter personally – for once, and attempted,
unsuccessfully, to assassinate Tito on several occasions. In a
correspondence between the two leaders, Tito openly wrote:
Stop sending people to kill me. We've already captured
five of them, one of them with a bomb and another with a
rifle (...) If you don't stop sending killers, I'll send one to
Moscow, and I won't have to send a second
The event was significant not only for Yugoslavia and
Tito, but also for the global development of socialism,
since it was the first major split between Communist
states, casting doubt on Comintern's claims for socialism
to be a unified force that would eventually control the
whole world, as Tito became the first (and the only
successful) socialist leader to defy Stalin's leadership in
the COMINFORM.
This rift with the Soviet Union brought Tito much
international recognition
Under Tito's leadership, Yugoslavia became a founding member
of the Non-Aligned Movement.
In 1961, Tito co-founded the movement with Egypt's Gamal
Abdel Nasser, India's Jawaharlal Nehru, Indonesia's Sukarno
and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah, in an action called The Initiative
of Five (Tito, Nehru, Nasser, Sukarno, Nkrumah), thus
establishing strong ties with third world countries. This move
did much to improve Yugoslavia's diplomatic position. On 1
September 1961, Josip Broz Tito became the first SecretaryGeneral of the Non-Aligned Movement.
Under Tito's leadership, Yugoslavia became a founding member
of the Non-Aligned Movement.
Under Tito's leadership, Yugoslavia became a founding member
of the Non-Aligned Movement.
On 1 January 1967, Yugoslavia was the first communist country
to open its borders to all foreign visitors and abolish visa
requirements.
On 16 May 1974, the new Constitution was passed, and Josip
Broz Tito was named President for life.
Tito became increasingly ill over the course of 1979.
He died at the Medical Centre Ljubljana from the gangrene on 4
May 1980 at 3:05 pm.
Based on the number of attending politicians and state
delegations, at the time it was the largest state funeral in
history. They included four kings, 31 presidents, six princes,
and 69 ministers, from 128 different countries
Druzhe Tito mi ti se Kunemo - TOP 5
1. Slideshow
2. MixDoc
3. Slideshow
4. MixDoc
5. Parody
3. Parodies
1. Project Marshal by
Predrag Vušović Pređo
(1960-2011)
2. Medley of Partizan Songs and YUGO by
Rock Partizani
3. Punk Rock version of Druzhe Tito
4. Some idiotic home videos
Conclusions
* YouTube representation of politics and identity is a
possibility to sacralize or desacralize important events
and persons.
* Life stories appearing in the media are simplified
versions, certain parts emphasized and other left out,
resulting in a life that resembled that of folktale heroes.
* Psychological factors, the invention of heroes is also
brought to life by the fact that common historical
remembrance is not primarily connected to events but
persons.
* A historical hero may re-establish the shattered
cultural canon. The living cult of historical heroes is
in every case related to the national identity and
safety.
* Important role have emotions like nostalgia, humor;
also music & symbols, making fun, masking and
ENTERTAINMENT.