ImmunizationFactsandFigures
Nov2015Update
Vaccinessavechildren’slives
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Immunizationisoneofthemostsuccessfulpublichealthinitiatives.Eachyear,vaccinationavertsanestimated
2-3milliondeathsfromdiphtheria,tetanus,pertussis(whoopingcough)andmeasles.Thesearealllife1
threateningdiseasesthatdisproportionatelyaffectchildren .
Thankstoimmunization,smallpoxhasbeeneradicatedandweareonthecuspofaworldfreefrompolio.
Since2000,GAVI,theVaccineAlliance,ofwhichUNICEFisafoundingpartner,hassupportedthevaccination
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of500millionchildrenintheworld’spoorestcountries,savinganestimated7millionlives .
…Butnearlyoneinfivechildrenstillmissoutonbasicvaccinesthatcouldmeanthedifference
betweenlifeanddeath
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Approximately17%ofdeathsinchildrenunderfivearevaccine-preventable.Anestimated1.5millionchildren
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dieannuallyfromdiseasesthatcanbepreventedbyimmunization .
Ifallchildrenwereimmunizedwithexistingvaccines,wecouldsavenearly25millionlivesbetween2011and
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2020 .
In2014,anestimated86percentofinfantsworldwidewerevaccinatedwiththreedosesofthevaccine
requiredtofullyimmunizethemagainstdiphtheria,tetanusandpertussis(DTP3vaccine)–upfrom20%in
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1980 .Thesethreediseasesarepotentiallyfatalforchildrenunder5.(Additionaldatahere:
http://data.unicef.org/child-health/immunization.)
Morethan60percentofthechildrenwhohavenotreceivedthreedosesofDTP-containingvaccineduring
2014liveintencountries:DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,Ethiopia,India,Indonesia,Iraq,Nigeria,Pakistan,
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Philippines,UgandaandSouthAfrica .
Childrenwhoareborntoundereducatedwomenarethemostlikelytobeunimmunized.Ifallmothersinlow
andmiddleincomecountrieshadprimaryeducation,childvaccinationagainstdiphtheria,tetanusand
whoopingcoughwouldincreaseby10%.Childvaccinationagainstthesediseaseswouldincreaseby43%ifall
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mothersinthesecountrieshadsecondaryeducation .
Polio:
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Wearecloserthanevertoendingpolio.In1988therewere350,000casesofpoliointheworldandin2014,
only359.Neverbeforeinthehistoryofthediseasehavetherebeensofewchildreninsofewcountrieswith
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thecripplingvirus .
Today,thankstotheglobaleffortforpolioeradication,allbutjusttwocountries(AfghanistanandPakistan)
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haveeliminatedpoliowithintheirborders .
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http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs378/en/
http://gaviprogressreport.org/2014/#page=15 GAVI 2014 Annual Report Page 7#
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http://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/diseases/en/ and http://www.who.int/gho/immunization/en/ - 2008
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Global Vaccine Action Plan, p. 116
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http://www.unicef.org/immunization/files/Global_immunization_coverage.pdf
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http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/Global_Immunization_Data.pdf?ua=1
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Education for All Monitoring Report 2013/14, p. 160: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Library/Documents/gmr-2013-14teaching-and-learning-education-for-all-2014-en.pdf
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http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/
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http://www.polioeradication.org/
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Measles:
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Measlesvaccineshaveavertedanestimated17.1milliondeathsbetween2000and2014 .
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Measlescontinuestokillabout400childreneachday,mainlyinAfricaandAsia .
In2014,morethan60percentoftheestimated21.5millionchildrenwhowerenotvaccinatedagainst
measles,liveinonlysixcountries:India,Nigeria,Pakistan,Indonesia,Ethiopia,andtheDemocraticRepublicof
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Congo .
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Maternalandneonataltetanus:
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Maternalandneonataltetanusisadiseasethatkilled49,000newbornsin2013alone .
Whilethediseasehasbeeneliminatedfrom35outof59high-riskcountriessince1999throughvaccination,it
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persistsaspublichealthproblemin24countries,mainlyinAfricaandAsia .Thisisa94%reductionfrom
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1998 .
Newvaccinescanprotectagainstpneumoniaanddiarrhea16-themostprevalentandlethalinfections
forchildren.
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Aquarterofchilddeathsareduetopneumoniaordiarrhoea .
Bytheendof2014,UNICEFhelpedprotectover47millionchildrenfrompneumoniabysupportingthe
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introductionofthepneumococcalconjugatevaccinein73Gavi-supportedcountries .
WithsupportfromUNICEF,over20millionchildrenwereprotectedfromseverediarrhoeawiththerotavirus
vaccine.Severediarrhoeakillsover531,000childreneachyear.
Oralcholeravaccine19
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In2014,UNICEFandpartnerssupportedfivecountriesinstockpilingdosesoftheoralcholeravaccine:
Ethiopia,SouthSudan,Guinea,HaitiandNepal.
Theglobalstockpileofcholeravaccineshashelpedvaccinate600,000peopletodate.
UNICEF’sRoleinworldwidechildhoodimmunization:
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UNICEFanditspartnerssupportimmunizationprogrammesin100countriestohelpallchildrenreachtheirfull
potential.Activitiesinclude:
o Communicationfordevelopmenttoworkwithcommunitiesandcreatedemandforvaccines.
o Vaccineprocurementandcoldchain:forvaccinepurchasesanddelivery,improvingcoldchainsand
monitoring.In2014,UNICEFprocured2.71billiondosesofvaccinesforavalueofnearlyUS$1.5billion.
o Policysupportandtechnicalassistancetohelpgovernmentpartnerstoimproveroutineimmunization
servicesandrolloutimmunizationcampaignsmoreeffectively,toreacheachandeverylastchild.
UNICEFistheworld’slargestbuyerofvaccines,reaching40%oftheworld’schildren.
UNICEFisacorepartneroftheGlobalAllianceforVaccinesandImmunization(GAVI),theMeaslesandRubella
Initiative;theMaternalandNeonatalTetanusElimination(MNTE)initiative;andtheGlobalPolioEradication
Initiative(GPEI),inadditiontoworkingcloselywithsisterUNAgencies,donorandprogrammecountries
governments,internationaldevelopmentandfinanceorganizationsandthepharmaceuticalindustrytomake
immunizationaccessibletoallchildren.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/measles-vaccination/en/
http://www.measlesrubellainitiative.org/resources/advocacy-tools/2015-fact-sheet/
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http://www.measlesrubellainitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/measles-factsheet2015.pdf
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http://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/MNTE_initiative/en/
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http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs378/en/
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ibid
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CHERG-WHO 2014 and http://www.gavi.org/about/mission/facts-and-figures/
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ibid
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http://gaviprogressreport.org/2014/ p.21
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GAVI 2014 progress report. P.21
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***************Aboutvaccine-preventablechildhooddiseases******************
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Diphtheriaisaseriousdiseasecausedbyapotentbacterialtoxin.Itcausesathickcoatinginthebackofthe
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noseorthroatthatmakesithardtobreatheorswallow.Itcanbedeadly .
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HepatitisBisaseriousinfectionthataffectstheliver.Itleadstochronicliverdiseaseandputspeopleathigh
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riskofdeathfromcirrhosisandcancerofliver .
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HaemophilusinfluenzaetypeB(Hib)cancauseacuterespiratoryinfections,meningitisandotherserious
diseasesalmostexclusivelyinchildrenundertheageof5.
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Measlesisahighlycontagiousrespiratorydiseasecausedbyavirus .Measlescausesfever,runnynose,cough
andrashesalloverthebody.In2014,therewere114900measlesdeathsglobally–about314deathsevery
dayor13deathseveryhour.
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Pertussis(whoopingcough)isahighlycontagiousrespiratorydisease,whichproducesviolent,uncontrollable
coughingwhichoftenmakesithardtobreathe.Pertussismostcommonlyaffectsinfantsandyoungchildren
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andcanbefatal,especiallyinbabieslessthan1yearofage .
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Pneumococcaldiseasecancausepneumonia,meningitis,orbloodinfection.Initsworstforms,pneumococcal
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diseasekillsoneinthreepeoplewhocontractit .Pneumoniaisoneoftheleadingcausesofchilddeath
aroundtheworld.
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Polio(poliomyelitis)mainlyaffectschildrenunderfiveyearsold.Onein200infectionsleadstoirreversible
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paralysis.Amongthoseparalyzed,5%to10%diewhentheirbreathingmusclesbecomeimmobilized .
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Rotavirusistheleadingcauseofseverediarrhoeaininfantsandyoungchildren.Globally,diarrhoeacauses
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morethanhalfamilliondeathseachyearinchildrenunder5 .
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Childrenwhosemothershaverubelladuringtheearlystagesofpregnancyoftencontractcongenitalrubella
syndrome(CRS).ChildrenwithCRSarebornwithlifelongdisabilitiesandareatriskforotherdevelopmental
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problemssuchascongenitalheartdiseaseandmentalretardation .
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Mothersandtheirnewbornscontracttetanus,anextremelydeadlydisease,whendeliverieshappenin
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unhygienicconditions–especiallyinremoteandareas withoutaccesstohealthfacilities .Tetanuscanbe
easilypreventedbytetanusvaccines,hygienicdeliveryandgoodcordcarepractices.
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Tuberculosis(TB)isadiseasethattypicallyattacksthelungs.Ifnottreatedproperly,TBdiseasecanbefatal .
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Yellowfeverisfoundintropicalclimatesandistransmittedtohumansbythebiteofaninfectedmosquito.
Illnessrangesinseverityfromaself-limitedfebrileillnesstosevereliverdiseasewithbleeding.Upto50%of
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peoplewhodevelopsevereillnessandarenottreatedmaydie .
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http://www.who.int/ith/diseases/diphtheria/en/
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/index.html
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http://www.who.int/immunization_monitoring/diseases/pertussis/en/
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http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/pneumo/default.htm#disease
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http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/
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http://www.who.int/nuvi/rotavirus/en/
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http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs367/en/
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http://www.unicef.org/media/media_45487.html?p=printme
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http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/index.html
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http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/
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http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/