Study Guide
Chapter 16
Name ____________________________________ Date _____________ Class _____________
Directions: As you read the chapter, answer the following questions. Later, you can
use this study guide to review chapter information.
Fluid Power
1. Define fluid power and fluids. List two fluids.
Fluid
power is the use of liquids or gases under pressure to move objects or
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perform
other tasks. A fluid is any substance that flows. Liquids and gases are
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fluids.
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2. Which fluid power system uses liquids? Which uses gases?
Hydraulic
systems use liquids, and pneumatic systems use gases.
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Fluid Science
3. Name the three states of matter and explain what determines the differences
between the three.
Solid,
liquid, and gas. The state in which matter exists depends on how tightly
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its
molecules are held together. Solids have molecules that are strongly linked.
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The
molecules of liquids are loosely held together. Gas molecules are even less
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tight
and can move in all directions.
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4. Which state of matter has no definite volume and will fill any shape or size of
container?
Gas.
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(Continued on next page)
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Study Guide Ch. 16 (continued)
5. Name and describe the two basic scientific principles used in fluid power systems.
Boyle’s
law: As a container is made smaller, pressure on the gas increases and
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the
volume of the gas decreases. Pascal’s principle: When force is applied to a
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confined
liquid, the resulting pressure is transmitted unchanged to all parts of
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the
liquid.
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Hydraulic Systems
6. What basic characteristic of liquids makes them ideal for transferring force?
Liquids
cannot be compressed.
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7. For what uses are hydraulic systems ideal?
Systems
where strength and accuracy are required.
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8. Which part in a hydraulic system provides pressure to the system? Which limits
that pressure?
The
pump provides pressure. The relief valve limits pressure.
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9. Explain the role of a control valve in hydraulic systems.
Control
valves open and close to direct the oil to the proper location in the
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system.
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10. Name five major industries that use hydraulic systems.
Manufacturing,
transportation, construction, agriculture, and the entertainment
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industry.
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(Continued on next page)
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Study Guide Ch. 16 (continued)
Pneumatic Systems
11. What gas is usually used in pneumatic systems?
Air.
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12. List the main components of a basic pneumatic system.
Compressor,
receiver, check valve, control valve, and actuator.
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13. What component is present in both pneumatic and hydraulic systems?
Control
valve.
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14. Explain the workings and purpose of a check valve in a pneumatic system.
A
check valve is a one-way valve that allows pressurized air to enter the system
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but
not to leave it. It prevents loss of pressure when the compressor is stopped.
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15. What component in a pneumatic system changes pressure into mechanical motion?
Actuator.
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16. Explain the difference between single-acting cylinders and double-acting cylinders.
Single-acting
cylinders are designed so that air pressure is applied to only one
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side
of the piston. Double-acting cylinders are designed so that air can be
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applied
to either side of the piston. (Wording may vary.)
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17. Name two uses of pneumatic power in health care systems.
Dental
drills and injections.
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(Continued on next page)
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Study Guide Ch. 16 (continued)
Apply What You’ve Learned
18. Use the text of the chapter and the diagrams to describe the components of hydraulic and pneumatic systems that perform basically the same tasks.
Answers
will vary but should note: Compressors and pumps both supply pres_______________________________________________________________________
sure.
Reservoirs and receivers both store fluids. Relief valves, check valves, and
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control
valves all control the flow or pressure of fluids in one way or another.
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Actuators
and cylinders all change pressure into motion. Transmission lines and
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hoses
all contain the fluid as it moves within the system.
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