Name___________________
Date:
Period
Chapter 22 Bacteria and Viruses
Lesson 1 What are bacteria? 20 points this page
Interpreting a Diagram
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes
each sentence. Each term is used only once.
Directions: Use the diagram to respond to each statement.
archaea
endospore
plasmid
bacteria
fission
reproduction
conjugation
flagella
shapes
cytoplasm
food
identical
12. Label this diagram by writing the correct term from the word bank on
each line.
capsule
cell wall
flagellum
________.
Prokaryotes that live in extreme environments are ____________.
A typical bacterium has _________________ and DNA
1. Prokaryotes that live in almost every habitat on Earth are
2.
3.
160 points
cell membrane
cytoplasm
cilia
DNA
genetic material
ribosomes
surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall.
4. A(n) _________________ is a small circular piece of DNA.
5. Bacteria generally have one of three basic ________________,
which determines how they are named.
6. Different bacteria have different methods for movement and for
obtaining _________________.
7. Many bacteria move by using long whiplike structures called ______.
8. Bacteria reproduce asexually by _________________, which
produces two genetically_________________ cells.
9. During _________________, two bacteria of the same species
attach to each other and combine their genetic material.
10. Conjugation increases genetic diversity, but it is not considered to
.
be _________________.
11. A(n) _________________forms when a bacterium builds a
thick internal wall around its chromosome.
Buffalo Book Chapter 22
Life iScience Chapter 7
Page 1
Name___________________
What are bacteria? 29 points this page
Directions: On the line before each statement, write correct if the statement is correct or not correct if the
statement is not correct. If the statement is not correct, change the underlined word(s) to make it correct.
_____________
1. Unicellular prokaryotes called bacteria
live almost everywhere on Earth.
_____________ 2. Extreme environments are habitats for
unicellular prokaryotes called archaea.
_____________ 3. A nucleus, DNA, a cell membrane, and a
cell wall make up a typical bacterium.
_____________ 4. A small circular piece of cytoplasm is a
plasmid.
_____________ 5. Bacteria generally have one of two basic
shapes that determine how they are named.
_____________ 6. Ways to obtain food and to move differ
among bacteria types.
_____________ 7. Whiplike structures called flagella are
used by many bacteria to move.
_____________ 8. Conjugation is a way bacteria reproduce
asexually.
_____________ 9. Fission is cell division that forms two
genetically different cells.
_____________10. Two bacteria of the same species attach to
each other and combine their genetic material
during fission.
_____________11. Conjugation is not considered to be
reproduction, although it does increase
genetic diversity.
_____________12. Some bacteria can form an endospore,
which is a wall around the chromosome and
part of the cytoplasm.
_____________13. Endospores protect bacteria from
unfavorable conditions by allowing them to
remain dormant.
Buffalo Book Chapter 22
Life iScience Chapter 7
Date:
Period
14. Bacteria are microscopic prokaryotes that live almost everywhere
on Earth.
What are prokaryotes?
15. Bacteria are extremely diverse organisms that have three basic
shapes.
Illustrate and label the three basic shapes of bacteria.
16. Bacteria grow in nearly every environment. Because the
environments are so different, bacteria have different ways to
obtain food.
In which three ways do bacteria obtain food?
17. When a bacterium builds a large external wall around its
chromosome and part of its cytoplasm, an endospore is formed.
In which types of conditions would an endospore be present?
Page 2
Name___________________
Date:
Lesson 2 Bacteria in Nature 25 points this page
Key Concept How can bacteria affect health?
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes
each sentence. Some termsmight be used more than once.
antibiotics
mutations
ribosomes
bacteria
pasteurization
cell walls
reproduction
food poisoning
resistant
Period
Key Concept How can bacteria affect the environment?
Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided.
11. What is bioremediation?
12. Give two examples of pollutants that bacteria can help clean up.
1. Most bacterial diseases in humans can be treated with
___________________.
2. Antibiotics are chemicals that stop the growth and
___________________ of bacteria.
13. Use the examples from question 2 to explain why bioremediation is
important.
3. Many antibiotics work by preventing bacteria from
building ___________________.
4. Other antibiotics work by affecting _________________,
which interrupts the production of proteins.
14. How can bacteria be used to make pickles?
5. Some diseases have become more difficult to treat because the
bacteria that cause them have become ________________
to antibiotics.
6. Random ___________________ in a bacterium’s DNA
can enable it to survive exposure to a specific antibiotic.
7. The bacteria with the mutations reproduce more bacteria that are
15. How do bacteria help in the production of chocolate?
___________________ to the antibiotic, so the disease
they cause becomes more difficult to treat.
8. All food that has not been treated or processed contains
16. List three other foods that are made by using bacteria.
___________________ that cause it to spoil over time.
Spoiled food can make people sick by causing _________.
9.
10. The process of heating food to a temperature that kills most
harmful bacteria is called ___________________.
Buffalo Book Chapter 22
Life iScience Chapter 7
Page 3
Name___________________
Viruses and Monerans
Video Review
Directions: During the course of the program answer the “You
Decide” questions as they are presented in the video.
You Decide:
A. What is a vaccine?
B. Do bacterial cells have a nucleus?
Date:
Vocabulary 40 points this page
Directions: Unscramble the following vocabulary words and match
each word with its correct definition.
___ 1. occci
___ 2. vnaecic
C. Describe and illustrate the three bacterial shapes seen here.
___ 3. specual
D. How do bacteria reproduce?
Answer the Video Quiz questions at the end of the video.
Video Quiz:
1. Viruses are ________________ compared to
microorganisms.
2. Viruses are commonly named after the ________________
they cause.
3. A ________________ coat surrounds viruses.
4. Viruses can only reproduce ________________ a host cell.
5. A ________________consists of weakened or dead viruses
injected into the body.
6. Bacteria are referred to as ________________.
7. Bacterial cells do not have an organized _______________.
8. ________________ bacteria do not need oxygen to survive.
a. method by which
bacteria reproduce
b. tiny particles with the
ability to invade human
cells
___ 4. httpoasuor
c. dead or weakened
viruses or bacteria injected
into the body to develop
antibodies
___ 5. onabarcei aitbraec
d. organisms that can be
both harmful and beneficial
___ 6. llec idisvoni
e. cells that do not contain
a nucleus
___ 7. trpyckoiaro lelcs
f. the outer covering of
bacteria which protects the
organism
___ 8. cilbali
g. the scientific name for
round bacteria
___ 9. risuv
h. bacteria that do not need
oxygen to survive
___ 10. cirtbaae
i. bacteria with the ability
to create their own food
9. The outer covering of bacteria is called the ______________.
10. ________________ is the process of a cell dividing to
make two new cells.
Period
j. rod-shaped bacteria
Buffalo Book Chapter 22
Life iScience Chapter 7
Page 4
Name___________________
Date:
Post Test
20 points this page
Directions: Write Correct or Not Correct. If the statement is not
correct, use proofreading marks to make the statement correct.
_______________1. Spiral shaped bacteria are called cocci.
_______________2. Ebola is caused by a virus.
Period
Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct word. A list of
possible answers is provided at the bottom of the page.
11. A vaccine consists of a weakened or dead ______________.
12. Bacteria reproduce via cell_______________
13. _______________ bacteria can survive without oxygen.
_______________3. Bacteria have a relatively simple cell
structure.
_______________4. Vaccines consist of strong, active viruses.
_______________5. In bacteria, hereditary material is located
in the nucleus.
_______________6. Bacteria can live inside our bodies.
_______________7. Bacteria are often classified by their
shape.
_______________8. Viruses do not need hosts to reproduce.
_______________9. Viruses affect most living things.
_______________10. Thousands of Native Americans are
believed to have died from the small pox
virus.
Buffalo Book Chapter 22
Life iScience Chapter 7
14. Bacteria referred to as _______________have the ability to
make their own food.
15. Located inside the virus is the _______________ material.
16. The outer covering of bacteria is called the
_______________.
17. Bacteria do not contain a _______________.
18. Viruses are commonly named for the _______________
they cause.
19. A _______________ is an organism that feeds on another
living thing.
20. Viruses need a_______________host in order to reproduce.
disease
capsule
autotrophs
heterotrophs
anaerobic
parasite
heredity
aerobic
living
nucleus
mitochondria
virus
bacilli
prokaryotic
vaccine
division
cocci
Page 5
Name___________________
Date:
Lesson 3 What are viruses? 26 points this page
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes
each sentence. Each term is used only once.
Period
Directions: On the line before each statement, write correct if the statement is correct or not correct if the
statement is not correct. If the statement is not correct, change the underlined word(s) to make it correct.
___________
14. A virus is a strand of DNA or RNA
surrounded by a layer of cytoplasm that can
infect and replicate in a host cell.
1. A virus is a strand of DNA or RNA surrounded by a layer of
______________ that can infect and replicate in a host cell.
___________
15. Viruses cause diseases by infecting specific
kinds of cells.
2. A virus can infect ________________ and cause illness.
___________
___________
___________
16. Viruses have a nucleus
___________
19. When a virus enters a host cell, it can be
active or latent.
acquired
host
replicate
antibody
latent
shapes
beneficial
membrane
vaccine
cells
mutates
diseases
protein
3. A virus does not have a nucleus or a cell _____________.
4. Viruses can have different ________________, such as
crystals and cylinders.
5. The living cell that a virus infects is called a(n) _______ cell.
17. Viruses have a cell membrane.
18. Crystal, cylinder, and sphere are three
examples of virus shapes.
6. When a virus enters a cell, it can be active or ___________.
____________20.
7. Viruses must take control of a specific kind of cell to
_________.
___________
21. Because the DNA or RNA in viruses
frequently reproduces, viruses can adjust to
changes in their host cell.
___________
22. Chicken pox, influenza, HIV, and rabies are
examples of diseases caused by viruses.
10. A(n) ________________ is a protein that prevents an
infection in your body.
___________
23. An antibiotic is a protein that prevents a virus
from causing a disease if it enters your body.
11. You develop ________________ immunity when you
have a viral disease.
___________
24. When you had a disease caused by a virus
and recovered, you developed active
immunity.
8. Viruses can adjust to changes in their host cell because their
DNA or RNA frequently _____________.
9. Viruses cause ________________, such as chicken pox,
influenza, HIV, influenza, and rabies.
12. A(n) ________________ is a mixture containing material
from one or more deactivated pathogens, such as viruses.
13. Scientists have developed
uses for
viruses in treating genetic disorders and cancer using gene
therapy.
Buffalo Book Chapter 22
Life iScience Chapter 7
___________ 25.
____________ 26.
Viruses replicate by taking control of a
specific kind of cell.
Activated viruses are used to make vaccines.
Scientists are researching ways to use viruses
for treating genetic disorders and cancer.
Page 6
Name___________________
Buffalo Book Chapter 22
Life iScience Chapter 7
Date:
Period
Page 7