Major Agreements of the Oslo Peace Process
Seven years - from the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government to
the outbreak of the second Intifada
t
Beginning a Peace Process
About the Fact Sheet
During the 1991 Gulf War, an international coalition expelled Iraq from Kuwait. The
The Fact Sheet enlists in chronological order six major agreements signed between
United States used the momentum of these events to start a new Middle East peace
1993 and 1999. By summarizing each of the subsequent agreements on one page, it
initiative. Centrepiece of these efforts was the aim to achieve a settlement in the Arab-
aims to present comparable core data. The pages show the same structure: a blue
Israeli conflict. The initiatives led to the holding of the Madrid Conference at the end of
box giving basic information followed on the right side by a short text providing the
October 1991. All parties of the Middle East conflict were invited to attend the
reader with the backdrop of the negotiations, the signing of the agreement and its
conference, including delegations from Israel, Syria, Lebanon and Jordan. The
implementation.
representative of the Palestinians, the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO), was
At the bottom part of each side a chart visualizes the central topics of the subsequent
not invited. Yet, the PLO was in close contact with Palestinians participating at the
agreements. Each topic is accompanied by the corresponding text passages. At the
conference as part of the Jordanian delegation.
bottom,
After the initial conference, negotiations broke into bilateral and multilateral tracks
implemented topics are highlighted in green.
between
the
conflict
parties.
Stalemate
in
the
official
talks
with
Palestinian
representatives led the newly elected Labour administration under Yitzhak Rabin to
conduct a diplomatic revolution: the decision to hold direct talks with the PLO. In
September 1993, the encouraging outcomes of these secret negotiations held under the
auspice of the Norwegian government led to the signing of the Declaration of Principles
on Interim Self-Government Arrangements, better known as Oslo I. 1
the
concrete
outcome
of
the
agreement
is
examined;
successfully
The Declaration of Principles was not a fully fledged agreement but rather a framework for further
Date
13 September 1993
negotiations, mainly by providing a strict timetable. “The Declaration laid down that within two months of
Official Name
Declaration of Principles on Interim
and within four months the withdrawal should be completed. (…) At the same time, elsewhere in the West
Self-Government Arrangement 2
Bank, Israel undertook to transfer power to ‘authorized Palestinians’ in five spheres: education, health,
the signing ceremony, agreement on Israel’s military withdrawal from Gaza and Jericho should be reached
social welfare, direct taxation, and tourism. Within nine months, the Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza
Known as
Oslo I; Oslo Accords; Declaration of Principles
were to hold elections to a Palestinian Council to take office and assume responsibility for most government
functions except defence and foreign affairs. Within two years, Israel and the Palestinians agreed to
Current Leaders
Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman
commence negotiations on the final status of the territories, and at the end of five years the permanent
Yasser Arafat
settlement was to come into force.” 3
Both Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat -- the two leaders at that time -- were jointly awarded with the Nobel
Peace Prize of 1994, honouring their efforts to make peace. 4 Despite severe internal criticism on either side,
the Declaration was followed by five major agreements signed by Israel and the PLO. These agreements are
examined on the following pages.
Key to the chart below: first line = topic; second line = corresponding text passages; third line = outcome, successfully implemented parts are highlighted in green;
topics in grey refer to previously successfully implemented agreements
Agreement on the
withdrawal from Gaza
Strip and Jericho area
Withdrawal from the
Gaza Strip and Jericho
area
Transfer of authority
after the withdrawal
Five-year interim period
upon the withdrawal
Redeployment of
Israeli military forces
Elections after the
redeployment
Permanent status
negotiations
“The two sides agree to
conclude and sign within
two months from the date
of entry into force of the
Declaration an agreement
on the withdrawal of Israeli
military forces from the
Gaza Strip and Jericho
area”. (Annex II, 1.)
“Beginning immediately
with the signing of the
agreement on the Gaza
Strip and Jericho area,
Israel will implement an
accelerated and scheduled
withdrawal of Israeli
military forces from the
Gaza Strip and Jericho
area, to be completed
within a period not
exceeding four months”.
(Annex II, 2.)
“Immediately after the
entry into force of this
Declaration … and the
withdrawal from the Gaza
Strip and Jericho area …
authority will be
transferred to the
Palestinians on the …
spheres [of] education and
culture, health, social
welfare, direct taxation and
tourism.” (Article VI, 2.)
“Upon the withdrawal from
the Gaza Strip and Jericho
area a five-year
transitional period will
begin with the aim of a
settlement at the end of
this period.” (Article V, 1.)
“After the entry into force
of the Declaration, and not
later than the eve of
elections for the Council
that are scheduled within
nine months, a
redeployment of Israeli
military forces in the West
Bank and the Gaza Strip
will take place.” (Article
XIII, 1.)
“An agreement will be
concluded on the exact
mode and conditions of the
elections with the goal of
holding the elections not
later than nine months
after the entry into force of
the Declaration.” (Article
III, 2.)
“As soon as possible, but
not later than the
beginning of the third year
of the interim period,
permanent status
negotiations will commence
between the Government
of Israel and the
Palestinian people's
representatives.” (Article V,
2.)
The agreement on the
withdrawal of Israeli
military forces from the
Gaza Strip and Jericho area
is signed on May 4, 1994.
See Gaza-JerichoAgreement below.

The talks concerning the withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and the Jericho area scheduled in the
Date
4 May 1994
Official Name
Gaza-Jericho-Agreement 5
Declaration of Principles repeatedly plunged into crisis. They lasted considerably longer than the two
months allowed for in the original timetable. Among other reasons, a central cause of the delay was the
disparity between Israeli security considerations and the Palestinian wish for an early and extensive
transfer of authority. Finally, after nearly eight months, the Gaza-Jericho negotiations were completed
Known as
on May 4, 1994 with the signing of the Gaza-Jericho-Agreement. The Agreement outlined the steps to
Cairo Agreement
be taken for the implementation of the principles agreed upon earlier in the Declaration of Principles.
Current Leaders
Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman
Subsequently, Israel withdrew its security forces from the Gaza Strip and the Jericho area and
Yasser Arafat
transferred the authorities to the newly established Palestinian Interim Self-Government Authority.
Furthermore, the five-year interim period referred to in the Declaration of Principles officially began on
the day that the Gaza-Jericho-Agreement was signed. 6
Key to the chart below: first line = topic; second line = corresponding text passages; third line = outcome, successfully implemented parts are highlighted in green;
topics in grey refer to previously successfully implemented agreements
Agreement on the
withdrawal from Gaza
Strip and Jericho area
Withdrawal from the
Gaza Strip and Jericho
area
Transfer of authority
after the withdrawal
Five-year interim period
upon the withdrawal
Redeployment of

Israeli military forces
Elections after the
redeployment
Permanent status
negotiations
“Immediately upon the
signing of the Agreement
Israel will implement an
accelerated and scheduled
withdrawal of Israeli
military forces from the
Gaza Strip and from the
Jericho Area. Israel shall
complete such withdrawal
within three weeks from
this date.” (Article II)
“Immediately upon the
signing of the Agreement
Israel shall commence
preparations to transfer
authority from the Israeli
military government and its
Civil Administration to the
new established Palestinian
Authority. The preparations
shall be completed within
three weeks.” (Article III;
Annex II, Article 2, 2.)
“On the date of the signing
of the Agreement the fiveyear interim period
referred to in the
Declaration of Principles
commences.” (Article
XXIII)
According to the
Declaration of Principles:
“After the entry into force
of the Declaration, and not
later than the eve of
elections for the Council, a
redeployment of Israeli
military forces in the West
Bank and the Gaza Strip
will take place.”
(Declaration of Principles
Article XIII, 1.)
According to the
Declaration of Principles:
“An agreement will be
concluded on the exact
mode and conditions of the
elections with the goal of
holding the elections not
later than nine months
after the entry into force of
the Declaration.”
(Declaration of Principles
Article III, 2.)
According to the
Declaration of Principles:
“As soon as possible, but
not later than the
beginning of the third year
of the interim period,
permanent status
negotiations will commence
between the Government
of Israel and the
Palestinian people's
representatives.”
(Declaration of Principles
Article V, 2.)
The Knesset approves the
Agreement on May 11,
Israel hands over the
Jericho area to the
Palestinian police on May
13 7 and completes its
withdrawal from the Gaza
Strip on May 18, 1994. 8
The Palestinian Council is
sweared in on July 5, 9 the
Palestinian SelfGovernment in the Gaza
Strip and Jericho area is
implemented on July 20. 10
On August 29, an
agreement is signed to
transfers authorities to the
Council. 11 This early
empowerment is completed
on December 1, 1994. 12
In accordance with the
agreement, the five-year
interim period begins on
May 4, 1994.
On November 8, 1994 it is
agreed to start preliminary
talks on redeployment. 13
On November 8, 1994 it is
agreed to start preliminary
talks on Palestinian
elections. 14

The first stage of the Israeli-Palestinian negotiations was concluded by the signing of the Interim Agreement
on September 28, 1995. The Agreement, popularly known as Oslo II, incorporated and superseded the
Date
28 September 1995
Official Name
Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the
earlier agreements achieved between Israel and the PLO. Most considerably, it outlined steps of a
Gaza Strip
15
redeployment of Israeli military forces from Palestinian centres of population, set a timetable for elections to
a Palestinian Council and divided the West Bank into three areas; Area A, B and C. Area A was set under
exclusive Palestinian, Area C under exclusive Israeli control. Area B was decided to face mixed
Known as
Oslo II; Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement;
responsibility, with the PLO exercising civilian authority and Israel remaining in charge of security matters.
Interim Agreement; Taba
With these arrangements, Oslo II marked the “point of no return” in partly ending Israel’s coercive control
over the Palestinians.
Current Leaders
Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman
The signing of the Agreement was accompanied by fierce criticism from the Israeli right. One month later,
Yasser Arafat
Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated by a religious-nationalist Jewish fanatic at a peace rally in Tel Aviv. Like
the murderer intended, the attack was a blow to the entire peace process. Presidential elections in May
1996 brought Benjamin Netanyahu into office, giving the peace process a new spin. 16
Key to the chart below: first line = topic; second line = corresponding text passages; third line = outcome, successfully implemented parts are highlighted in green;
topics in grey refer to previously successfully implemented agreements
Five-year interim period
upon the withdrawal
First phase of
Redeployment
Elections after the
redeployment
Redeployment in Hebron
Further Redeployment
Permanent status
negotiations
The five-year interim
period referred to in the
Declaration of Principles
ends on May 4, 1999. The
Palestinian Council and the
president of the Executive
Authority of the Council are
elected for this transitional
period. (Article III, 4.)
Ten days after the signing
of the Agreement the first
phase of the Israeli military
forces redeployment from
populated areas in the
West Bank will commence.
It is intended to be
completed at the end of
December 1995 except the
area of Hebron. (Article X,
1; Annex I, Appendix I, A)
The elections shall take
place at the earliest
practicable date following
the redeployment of Israeli
forces. The first phase of
the Israeli military forces
redeployment will be
completed 22 days before
the day of the elections.
(Article II, 4; Article X, 1.)
Six months after the
signing of the Agreement
the Redeployment in the
area of Hebron will be
completed. (Annex I,
Appendix I, A)
The further redeployments
of Israeli military forces will
be gradually implemented
in three phases, each to
take place after an interval
of six months, after the
inauguration of the elected
Council, to be completed
within 18 months from the
date of the inauguration of
the Council. (Article XI,
2.d.)
Permanent status
negotiations will commence
as soon as possible, but
not later than May 4, 1996,
between the Parties.
(Article XXXI, 5.)

4 November 1995: Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated by a religious-nationalist Jewish fanatic at a peace rally in Tel Aviv 17
The first phase of
redeployment begins upon
the withdrawal from Jenin
on November 13 and is
completed upon the
withdrawal from Ramallah
on December 27, 1995. 18
The first elections for the
Palestinian Council and the
presidential elections take
place on January 20, 1996.
Arafat is elected president
with 87 percent of the vote
and sworn in on February
12, the Council is
inaugurated on March 7,
1996. 19
An outbreak of violence
causes Israel to delay the
redeployment that had to
take place in March 1996
until after the elections. 20
On May 29, 1996
Benyamin Netanyahu is
elected new Prime
Minister. 21 Afterwards,
general negotiations do not
resume until August 14,
1996.
On May 5, 1996 Israeli and
Palestinian delegations
open negotiations on the
final status of the
Palestinian territory. 22
After Benyamin
Netanyahu’s election as
new Prime Minister general
negotiations do not resume
until August 14, 1996. 23
The electoral victory of Likud under the leadership of Benyamin Netanyahu in May 1996 had far-reaching
implications for the peace process. From the very beginning, the party was strongly opposed to the land-
Date
15 to 17 January 1997
Official Name
Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in
for-peace policy of the former Labour government under Yitzhak Rabin. The two and a half years of
Hebron
24
Netanyahu’s term were marked by policies that aimed to defer and subvert the Oslo agreements. While
arguing that all steps taken by his government occurred in reaction to Palestinian actions, his term was
dotted with unilateral steps like the demolition of Arab houses, the confiscation of land and the building of
Known as
The Hebron Protocol; Hebron Agreement
Current Leaders
new settlements.
Only through considerable foreign pressure during his term, two agreements dealing with the concession of
Prime Minister Benyamin Netanyahu and President
territory to the Palestinian Authority were signed: The first one concerned the Redeployment in Hebron, in
Yasser Arafat
Oslo II originally scheduled to be completed in March 1996. After Netanyahu’s election, these negotiations
came to a halt. It was only in January 1997, when the Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron
was signed. The redeployment was completed within days after the signing of the Agreement. 25
Key to the chart below: first line = topic; second line = corresponding text passages; third line = outcome, successfully implemented parts are highlighted in green;
topics in grey refer to previously successfully implemented agreements
Five-year interim period
upon the withdrawal
According to the Interim
Agreement: The five-year
interim period ends on May
4, 1999. The Palestinian
Council and the president
are elected for this
transitional period.
(Interim Agreement Article
III, 4.)
First phase of
Redeployment
Elections after the
redeployment
Redeployment in Hebron
Further Redeployment
Permanent status
negotiations
Not later than ten days
from the signing of the
Protocol and in accordance
with the Interim
Agreement the
redeployment of Israeli
Military Forces in Hebron
will be carried out and
completed. (Article I)
According to Oslo II: The
further redeployments of
Israeli military forces will
be gradually implemented
in three phases, to be
completed within 18
months from the date of
the inauguration of the
Council.
(Oslo II Article XI, 2.d.)
According to Oslo II:
Permanent status
negotiations will commence
as soon as possible, but
not later than May 4, 1996,
between the Parties. (Oslo
II Article XXXI, 5.)
Under diplomatic pressure
Prime Minister Netanyahu
and President Arafat agree
on the protocol at January
14, dividing the city into an
Arab and a Jewish part.
The withdrawal commences
the following day with the
Knesset approving the
protocol. At January 17,
1997 the redeployment is
completed. 26
Months long deadlock in
the negotiations. Several
plans are proposed during
1998, leading to a new
agreement signed in
October. See Wye River
Memorandum below.
Months long deadlock in
the negotiations. Several
plans are proposed during
1998, leading to a new
agreement signed in
October. See Wye River
Memorandum below.

The second agreement under Netanyahu conceding territory to the Palestinian Authority was signed on
Date
23. October 1998
Official Name
Wye River Memorandum 27
October 23, 1998. The Wye River Memorandum was intended to fulfil earlier provisions by establishing
a three-step timetable for the implementation of phases one and two (of three) of further redeployment
envisaged in Oslo II. After the formal approval of the Memorandum by the Israeli Cabinet and by the
Knesset, the first of the three decided steps of redeployment was carried out on November 20, 1998.
Current Leaders
Prime Minister Benyamin Netanyahu and President
Afterwards, “despite the ratification of the Wye River agreement by the Knesset, Mr. Netanyahu came
Yasser Arafat
under fire from the extreme right and from the religious parties, even in his own government coalition,
who objected to any withdrawal from Palestinian territory. He announced that the next phase of
withdrawal, on 18 December, would not take place and finally, on 20 December, suspended
implementation of the agreement.” 28
The Right's subsequent uproar led the Knesset to pass a vote of no confidence in Netanyahu's
government and general elections were pushed up. In the elections on May 17, 1999 Netanyahu lost
against his competitor from the Labour Party, Ehud Barak. 29
Key to the chart below: first line = topic; second line = corresponding text passages; third line = outcome, successfully implemented parts are highlighted in green;
topics in grey refer to previously successfully implemented agreements
Five-year interim period
upon the withdrawal
First phase of
Redeployment
Elections after the
redeployment
Redeployment in Hebron
Further Redeployment
Permanent status
negotiations
According to the Interim
Agreement: The five-year
interim period ended on
May 4, 1999. The
Palestinian Council and the
President were elected for
this transitional period.
(Interim Agreement Article
III, 4.)
Pursuant to the Interim
Agreement, the Israeli side
was meant to implement
the first and second Phases
of the Further
Redeployment in three
steps between week two
and twelve upon entry into
force of the Memorandum.
(Article I, A; Attachment
Timeline)
The two sides were meant
to immediately resume
permanent status
negotiations on an
accelerated basis and were
supposed to make a
determined effort to reach
an agreement by May 4,
1999. (Article IV)
The five-year interim
period runs out on May 4,
1999 without a final
agreement reached. Yet,
the Palestinian Council and
the President continued
their work in silent
agreement with the Israeli
side.
The Knesset adopted the
memorandum on
November 17. The first
step was completed on
November 21, 1998. 30 Due
to pressure from the
extreme right and religious
parties within his coalition,
Netanyahu suspended the
implementation of the next
steps of the agreement on
December 20, 1998. 31
The opening of final status
negotiations was
postponed on October 24
and again on December 3,
1998. Meanwhile, the
interim period run out on
May 4, 1999. 32 The
election of Ehud Barak as
Prime Minister revived the
peace process and led to
the signing of the Sharm
el-Sheikh Memorandum,
see below.

17 May 1999: Ehud Barak is elected Prime Minister
With the original interim period already running out on May 4, 1999, the election of Ehud Barak, a
Date
Labour politician, as Prime Minister revived the peace process. After six months of negotiations, the
4 September 1999
deadlock created by the failed implement of the Wye River Memorandum was overcome by the signing
Official Name
Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum on
of the Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum. A timetable for the final status talks was set up, demanding a
Implementation Timeline of Outstanding
comprehensive agreement by September 13, 2000. In a promising start, the implementation of phases
one and two (of three) of further redeployment envisaged in Oslo II began in due time, though no
Commitments of Agreements Signed and the
Resumption of Permanent Status Negotiations
33
regulations for the third phase were set. After the opening of the final status negotiations on November
8, 1999 and rising disappointment on the Palestinian side, difficulties aroused again. 34
The renewed deadlock led to the announcement of negotiations to be held in Camp David with American
Known as
Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum
Current Leaders
Prime Minister Ehud Barak and President Yasser
with the help of the American brokers and Arafat rejecting the offered proposals. After then Defence
Arafat
Minister Ariel Sharon’s provocative visit on the Temple Mount on September 28, 2000 and the
help. The negotiations ended in a disappointment on both sides with Barak hoping to impose his terms
subsequent outbreak of the Second Intifada, the set deadline expired without an agreement being
reached. 35
Key to the chart below: first line = topic; second line = corresponding text passages; third line = outcome, successfully implemented parts are highlighted in green;
topics in grey refer to previously successfully implemented agreements
Five-year interim period
upon the withdrawal
First phase of
Redeployment
Elections after the
redeployment
Redeployment in Hebron
Further Redeployment
Permanent status
negotiations
Pursuant to the Interim
Agreement the Israeli side
will implement the first and
second Phases of the
Further Redeployments in
three steps between
September 5, 1999 and
January 20, 2000. (Article
II)
Permanent Status
negotiations will resume
not later than September
13, 1999. The two sides
will conclude a
comprehensive agreement
on all Permanent Status
issues within one year from
the resumption of the
negotiations. (Article I, e;
Article I, d.)
The first step of phase one
and two of the Further
Redeployment is completed
at September 10, 1999;
the second step at January
6, 2000 and the third and
last step at March 21,
2000. 36 There is no
agreement upon the
implementation of the third
Phase of the Further
Redeployment outlined in
the Interim Agreement.
The negotiations formally
resume on September 13,
1999. On July 11, the
Camp David 2000 Summit
convenes. 37 The summit
ends on July 25, with the
declaration of a Trilateral
Statement defining the
agreed principles to guide
further negotiations. 38 The
set deadline ends without
an agreement being
reached.

28 September 2000: Then Defence Minister Ariel Sharon visits the Temple Mount. Outbreak of the Second Intifada.
Summary: Seven years - from the Declaration of Principles on
Interim Self-Government to the outbreak of the Second Intifada
13 September 1993: The Declaration of Principles (Oslo I) was the first
Agreement on the
As first step of the in the Declaration of Principles (Oslo I) outlined peace process the
withdrawal from the Gaza
Gaza-Jericho-Agreement was signed at May 4, 1994, setting a timetable for the
Strip and Jericho area
withdrawal of Israeli military forces from the Gaza Strip and Jericho area.
Withdrawal from the Gaza
After the Knesset approved the Gaza-Jericho-Agreement, Israel handed over the
Strip and Jericho area
Jericho area to the Palestinian police at May 13 and completed its withdrawal from
the Gaza Strip at May 18, 1994.
Agreement ever between Israel and the PLO, setting the framework for
further negotiations by providing a strict timetable.
Transfer of authority after
In accordance with the Gaza-Jericho-Agreement and the earlier Declaration of
the withdrawal
principles (Oslo I), an agreement was signed at August 29, 1994, outlining the
4 Mai 1994: The Gaza-Jericho-Agreement outlined steps to implement
process of transfer of authorities to the new established Palestinian Council. The so
the principles agreed upon earlier in Oslo I, most notably a withdrawal
called early empowerment was completed at December 1, 1994.
from the Gaza Strip and the Jericho area.
28 September 1995: The first stage of the Israeli-Palestinian negotiations
Five-year interim period
The five-year interim period referred to in Oslo I commenced at the date of the
upon the withdrawal
signing of the Gaza-Jericho-Agreement. According to the Interim Agreement (Oslo
II) the Palestinian Council and the President were elected for this transitional period.
was concluded by the signing of the Interim Agreement
The five-year interim period ran out at May 4, 1999 without a final agreement
(Oslo II) which incorporated and superseded the earlier agreements.
reached. Yet, the Palestinian Council and the President continued their work in silent
4 November 1995: Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated by a
religious-nationalist Jewish fanatic at a peace rally in Tel Aviv. The
agreement with the Israeli side. This status prevails until today.
Redeployment of Israeli
The first phase of the Redeployment, followed by the elections, was completed upon
military forces
the withdrawal from Ramallah at December 28, 1995. The withdrawal from Hebron
peace process faced its first big blow.
was completed at January 17, 1997. Phases one and two of the in the Interim
Agreement
15 to 17 January 1997: In the term of Prime Minister Benyamin
Netanyahu, the Hebron Protocol was signed due to international
provisions envisaged in Oslo II, among other phase one and two of the
suspension of the Why River Agreement general elections were pushed
up. On May 17, 1999 Ehud Barak was elected Prime Minister.
4 September 1999: The election of Labour politician Ehud Barak
revived the peace process and led to the signing of the Sharm elSheikh Memorandum with a new timetable set up.
28 September 2000: Then Defence Minister Ariel Sharon’s provocative
visit on the Temple Mount on September 28 led to the outbreak of the
outlined
three
phases
of
Further
Redeployment
were
Oslo II. The third phase waits to be implemented until today.
Elections after the
After the first phase of redeployment was completed at December 28, 1995, the first
redeployment
elections for the Palestinian Council and the presidential elections took place at
January 20, 1996. Arafat was elected president with 87 percent of the vote and
three phases of the further redeployment.
17 May 1999: Due to the Right's subsequent uproar and the following
II)
There is no agreement upon the third phase of the Further Redeployment outlined in
pressure, dividing the city of Hebron into two parts.
23 October 1998: The Why River Memorandum intended to fulfil earlier
(Oslo
implemented between November 20, 1998 and March 21, 2000.
sworn in at February 12. The Council was inaugurated at March 7, 1996.
Permanent status
negotiations

At May 5, 1996 Israeli and Palestinian delegations opened for the first time
negotiations on the final status of the Palestinian territory. After Benyamin
Netanyahu’s election as new Prime Minister at May 29, 1996, the negotiations were
in a deadlock with the five-year interim period running out at May 4, 1999. The
election of Ehud Barak as Prime Minister at May 17, 1999, revived the peace process
and lead to the signing of the Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum. The negotiations
formally resumed on September 13, 1999. On July 11, the Camp David 2000
Summit convened. The summit ended on July 25, with the declaration of a Trilateral
Statement defining the agreed principles to guide further negotiations. The set
deadline ended without an agreement being reached at September 13, 2000. With
Second Intifada.
the outbreak of the second Intifada, the peace process came to a temporary halt.
Despite several initiatives, no final agreement is reached until today.
Footnotes
1 Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Guide to the Middle East Peace Process. http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/The%20Madrid%20Framework
2 Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangement. http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/Declaration%20of%20Principles
3 Avi Shlaim. 2005. The Rise and Fall of the Oslo Peace Process. In: International Relations of the Middle East, ed. Fawcett, Louise. Oxford, Oxford University Press, p. 241-61.
4 Nobelprize. The Nobel Peace Prize of 1994. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1994/
5 Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Gaza-Jericho Agreement http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/Agreement%20on%20Gaza%20Strip%20and%20Jericho%20Area
6 Avi Shlaim. 2005. The Rise and Fall of the Oslo Peace Process. In: International Relations of the Middle East, ed. Fawcett, Louise. Oxford, Oxford University Press, p. 241-61.
7 Journal of Palestinian Studies. Chronology 16 February-15 May 1994. http://www.palestine-studies.org/files/pdf/jps/1887.pdf
8 Journal of Palestinian Studies. Chronology 16 May-15 1994 August. http://www.palestine-studies.org/files/pdf/jps/1928.pdf
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30 Aronson, Geoffrey. 2000. Recapitulating the Redeployments: The Israel-PLO “Interim Agreements”. http://www.thejerusalemfund.org/ht/display/ContentDetails/i/2151/pid/v
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36 Aronson, Geoffrey. 2000. Recapitulating the Redeployments: The Israel-PLO “Interim Agreements”. http://www.thejerusalemfund.org/ht/display/ContentDetails/i/2151/pid/v
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