HELGOLANDER MEERESUNTERSUCHUNGEN
Helgolander Meeresunters. 45, 143-163 {1991)
Ostracoda (Crustacea} from Lizard Island,
northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
II. The family Paradoxostomatidae Brady & Norman,
1889
Patricia Behrens
Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum der UniversitSt Hamburg;
Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-W-2000 Hamburg 13, Federal Republic of Germany
ABSTRACT: The present paper deals with the taxonomy of the ostracod family Paradoxostomatidae
Brady & Norman, 1889 from the coral reefs around Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef,
Austraha. 18 species were found, all of them belonging to the genus ParadoxostomaFischer, 1855.2
species had been previously described from Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef. 1 species had
been described from the Red Sea. 2 species are left in open nomenclature.
INTRODUCTION
This p a p e r is the second on a series of investigations on the taxonomy, biology and
ecology of b e n t h i c ostracods a r o u n d Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef. It deals with the
taxonomy of the family Paradoxostomatidae. All species of this family that were found
a r o u n d Lizard Island b e l o n g to the g e n u s Paradoxostoma Fischer, 1855. Of those scientists working in the Pacific, H a r t m a n n (1981, 1984} was the only one, until recently, who
collected living ostracods. Other collections have always consisted of dried s e d i m e n t
samples. As Paradoxostomatidae have very weakly calcified shells, few are p r e s e r v e d in
dried s e d i m e n t samples. This may be the reason why they have previously b e e n recorded
i n such low a b u n d a n c e s from the Pacific area. A large n u m b e r of n e w species are
described in this investigation, which is b a s e d on collections of hying ostracods picked
out of the substrate individually. Most species of the g e n u s Paradoxostoma are highly
a d a p t e d plant-suckers, p r e d o m i n a n t l y occurring on macroalgae. Although coral reefs do
not have a high a b u n d a n c e of large fleshy algae, there is a large a m o u n t of d e a d coral
fragments covered with filamentous algae. This also seems to represent a favourable
e n v i r o n m e n t for species of Paradoxostoma, since the n u m b e r of species found is large
a n d 13 species were often found on dead coral fragments covered with filamentous algae.
For sampling stations, literature, materials and methods, refer to the paper "Ostracoda from
Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. I." (Behrens, 1991: this volume). Holotypes and
some paratypic material are deposited at the Austrahan Museum, Sydney. Paratypes are also
deposited at the Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg. The aboriginal species names were taken from
Reed (1965).
9 Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Hamburg
144
Patricia Behrens
Abbreviations: AMS = Australian Museum Sydney; ZMH - Zoologisches Museum Hamburg. LV =
left valve; RV = right valve; Aa - antennula; Aa = antenna; Md -- mandible; Mxu = maxillula; P1 =
first walking leg {maxilla}; P2 = second walking leg; P3 = third walking leg.
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS
G e n u s P a r a d o x o s t o m a F i s c h e r , 1855
In the g e n u s Paradoxostoma, the m a i n features for classification of species are the
shape of the carapaCe, the proportions of the s e g m e n t s of the a n t e n n u i a , the bristles a n d
claws of the a n t e n n a , the endites of the maxillula, the bristles of the w a l k i n g legs, a n d the
copulatory o r g a n of the male. The bristles of the a n t e n n u l a are difficult to recognize a n d
were not u s e d in the taxonomic evaluation. They are, therefore, not illustrated.
Paradoxostoma fuscumaculosum H a r t m a n n , 1981
Paradoxostoma fuscumaculosum Hartmann, 1981: 126-127, Figs 72-75.
Material
K-34555.
: 5 females, 4 males, A u g u s t 16, 1989, Lizard Island, Sta. 12; AMS, ZMH
Paradoxostoma heronislandensis H a r t m a n n , 1981
Paradoxostoma heromslandensis Hartmann, 1981: 127, Figs 76--79.
Material:
Lizard Island: 1 male, May 18, 1988, Sta. 10; 1 female, May 18, 1988,
Sta. 11; 1 female, I male, August 16, 1989, Sta. 11; 4 females, 3 larvae, April 27, 1988, Sta.
12; AMS. 2 females, 3 larvae, April 27, 1988, Sta. 13~ 1 male, A u g u s t 8, 1989, Sta. 13;
1 female, M a y 16, 1988, Sta. 20; 1 female, May 10, 1988, Sta. 21; 1 female, A u g u s t 14,
1989, Sta. 21; Z M H K-34556. Cod Hole: t female, A u g u s t 7, 1989, Sta. 34; Z M H K-34556.
Paradoxostoma cf. navicula Bonaduce, Masoli, Minichelli & Pugliese, 1980
(Figs 1-4)
Paradoxostoma navicula Bonaduce, Masoli, Minichelli & Pugliese, 1980: 174, Plate 9: Fig. 13, Plate
10: Fig. 13, Plate 13: Fig. 9.
Material:
Lizard Island: 1 larva, August 8, 1989, Sta. 13; 2 females, 3 males,
1 larva, M a y 3, 1988, Sta. 14; AMS. 9 females, 4 males, 1 larva, A u g u s t 5, 1989, Sta. 14;
1 female, A u g u s t 12, 1989, Sta. 25; ZMH K-34557.
S i z e 9 females, LV: l e n g t h 1.00 mm, height 0:25 ram;
males, LV: l e n g t h 0.84 turn, height 0.25 ram.
Description
of the soft parts:
The A u has 6 s e g m e n t s with w e a k bristles.
T h e Aa has 5 segments. The ventrodistal bristle on 2 is very small. The s e g m e n t s 3 a n d 4
ventrodistally have o n e bristle each. The terminal s e g m e n t bears one small bristle a n d
one claw, The s p i n n e r e t bristle has 3 s e g m e n t s a n d is not longer t h a n the e n d of the
terminal claw, The M d is developed as a stinging organ. The Mxu has long endites a n d
the i n n e r endite bears two bristles. W a l k i n g legs: The k n e e s of the w a l k i n g legs have
Complex apodemes. P1 has a long thin bristle on the anterior m a r g i n of s e g m e n t 1. The
k n e e b r i s t l e is strong a n d as long as the following segment. The k n e e b r i s t l e of P2 is also
Ostracoda from Lizard Island, Austraha (II)
145
very long, b u t only half the length of the next segment. P3 has a w e a k kneebristle a n d a
w e a k bristle on s e g m e n t 2.
R e m a r k s : Bonaduce et al. (1980) described P. navicula from the Red Sea. They
did not describe the soft parts of the species. Since species of the g e n u s have quite similar
carapaces a n d differ mostly in their soft parts, certain classification is not possible.
However, the p r e s e n t species has a very distinct a n d rare shape of the carapace, a n d the
l e n g t h of the male corresponds with the data given by Bonaduce et al. (1980).
Paradoxostoma lizardensis sp. n.
(Figs 5-7)
Material
Holotyp
e: male, August 17, 1989, Lizard Island, Sta. 29; A M S .
Paratypes:
Lizard Island: 5 females, 2 males, M a r c h 15, 1988, Sta. 5; A M S .
I female, M a y 18, 1988, Sta. Ii; I female, August 12, 1989, Sta. 25; 5 females, 1 male,
August 17, 1989, Sta. 29; Z M H K-34558.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, dead coral fragments.
N a m e : The species n a m e refers to Lizard Island, the only place where P. lizardensis has been found.
D e s c r i p t i o n : The dorsal margin is convex with its m a x i m u m height behind the
middle of the carapace. In the anterior section it proceeds to a rounded anterior margin.
The ventral margin is slightly concave in the region of the mouth. It meets with the dorsal
margin in a caudal process. There is a large vestibule developed in the anterior part. In
the region of the mouth, the inner margin and the line of coDcrescence nearly coincide. In
the posterior part, the vestibule is narrower. There are about 15 marginal pore canals
developed.
The A u has 6 segments with very w e a k bristles. The A a has 5 segments with
ventrodorsally one bristle on each of the segments 2, 3 and 4. There is only one terminal
claw developed. The spinneret bristle has 3 segments and does not reach the end of the
terminal claw. T h e M d is developed as a stinging organ. The M x u has very long endites.
All walking legs are slender and long. The apodemes of the knees are complex. P1 bears
a thin bristle on the anterior margin of segment i. The kneebristle is strong, but not as
long as the following segment. Segment 2 has one bristle at its anterior margin. T h e
terminal claw is long. P2 has a very thin bristle at the anterior margin of I. The
kneebristle is strong but short. The bristle on segment 2 has more than half the length of
the following segment. P3 has a small kneebristle. The bristle on the anterior margin is
about half the length of the following segment.
S i z e : females, LV: length 0.55 rnm, height 0.21 ram;
males, LV: length 0.58 ram, height 0.22 turn.
R e m a r k s : Together with P. albaniensis Hartmann, 1979, P. exmouthensis Hartmann, 1978, P. devaney~ Hartrnann, 1984, P. aculeatum and P. melania, P. lizardensis
belongs to a group of elongated species with more or less developed caudal processes. It
differs from the other species in the shape of the carapace and in the copulatory organ of
the male. The length of the carapace in relation to its height is larger in P. 1izardensis and
the anterior margin is more rounded. The copulatory organ of the male has two chitinous
146
Patricia Behrens
a p p e n d a g e s like that of P. m e l a n i a . However, the smaller of the two a p p e n d a g e s of P.
l i z a r d e n s i s forms a n angle, whereas the one o f P. m e l a n i a is b r o a d e r a n d not angular.
Paradoxostoma aculeatum sp. n.
(Figs 8-10, 43-44)
Material
Holotype
: male, M a y 16, 1988, Lizard Island, Sta. 2; AMS.
Paratypes:
Lizard Island: 1 larva, May 18, 1988, Sta. 11; 1 female, 2 males,
A u g u s t 16, 1989, Sta. 11; 1 male, A u g u s t I6, 1989, Sta. 12; 13 females, 6 males, I0 larvae,
M a y 16, 1988, Sta. 20; A_MS. 25 females, 16 males, 18 larvae, A u g u s t 11, 1989, Sta. 20; 5
females, 5 males, 3 larvae, May 10, 1988, Sta. 21; 1 female, A u g u s t 15, 1989, Sta. 23;
4 females, 1 male, A u g u s t 17, 1989, Sta. 29; ZMH K-34559. Cod Hole: 4 females, 2 males,
1 larva, A u g u s t 7, 1989, Sta. 34; ZMH K-34559. Hilder Reef: 1 female, 1 m a l e , April 24,
1988, Sta. 36; ZMH K-34559.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, l e e w a r d side, dead coral fragments.
N a m e : The latin word "aculeatus" refers to the spur on the ventral m a r g i n of the
carapace.
Description:
The male carapace is similar in shape to that of the female
carapace except that that of the male is slightly higher, M a x i m u m c a r a p a c e h e i g h t is at
the middle of the dorsal margin. The anterior m a r g i n is rounded. The v e n t r a l m a r g i n runs
in a straight line to the posterior margin. There is a selvage which forms a distinct spur at
the posterior e n d of the ventral margin. In the anterior part of the carapace, a broad
vestibule is developed. In the mouth area, the i n n e r margin a n d the line of concrescence
coincide. There is also a small vestibule in the posterior part of the carapace. 16 m a r g i n a l
pore canals are equally distributed.
The Au has 6 segments, is slender a n d has thin bristles that are difficult to recognize.
The Aa has 5 segmentsi ventrodistally with one bristle on each s e g m e n t 2, 3 a n d 4. O n e of
the terminal claws is strong, the other is developed as a bristIe. The s p i n n e r e t bristle is
longer than the e n d of the terminal claw. The Md is developed as a s t i n g i n g organ. The
edge of the Mxu bears a small hook. W a l k i n g legs: P l has a w e a k bristle at the ventral
margin, a very strong kneebristle which is more developed as a claw a n d a small bristle at
the ventral m a r g i n of s e g m e n t 2. P2 a n d P3 have w e a k kneebristles a n d small bristles at
the ventral m a r g i n s of s e g m e n t 2. The copulatory organ of the male is a simple structure,
with two thin a p p e n d a g e s .
S i z e : females, LV: length 0.67 ram, height 0.26 ram;
males, LV: length 0.70 ram, height 0.30 ram.
R e m a r k s : P. a c u l e a t u m differs from the other species in h a v i n g a distinct spur on
the ventral m a r g i n of the carapace. The other species of the group with e l o n g a t e d
carapaces have two Iarge, chitinous a p p e n d a g e s at the copulatory o r g a n of the male, b u t
the copulatory o r g a n of P. a c u l e a t u m is a simple structure. O n e of the two a p p e n d a g e s is
very small, almost lacking.
O s t r a c o d a from Lizard Island, Australia (II)
147
P a r a d o x o s t o m a m e l a n i a sp. n.
(Figs 11-15)
Material
Hoiotype:
male, M a y 8, 1988, Lizard Island, Sta. 24; AMS.
P a r a t y p e s : Lizard Island: 1 female, A u g u s t 14, 1989, Sta. 5; 1 male, M a r c h 19,
1988, Sta. 6; 1 female, A u g u s t 16, 1989, Sta. 11; 1 female, April 27, 1988, Sta. 13; 1 larva,
A u g u s t 8, 1989, Sta. 13; 4 females, 4 males, 1 larva, A u g u s t 11, 1989, Sta. 20; AMS.
1 male, A u g u s t 14, 1989, Sta. 21; 1 female, A u g u s t 15, 1989, Sta. 23; 1 female, M a y 17,
1988, Sta. 25; 1 female, 1 larva, A u g u s t 12, 1989, Sta. 25; Z M H K-34560. H i l d e r Reef:
1 female, 1 male, 1 larva, April 24, 1988, Sta. 36; Z M H K-34560.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, reef fiat, b l u e g r e e n aigae.
N a m e : The g r e e k w o r d "melania" m e a n s b l a c k spot a n d refers to the spots of the
carapace.
D e s c r i p t i o n : T h e outline of the c a r a p a c e of males a n d females is similar e x c e p t
that the females' c a r a p a c e s are higher. T h e dorsal m a r g i n is slightly convex. T h e anterior
m a r g i n is shghtly r o u n d e d . The ventral m a r g i n runs n e a r l y straight, from the anterior e n d
to the posterior m a r g i n w h e r e it forms a c a u d a l process. The inner m a r g i n a n d the line of
concrescence do not coincide. There is a large vestibule in the anterior section of the
carapace. The species has a p p r o x i m a t e l y 15 m a r g i n a l pore canals. A distinct s e l v a g e is
p r e s e n t at the ventral margin. The shell is t r a n s p a r e n t but covered with small, b l a c k
spots.
The A u has 6 s e g m e n t s with v e r y w e a k bristles. The Aa has 5 s e g m e n t s a n d the
s p i n n e r e t bristle n e a r l y r e a c h e s the e n d of the terminal point. Distoventrally t h e r e is one
bristle on each of the s e g m e n t s 2, 3 a n d 4. O n e of the terminal claws is v e r y strong, the
other w e a k . The M d is d e v e l o p e d as a stinging organ. The Mxu has very l o n g endites.
W a l k i n g Iegs: P1 has one small bristle at the anterior m a r g i n of s e g m e n t 1. The
kneebrisfle is very strong and as long as the following segment. P2 b e a r s a thin bristle on
the anterior m a r g i n of 1. The k n e e b r i s f i e is strong, b u t has only half the l e n g t h of the
following segment. T h e bristle on s e g m e n t 2 is strong. The kneebristle of P3 is w e a k , also
the bristle on s e g m e n t 2. The anterior m a r g i n of the terminal s e g m e n t is c o v e r e d with
long hair.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.89 ram, h e i g h t 0.35 mm;
males, LV: l e n g t h 0.92 ram, h e i g h t 0.35 mm.
R e m a r k s : P. m e l a n i a is the l a r g e s t of the e l o n g a t e d species. It also differs in the
coIour of the c a r a p a c e , which is c o v e r e d with distinct small, b l a c k spots. T h e s e c o n d
a p p e n d a g e of the copulatory organ of the male is b r o a d and larger t h a n that of t h e other
species. P. m e l a n i a l a r g e l y r e s e m b l e s P. d e v a n e y i Hartmann, 1984. H o w e v e r , the A a of P.
m e l a n i a has two t e r m i n a l claws w h e r e a s the A a of P. d e v a n e y i only has one. Also the
k n e e b r i s t l e of P2 of P. d e v a n e y i is l o n g e r than the next segment, w h i c h is a v e r y u n u s u a l
character.
Paradoxostoma moonga sp. n.
(Figs 16-19)
Material
Holotype:
male, M a y 16, 1988, Lizard Island, Sta. 20; AMS.
148
Patricia Behrens
P a r a t y p e s : Lizard Island: 4 females, 3 males, August 24, 1989, Sta. 4; 4 females,
1 male, 1 larva, A u g u s t 23, 1989, Sta. 6; 4 females, 2 males, May 18, 1988, Sta. 11; 16
females, 11 males, 2 larvae, A u g u s t 16, 1989, Sta. 111 2 females, 1 male, 2 larvae, April 24,
1988, Sta. 131 2 females, 3 males, A u g u s t 8, 1989, Sta. 13; AMS. 2 females, 3 males, May 3,
1988, Sta. 14; 4 females, 5 larvae, A u g u s t 5, 1989, Sta. 14~ 12 females, 9 males, 3 larvae,
May 16, 1988, Sta. 20; 1 female, 1 male, A u g u s t 11, 1989, Sta. 201 1 female, 1 male, M a y
10, 1988, Sta. 211 2 females, 1 larva, A u g u s t 14, 1989, Sta. 21~ 1 female, M a y 19, 1988, Sta.
23; 1 female, 2 males, 1 larva, A u g u s t 15, 1989, Sta. 23; 2 females, A u g u s t 17, 1989, Sta.
29; ZMH K-34561.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, d e a d cdral fragments covered with algae.
N a m e : The aboriginal word "moonga" m e a n s dark.
D e s c r i p t i o n : The dorsal m a r g i n of the carapace is convex with its m a x i m u m
height in the mid shell region. In the anterior part, the dorsal m a r g i n e x t e n d s almost to
the ventral margin. There is no clearly developed anterior margin. The posterior e n d is
shghfly more rounded. The ventral m a r g i n is straight. The i n n e r m a r g i n a n d the line of
concrescence are separated. In the anterior region, the vestibule is more developed. The
m a r g i n a l pore canals are short, their n u m b e r is about 16. The shell shows a dark
colouration along the dorsal m a r g i n or over the entire carapace.
The A u has 6 segments: the bristles are weak. The Aa has 5 segments. The s p i n n e r e t
bristle, which has a short second segment, reaches the e n d of the t e r m i n a l claw.
Distoventrally, the s e g m e n t s 2 a n d 4 each have one bristle, a n d s e g m e n t 3 has two
bristles. The terminal s e g m e n t has only one claw and no bristle at its side. T h e Md is
developed as a stinging organ. The Mxu is without special features. W a l k i n g legs: P1 has
one bristle at the anterior m a r g i n of s e g m e n t 1. The posterior m a r g i n is c o v e r e d b y long
hair. The kneebristle is strong a n d longer than the following segment. T h e bristle on
s e g m e n t 3 is small. P2 also has a bristle at the anterior m a r g i n of s e g m e n t 1. The
kneebristle is strong b u t not as long a n d the bristle on s e g m e n t 3 is well developed. P3
bears a thin hairy kneebristle. The bristle on s e g m e n t 2 is smaller t h a n that on P2. The
terminal claw is long.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.46 ram, height 0.21 mm;
males, LV: l e n g t h 0.47 ram, height 0.22 mm.
R e m a r k s : P. m o o n g a b e l o n g s to the arcuatum-group, which was e s t a b h s h e d b y
H a r t m a n n (1978} for a group of closely related species. P. m o o n g a differs from P.
pararcuata H a r t m a n n , 1978 i n the size of the carapace. P. pararcuata is larger t h a n P.
rnoonga. The P2 of P. pararcuata does not have a bristle on s e g m e n t I like that in P.
moonga, a n d the kneebrisfle is not strong. P. moonga differs from P. p a e n e a r c u a t u m
Hartmann. 1978 with respect to the a n t e n n a , which, in P. moonga, does n o t h a v e a small
hook besides the terminal claw. The basal capsule of the copulatory o r g a n of P. m o o n g a is
broader t h a n that of P. p a e n e a r c u a t u m , and one of the a p p e n d a g e s is shorter. P.
propearcuatum H a r t m a n n , 1978 differs in the shape of the carapace. T h e species has a
small caudal process which is not developed in P. moonga. The copulatory o r g a n of the
male of P. p r o p e a r c u a t u m differs in h a v i n g two large appendages, the s e c o n d o n e located
ventrad. P. moonga c a n also b e distinguished from the other species by its dark colour.
The carapace shows a dark colouration along the dorsal margin or over the entire
carapace.
Ostracoda from Lizard Island, Australia (II)
Paradoxostoma
149
t i w i w a r r i n sp. n.
(Pigs 20-23)
Material
Holotype:
male, May 18, 1988, Lizard Island, Sta. 10; AMS.
Paratypes:
Lizard Island: 1 male, August 23, 1989, Sta. 6; 5 females, 1 male,
April 27, 1988, Sta. 13; 1 female, A u g u s t 8, 1989, Sta 13; AMS. Cod Hole: 5 females,
2 males, August 7, 1989, Sta. 34; ZMH K-34562.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, dead coral fragments covered with algae.
N a m e : The aboriginal word "tiwiwarrin" m e a n s fast.
D e s c r i p t i o n : The anterior portion of the dorsal m a r g i n of the carapace is shghtly
convex a n d the anterior m a r g i n is rounded. The ventral m a r g i n r u n s in a straight hne.
There is no distinct demarcation b e t w e e n the ventral a n d the posterior margin, b u t t h e
latter steeply declines from the dorsal margin. The i n n e r margin a n d line of concrescence
do not coincide except at a small point in the mouth region. There are about 15 m a r g i n a l
pore canals.
The Au has 6 segments, with weakly developed bristles. The Aa has 5 segments,
with a 3 - s e g m e n t e d spinneret bristle which is not longer than the e n d of the terminal
claw. The second, third a n d fourth Aa segments each bear one bristle on their ventrodistal sides. The terminal claw is strong a n d has one small bristle at its side. The M d is
d e v e l o p e d as a stinging organ. The Mxu has long endites, the i n n e r endite bears only o n e
bristle. Walking legs: T h e bristle on the ventral m a r g i n of P1 is quite small, b u t the
kneebristle is relatively strong a n d extends to the following segment. Similarly, P2 has a
short, thin ventral bristle a n d a strong kneebristle that is half the l e n g t h of the following
segment. The kneebrisfle a n d the ventral bristle on segmer~t 2 of P3 are weak. S e g m e n t 3
bears bristle-hke hairs.
S i z e : females, LV: length 0.68 mm, height 0.29 ram;
males, LV: length 0.71 ram, height 0.29 mm.
R e m a r k s : P. t i w i w a r r i n differs from all other species in the shape of its carapace.
The posterior m a r g i n declines steeply from the dorsal m a r g i n to the anterior margin, a n d
the dorsal m a r g i n runs almost in a straight line.
Paradoxostoma
v i r g a t u m sp. n.
(Pigs 24-26)
Material
Holotypei
male, May 3, 1988, Lizard Island, Sta. 14; AMS.
Paratypes:
Lizard Island: 13 females, 4 males, May 3, 1988, Sta. 14; AMS. 9
females, 4 males, 2 larvae, August 5, 1989, Sta. 14; 2 females, 1 male, 1 larva, A u g u s t 14,
1989, Sta. 21; ZMH K-34563, Cod Hole: 3 females, 1 male, 1 larva, A u g u s t 7, 1989, Sta.
34; ZMH K-34563.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, reef fiat, red algae.
N a m e : The latin word "virgatus" refers to the o r n a m e n t a t i o n of fine ridges.
D e s c r i p t i o n : The dorsal m a r g i n reaches its m a x i m u m height b e h i n d the mid
shell region. The posterior e n d is broadly rounded. Dorsal a n d v e n t r a l m a r g i n s are
convex. The anterior m a r g i n is less r o u n d e d than the posterior one. There is a n o r n a m e n -
150
Patricia Behrens
tation of v e r y fine r i d g e s r u n n i n g from the anterior to the posterior end. T h e i n n e r m a r g i n
a n d the hne of concrescence n e v e r coincide. In the region of the mouth, t h e v e s t i b u l e is
n a r r o w e r c o m p a r e d with the anterior a n d posterior regions, w h e r e the m a r g i n a l p o r e
canals are short. The n u m b e r of pore canals is about 12.
T h e A u has 6 s e g m e n t s with w e a k bristles. The A a has 5 s e g m e n t s . T h e s p i n n e r e t
bristle r e a c h e s the e n d of the terminal claw. One terminal claw is d e v e l o p e d haxhng a
small bristle at its side. The s e g m e n t s 2, 3 a n d 4 distoventrally b e a r one s m a l l bristle each.
T h e M d is d e v e l o p e d as a stinging organ. The Mxu has long a n d s l e n d e r endites.
W a l k i n g legs: T h e a p o d e m e s of the w a l k i n g legs are complex. P1 b e a r s a thin bristle at
the anterior m a r g i n of s e g m e n t 1. The kneebrisfle is strong a n d l o n g e r t h a n t h e following
segment. T h e bristle at the anterior m a r g i n of s e g m e n t 2 is also strong a n d l o n g e r t h a n
the following segment, which is unusual. P2 has a strong k n e e b r i s t l e w h i c h is half the
l e n g t h of s e g m e n t 3. The k n e e b r i s t l e of P3 is thin, and the bristle on s e g m e n t 2 strong.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.65 mm, h e i g h t 0.28 mm;
males, LV: l e n g t h 0.67 mm, h e i g h t 0.29 mm.
R e m a r k s : P. v i r g a t u m r e s e m b l e s P. c o n g r u e n s in the s h a p e of t h e c a r a p a c e .
However, the posterior e n d of P. c o n g r u e n s is more r o u n d e d than that o f P. virgatum.
T h e s e two s p e c i e s differ in the size of their carapace. P. v i r g a t u m is d i s t i n c t l y l a r g e r t h a n
P. c o n g r u e n s . T h e y can also b e d i s t i n g u i s h e d b y the copulatory o r g a n o f t h e male. P.
c o n g r u e n s h a s a small s e c o n d a p p e n d a g e , w h i c h is not d e v e l o p e d in P. v i r g a t u m .
Paradoxostoma congruens sp. n.
(Figs 27-29)
Material
H o i o t y p e : male, August 16, 1989, Lizard Island, Sta. 12; AMS.
P a r a t y p e s: Lizard Island: 1 female, May 14, 1988, Sta. 8; I female, August 16,
1989, Sta. 12; 2 females, i larva, May 17, 1988, Sta. 25; ] female, 1 male, I larva, August
12, 1989, Sta. 25; AMS. Cod Hole: 2 females, 3 males, I larva, August 7, 1989, Sta. 34;
ZMH K-34564.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, dead coral fragments covered with filamentous
algae.
N a m e : The latin word "congruens" refers to the uniform shape of the carapace.
D e s c r i p t i o n : The dorsal margin is convex, reaching maximum height just
posterior to the mid shell region. The ventral margin runs in almost a straight line. The
posterior margin is broadly rounded, the anterior margin is narrower. The inner margin
and the line of concrescence are well separated, and a large vestibule is developed.
Therefore, the pore canals are short. They number about 15.
The Au has 6 segments with small bristles. The Aa has 5 segments. The spinneret
bristle has 3 segments and it extends to the end of the terminal claw. The distoventral
bristles on the segments 2, 3 and 4 are small. The terminal segment bears one claw and
one small bristle. The Md is developed as a stinging organ. The first endite of the Mxu
has only one bristle. Walking legs: P1 has a long, thin bristle at its anterior margin and a
strong kneebristle that is longer than the following segment. The kneebristle on P2 is as
long as the following segment but it is not as strong as the one on PI. The bristle on
segment 2 is short. The kneebristle of P3 is very weak. Segment 2 bears a short bristle and
Ostracoda from Lizard Island, Australia (II)
151
s e g m e n t 3 is covered with hair at the anterior margin, which gives the i m p r e s s i o n of a
bristle.
S i z e: females, LV: length 0.49 ram, height 0.21 ram;
males, LV: length 0.53 ram, height 0.23 ram.
Remarks:
seeP. virgaturn sp. n.
Paradoxostoma w a m i n o a sp. n.
(Figs 30-32)
Material
H o l o t y p e : male, M a r c h 15, 1988, Lizard Island, Sta. 5; AMS.
Paratypes:
Lizard Island: 1 female, M a r c h 15, 1988, Sta. 4; 3 females, 2 males,
M a r c h 15, 1988, Sta. 5; 4 females, 4 males, A u g u s t 4, 1989, Sta. 5; 12 females, 8 males, 5
larvae, M a r c h 19, 1988, Sta. 6; 15 females, 10 males, 9 larvae, A u g u s t 23, 1989, Sta. 6;
AMS. 3 females, 1 male, M a y 14, 1988, Sta. 8; 3 females, April 27, 1988, Sta. 13; 17
females, 5 males, M a y 3, 1988, Sta. 14; 9 females, 4 males, 2 larvae, A u g u s t 5, 1989, Sta.
14; 1 female, A u g u s t 14, 1989, Sta. 21; ZMI-I K-34565.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, reef flat, algae.
N a m e : T h e aboriginal w o r d "waminoa" m e a n s c o m p a n i o n a n d refers to t h e large
p o p u l a t i o n found.
D e s c r i p t i o n : The dorsal m a r g i n of the c a r a p a c e is e x t r e m e l y convex. R o u n d e d
tips are d e v e l o p e d at the posterior and anterior ends at the s a m e height. T h e ventral
m a r g i n is slightly concave in the middle. The inner m a r g i n a n d the line of c o n c r e s c e n c e
are well s e p a r a t e d at the anterior a n d posterior parts of the shell. T h e y n e a r l y coincide in
the region of the mouth. The n u m b e r of m a r g i n a l pore canals is a b o u t 15.
The A u h a s 6 segments. The terminal s e g m e n t is only half the l e n g t h of the following
one. The bristles are very small. The Aa has 5 segments, h a v i n g a s p i n n e r e t bristle l o n g e r
t h a n the t e r m i n a l claw. The s e g m e n t s 2, 3, a n d 4 distoventrally h a v e one bristle each. The
terminal claw is strong, with a small bristle at its side. The M d is d e v e l o p e d as a stinging
organ. W a l k i n g legs: The anterior m a r g i n of P1 has a long b u t thin bristle. The
k n e e b r i s t l e is e x t r e m e l y coarse a n d r e a c h e s the m i d d l e of s e g m e n t 3. T h e bristle on
s e g m e n t 3 is also coarse. The kneebristle of P2 is weaker. P3 b e a r s a thin kneebristle. The
top of the anterior m a r g i n of s e g m e n t 3 is c o v e r e d with hair, w h i c h gives the i m p r e s s i o n
of a bristle.
S i z e: females, LV: length 0.51 ram, height 0.22 ram;
males, LV: length 0.54 ram, height 0.23 ram.
Remarks:
P. w a m i n o a has an extremely convex dorsal margin with tips
developed at the anterior and posterior ends and a concave ventral margin. This gives a
unique shape to the carapace that differentiates P. w a m i n o a from all other species. The
copulatory organ of the male resembles that of P. congruens, but has a shorter copulatory
tube which runs in a straight line whereas that of P. congruens runs in a circle.
152
Patricia Behrens
Paradoxostoma m a l d u m sp. n.
(Figs 33-36)
Material
H o 1 o t y p e : male, August 4, 1989, Lizard Island, Sta. ~.
P a r a t y p e s : Lizard Island: 1 female, March 15, 1988, Sta. 5; AMS. 1 male, A u g u s t
4, 1989, Sta. 5; 1 female, March 19, 1988, Sta. 6; ZMH K-34566.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, reef flat, Halimeda sp.
N a m e : The aboriginal word "malde" m e a n s strange a n d refers to the u n u s u a l
carapace shape.
D e s c r i p t i o n : The dorsal m a r g i n of the carapace is convex with its m a x i m u m
h e i g h t in the mid region. The anterior m a r g i n is rounded. The ventral m a r g i n is n e a r l y
straight with a slightly concave part in the region of the mouth. The posterior m a r g i n has
a r o u n d e d tip. It runs straight to the ventral margin. The i n n e r m a r g i n a n d the h n e of
concrescence n e v e r coincide. The vestibule is broad a n d therefore the m a r g i n a l pore
canals, about 13, are short.
The Au has 6 segments, There are two long bristles on s e g m e n t 4. The A a is compact.
Ventrodistally there is one long bristle on s e g m e n t 2, a n d there are short bristles on
s e g m e n t s 3 a n d 4. The terminal s e g m e n t bears one long claw a n d o n e bristle. The
s p i n n e r e t bristle is short, only reaching the base of the terminal claw. The M d is
developed as a stinging organ a n d is extremely long. The Mxu has relatively short
endites. W a l k i n g legs: P1 has a strong kneebristle which is as long as the following
segment. The ventral bristle of s e g m e n t 2 is weak. P2 a n d P3 have w e a k k n e e b r i s t l e s a n d
also w e a k bristles on s e g m e n t 2.
S i z e : females, LV: length 0.42 ram, height 0.24 rnm;
males, LV: length 0.43 ram, height 0.24 ram.
R e m a r k s : The species that resembles P. m a l d u m is P. geraldtonensis H a r t m a n n ,
1978. These species differ in the form of the anterior m a r g i n which is shghtly concave in
P. m a l d u m but straight in P. geraldtonensis. The terminal claw of the a n t e n n a is m u c h
longer in P. maldum. The e n d of the a p p e n d a g e of the copulatory o r g a n of the male is
r o u n d e d i n P. m a l d u m b u t u n e v e n in P. geraldtonensis.
Paradoxostoma kurrawa sp. n.
(Figs 37-38)
Material
H o l o t y p e : male, May 18, 1988, Lizard Island, Sta. 10; AMS.
Paratypes:
Lizard Island: 2 females, 4 males, May 18, 1988, Sta. 10; AMS. 1
female, I male, May 18, 1988, Sta. 11; 1 female, April 27, 1988, Sta. 13; 2 females, A u g u s t
17, 1989, Sta. 29; ZMH K-34567.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, w i n d w a r d side, d e a d coral fragments.
N a m e : The aboriginal word "kurrawa" m e a n s rough sea a n d refers to the locus
typicus.
D e s c r i p t i o n : The dorsal m a r g i n of the carapace is convex. The anterior m a r g i n
is broadly rounded. The ventral m a r g i n has a small area i n the region of the m o u t h w h e r e
it is concave, but it is mostly convex. The posterior m a r g i n ends in a small caudal process.
Ostracoda from Lizard Island, Austraha (II)
153
The i n n e r m a r g i n a n d the h n e of concrescence n e v e r coincide. The vestibule is b r o a d a n d
the m a r g i n a l pore canals are short. Their n u m b e r is about 16. The carapace of the female
is higher t h a n that of the male.
The Au has 6 s e g m e n t s With w e a k bristles. The Aa has 5 segments. Distoventrally the
segments 2, 3 a n d 4 b e a r one bristle each. The spinneret bristle has 3 s e g m e n t s a n d does
not reach the e n d of the terminal claw in length. The Md is developed as a s t i n g i n g organ.
The endites of the Mxu are relatively short. W a l k i n g legs: P1 has a small bristle at the
anterior m a r g i n of s e g m e n t 1. The kneebristle is coarse a n d as long as the following
segment. The bristle on s e g m e n t 2 is short. P2 a n d P3 have a w e a k kneebristle each. The
bristles on s e g m e n t 2 are also short. The a p o d e m e s of the w a l k i n g legs are complex
structures.
S i z e : females; LV: length 0.55 ram, height 0.30 mm;
males, LV: l e n g t h 0.62 mm, height 0.35 mm.
R e m a r k s : Like P. maldum, P. kurrawa resembles P. geraldtonensis H a r t m a n n ,
1978 in the shape of the carapace. However, P. kurrawa is larger than both species a n d
has a distinct colouration of the carapace as illustrated in Fig. 37. The copulatory o r g a n of
the male has only one a p p e n d a g e .
Paradoxostoma worooa sp. n.
(Figs 39-42)
Material
H o I o t y p e : female, March 19, 1988, Lizard Island, Sta. 6; AIMS.
P a r a t y p e s : Lizard Island: 5 females, May 18, 1988, Sta. 11; 5 females, 2 larvae,
August 16, 1989, Sta. 11; 2 females, April 27, 1988, Sta. 13; 1 female, August 8, 1989, Sta.
13; 6 females, May 16, 1988, Sta; 20; 8 females, 4 larvae, August 11, 1989, Sta. 20;
4 females, May 10, 1988, Sta. 21; 6 females, I larva, August 15, 1989, Sta. 23; AMS.
2 females, May 17, 1988, Sta. 25; 4 females, August 17, 1989, Sta. 29; ZMH K-34568. Cod
Hole: 8 females, August 7, 1989, Sta. 34; ZMH K-34568.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, dead coral fragments covered with algae.
l'q a m e : "worooa" is the aboriginal word for green and refers to the colour of the
carapace.
D e s c r i p r i o n : The carapace is twice as long as high. The dorsal margin is
strongly convex and has its maximum height behind the mid region. Anterior and
posterior margin are rounded. The ventral margin is shghtly concave. The entire
carapace is a dark green colour. In the anterior region, there is a large vestibule. In the
mouth region, the inner margin and the line of concrescence nearly coincide. The
vestibule in the posterior region is not as broad as in the anterior region. The number of
marginal pore canals is about 17. A distinct selvage can be recognized.
The Au has 6 segments and weak bristles. The Aa has 5 segments. The bristle on
segment 2 is short and covered with hair. There is only one terminal claw. The Md is
developed as a stinging organ. The IVLxuis without special features. Walking legs: P1 has
one bristle at its anterior margin. The kneebristle is strong and as long as the following
segment. The bristle ventrally on segment 2 is small. The kneebristles of P2 and P3 are
weak, the bristles on segment 2 are also weak.
S i z e: females, LV: length 0.39 ram, height 0.19 mm.
154
P a t r i d a Behrens
R e m a r k s : Although P. worooa is common around Lizard Island, a n d s p e c i m e n s
were collected d u r i n g different seasons, males were not found. P. w o r o o a differs from
other species in its large height compared to its length, its small size a n d its dark g r e e n
colour.
P a r a d o x o s t o m a a n g u l a t u m sp. n.
(Figs 45-48)
Material
H o 1 o t y p e : male, A u g u s t 15, 1989, Lizard Island, Sta. 23; AMS.
P a r a t y p e s : Lizard Island: 9 females, 19 males, August 23, 1989, Sta. 6; AMS. 2
females, 1 male, A u g u s t 16, 1989, Sta. 11; 4 females, August 16, 1989, Sta. 12; 1 male,
A u g u s t 5, 1989, Sta. 14; 2 males, A u g u s t 14, 1989, Sta. 21; ZMH K 3 4 5 6 9 .
L o c u s : t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, algae.
N a m e : The latin word "angulatus" refers to the a n g u l a r shape o f t h e carapace.
D e s c r i p t i o n : The dorsal m a r g i n of the carapace is convex a n d h a s its m a x i m u m
height just b e h i n d the mid region. The posterior m a r g i n ends in a tip. There is a n
a n g u l a t i o n at the point where the posterior m a r g i n joints the ventral m a r g i n . The ventral
m a r g i n is slightly concave. The anterior m a r g i n ends in a tip as well, b u t is more r o u n d e d
t h a n the posterior one. In the anterior a n d posterior parts, vestibules are d e v e l o p e d . In the
ventral region, the i n n e r m a r g i n a n d the h n e of concrescence n e a r l y coincide. The
n u m b e r of m a r g i n a l pore canals is a b o u t 14. The carapace of the female is smaller t h a n
that of the male.
The Au has 6 s e g m e n t s with w e a k bristles. The Aa has 5 segments. T h e s e g m e n t s 2,
3 a n d 4 distoventrally bear one bristle each. The terminal s e g m e n t has o n e claw a n d one
bristle. The s p i n n e r e t bristle has 3 s e g m e n t s a n d do~s not reach the t e r m i n a l claw i n
length. The Md is developed as a stinging organ. The Mxu is without special features.
W a l k i n g legs: P1 has a strong kneebristle which is not as long as the following segment.
The bristle at the anterior m a r g i n of s e g m e n t 1 is weak, the one at s e g m e n t 2 is strong. P2
has also a strong kneebristle which is about half the length of the following segment. The
bristle on s e g m e n t 2 is weak. P3 has a w e a k kneebristle a n d a w e a k bristle on s e g m e n t 2.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.39 mm, height 0.23 mm;
males, LV: l e n g t h 0.4I mm, height 0.24 mm.
R e m a r k s : P. a n g u l a t u m mostly occurred on algae. Single s p e c i m e n s were f o u n d
on dead coral fragments. The species seems to a p p e a r seasonally as it w a s collected only
during winter m o n t h s (September-October), but not in s u m m e r (February - April). There
is no other species that resembles P. a n g u l a t u m in the shape of the carapace. Anterior
a n d posterior m a r g i n s are pointed, with a slightly concave v e n t r a l m a r g i n a n d a n
a n g u l a t i o n w h e r e the ventral m a r g i n joints the posterior margin.
P a r a d o x o s t o m a m i n y a sp. n.
(Figs 49-50)
Material
Holotype
: male, A u g u s t 14, 1989, Lizard Island, Sta. 21; AMS.
P a r a t y p e s : Lizard Island: 1 female, March 15, 1988, Sta. 5; 3 females, 5 males,
A u g u s t 23, 1989, Sta. 6; 1 larva, A u g u s t 16, 1989, Sta. 11; 4 females, 2 males, A u g u s t 16,
Ostracoda from Lizard Island, Austraha (II)
155
1989, Sta. 12; 1 larva, April 27, 1988, Sta. 13; 1 female, August 8, 1989, Sta. 13; 1 female,
May 3, 1988, Sta. 14; 1 female, A u g u s t 5, 1989, Sta. 14; AMS. 2 females, 1 male, A u g u s t
12, 1989, Sta. 25; 1 female, 1 male, 1 larva, August 17, 1989, Sta. 29; Z M H K-34570. Co d
Hole: 1 female, A u g u s t 7, I989, Sta. 34; Z M H K-34570.
L o c u s t y p i c u s : Lizard Island, algae.
N a m e : T h e aboriginal w o r d "minya" m e a n s s m a l l
D e s c r i p t i o n : T h e h i g h e s t point of the dorsal m a r g i n of t h e c a r a p a c e is n e a r the
posterior margin. T h e dorsal m a r g i n forms a distinct an g l e with the posterior m a r g i n
w h i c h is almost vertical. T h e v e n t r a l m a r g i n is slightly concave. Th e anterior m a r g i n is
rounded. Th e fused zone is v e r y broad, especially in the posterior r e g i o n of the c a r a p a c e
w h e r e there are also a lot of false m a r g i n a l pore canals. A large vestibule is p r e s e n t in the
anterior region. T h e n u m b e r of m a r g i n a l pore canals is about 13. T h e c a r a p a c e is of
g o l d e n - b r o w n colour a n d the eyes of the animal are very distinct.
T h e Au has 6 s e g m e n t s with w e a k bristles. The Aa has 5 segments. Ventrodistally
there is one bristle on e a c h of the s e g m e n t s 2, 3 and 4. The terminal s e g m e n t b e a r s only
one claw. The spinneret bristle has 3 s e g m e n t s and does not r e a c h the e n d of t h e terminal
claw. Th e M d is d e v e l o p e d as a stinging organ. The inner endite of the M x u b e a r s only
one bristle. W a l k i n g legs: P l has one bristle at the anterior m a r g i n of s e g m e n t 1. Th e
kneebristle is coarse, but is only half the l e n g t h of the following s e g m e n t . T h e bristle on
s e g m e n t 2 is strong. P2 a n d P3 both h a v e one w e a k kneebrisfle each. Th e bristle at the
anterior m a r g i n of s e g m e n t 2 is strong on P2 and w e a k on P3.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.44 ram, h e i g h t 0.22 ram;
males, LV: l e n g t h 0.40 ram, h e i g h t 0.20 ram.
R e m a r k s : T h e c a r a p a c e of P. minya largely r esem b l es P. latimarginatum Hartmann, 1979, but is smaller. Both species also differ in the aptenna. P. latimarginatum has
a bristle besides the terminal claw that P. minya lacks. Th e inner endite of the maxillula
bears one bristle in P. minya but two bristles in P. latimarginatum.
Paradoxostoma sp. Lizard 1
(Fig. 51)
M a t e r i a l : 3 females, A u g u s t 16, 1989, Lizard Island, Sta. 12; AMS.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.78 ram, h e i g h t 0.30 ram.
Paradoxostoma sp. Lizard 2
(Fig. 52)
M a t e r i a 1 : 1 female, A u g u s t 23, 1989, Lizard Island, Sta. 6; 1 female, A u g u s t 17,
1989, Sta. 29; AMS.
S i z e : females, LV: l e n g t h 0.53 ram, h e i g h t 0.25 ram.
Acknowledgements. I would like to thank Prof. Dr G. Hartmann for proposing the subject of this
investigation and for his encouragement during the progress of the study. Thanks are also due to
J. K. Kirch and O. Gross for assistance in collecting the material, also to J. Elliott and S. Meyer for
correcting the English of the manuscript. These studies were supported by the Amahe Dietrich
Fellowship 1988 of the Australian Museum, Sydney, and the article is based on a doctoral study in
the Faculty of Biology, University of Hamburg.
156
Patricia Behrens
LITERATURE CITED
Behrens, P., 1991. Ostracoda (Cmstacea) from Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
I. Families: Cytherellidae, Loxoconchidae, C ytherideidae, Cytheruridae, Paracytherideidae,
Pectocytheridae, Krithidae, Cytheromatiidae, Bythocytheridae, Cytheridae. - Helgol~nder Meeresunters. 45, 107-142.
Bonaduce, G., Masoli, M., Minichelh, G. & Pughese, N., 1980. Some n e w benthic marine ostracod
species from the Gulf of Ac[aba (Red Sea). - Boll. Soc. paleont, ital. 19, 143-178.
Hartmann, G., 1978. Die Ostracoden der O r d n u n g Podocopida G. W. Mfiller, 1894 der tropischsubtropischen Westkfiste Australiens (zwischen Derby im Norden u n d Perth im Sfiden). - Mitt.
hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. 75, 63-219.
Hartmann, G., 1979. Die Ostracoden der O r d n u n g Podocopida G. W. Mfiller, 1894 der warmtempefierten (antiborealen) West- u n d Sfidwestkfiste Australlens (zwischen Perth ira Norden
u n d Eucla im Sfiden.) - Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. 76, 219-301.
Hartmann, G., 1981. Die Ostracoden der O r d n u n g Podocopida G. W. Mfiller, 1894 der subtropischtropischen Ostkfiste Austrahens (zwischen Eden im Sfiden und Heron Island im Norden). - Mitt.
hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. 78, 97-149.
Hartmann, G., 1984. Zur Kenntnis der Ostracoden der polynesischen Inseln H u a h i n 6 (Gesellschaftsinseln) u n d Rangiroa (Tuamotu-Inseln).- Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. 81, 117-169.
Reed, A. W., 1965. Aboriginal words of Australia. Reed Books, Terrey Hills, 144 pp.
157
O s t r a c o d a f r o m L i z a r d Island, A u s t r a h a (II)
5
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I
7
Figs 1--4. Paradoxostoma cf. navicula Bonaduce; Masoli, Minichelli & Pugliese, 1980. 1: Female LV
from inside (Scale = 0.1 inm). 2: Au: 3: Male copulatory organ. 4: Aa (Scales of Figs 2-4 =
0.05 ram)
Figs 5-7. Paradoxostoma lizardensis sp. n. 5: Female LV from inside (Scale = 0.1 mm). 6: Male
copulatory organ. 7: Aa (Scales of Figs 6-7 = 0.05 mm)
Patricia Behrens
158
IO
12
13
I
\
F i g s 8-10, Paradoxostoma aculeatum, sp. n. 8: M a l e LV from i n s i d e (Scale -- 0.1 m m ) , 9: M x u .
10: A u (Scales of Figs 9 - 1 0 = 0.05 m m )
Figs 11-15. Paradoxostoma melania sp. n. 11: M x u (Scale -- 0.05 m m ) . 12" M a l e LV from i n s i d e
(Scale = 0.1 m m ) , 13: M a l e c o p u l a t o r y o r g a n . 14: Aa. 15: A u (SCales of Figs 1 3 - 1 5 = 0.05 m m )
O s t r a c o d a f r o m L i z a r d I s l a n d , A u s t r a h a (II}
9
159
16
17
23
Figs 16-19. P a r a d o x o s t o m a m o o n g a sp. n. 16: Female RV from inside {Scale = 0.1 ram). 17: Aa.
18: Mxu. 19: Male copulatory organ (Scales of Figs 17-19 = 0.05 ram)
Figs 20-23. P a r a d o x o s t o m a tiwiwarrin sp. n. 20: Male LV from inside (Scale = 0.1 ram). 21: Aa.
22: Au. 23: Male copulatory organ {Scales of Figs 21-23 = 0.05 ram)
160
Patricia Behrens
24
28
27
29
Figs 24-26. Paradoxostoma virgatum sp. n. 24: F e m a l e LV from i n s i d e (Scale = 0.1 ram). 25: M a l e
c o p u l a t o r y o r g a n . 26: A u (Scales of Figs 2 5 - 2 6 = 0.05 m m )
Figs 27-29. Paradoxostoma congruens sp, n. 27: M a l e c o p u l a t o r y o r g a n . 28: A a (Scales of F i g s
2 7 - 2 8 = 0.05 mm}. 29: F e m a l e RV from inside (Scale ; 0.1 m m )
161
O s t r a c o d a f r o m L i z a r d I s l a n d , A u s t r a l i a (II)
30
34
35
Figs 30-32. Paradoxostoma waminoa sp. n. 30: Aa. 31: Male copulatory organ (Scales of Figs 30--31
= 0.05 mm). 32: Male RV from inside (Scale - 0.1 ram)
Figs 33-36. Paradoxostoma m a l d u m sp. n. 33: Aa, 34: Md. 35: Male copulatory organ (Scales of
Figs 33-35 = 0.05 mm). 36: Male LV from inside (Scale = 0.1 ram)
~i: i i!ii:!(~;;:;;;i:i:!' 84
37
39
/
43
I
44
Figs 3 7 - 3 8 . P a r a d o x o s t o m a k u r r a w a sp. n. 37: F e m a l e LV f r o m i n s i d e (Scale = 0.1 m m ) . 38: M a l e
c o p u l a t o r y o r g a n (Scale = 0.05 m m )
Figs 39-42. P a r a d o x o s t o m a worooa sp. n. 39: F e m a l e RV f r o m i n s i d e (Scale = 0. I m m ) . 40: Au.
41: Aa, 42: M x u (Scales of Figs 4 0 - 4 2 = 0.05 ram)
Figs 4 3 - 4 4 . P a r a d o x o s t o m a a c u l e a t u m sp. n. 43: Aa. 44: M a l e c o p u l a t o r y o r g a n (Scales of Figs
43--44 = 0.05 m m )
48
5O
52
Figs 45-48. Paradoxostoma angulatum sp. n. 45: M a l e RV from i n s i d e (Scale = 0.1
c o p u l a t o r y o r g a n . 47: Au. 48: A a (Scales of Figs 4 6 - 4 8 ~ 0.05 ram)
Figs 4 9 - 5 0 . Paradoxostoma minya sp. n. 49: F e m a l e RV from i n s i d e (Scale = 0.I
c o p u l a t o r y o r g a n (Scale = 0.05 ram)
Fig. 51. Paradoxostoma sp, Lizard 1. F e m a l e RV from inside (Scale = 0.1
Fig. 52, Paradoxostoma sp. Lizard 2. F e m a l e RV f r o m i n s i d e (Scale = 0.1
ram). 46: M a l e
ram). 50: M a l e
ram)
ram)