American History II
CW
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Origins of the Cold War
Chapter 26, Section 1; pp. 808-814
One American’s Story
1.
For what was Joseph Polowsky and his patrol scouting?
2.
After spotting Soviet soldiers, what shocked them?
3.
What had US and Soviet soldiers hoped their meeting would represent?
4.
Why would this not be the case?
Former Allies Clash
5.
Record the difference between the Soviet Union and the US as outlined by the text.
Soviet Communism
American Capitalism
Soviet Totalitarianism
American Democracy
6.
Why was the US furious with Joseph Stalin?
7.
When did Stalin stop being an ally of Hitler and support the Allies?
8.
Demonstrating that Americans and the Soviets became more suspicious of each other as the war progressed,
why did Stalin resent the Western Allies (Britain and the US)?
9.
Why did Stalin want the Western Allies to attack Europe?
10.
When did relation worsen?
The United Nations
11.
What was the one visible symbol for the high hopes for peace in the post war period?
12.
When and where was the first meeting of the United Nations?
13.
How many nations sent representatives?
14.
When was the United Nations charter signed?
15.
Ironically, what did the UN become?
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Truman Becomes President
16.
Who was the key figure for the US in the early years of the Cold War conflict?
17.
When did Truman become President?
18.
Even though Roosevelt had been president since 1932, when was Truman picked to become his vice presidential
running mate?
19.
What had Harry Truman been before he was picked to become vice president?
20.
From what had Truman been excluded in his days as vice president?
21.
Even though many Americans were skeptical of Truman, what qualities did Truman possess that he would need
during his presidency?
The Potsdam Conference
22.
When was the Potsdam Conference held?
23.
Who were the “Big Three” countries represented at Potsdam?
24.
Meeting earlier at Yalta (in the Russian Crimean), the “Big Three” were Franklin Roosevelt for the US, Winston
Churchill for Britain and Joseph Stalin for the Soviet Union. Who was representing these countries at Potsdam?
25.
What had Stalin promised Roosevelt at Yalta?
26.
What was the situation in Poland and Eastern Europe concerning the Soviet Army?
27.
What was clear by July 1945?
28.
What were the Soviet doing in Poland and Eastern Europe?
Tension Mounts
29.
Of what did Stalin’s refusal to hold free elections convince Truman?
30.
Why was Truman demanding free elections?
31.
Of what did he believe all nations should have the right?
Bargaining at Potsdam
32.
What had the Soviets wanted at Yalta?
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33.
After Truman’s objections, what was agreed?
34.
In what did Truman believe the US had an economic stake?
35.
What had happened to US industry during the war?
36.
In order to keep growing, what did American business want?
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Soviets Tighten Their Grip on Eastern Europe
37.
In what condition had the Soviet Union emerged from the war?
38.
How was their experience in the war different than the US?
39.
What was the estimated number of Soviet casualties?
40.
Mainly because of this, in what did the Soviets feel justified?
41.
What did the Soviets feel they could do if they dominated Eastern Europe?’
42.
In what countries were communist governments installed?
43.
As what did these countries become known?
44.
In a 1946 speech, what announcement did Joseph Stalin make?
45.
According to this speech, what did Stalin believe was inevitable?
46.
Consulting the chart on page 810, titled “US Aims Versus Soviet Aims in Europe,” how did what the US wanted to
do in Europe compare with what the Soviets wanted to do in Europe?
United States
Soviet Union
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United States Establishes a Policy of Containment
47.
Faced with a threat from the Soviet Union, what did Truman say concerning American policy toward the Soviets
48.
Who was George Kennan?
49.
What did he propose in February 1946?
50.
What did he mean by the word “containment?”
51.
With containment part of US policy, what was the situation in Europe?
52.
What were the two political regions in Europe?
53.
What did Winston Churchill do in March of 1946?
54.
Reading in “A Personal Voice,” “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic” what has descended across
the continent?
55.
According to Churchill’s speech, to what were all the “capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern
Europe” subject?
56.
For what did the phrase “iron curtain” stand?
57.
What did Stalin say about Churchill’s speech?
Cold War in Europe
58.
As what did this conflict between what the US and her western allies wanted and what the Soviets wanted would
become known?
59.
Why was it called a “cold” war as opposed to a “hot” war where there was actual fighting?
60.
How long would the Cold War dominate global affairs?
61.
What caused the Cold War to end?
The Truman Doctrine
62.
In which countries did the US try to contain Soviet influence?
63.
Who had been supporting the fight against communism in these two countries?
64.
For what did Truman ask the Congress in March 1947?
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65.
As what did this become known?
66.
What was the statement made by Truman that came to be known as the Truman Doctrine?
#34
The Marshall Plan
67.
Just like Greece, what was the situation in Europe?
68.
What had happened to many of their factories?
69.
Where were millions of people living?
70.
What were the governments trying to do?
71.
What made matters worse?
72.
Who was making this proposal in June of 1947?
73.
What was his proposal?
74.
What did Marshall say that would explain the purpose of the Marshall Plan?
75.
How much money was spent over the next four years?
76.
How had the Marshall Plan affected Europe by 1952?
77.
How were many of the communist parties affected by the Marshall Plan?
Superpowers Struggle Over Germany
78.
Over what did the US and the Soviet Union begin to clash, once Europe began to recover?
79.
What had happened to Germany at the end of World War II?
80.
What was decided in 1948?
81.
With Berlin divided, much like Germany, what was the situation for the combined British, American and French
zones in Berlin?
82.
What had the three nations failed to get from the Soviets?
83.
Seeing an opportunity to run the Allies out of West Berlin, what did Stalin order in June of 1948?
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84.
What was the impact of Stalin’s actions?
85.
How long could the 2.1 million residents of West Berlin last?
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The Berlin Airlift
86.
Because the situation was so dire, in an attempt to break the blockade, what did American and British officials
start?
87.
What was the airlift designed to do?
88.
How long did the Berlin Airlift last? How many flights were flown?
89.
What was brought in?
90.
How did the Berlin Airlift affect US prestige in the world?
91.
Realizing that they had been beaten, when did the Soviets end the blockade of West Berlin?
92.
In May 1949, what was happening in West Germany?
93.
In response, what did the Soviet Union create in East Germany?
The NATO Alliance
94.
How did the Berlin blockade affect soviet relations with Western Europe and the US?
95.
What was formed as a result?
96.
What countries were initially involved?
97.
What was the full name of this alliance?
98.
To what did the 12 member nations pledge?
99.
What did this signal for the US?
100.
What did the Cold War end for the US?
101.
With Greece and Turkey joining NATO in 1952 and West Germany joining in 1955, what did the NATO alliance
maintain in Europe to prevent Soviet aggression?