Name:_______________________________________
Plant Adaptation and Ecosystem Review
Using the food chain above, answer the following questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the herbivore in this food chain? grasshopper
What is the producer in this food chain? flower
What are 2 abiotic factors that could cause the frog population to decline? Sunlight, rocks
Using the food chain below, draw an energy pyramid.
Heterotrophs
Snake
Frog
Grasshopper
Autotrophs
Flower
In the energy pyramid below, minnows received (consumed) 1,000 Joules of energy from the
copepods. Minnows grew bigger and stored about 10% of this energy in the form of fat and muscle.
The stored energy in minnows is now a source of energy for the bass.
5. Where did the other 90% (900Joules) go?
a. The energy is used for living, breathing, moving…
b. The energy is lost in feces.
6.
What is the primary consumer in this energy pyramid?
Copepods
7. What are the two decomposers in the following food web? Mushrooms and bacteria
8. What are the producers in this food web? Trees, grasses, flower seeds
9. Create two food chains found in this food web.
Grasses
Grasshoppers
Insect eating birds
Hawks
Trees
Bark Beetles
Insect eating birds
Hawks
Definitions:
8. Biotic – living things
9. Abiotic – non-living things
10. Population – two or more of the same
organism
11. Community – 2 or more different
populations
12. Organism – living thing that can function
on its own. Can be unicellular (1 celled)
or multicellular (made of many cells)
13. Ecosystem – the community of
organisms and non-living components
14. Ecology – study of interactions among
organisms and their environment
15. Environment – the biotic and abiotic
factors that can affect organisms
16. Energy – the ability to do work
17. Niche – how an organism lives,
reproduces, obtains its food, etc…
18. Consumer – an organism that eats or
consumes another organism
19. Producer – an organism that produces
its own food (sugar from sunlight)
20. Autotroph – organism that makes its
own food (sugar from sunlight)
21. Heterotroph – organism that cannot
make its own food.
22. Habitat – where an organism lives
23. Food web – depicts feeding connections
(what-eats-what) in a community; 2 or
more food chains connected
24. Food chain – shows how each living thing
gets food, and how nutrients and energy are
passed from creature to creature
25. Energy pyramid - graphical representation
designed to show the biomass or biomass
productivity at each trophic level in a given
ecosystem.
26. Carnivore – a consumer that only eats
meat
27. Omnivore – consumer that eats both
plants and animals
28. Herbivore - consumer that easts only
plants or producers
29. Decomposer – consumer that breaks
down organic material into smaller
pieces
30. Scavenger – consumer that eats dead
animals
31. Photosynthesis – process used by plants
and other organisms to convert light
energy into chemical energy
32. Predator – organism that is hunting
33. Prey – the organisms that is attacked
34. Epiphyte – plants that grow on other
plants to get sunlight
35. Xylem – living tissue that carries water
and some nutrients to all part of the
plant
36. Phloem – living tissue that carriers
organic nutrients to all parts of the
plants. Carries food.
37. Pistil – female reproductive plant part
38. Stamen – male reproductive plant part
49. List from simplest to most complex….
39. Seed – an embryonic plant enclosed in
a protective outer covering
40. Root -underground base of plant: the part of
a plant that has no leaves or buds and
usually spreads underground, anchoring the
plant and absorbing water and nutrients
from the soil
41. Stem - the main stalk of a plant that bears
buds and shoots
42. Leaf - a flat green part that grows in various
shapes from the stems or branches of a
plant or tree and whose main function is
photosynthesis
43. Flower - the reproductive structure found in
flowering plants
44. Turgor Pressure – pressure exerted by
water inside the cell against the cell
wall.
45. Phototropism: the way a plant grows in
response to light
46. Hydrotropism: the way a plant grows in
response to water
47. Gravitropism: the way a plant grows in
response to gravity
48. Thigmotropism: The way a plant grows
in response to touch
Population, organism, ecosystem, community
Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems
50. What is the source of energy for life on earth? The Sun
51. What two plant organelles help plants keep their structure?
a. Cell wall
b. 1 Large Vacuole
52. What is the formula for photosynthesis?
53. Where does photosynthesis occur (which organelle)? Chloroplast
54. What pigment is responsible for absorbing sunlight? Chlorophyll
55. What type of energy conversion takes place during photosynthesis?
56. Chloroplasts are located in which type of cell? Plant cells
Radiant to Chemical
You want to see if a corn seed is affected by gravity. You create an experiment to prove that gravity
does affect the direction a corn seed grows.
57. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
Gravity or possible the way you orient your seed.
58. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
Direction of growth or the way the plant grows
59. Which of the following procedures would be the best for determining if gravity affects corn
seeds? 60. Why did you pick that answer? b. This is a more complete experiment. We can
rule out light as being a factor (variable) in the plants growth.
a. Grow a corn seed in a petri dish and rotate it every 2 days to see which direction the
seed grows.
b. Grow 1 corn seed in a petri dish that is exposed to light and rotate it every 2 days.
Grow another corn seed in a petri dish in a closet or a place devoid of light and rotate
it every 2 days.
Use the following Food web to answer the questions that follow.
Level 4
A Snake
B
Eagle
Level 3
D
Frog
C
Crow
E
Grasshopper
Level 2
F
Grass
G
Cattails
Level 1
61. What do the arrows represent in the food web above? The flow of energy.
62. How many food chains are in the above food web? 6
63. List the producers found in the food web. Cattails and Grass
64. List the consumers found in the food web. Grasshoppers, Crows, Frogs, Eagles, Snakes
65. List the autotrophs found the in the food web. Cattails and Grass
66. List the heterotrophs found in the food web. Grasshoppers, Crows, Frogs, Eagles, Snakes
67. List all primary consumers in the food web. Grasshoppers
68. List all secondary consumers. Frogs and Crows
69. List all tertiary consumers. Snakes and Eagles
70. What would happen if a disease killed off all of the cattails? Grasshoppers will lose a food source but
still eat grass. Grasshoppers might eat grass too quickly and have nothing else to eat. As a result,
grasshoppers will die. Frogs and Crows will then lose their food source.
71. What would happen if eagles and snakes were killed by disease? Frogs and crows might overpopulate.
This will then result in the loss of grasshoppers. This will then cause an overgrowth of cattails and
grass.
72. The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food chain.
At which trophic level(s) can you find herbivores in any food web? Level 2
At which trophic level(s) can you find omnivores in any food web? Levels 2, 3, 4, etc..
At which trophic level(s) can you find carnivores in any food web? Level 3, 4, etc…
73. Complete the energy pyramid using….Eagles, Frogs, Grasshoppers and Cattails.
Level 4
Eagle
Level 3
Frog
Level 2
Level 1
Grasshopper
Cattail
Omnivores or Carnivores
Omnivores or Carnivores
Herbivores or Omnivores
Producers (Autotrophs)
74. You notice in your ecosystem that there are 40,000 Joules of energy available from plants,
80,000 Joules of energy from grasshoppers, 20,000 Joules of energy from frogs and 10,000
joules available from eagles. Complete the energy pyramid and discuss the current health of
the ecosystem and what could possible happen in the future.
Eagles
Frogs
Grasshoppers
Plants
The ecosystem is out of balance. There are too many grasshoppers. Soon, they are going to
eat all of the plants. They will then lose a food source. This will then affect all other species in
the food chain. Frogs will have nothing to eat…Eagles will have nothing to eat…