Study Guide: First Nine Weeks Test
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Wavelengths that are a little bit shorter than visible light are ultraviolet.
Most of the energy that heats Earth’s atmosphere is infrared radiation’
The greenhouse effect is the process by which gases hold heat in the atmosphere.
Most of the Earth’s incoming ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by ozone.
The total energy of motion in the particles of a substance is called thermal energy.
The freezing point of pure water on the Celsius scale is 0° C.
Heat transfer between two substances that are in contact is called conduction.
Heat from the sun reaches you by radiation.
Most of the heating of the troposphere comes from convection.
Winds are caused by differences in air pressure.
Convection takes place because cold air is more dense (heavier than) warm air.
Cool air tends to be more dense and flow under warm air.
Wind speed is measured by an anemometer.
Local winds differ from global winds because they are caused by unequal heating within a small area.
Land breezes occur because land cools off faster than water.
Global winds generally blow from specific directions over long distances.
Earth’s rotation make global winds curve. This is called the Coriolis Effect.
The doldrums are characterized by weak winds.
The horse latitudes are located at about 30° north and south latitudes.
The wavelengths of violet light are longer than the wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation.
When heated, Earth’s surface radiates some of the energy back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation.
On the Celsius scale, the boiling point of pure water is 100°C.
When you touch a hot spoon, heat is transferred by conduction from the spoon to your hand.
Local winds blow over shorter distances than global winds.
Earth’s major wind belts are the trade winds, the prevailing westerlies, and the polar easterlies.
Energy travels through space to Earth in the form of electromagnetic waves.
Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is mostly in the form of visible light, infrared radiation, and
ultraviolet radiation.
Solar energy called infrared radiation is felt as heat and has wavelengths longer than that of red light.
In the atmosphere, some of the sun’s rays get scattered, or reflected in all directions.
Gases in the air hold much of the energy that is radiated from Earth’s surface in a process called the
greenhouse effect.
An instrument called a thermometer is used to measure how hot or cold the air is.
Most of the heating of the troposphere occurs by convection, which is the transfer of heat by fluid
movement.
The increased cooling that a wind can cause is called wind chill factor.
Uneven heating of the atmosphere leads to differences in air pressure.
A sea breeze is a type of local wind.
Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances are called global winds.
Winds in the mid-latitude that blow from west to east are called prevailing westerlies.