•
FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA
Translation Series No.1138 .
IH
Analysis of the sexual Cycle inielinifemalej
By'I.P. Migalovskii
. ,
Original title: Analiz polovogo tsikla samok moivy.
From: Trudy Polyarnnogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo i
Proektnogo Instituta Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva
i Okeanografii im. N.M. Knipovicha (PINRO),
Vol. 20, pp. 188-194, 1967.
Translated by the Translation Bureau( GNK/WDP)
Foreign Languages Division
Department of the Secretary. of State of Canada
Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Biological Station
St. John's, Nfld.
1968:
11 pages typescript
DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE
SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT
TRANSLATION BUREAU
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FOREIGN LANGUAGES
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ÉTRANGÈRES
INTO - EN
• TRANSLATED FROM - TRADUCTION DE
English
Russian
AUTHOR - AUTEUR
1\1i galovsky
TITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ANGLAIS
Analysis of the . Sexual Cycle in Capelin Females.
Analiz polovogo tsikla samok . motvy. •
RE
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REFÉRENCE EN LANGUE ETRANGÉRE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION), AU COMPLET. TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTERES PHONETIQUES.
Trudy Polyarnoo nauchno-isslédovatelskogo I proektnogo instituta morskogo rybnogo khozyaystva i okeanografii im. N.M.
Knipovicha. (PINRO).
REFERENCE IN ENGLISH - RÉFÉRENCE EN , ANGL AIS
Transactions of the N.M. Knipovich's Arctic Research and Planning institute of Sea-Fish Economy and Oceanography (PINRO).
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SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT
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"Analysis of the Sexual Cycle in Capelin Femalesn
By T. P. Migalovsky
i-From:
Transactions of the N. M. Knipovich Polar Scienti-
fic Research and Planning Institute of Sea Fisheries and
Oceanography 4PINR0). No , XX, 1967._7
In this article are presented the results of
research into the functional condition of the gonads in
the Capelin of the Barents Sea during spawning migration
and spawning, and an effort is made to compile a scale
for the determination of the maturation stage of the
gonads in the Capelin females.
The material was'collected in 1963-64.
The major
part of the material was kindly presented by V. S. Prokho- .
A considerable number of samples was fixed totally rov.
by formalini and then the gonads were removed and placed
into a 4% solution of formalin.
A portion of the samples
was fixed in Bouin's solution. The fish were weighed and
their length measured (according to Smith).
Pieces of
the gonads were dehydrated by means of alcohols of increasing
I S 0 S-200-10-3/
UNEDITED DRAFT TRANSLATION
Only for information
TRADUCTION. NON REV1SEE
information _,sei4ment
_
strength and poured into paraffin through-.chloroformparaffin.
Gonads with eus, rich in yolk, were either
passed through dioxane, or kept in celloidin oil for two
to three days.
Sections 7-8 millimetres thick were dyed
by azan or ferric hematoxylin according to Heidenhain;
reactions were carried out for fat (osmium test) and for
polysaccharides.
Information on collected and processed material is
given in the table (the dashes indicate absence of material).
A study of histological sections indicated that the
ovaries of spawned females contain a complex of cells ranging from ovogonia to ovocytes of the synaptic tract and of
the period of Flight growth.furthermore it also indicated
a considerable number of empty follicular sacs and individual resorbing eggs which were not spawned.
The ovocytes of
Lîhe period of2 slight growth have a large nucleus and a
relatively small layer of protoplasm.
The protoplasm is
coloured unevenly (by means of ferric hematoxylin). Around
the nucleus,sections of denser and more intensely coloured
protoplasm are arranged. There are few nucleoli. They are
arranged along the periphery of the nucleus.
With the growth
of the ovocyte the sections of the intensively coloured protoplasm shift towards the periphery and gradually acquire
a more and more porous appearance, and, finally, disappear.
The number of the nucleoli in the nucleus increases with
the Erowth of the ovocyte. The membrane of the ovocyte is
thin, structureless, and is coloured blue by means of. azan.
The follicular cells lie upon it. In later ovocytes of the
period of small growth a light perinuclear zone is formed
around the nucleus; this zone is very sharply delineated
from the remaininP; protoplasm. In the Capelin females which
•
have survived the spawning and migrated to the fattening
area two processes take place in the gonads; the destruction /189
of the traces of the concluded spawning and the growth of
the ovocytes, which will be spawned in the subsequent year.
The females with this condition of the gonads occur from
April to July inclusively (fig. 1 and 2).
Place and time of material collections for characterization
of the maturation stages of the capelin gonads.
Sea areas:
Motovka Gulf
West-Coastal
Kildin Bank
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May.. um. Jul. Nov.
■
■
-
-
IV- IV;
VI-II
.
-
.
Rybachya Bank
_ Finmarken Bank .
III-IV Murmansk shallows
Murmansk Bank
- Southwestern slope .
- III-IV Northeastern slope .
- Murmansk Spit
III Central Trough
III
- Central Elevation
Eastern slope of the
. Medvezhya (Bear) Bank - III
Novaya Zemlya Bank
▪
-
VI-II .
,
V
-
VI-II -
VI II
VI-II -
.
•
«Me
-
- III
- III
21E,
VI-II -
For the maturation stage III of the capelin'gonads
the ovocytes of the synaptic path : and the ovocytes of— the
period of small growth are characteristic ]; furthermore,
ovocytes of older generation are present which have entered
the phase of the trophoplasmatic growth.
A deposition of
fat and yolk takes place in the ovocytes of the older generation.
The fat is initially deposited in the perinuclear
zone, the yolk
in
the nerinherir11
nart
of the ovocyte.
Fi. 1: "Nest" of ovocytes of the synaptic path in the ,
ovary of a spawned female (ocular 7+ objective 90;
bil immersion). .
Gradually. these two processes envelop the entire protoplasm of the ovoCyte, and the latter is filled with yolk
and fat inclusions. The nucleus has a round or elongated
shape and °couples a central position. The nucleoli are of
oval or rounded.shape and are arranged along *the periphery
of the nucleus.
Simultaneously with the deposition of trophic
material the membrane of the ovocyte is . developed. This
1.
Such a complex of cells remains during the course of all
the subsequent Maturation stages of the ovary.
Membrane'is, a double-qayered zona radiatà towards the end
of trophoplasmatic growth; it is rather thick and is in
tensely dyed bY azan. It also consists of follicular Membrane consisting of a layer of elongated cells.
The
follicle is covered from the outside by a membrane of connective tissue. Furthermore, remnants of resorbing follicular sacs remain at that time in the ovaries, a phenomenon
in full agreement with the statement of V. S. Prokhorov concerning the possibilities that female Capelins may survive
spawning and later spawn again. 2
Fig. 2: Ovary of a snawned female. Ovocytes of the period
of small growth are visible (ocular 7+ objective 8).
The marked growth of ovocytes terminatewhen the
ovocytes of the older generation attain definitive size
(February or March).
is 0 0 7-0.8 microns.
The definitive size of the ovocytes
Females with maturation state III
gonads may occur from November to March (fig. 3-6).
2
Prokhorov 1 V.S. The ecology of Capelin (Màllotus villosus •
villosus Milner) of the Barents Sea and the prospects Of
its commercial utilization. Transactions of PINRO.
Murmansk, 1965.
Fig. 3: Ovocytes in the phase of intensive trophoplasmatic
growth. Dyed by azan (ocular 71- objective 8)..
7
/191
Fig. 4: Arrangement of fat inclusidns.in the ovocytes of
intense trophoplasmatic growth. Osmium tests
(oeular 71- objective 8).
Fig. 5: Ovocyte filled with yolk. Ovocytes of the slow
growth period are visible (ocular 7+ objective 8).
Fig. 6: Ovocytes of the end of the trophoplasmatic growth.
The resorption of the ovocytes of the trophoplasmatic growth is visible (ocular 7+ objective 8).
At the maturation stage IV of the capelin gonads,
8
the ovocyte
of the older generation enter the maturing
phase. 'Study of histological sections indiented thnt the
the ovocytes'ofthe older' ;7eneration ?re
-
filled'eomnletely with Yolk in which
V q e.pO j e7
protlasf
of vnrious
/192
diametehs are dispersed.
gos.,
gin
•\
Fig.
7: Ovocytes of the
jective
.
Fig. 8: Arr?mgement
n*
e
. fl
r' ' `.' '
the maturating
phjective 8).
Fig.
:Matu're ovocvtes thnt.,vc.
'
P
7:
of
9
(ocular 7+ objective).
Afterdyeing with azan they remain optically empty,
but -after osmium - tests their content is coloured intensively
black l indicating the fat nature. The membrane is represented .
.hy
a double-layered zona radiata - and by a follicular zone.
On the outside the follicle is covered with a membrane of
connective tissue.
•
For the first time one may see the
formation of micropyle in this maturation stage.
This.
micronyle is a sar in the zona radiata, into which enter s .
the charaCteristic wedre Of the follicular cells.
At this
time, only the •position of the trophic material and of. the :
nucleus change . in the ovocyte.
The nucleus, together with
the protoplasm's layer surrounding it, moves to. one side
of the ovocyte, and lOses its regular shape, its membrane
at that time is poorly pronounced, , the number of nucleoli
decreases.
The nucleoli gradually move into the centré of
the nucleus and disappear. Towards the end of this stage
the ovocyte has two distinctly pronounced poles:
the animal
pole, where under the very membrane the nucleus with the
.
surrounding protoplasm is located, and the vegetative pole,
where the trophic materials are concentrated.
The matu-
ration stage IV continues approximately one month (from
March to April) (fig. 7-8).
For the maturation stage V of the capelin gonads
the exit of ovocytes of the older generation froM the
10
follictès is characteristic.
FiF. 10:
The ovocyte that came out
Arrangement of fat inclusidns i.n mature ovocytes.
Osmium tests (ocular 7+ objective 8).
of a follicle is characterized by the fact that its entire
yolk-fat mass of trophic • substances is surrounded by a layer
of protoplasm, which is arranged around the periphery of
the ovocyte immediately under the membrane. The thickest
layer of the protoplasm is arranged on the animal pole.
The
yolk grainF are densely united together, but their boundaries are visible. Alonr- the entire yolk mass vacuoles
are dispersed; their content, after an osmium test, indicates a fat nature. One does not succeed in detecting
a
the nucleus as. /mornhologically segregated structure. The
membrane is only represented by the zona radiata. Females
with gonads of maturation stage V occur from April to June
inclusively. (fig• 9-10).
During the study of ovogenesis we had the opportunity to observe resorption of certain portions of the
ovocytes of the older generation, including maturation
stage IV. Because of this, one can for the time being
11
express - an assumption that in the deVelopment of the capelin
ovocytes one ObServes a certain asynchronism which is levelled
ty meanS of rescirption of the ovocytes . still under- develop-
ment.
The strUcture of the zona radiata of the capelin
ovocyte is interesting and still inexplicable.
consists of two layers:
This zone
zone radiate externa and zona
radiate interne. The zone radiata interna remains constant
.
-
along the entire - circumference of the ovocyte, while the
zone radiata externa is gradually narrowing, predominantly
on one side of the ovocyte.
The micropyle and the animal
pole are establi shed on the Side where the zona radiata
externe , is thinner. Probably the zone radiate of the
above-describedstructure serves for attachMent of eggs to
the substrate.
CONCLUSIONS.
1. The capelin is a fish that spawnsonce only.
2. From the histological studies of the postspawning ovary of the capelin, it follows that some ot the
females after the spawning survive and probably participate
in spawning for the second time.
3. Discovery of females with gonads of maturation
stages III and VI-II in the region of the eastern slope of
the Bear Bank permits us to assume that the capelin spawning
grounds are present in this area.
•
e
S
M A R :11
•.
1 Ac.cording to the character of 5,pawning,' Ole capelin i a once spawning fiSda.
hystnlogleal study of the pot spaWhing ovary ()I the eapelin, one
2 As a rinwit
:an ste that a part of . the females after spawning survives and spawns for A second tin.
• . 1de witti gnnads• of taves of Mann- it y LU and V1 --Il were found on the Eepit
slope of the I3ear Is!and hank. and this allows us to make a suppositiOn of the preaence irf
soawning grounds In this area.
.