Mao vs. Chiang
World War Two, Civil War
Nationalists vs. Communists
TASK 1: Why did the Communists (CCP) become
more popular then the Nationalists (KMT)?
Consider the following aspects.
Inefficiency and corruption.
Factory conditions.
Peasant poverty.
War with Japan.
CLICK ON THE ASPECTS TO GET MORE INFORMATION.
Inefficiency and Corruption
• KMT unable to bring under control all the
warlords, areas, to unify China.
• Communist power base in Shensi province.
• KMT failed to get mass support
• KMT seeked support of the industrialists,
bankers, landowners.
• Widespread corruption.
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Factory Conditions
• Kuomintang attempted to remove the worst
abuses by legislation (child labour)
• Many laws ere not applied.
• Widespread bribery of the inspectors.
• The government did not risk losing support of
the industrialists by enforcing the laws.
• Ideal for communist propaganda.
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Peasant Poverty
TASK: Read the following quotation by Mao from
1927. How did he view the potential of peasants?
“The present upsurge of the peasant movement is a
colossal event. In a very short time, in China’s central,
southern, and northern provinces, several hundred
million peasants will rise like a mighty storm, like a
hurricane, a force so swift and violent that no power,
however great, will be able to hold it back. They will
smash all the shackles that bind them and rush
forward along the road to liberation. They will sweep
all the imperialists, warlords, corrupt officials, local
tyrants, and evil gentry into their graves.”
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Peasant Poverty
TASK: Source based questions.
Study the sources given and explain the growing
popularity of Communists with the peasants.
What were the most successful policies they
applied?
to the sources
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The Second Sino-Japanese War
TASK: Watch the animation. How successful
were the Japanese in conquering China?
to the
animation
TASK: How relevant is the following quotation of
Chiang Kai Shek to the war events?
‘Japanese militarism is the infection of the skin,
communism is the disease of the heart.’
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The Second Sino-Japanese War
Instead of fighting the Japanese, who occupied
Manchuria in 1931, Chiang focused on
destroying the Communists.
• 1936 Chiang imprisoned by his own troops
and forced to make an alliance with the
Communists against the Japanese aggression.
• 1937 full scale war started.
• Communists used successful guerilla warfare,
gained enormous credit.
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The Second Sino-Japanese War
TASK: Consult the map. Which areas were under
the control of Communists at the end of the
war?
to the map
The Human Cost of the War:
• China 20 mil dead, 15 mil wounded
• Economy in ruins
• Japan used chemical and biological weapons.
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Civil War
TASK: Watch the video. Why were the Communists
victorious?
to the video
• October 1949 People’s Republic of China
declared by Mao in Beijing.
• Chiang Kai Shek fled to Taiwan, Taiwan was
declared Republic of China.
The End
China 1945
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