Name: ____________________________________
Assignment # 14
Niagara College of Applied Arts and Technology
Division of Academic and General Studies
Literacy and Basic Skills Program
BIOL 1061
“Chromosomal Inheritance”
Assignment
Unit Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
Define the terms karyotype, homologous, chromosome, sex chromosome, autosome,
chromatid, centromere, gamete, zygote, diploid, haploid, and non-disjunction

Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis, and meiosis I and meiosis II

Identify the characteristic event of each stage of mitosis and meiosis

Describe the mechanism of abnormal chromosomal inheritance with examples (ex. Down
Syndrome)

Define the term genotype, dominate allele, recessive allele, homozygous dominant, and
homozygous recessive

Use a Punnett square to predict offspring ratios
Student Instructions:
1)
Read Chapter 17 and Sections 18.1 and 18.2, Human Biology, 8th Ed. to gain a general
understanding of the material to be discussed within this unit.
2)
Answer the questions contained in this assignment as a means of preparing study notes for
this unit.
3)
It is recommended that you read “Summarizing the Concepts” and do “Testing Your
Knowledge of the Concepts” for a unit review (pages 354 – 356 and pages 372 – 374).
4)
See the teacher for the “Chromosomal Inheritance” unit test. Good Luck!!!
Human Life Cycle (17.1)
1)
There are two methods by which plant and animal cell divide for the purpose of growth,
repair of damaged tissue, and for reproduction. Refer to Figure 17.1 to gain a general
understanding of where mitosis and meiosis occurs within the life cycle of a human.
Complete the attached diagram illustrating the “Life Cycle in Humans”.
2)
Differentiate between a gamete and a zygote.
3)
Differentiate between the terms haploid (n) and diploid (2n).
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Name: ____________________________________
Assignment # 14
Mitosis (17.2)
4)
Describe the purpose and the significance of mitosis.
5)
The cell cycle consists of the following stages. Refer to the illustration on page 339 and
complete the attached diagram of the “Cell Cycle” for your note for future reference.
The Four Stages of Mitosis
6)
Mitosis consists of four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In point
form, describe the events that take place within the cell during each of these stages as the cell
prepares to divide.
7)
Once the nucleus and the genetic information of the cell have been divided, the remaining
cytoplasm and organelles undergo division. What is the name given to this process?
8)
How many daughter cells are produced by one parent cell in one cycle of mitosis?
9)
Refer to Figure 17.3 and label the attached diagram illustrating the stages of “Interphase and
Mitosis”. You could be expected to label this on the unit test.
Meiosis (17.3)
10)
Meiosis requires two cellular divisions. How many gametes (daughter cells) are produced
from one complete cycle of meiosis?
11)
How does the number of chromosomes of a daughter cell produced through meiosis compare
to one produced through mitosis?
12)
Define the following terms that relate to meiosis:
a)
Homologous chromosomes
b)
Tetrad
c)
Dyad
13)
Describe the significance of crossing over.
14)
Where does meiosis take place in males? In females?
15)
Describe the significance of meiosis with respect to the reproduction of offspring.
Stages of Meiosis
16)
Meiosis consists of two stages: meiosis I and meiosis II. In point form describe the events
that take place during each of the following stages of meiosis I:
a)
Prophase I
c)
Anaphase I
b)
Metaphase I
d)
Telophase I
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Name: ____________________________________
17)
Assignment # 14
In point form describe the events that take place during each of the following stages of
meiosis II:
18)
a)
Prophase II
c)
Anaphase II
b)
Metaphase II
d)
Telophase II
Refer to Figure 17.7 and label the attached diagram illustrating the “Stages of Meiosis”.
You may be asked to label this diagram on the unit test.
19)
Differentiate between the terms spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
Chromosomal Inheritance (17.4)
20)
What does a karyotype represent?
21)
Differentiate between autosomes and sex chromosomes.
22)
How could you tell the difference between a male karyotype and a female karyotype?
23)
What is a syndrome?
24)
Amniocentesis and chronic villi sampling (CVS) are two methods in which the karyotype of a
fetus may be determined during pregnancy to test for the presence of possible syndromes.
List some advantages and disadvantages of each.
25)
Nondisjunction during meiosis I can lead to an abnormal chromosome makeup in an
individual. The result is an autosomal syndrome such as Down syndrome or Cri du Chat
syndrome. Describe what happens during nondisjunction.
26)
When nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II, a sex chromosome syndrome will develop
and the individual will have an abnormal sex chromosome number (too many or too few).
List some examples of sex chromosome syndromes.
Genotype and Phenotype (18.1)
27)
Differentiate between the genotype and the phenotype of an individual.
28)
Allele is a term that refers to the variety of genes for a particular trait. Differentiate between
a dominant allele and a recessive allele.
29)
Define the following terms which relate to the combinations of alleles that we inherit from
our parents:
a)
Homozygous dominant genotype
b)
Homozygous recessive genotype
c)
Heterozygous genotype
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Name: ____________________________________
Assignment # 14
Figuring the Odds with Punnett Squares (18.2)
30)
The genotypes and phenotypes of offspring can be predicted as percentages using Punnett
squares. Refer to Figures 18.5 and 18.6 and determine what percentage each couple has of
having offspring with:
31)
a)
Attached earlobes
b)
Unattached earlobes
To practice setting up a Punnett Square and predicting offspring genotypes and phenotypes,
try the following review problems:
a)
Studying the Concepts #3 and #4 on page 373
b)
Testing Your Knowledge of the Concepts #1, #2, #3, and #4 on page 373.
Unit Review
Read “Summarizing the Concepts” and do “Testing Your
Knowledge of the Concepts” for a unit review
(pages 354 – 356 and pages 372 – 374).
4
Name: ____________________________________
Fig. 17.1: The Life Cycle of Humans
Fig.:
The Cell Cycle
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Assignment # 14
Name: ____________________________________
Fig. 17.3: The Stages Interphase and Mitosis during Cell Divison
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Assignment # 14