Thursday, Auguri 26, 1)82
Pages
CHOTEAUACANTHA- CHOTEAU, MONTANA
D ependent Islands F ar From Mother Countries
By Joy Aechenbach
National Geographic
New Service
world shows that most island
political entities still belong to
somebody else. Scattered about
the globe, most are far from
WASHINGTON — The palmtheir mother country, closer to
treed South Pacific island of
foreign shores or simply out in
New Caledonia is more than
the middle of an ocean.
10,000 miles away from Paris,
With few exceptions, these
bits
and pieces of land are all
UNITED STATES
4000
0 KM
DIEGO
that’s left of the vast colonial
1
-L
GARCIA
O M ILES
4 0 0 0 empires that once covered con­
UNITED KINGDOM
tinents. “Along with African
AZIMUTHAL
EQUIDISTANT
I N D I A N OCEAN
PROJECTION CENTERED ON U. S. lands, islands are among the
FRANCE
last group of territories to win
ind ep end en ce,” a State D e ­
NCTHERLAN
partment official pointed out.
The trend toward indepen­
DEN
dent nations that started at the
«RÉUNION end of World W ar II has more
than doubled the number of
cou n tries in the w orld. It
quadrupled the number o f
island nations. Today there are
40, the newest the 8-month-old
Caribbean island country of
Antigua and Barbuda.
Despite this process of shed­
ding lands far from hom e,
particularly when their upkeep
becomes expensive, 11 nations
still have “ within their domain
political entities with som e
degree of dependence,” accord­
ing to the State Department.
Britain leads, followed by the
United States and France. The
once mighty colonizers Spain
and P ortugal have only a
handful of possessions, all close
to hom e except P ortu gu ese
Macao in the Far East.
Altogether there are more
than 50 political dependencies,
almost all islands. A number
are worth holding onto. Some
are strategic militarily. Others,
ignored in the past, have taken
on new significance because of
the international law of the sea,
which gives their owners rights
to resources out to a distance of
200 miles.
KERGUELEN
“In many cases, the remain­
ing island dependencies are
Six nations in the world still
that way because the people
claim Islands far from their
shores. Focusing on oceans, this who live there want it that way.
1 .
map on an azimuthal equidistant Some have even voted to stay
projection shows a sampling o f under the protective wing,” ex­
these overseas possessions—
plained political geogra ph er
scattered over th e Atlantic,
Martin I. Glassner of Southern
Pacific, and Indian oceans and
C on n ecticu t S tate C ollege.
clustered In the Caribbean Sea
Some are simply too small to
0 KM
500
(inset). The United Kingdom,
1 -h 1 ‘ r 1 ^
United States, and France
make it on their own.
500
O M ILES
control most o f the islands.
W hy did six o f the 11
countries wind up with island
possessions so far from home?
They often were the lesser dis­
coveries of some o f the great
SEE OUR STYLART LINE
YEAR - END
explorers, Eric the Red, Co­
OF WEDDING INVITATIONS
lum bus, Cook, C artier, and
AND ACCESSORIES
Magellan; stepping stones « CHOTEAU ACANTHA
long treasured trade routes;
the prizes o f victory in war; or
the settlements of missionaries,
pirates, and mutineers. Per­
at
haps least distinguished of all:
SEE DAVES REPAIR
Some were claimed for their
guano, sea bird manure.
An island status report on
the six shows:
UNITED KINGDOM - Re­
nowned as the empire on which
the sun never set, Britain’s
total overseas holdings today
are no bigger than the mother
country. Except for the crown
jewel, Hong Kong, and dis­
FROM LAWN MOWERS TO
puted Gibraltar, all are islands
spread over four oceans or
D ESEL TRUCKS
clustered in the Caribbean.
OPEN 8 A.M. T O S P .M .
The only remnant of the
Monday Through Friday
British Indian Ocean Territory,
the Chagos Archipelago may be
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CA LL 466-5332
BYNUM , MONT.
PHO NE m -ZM
drawn into a tug of war because
OR 469-2314
of protests over the military
but the French flag flies there.
Icy Bouvet Island sits alone
down near Antarctica, almost
as far south of the equator as
Oslo is north. It’s Norwegian.
Curacao, less than 40 miles
from th e coa st of South
America, is part of the Nether­
lands realm. And tiny Brunei on
the island of Borneo, nearly as
far from London as the Falklands, is still under British pro­
tection.
An inventory of the insular
Flags fly
far from home
i■'is’"' •yWs®1
FUN DAY
Teton Trail Village
LABOR DAY SEPT. 6
Flea Market - Furnish Own Tables
Farmers Market
Beef Promotion by Cowbeltes
FOR ALL YOUR
AUTOMOTIVE
REPAIR
NEEDS
STARTS A T 10 A.M.
DAVE’S REPAIR
Citizens State Bank
COMPLETE BANKING FACILITIES MEMBER FEDERAL
DEPOSIT INSURANCE
CORPORATION
EQUAL HOUSING
LENDER
YOUR HOME-OWNED BANK
MEMBER
FEDERAL RESERVE
SYSTEM
U. S. SAVINGS BOND
ISSUING AGENT
DEPOSITS INSURED
UP TO
$ 100,000
.stocL
»^ m e r ic a .
* 26 WEEK MONEY
-I f ) Q E E
MARKET CERTIFICATE 1 U "J O U
m m m um of
*10,000 o n 182-d a y
7.498
________
MMMUM OF *7500 o n 91-d a y
Effective Aug. 2 4 ★ FEDERAL REGULATIONS PR0HI8IT COMPOUNDMG OF M TEREST
Aug.
SUBSTANTIAL P EN A LTY FOR EAR LY WITHDRAWAL
t h in k in g a b o u t c h a n g in g v e h ic l e s ?
STOP IN AND SEE OUR LOAN OFFICERS FOR PARTICULARS
ON AUTOMOTIVE LOANS
AM ERICAN LEGION CONGRATULATES
PETE HOW ARD - NO. 51
tain exclusive military jurisdic­
tion in the region, where anti­
nuclear sentim ent surfaced
long ago. The U.S. government
is expected to make a multimillion-dollar settlement on the
Marshalls for earlier nuclear
testing that left some of the
islands, among them Bikini, un­
inhabitable. Belau’s new con­
stitution prohibits nuclear wea­
pons testing.
FRANCE — Once controlling
huge territories in North
America and p o re of Africa
than any other empire builder,
France is left with only a few
islands off the coasts of these
continents. There are other
French islands scattered about
the Pacific and Caribbean, but
the sole mainland dependency
is in South A m erica, tiny
French Guiana.
An ocean away from the
French coast, the rocky islands
of St. Pierre and Miquelon near
Newfoundland have become a
thorn in Canada's side.
France has tangled with their
giant neighbor over lucrative
fishing rights and the over­
lapping limits of the 200-mile
economic zone. First claimed
for France by Jacques Cartier
in 1536, the island outpost had
its ties to the Republic
tightened in 1976 by a change of
status that makes it as much a
part of France as Hawaii is of
the United States.
Off the East African coast,
M ayotte, im poverished and
largely Christian, voted twice
to stick with France rather
than join the other three,
Moslem Comoro islands, in
independence. But its status is
still not settled, and another
referendum is set for 1984. The
Mayottans first sought French
protection against their un­
friendly island neighbors in
1840. Today they are defended
against the Comoro claims by
the French Foreign Legion.
Out in the South Pacific,
France has an extensive nu­
clear research installation on its
paradise island of Tahiti and 40
percent of the world's nickel
reserve in New Caledonia.
DENMARK - When Viking
explorer Eric the Red came up­
on the world's largest island, he
called it Greenland to attract
settlers. A thousand years later
there are only 50,000 people
living on the island’s edges,
because 80 percent of Green­
land is under the ice cap. To
protect their vital fishing inter­
ests, Greenlanders voted to pull
out of the European Com­
munity. The actual withdrawal
is expected in 1983, the first in
its 25-year history. Greenland
will remain part of the Danish
realm.
NETHERLANDS — A short­
age of salt in 1634 first took the
Dutch to Curacao. A t war with
Spain, which cut off its salt
supply, the Netherlands sought
a new source in the Caribbean
and captured the Antilles is­
lands from Spain. Now six in
all, they are a major refiner of
South American oil.
NORWAY - French ex­
plorer Jean Baptiste Bouvet
thought he had found the
sought-after southernmost con­
tinent when he landed on a
snowy hump-backed volcanic
island in 1739. He actually had
1,100 more miles to go. Isolated
Bouvet Island was finally
claimed for its whaling grounds
by Norway in 1927. Norwegian
Bouvetoya is today a strateg­
ically important scientific re­
search post.
Dislinc tiw1Memorials
Henry
Dorothy
400-46th St. So.
Great Falls, Montana 59405
PHONE 453-9518
Call or Write For
Local Appointment
ANDERSON REPAIR
Phone 466*2931
31 Second St. N.W.
NOTICE - We Will Be Closed For Vacation
From Aug. 23 Through Sept. 7
Almost All Appliances, Hand Tools, Electric M otor
And Small Engine Repair.
Domestic Refrigeration and Appliance Installation
SERVICE AVAILABLE 24 HOURS
MILES ANDERSON, OWNER
HOME PHONE 466-5543
PROFESSIONAL NOTICE: New Office Location
L. D. McGLYNN, M .D .
Is Now Located At
3224 - 10th Ave So ., Suite 2
Great Falls, Mont.
(Former Location: 2517-7th Ave So.)
Telephone: Office 761-5422
If No Answer Cali 452-9521
Practice lim ited To The Eye
Auction Sale
SATURDAY, AUGUST 28 at 1:00
1st Road S. & 10th Lane (Old Crowe School)
10 miles East of Fairfield,
6 V2 Miles N. of Sun River Watch for Signs
Larry Williams- Owner
Auctioneer: Mark Lacher
Cottee, Donuts, Pop available
TRACTORS
lMALUiCfcalJnen-SMcilMwttieaitJeka DeereMeielB-very feet emiMm
OMerTrader Cab
GrataAager
PICKUP
ttSH tei*T 4«4Giit CwBtea
17Feet FlatheiTrater
SHOP EQUIPM ENT
l » m ValveOrtaiir
M m SeatGriper empiete whkatmea
Hlfk f renare Waafcer (UM*prniwi), aew
HabartElectric Wetter-Wae*
Parai GaaWeiter aei Carl
* RP. AirCaaapreeear, Mgalee taak
Urie ValveGelte KegiaeiwOeMB
Craftaaua Beech Grlater■HHJ*.
4” Vlae
MergaaDeet PaBer »et
IBiakJ Frist Gm
lPriatGm
1DeltaPtekapTari Bax
HiaeWaraer Mi Tee Haarlack
HifhUft Jack
SbepVae i GaDaaWet-N-Dry
CemeatMixer
MTeePerta-Pawer
AUTO PARTS
4-14” Fart Cknaae Whack
5-17” GMI HaieUrea aal Wheato
MaayUaei Cacherete»
MaayUiei Alienatari
MaayUiet Starten
Mtocrilaaeea» Parti Waam rraaiW r aHia
GARDEN EQUIPMENT
AriernRatattDer-7BJ>
ShapUdtyBateUDer,IBP., BatEaflae
GardesHute
Rak^ Sbavile, Bae
WheelBanew
HOUSEHOLD ITEM S
lWataatBetraamSet-IadBiealDraaaeo
1WeedBetraaaeSet •lariat»* l Dramen
ZTwtaBeiFrmaeea
1-ChM’aDeak
1-Mta. Fl UprightPhteaFrewrr
1-Uca.FLUpright GEFrasari
1Otter Rririfente
1Maytro WrteferWari« wUfcPaa*
1HeavyDatyMacerCeaaereiri (retro)
1taitfc Carme Panarie typewriter
1Mafic MMWheatGriaiar
1MackaaiWWir Pariate TV-G»el(
1CMMieStem, Bceact Etotr - Rett
UrtrolUernFanMare-Cmeh, Chele* l
SeartnaarSerabter-ReavyDaty
Trite TapCreaaaSeparate
Pari Meato! Gail
Large Berne
PariaaM Iaeh Chari SawIW rtegri W eih en
W eet
Effective Aug. 24 - Aug. 30
*13 WEEK MONEY
MARKET CERTIFICATE _
★
%
buildup on one of its islands, the
flat footprint-shaped D iego
Garcia.
W hen Britain gave the
nearby Mauritius islands inde­
pendence in 1965, it purchased
the archipelago from them for
$8 million and leased Diego
Garcia to the United States for
a military base. To make room
for it, Britain moved 1,300
Diego Garcians off their island
home.
In the recent election in
Mauritius, the victorious
Mouvement Militant Mauricien
campaigned on a platform
calling for the return of Diego
Garcia and neutrality in the
Indian Ocean. Britain, which
has agreed to more compensa­
tion for the relocated residents,
claims the entire archipelago
was duly bought and paid for.
Like stepping stones down
the South Atlantic, Ascension,
St. Helena, Tristan da Cunha,
the Falklands, South Georgia,
and South Sandwich provide
Britain an island pathway to
the Antarctic.
Its only Pacific possession
left, Pitcairn fell into British
hands in an infamous way. It
was settled in 1790 by Fletcher
Christian and his band of nine
fellow mutineers from the
Bounty. W ith a population
today of only 63, Pitcairn sur­
vives through trade with
passing ships and the sale of
their prized postage stamps.
Brunei, once an Islamic sul­
tanate dominating the whole
island of Borneo, has shrunk bit
by bit to a Delaware-size state
in the South China Sea. But oil,
struck there in 1929, gives
Brunei today the highest per
capita income in East Asia.
Under British protection since
1888, it is slated for inde­
pendence in 1984. It is the only
former colony of Malay people
that did not join the Federation
of Malaysia.
Besides Britain’ s popular
Caribbean resort islands, there
are the nearly unheard of Turks
and Caicos, where British
admiral Horatio Nelson lost his
first battle in 1783. Making
headlines today as a stopping
place for drug smugglers, they
prompted one British official to
call the situation there “ a
bloody great wart on the end of
our nose."
UNITED STA T E S — A
newcomer among island land­
lords, the United States today
ranks second only to Britain. Its
dependencies, all in the Carib­
bean and the Pacific, were
generally acquired for military
purposes. Puerto Rico, anchor­
ing the Caribbean, and Guam in
the Pacific both were won in
the Spanish-American War.
Other islands in the two
regions were picked up under
less glorious circum stances:
The Guano Islands Act of 1856.
Through it Congress empow­
ered the president to extend
United States sovereignty over
uninhabited, unclaimed islands
on which an American citizen
had discovered deposits of
guano. The discoverer was au­
thorized to mine and sell the
valuable excrement, which was
used as fertilizer.
In the aftermath of World
War H in the Pacific, the U.S.
government took charge of an
ocean area about as large as the
continental United States. It
includes more than 2,000 is­
lands, but with a total land area
only about half the size of
Rhode Island.
The last of the postwar
United Nations trusteeships,
this Trust Territory of the
Pacific Islands is being dis­
mantled. Its Northern Mariana
islands have elected to become
a commonwealth like Puerto
Rico. The other island groups
are in various stages of be­
com ing self-governing free
associated states of the United
States. There will be three: the
Marshalls, Micronesia, and Belau.
The United States will main­
30
ANTIQUES
FARGO
GRANULES
LOW , LOW PRICES
41” Ite m i SeW Oak T a te
SeW Oak Parier Onto wMhBate
LarfeO akD iaaiai aMkMkrar
Palate m i
I Drawer Oak I
S rili Oak Chareto Paw
OakVaadywtohl
I Drawer Oak I
largaWaatWaiter ii alM Snw
largaOak
O riM g h tl
OM Bette*
40 akDtotefChafes
tWete
UteroChete
a . a . - i -----------warn—m — m _ M
—»
TETON AG SPRAY
SERVICE
PENDROY, MONTANA
469*2215
496-2211
SPREADER AVAILABLE
S
M M M 8 Um t k m ri^ ro iy ■
Rayai Charter Oak Waat Cariatevi
Oak le t Chari
Oak r i n t r o n e r a i
Auctioneer: Mark Lacher
Clerk: Joe Johnston