Université de!
Ngaoundéré!
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Combating soil degradation and desertification in Cameroon
ReviTec
®
Albert Ngakou, University of Ngaoundéré
Okenye Mambo, GIZ Cameroon
Hartmut Koehler, University of Bremen
Raimund Kesel, KeKo-Bremen
Université de!
Ngaoundéré!
!
Okenye
Albert
Hartmut
Contact: Prof. Dr. Hartmut Koehler
University of Bremen
Centre for Environmental Research and
Sustainable Technology
[email protected]
+49 421 63303
2 February 2015 Raimund
ReviTec
®
for the revitalitza>on of ecosystem services and sustainable soils Contents The Problem The Concept Sites: Implementa>on and inaugura>on, development, results Extensions: Teaching, capacity building, sustainability 3 February 2015 The Problem Soil Degrada5on, Deser5fica5on Non-adapted land-use, aggravated by climate change
4 February 2015 Soil Degrada5on, Deser5fica5on Loss of Ecosystem Services • 
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5 Biogenic soil stabilization (erosion)
Soil fertility (food)
Water retention capacity of soil (water)
Filter function of soil (water)
Carbon sequestration (climate)
.....
February 2015 The Problem Lack of research-­‐based learning for professionaliza5on •  Long-­‐term student research projects in curricula •  Interdisciplinarity in teaching and research 6 February 2015 The Concept
ReviTec interdisciplinarity ®
Ecology
7 February 2015 The Concept
ReviTec transdisciplinarity ®
policy makers stakeholder scien>sts Ecology Interdisciplinary approaches transdisciplinary approaches 8 February 2015 The Concept
Soil science, Soil Ecology
Basic Unit
•  Bag of degradable fabric filled with bioactivated substrate, seed and
amendments for the improvement of water and nutrient conditions.
•  Initial protection against erosion.
•  Scale ~ 0,5 m.
Applied Botany
Ecology
Composite Unit (any shape)
•  Island of any shape composed of a number of bags with biotic and
abiotic diversity.
•  Scatter plot, water and particle collector, safe-sites for colonizers,
rather autonomous unit.
•  Scale ~ 1 - 5 m.
Mosaic or Contours
Monitoring, Modelling, GIS
•  Mosaic or other structures composed of islands and
connectors.
•  Development from mosaic to network.
•  Scale > 20 m.
9 February 2015 The Concept
ReviTec (ReviTal05, Bremen) ®
Design fulfills scien>fic needs and serves teaching and demonstra>on purposes 6
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ReviTec structures: islands, half moons, bunds, grid 10 25
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Sites and Results
Sites and results Bremen (ReviTal05, ReviTal10) Mallorca (Spain; MedOak) Ordos Desert, Inner Mongolia (DesertDrip) Cameroon (Ngaoundéré, Maroua: Salak, Boula-­‐Mokong, Gawel 11 February 2015 Sites and Results
ReviTec Bremen
Oct. 2010
July 2012
12 February 2015 Sites and Results
MedOak
Mallorca 2007, Spain
Stone oak afforestation
Sites and Results
14 DesertDrip 2009
Inner Mongolia, ChinaFebruary 2015 Sites and Results
The Cameroon sites Maroua (Salak, Boula, Gawel) Ngaoundéré 7  Northern Congolian forest-­‐
savanna mosaic 9 East Sudanian savanna 12  Sahelian Acacia savanna Sites and Results
ReviTec Salak 16 February 2015 Sites and Results
17 ®
ReviTec Maroua sites
February 2015 Sites and Results
Building the Sites Implementa5on and Inaugura5on 18 February 2015 ReviTec substrates and seeds, Gawel June 2014 Loamy sand Ground cow dung Charcoal Stylosanthes seeds Bracharia seeds 19 February 2015 EM Bokashi Mycorrhization: collection of inoculate, inoculation
Collected soil Mixing 20 Drying Packaging February 2015 Inocula>on Grinding Mycorrhiza>on Seedlings Sites and Results
ReviTec® Ngaoundéré: implementation, March-April 2012
21 February 2015 Sites and Results
ReviTec® Ngaoundéré: implementation, March-April 2012
22 February 2015 Sites and Results
Building ReviTec® structures: Boula Mokong, dry season, June 2012 23 February 2015 Sites and Results
Building ReviTec® structures: Gawel 12 June 2014 24 February 2015 Sites and Results
ReviTec® Ngaoundéré: inaugura>on conference April 2012 25 February 2015 Sites and Results
Kick off of ReviTec® 26 ReviTec group with the representatives of Gawel village for a demonstration
February 2015 Sites and Results
Tree plan>ng: ReviTec® Boula-­‐Mokong, June 2012, Acacia senegal 27 February 2015 Sites and Results
Planted tree species (17) Gawel April 2014
28 Scientific names
Toupori names
Foufoulde names
Guiziga names
Tamarindus indica
Baare
Djabbe
Molam
Ziziphus spina-christi
Ndere Plada
Cournahi
Korna
Ziziphus mauritiana
Ndere
Djaabe
Livet
Balanites aegyptiaca
Mbaga
Tanne
Tokwar
Azadirachta indica
Neem
Gagne
Gagne
Acacia nilotica
Mbirja
Gabde
Dourvounoc
Khaya senegalensis
Bague
Ndolehi
Meter
Acacia gerardii
Guirling
Bulbibalehi
Miguibguiba
Acacia polyacantha
Fingui mbale gar
Patarlahi
Ngolom
Prosopis africana
Wa ac
Kohi
Mozolor
Acacia seyal
Cheou
Mboulbi
Mossa
Acacia senegal
Wa ac mbyer
Pakouri
Wenjere
Acacia sieberiana
Sildiw
Djouta guiel
Djijew
Anogeissus leiocarpus
Seou
Kodjoli
Ndouai
Sclerocaria birea
Taagui
Edi
Ndouaz
Acacia (Faidherbia) albida
Chouri
Chaski
Maounjourouf
Parkia biglobosa
Liou
February 2015 Narehi
Loulouwang
Sites and Results
Development and Func5onality of the Sites 29 February 2015 Sites and Results
ReviTec® Salak, rainy season, July 2012: effec>ve water reten>on 30 Water reten>on, prolonga>on of infiltra>on >me, erosion control February 2015 August 2014
Sites and Results
June 2014
31 Evolution of ReviTec Structures
August 2014
June 2014
February 2015 Sites and Results
Plant growth: ReviTec® Ngaoundéré, rainy season, July 2012 32 Four February months’ growth 2015 Sites and Results
Plant growth: ReviTec® Salak, rainy season, end July 2012, vigorous growth 33 February 2015 Sites and Results
Plant growth: ReviTec® Salak, end of rainy season, Sept. 2012 34 Vigorous growth even on hardé February 2015 Sites and Results
Plant growth: ReviTec® Ngaoundéré, acer rainy season, Nov 2013 (1,5 years) 35 18 m
onths’ growth February 2015 Sites and Results
Plant growth: ReviTec® Ngaoundéré, acer rainy season, Nov 2014 (2,5 years) The start: April 2012
30 months’ growth 36 February 2015 Sites and Results
Plant growth: ReviTec® Gawel 1 site, August 2014 ReviTec islands are greening even on hardé, unvegetated for many years 37 February 2015 Sites and Results
Plant growth: ReviTec® Salak, dry season, Dec. 4., 2012 Extended period of greening 38 February 2015 Sites and Results
Monitoring and Main Results 39 February 2015 Sites and Results
Monitoring Boula-­‐Mokong, dry season (Dec. 5, 2012) 40 February 2015 Main results I •  The ReviTec structures provide an efficient erosion control and retain surface runoff for infiltra>on. •  Extension of greening period, high produc>vity. •  Accelera>on of ecological succession. •  Hard soil surfaces are socened. •  Increase of biodiversity and associated ecosystem services: Organisms are ahracted (subterranean [earthworms], of soil surface, of vegeta>on) 41 February 2015 Main results II •  The sites are effec>ve areas for teaching and capacity building (science and stakeholders). •  Effec>ve co-­‐opera>on between Universi>es and GIZ as well as other organiza>ons and enterprises. •  Need for efficient interna>onal and intercultural project management. •  Importance of gender issues. •  The ReviTec sites can be used for moderate short >me grazing or fodder cumng and vegetable produc>on. •  Afforesta>on is supported through the erosion control, water reten>on and fast succession. Scien,fic data not included in this presenta,on 42 February 2015 The Concept
ReviTec synergies ®
Broad based coopera>on between actors Managing interfaces Learning from each other, develop efficient communica>on Informing policy makers and public (visualiza>on) Knowledge management of various forms of knowledge Revitaliza>on and valua>on of local knowledge (IK) Considera>on of stakeholder/poli>cians’ needs, constraints; considera>on of gender issues •  Interna>onal project management •  Translate science into ac>on and process of change • 
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43 February 2015 Sites and Results
Extension, Sustainable ReviTec® 44 February 2015 Extensions
Sustainable ReviTec
policy makers stakeholder scien>sts Ecology Interdisciplinary approaches transdisciplinary approaches 45 ®
February 2015 Social system
Extensions
Economy
Sustainable ReviTec
Science
46 ®
Relations
February 2015 Sustainable ReviTec
®
Economic aspects: adop>on by local economies •  Tree produc>on: nursery of na>ve trees •  Fungus cultures and mycorrhiza>on •  Seed produc>on of na>ve and economic relevant plants •  Compost produc>on •  Biochar produc>on •  Biomass harves>ng for fodder; consider crops to grow on bags 47 February 2015 Sustainable ReviTec
®
Social aspects: ownership by local economies •  Par>cipa>on, development, acceptance, ownership •  Inclusion of women (gender issues) •  Awareness raising, capacity building, paraecologists •  Monitoring by para-­‐ecologists •  Mobile communica>on and monitoring 48 February 2015 Sustainable ReviTec
®
Science •  Botany, zoology, microbiology, soil science (physics, chemistry), geography •  Modeling of long-­‐term development, simula>on, individual oriented models, GIS •  Mobile communica>on tools for project management, monitoring by para-­‐ecologists •  Climate change: PIK models for influence of climate scenarios on vegeta>on 49 February 2015 Sustainable ReviTec
®
Rela>ons: programs, ministries, NGOs, agencies, educa>on •  Interna>onal: UNCBD: best prac>ce; UNCCD, DESERTNET •  African: NEPAD •  Cameroon: Na>onal Climate Strategy Development •  Ministries, NGOs, Agencies •  Schools, universi>es 50 February 2015 Sustainable ReviTec
®
Capacity building: University Educa>on (MEC) Extensions
Teaching modules:
Soil ecology; Sustainability; Restoration
51 February 2015 Teaching
52 Start of Master of Ecology Dec. 2012 February 2015 University Educa5on MEC Ngaoundéré 8/21 topics of Master’s theses cohort 2012 deal with ReviTec 9 PhD theses coming up 53 February 2015 Extensions
University Educa>on: Two Bremen Bachelors’ thesis, April 2014 54 February 2015 Extensions
Capacity building: ReviTec, Salak, stakeholder mee>ng, Dec. 4., 2012 55 February 2015 Extensions
Teaching stakeholders (GIZ): ReviTec, biochar 56 February 2015 Extensions
Teaching stakeholders (GIZ): biochar, ReviTec 57 February 2015 Extensions
Teaching stakeholders (GIZ): biochar, ReviTec 58 February 2015 Extensions
Gasifier: Biochar produc5on while cooking Extensions
Gasifier: Biochar produc5on while cooking Highly acknowledged coopera5on and support University Partnership Bremen-­‐Ngaoundéré Projects: Teaching Environmental Sciences, Ecology, Computer Science, Logis>cs, Key Competences, Language DAAD-­‐SRP (3), DAAD-­‐DIES, BMBF ReviTec® demonstra>on sites Ngaoundéré, Maroua Uni. Ngaoundéré, GIZ Yaoundé / Maroua Memorandum of Coopera>on GIZ-­‐Maroua, IRAD Materials UTAMTSI – GIC-­‐Sondason The support by DAAD is financed from resources of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Coopera>on and Development (BMZ) 61 February 2015 THANK YOU Prepared by
62 February 2015