Chapter 10
Guided Notes
Section 1
I. Europeans Flood Into the United States (pages 336–339)
A. By ________, _____________ and ______________ _________________ made up more
than _________ of all ____________________. Of the _______ million ___________________
who arrived between ________ and __________, many were ________________ __________.
________________ offered immigrants ____________________, ________ immigration
_________________, _________________ of ________________ service, _______________
freedom, and the ____________ to move _______ the ______________ ______________.
B. Most ___________________ took the __________________ trip to America in
____________________, the _____________ ________________ accommodations on a _______________________. The ______-day trip usually _________ at __________
______________, a small _________ in _________ __________ ___________. It served as a
_________________ ______________ for most __________________ arriving on the
__________ ______________ after _____________.
C. Most _____________________ passed through ____________ ___________ in a day.
However, some ____________ the possibility of being ________________ from
_______________ and possibly __________ back to ____________ due to ________________
problems.
D. Most ________________ settled in __________. They lived in ________________ that were
__________________ into ______________ groups. Here they ________________ many of the
_________________ of their __________________, including ___________________ and
___________________.
E. __________________ who learned ________________, ________________ to American
___________________, had _________________ skills or _____________, or if they
_____________ among _________________ of their __________ _____________ group
tended to _______________ _________ to ___________ in the United States.
II. Asian Immigration to America (page 339)
A. Severe __________________, _______________, and _____________ in ____________; the
discovery of __________ in _________________; the _______________ ________________
in____________; and the ________________ for _______________ _______________ in the
______________ ______________ led to an ______________ in _______________
immigration to the United States in the mid-_________.
B. In _________________ cities, ________________ immigrants worked as ________________,
servants, skilled ________________, and ___________________. Some ________________
their own ________________________.
C. Between ___________ and ___________, _______________ immigration to the United
States ________________ ________________ as _______________ began to __________ an
___________________ ___________________ and an _____________________.
D. In _______ a _______________ was opened on _____________ _____________ in
________________. Here, ___________ _________________, mostly ____________
_________ and __________, waited sometimes for ____________ for the _____________ of
immigration _________________.
III. The Resurgence of Nativism (page 340)
A. The ______________ in ________________ led to__________________, a
_______________ for _____________-____________ people and the _______________ to
______________ immigration. Earlier, in the ___________ and ___________, ______________
was _________________ towards the _____________. In the early __________, it was the
___________, ___________, and eastern _______________ that were the ____________ of
_________________.
B. ________________ led to the ______________ of _________ ________-immigrant
____________. The ___________________ __________________ ___________________ was
founded in __________. The party’s _______________, _____________ _____________,
disliked ___________________. He wanted to ___________ Catholic ________________. In
the ____________, ______________ ______________, an _____________ immigrant,
organized the __________________ __________ of _____________________. This group
wanted to _______ _______________ immigration. ______________ ______________
resulted.
C. In _________ ___________ passed the _____________ _______________ _________ that
___________ _________________ ___________________for ______ years and
_______________ the Chinese ________________ in _________________ from becoming
________________. This ______ was __________ by Congress in __________, made
___________________ in _________, and not __________________ until _____________.
Section 2
I. Americans Migrate to the Cities (pages 341–342)
A. The ___________ ________________ of the United States ____________ from about ______ million
in ________ to over ______ million by _________.
B. Immigrants _________________ in the ____________, where they ____________ __________
____________ for ___________ __________. Still, ___________ immigrants ___________ their
___________________ of ________________ had _____________________ in the United States.
C. ____________________ began _________________ to ____________ because of ____________
________________ _______________, _____________________, running ________________,
___________________, and ________________________________.
II. The New Urban Environment (pages 342–343)
A. __________________ and _____________________ needs _______________ due to the
____________________ in the _________________ of people __________________ in
_____________________.
B. As the ___________ of ___________ _______________, building _______________ began to
___________ ________. _________________, _________ _________ frame buildings, were
_____________________ for this reason. Chicagoan ____________ ______________ contributed to the
_________________ of __________________.
C. In the late ____________, various ____________ of _____________ _____________ developed to
_____________ ____________ numbers of ____________ around ______________ ______________.
Beginning with the _________________, and ____________ to the more _______________
________________ __________ __________ and ________________ __________________, engineers
________________ways to ______________ the ever-________________ population around the
___________.
III. Separation by Class (page 343)
A. Definite ____________________ could be seen _____________ where the ________________,
______________ class, and ______________ class people _____________.
B. _______________ families ___________ in the _______________ of the ___________ where they
constructed ________________ homes.
C. The _____________ class, which included ______________, ______________, _________________,
and ____________________, tended to ____________ ____________ from the _______________.
D. The __________________ of _____________ dwellers were part of the ________________ class who
_____________ in city ___________________, or ____________ and ______________ __________family ____________________.
IV. Urban Problems (page 344)
A. The ____________ of __________ resulted in an ___________ in __________, __________,
______________, and __________________. From ______ to _______, there was a ________
__________ in the _______________ ___________.
B. ___________-born Americans ____________ immigrants for the _______________ in
_____________.
C. ______________ contributed to __________ in the late 1800s.
D. __________________ drinking ____________ from improper ______________ disposal resulted in
__________________ of _______________ fever and __________________.
V. Urban Politics (pages 344–345)
A. A new ________________system was _____________ to _________ with the new ____________
problems. The ________________ _________________, an informal _______________ group designed
to __________ and keep _____________, provided __________________ to ___________ dwellers in
__________________ for ___________. Party ____________ ran the ______________ _____________.
______________ _______________, an __________ immigrant, was __________ of ________
__________ City’s most ______________ party _______________.
B. The ____________ bosses had ___________ _______________ of the city’s ________________.
Many of the ________________ became ________________ due to __________ or _____________—
getting ______________ through _________________ or ____________________ means.
C. The most ______________ New York _________________ political ______________ was
_________________ ___________. During the ________ and __________, ________________ Hall’s
______________ was _______________ M. _____________. Tweed’s ___________________ sent him
to __________________ in __________.
D. ______________ and ______________ ___________________ were _____________ bosses in
________________ City, _________________. They led ___________ and ___________ _____________
from the __________ to the ______________.
E. _________________ of _______________ machines, such as ________________ ____________,
blasted ______________ for their _________________. ________________, though, _______________
machines ________________ necessary __________________ and helped to __________________ the
masses of ___________ _____________ dwellers.
Section 3
I. A Changing Culture (pages 348–349)
A. In 1873 _________ ___________ and _______________ ____________ co-wrote the novel, The
_____________ Age. Historians _______ this term to _________ to the ________ between ________
and _________. The term “_____________” refers to_________________ being _______________ on
the _________________ while the _____________ is made of _______________ material. The authors
tried to __________ out that although this was a ___________ of ____________, beneath the
__________________ were ____________________, __________________, and a ____________
difference between __________ and ___________.
B. ___________________ and _______________ caused Americans to ____________ at
_____________ in a _________________ way. This gave way to ___________ _____________,
_______________, and forms of __________________________.
C. A strong ______________ during the _____________ ________ was the idea of
_____________________. This is the ____________ that ________________ of your
_____________________, you could still _____________ in _______________. _________________
Alger, a ________________ from Massachusetts, ____________ the clergy and _______________ to
New York where he _________over __________ novels about ___________-to-_____________ stories
II. Social Darwinism (pages 349–350)
A. _____________ ______________, an English ______________, first _______________ the _______
of __________ ________________.Spencer took ___________ __________ theory of _______________
and ___________ _______________ and _____________it to _____________ ___________. Like
Darwin’s theory—that a ______________ that ______________ ____________ to the
________________ will eventually _____ out—Spencer ________ that human society _________
through ______________. He concluded that ____________ _________________ and became
____________ because _________ the ____________ people ______________. _______________
leaders ___________ with _____________ ___________________.
B. ____________ ________________ paralleled ___________-___________, an ________________
doctrine that was ______________ to government __________________ with business.
C. Many __________ Christians and some leading _______________ _______________ the idea of
_________________ conclusions about the __________ of new ____________. They _______________
the theory of ______________ because it went _________________ the _________________ account
of __________________.
D. ______________ ______________, a wealthy ______________ leader, _________________in
___________ _______________ and _____________-___________. However, he also _________ those
who _________________ from ______________ should _________ something ____________, so he
________________________ Social Darwinism with his _______________ of ______________.
This __________________ stated that _____________ Americans were ________________ and should
engage in ______________________, using great _______________ to further social ______________.
III. Realism (pages 350–351)
A. A______ movement in ______ and _________________, called _______________,
_________________ people in ______________ situations ___________ of ________________ them as
the _______________ artists had ______.
B. ____________ ____________, a ____________ from Philadelphia, ___________ and painted ______to-______ ____________ in a ____________ fashion. He used realistic ___________ and precise
________________.
C. ____________ and ____________ critic, _____________ Dean _____________, wrote
_______________ about ______________life. He also ________________ talent in several
___________ of this time, including __________ __________, who wrote _______________ of
___________________ __________ in 1884. ___________ is thought to have ______________ the
__________ true American _____________. Henry ____________, an ____________ writer, portrayed
the __________ of the ___________ class in his _________ novel, _____________ of a ____________.
D. Edith ____________ won a _____________ Prize for the novel The ______ of _______________,
which _______________ the complicated __________ of the ___________ class in New York in the
1870s.
IV. Popular Culture (pages 351–352)
A. Popular __________ changed in the late 1800s. People had _________ ___________ to ___________
on ________________ and _______________. __________ became ______________ from _________.
People looked to have _______ by “______________” to ______________ entertainment.
B. During the 1800s, the _____________ acted like a ________________ and ________________ center
for _______ workers. It offered ________ _____________, ____________ for horses, free
________________, and free ________________.
C. _________ Island in New _________ was an ________________ park that attracted ______________
class ____________ and _________ adults. It offered amusements such as ___________ ___________
and ____________ ______________.
D. Watching __________became very popular in the late _______. _____________ began to appear in
the United ____________ in the early ________. In 1869 the ______ __________ team, the
______________ Red ______________, was formed. _______________ and ______________ also
became ____________ during this time.
E. In the early 1880s, _____________ became _____________. It was __________ from the
___________ theater and ____________ animal acts, ___________, ____________, and
____________in its performance.
F. During this time, people began enjoying ______________ music. The most _____________ African
American ragtime _____________ was ________ ________, who became known as the _________ of
____________________.
Section 4
I. Social Criticism (pages 353–355)
A. Changes in ____________________ and _______________________ led to ____________ among
Americans over the __________ of how to handle ____________ ________________.
B. In 1879 journalist Henry ____________ wrote a best-selling book called _____________ and
________________. It ____________ questions about American _______________ and challenged the
ideas of ________________ Darwinism and ________________-faire economics.
C. In 1883 Lester _______ Ward’s _____________ ______________ argued that __________ were
unlike ___________ because they could _________ and _________ ahead. He ______________ that it
was __________________ and ______ _____________ that caused people to ___________. He wanted
_________________ to become ____________ involved in _____________ societal _______________.
These _________ became known as ______________ ________________.
D. In 1888 ___________ Bellamy’s _____________ Backward _______–1887 became a ______________
and helped shape the _____________ of American ______________ in the late 1800s. The _________
tells the _________ of a ___________ society in the year __________.
II. Naturalism in Literature (page 355)
A. ____________ argued that people could __________ their ___________ and make _____________
to ____________ their ________________. In a style of ____________ known as _________________,
writers _____________ industrial _____________. They suggested that ___________ people
___________ in ______ due to______________ they could _________ control.
B. Prominent _______________ writers included Stephan ____________, __________ Norris,
__________ _________________, and Theodore ______________. All wrote _____________ of
characters ____________ up in situations they could ______ _____________.
III. Helping the Urban Poor (pages 355–357)
A. Reformers began to _________________to help the ___________. Organizations such as the
_______________ ______________ movement, _______________ Army, ______________, women’s
clubs, ______________ houses, and _________________ movements formed to help the ___________.
B. Minister Washington _________________ was an early supporter of the ________ Gospel
movement. He wanted to apply “_______________ Law” to __________ problems. From ________ to
1920, members of the Social ___________ group worked to __________ conditions in __________
through __________ and ____________. Baptist minister _____________ Rauschenbusch later led the
movement. He believed that __________________ was the _______________ of many social problems.
This led to ___________ churches taking on ________________ functions to ______________ society
by offering ___________, __________ programs, and ________________.
C. In ________ the ________________ Army offered __________ and ___________________
counseling to _____________ ____________. The _________ attempted to help ______________
workers and _______________ poor through ____________ studies, prayer ______________,
__________________ training, and ___________ activites. They had _________________ that
offered ________________, gyms, _____________, and ________-cost __________ rooms.
D. Dwight L. ____________ was an evangelical Christian and president of the Chicago ________.
He founded his _______ church, today known as Moody _____________ Church. By 1867
Moody was so ____________ that he brought his _____________ meetings to other cities. He was
____________ Social __________ and Social Darwinism. He ________ the way to _________ the
_________ was by ______________ their __________ and ___________ by providing them with
_______________.
E. The _________________ house movement was _______________ by reformers who _______ it was
their Christian ______ to __________ the __________ conditions of the __________. _________
___________ set up _________________ houses in ____________ neighborhoods. _____________
opened _______ __________ in 1889 and inspired many others, including ___________ Wald’s
____________ Street settlement house in _________ York __________. ______________ care,
________________ programs, and _______________ classes were_______________ at settlement
houses.
IV. Public Education (pages 357–358)
A. In the _______ 1880s, the ___________ of ______________ resulted in a ___________ for better_______________ workers. As a result, there was a ____________ for more _____________ and
______________.
B. _____________________, or becoming knowledgeable about American _____________, was ______
to the __________ of immigrant _____________.
C. Due to the _________ of educational ________________________ for ____________ Americans,
____________ T. Washington _________ the crusade to form the _______________ _______________
in ______________ in 1881.
D. The ___________ school system in the ______________ divided students into eight ___________
grades to ________ teach successful ______________ in the __________________________.
E. The ______________ of colleges greatly _______________ in the late 1800s. This was ___________ a
result of the ____________ ___________ Grant Act, which ________ federal land ___________ to
states for the ____________ of establishing _____________________ and _____________________
colleges. College attendance ________________. The number of _______________ colleges also
____________________.
F. Free ________________ provided ________________ to _____________ dwellers. Andrew
__________________ donated _____________ toward the ___________________ of
___________________.
I Can Statements and Bellringers
Chapter 10; Urban America
I Can Statements…
Immigration
1. Analyze the circumstances surrounding
the great wave of immigration after the
Civil War.
2. Evaluate how nativisim affected
immigration polices.
The Gilded Age
5. Evaluate the doctrine of Social
Darwinism and the impact it had on
American industry.
6. Explain how industrialization promoted
leisure time and encouraged new forms
of entertainment.
Urbanization
3. Explain the technological developments
that made the growth of cities possible.
4. Evaluate the role that political machines
played in urban politics in the late
1800s.
The Rebirth of Reform
7. Explain the methods that social critics
advocated to improve society.
8. Evaluate efforts to help the urban poor.
Bellringer 1: __________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Bellringer 2:___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Bellringer 3:___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Bellringer 4:___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Bellringer 5:___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________