NAME
___ DATE
PLANT MORPHOLOGY
ROOTS
1.
Examine the examples of the two root systems on display. Describe how
taproot systems are different from fibrous root systems.
TAPROOT SYSTEM
2.
FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEM
Which type of root system (tap or fibrous) is adapted for:
a. Absorption of deep water?__________________________
b. Strong anchorage?________________________________
c. Fast absorption of surface water?_____________________
d. Holding soil / prevention of erosion?___________________
STEMS
3.
Match the parts below with the correct letter from the drawing.
Axillary bud
Internode
Node
Terminal bud
PART IV: LEAVES
4.
For the diagram below, label the blade, the broad, flat part of the leaf, and the
petiole, the stalk that attaches the leaf to the stem.
5.
Compare monocot and dicot leaves. How are monocot and dicot leaves different?
MONOCOT LEAVES
DICOT LEAVES
MONOCOTS & DICOTS
6.
Use the diagram above to complete the following chart.
CHARACTERISTIC
# of cotyledons
(1 or 2)
Root system
(Tap or fibrous)
Leaf veins
(netted or parallel)
Flower parts
(multiples of 3 or
multiples of 4/5)
Stem cross section
(vascular bundles
scattered or arranged in
ring)
MONOCOT
DICOT
Transport in Plants
Questions:
1)
Transport at the cellular level depends on what membrane property?
_____________________________
2)
Transport at the cellular level involves both active and passive transport.
Determine if each of the following is true of Active or Passive transport.
_____Requires cell energy
_____Diffusion
_____Transport proteins act as carrier molecules or provide a selective
channel through which the material can pass
_____Moves solutes down their concentration gradient
_____Moves solutes against their concentration gradient
_____Does not require cell energy
_____Proton pumps
_____Cotransport
3)
Explain how the membrane potential generated by proton pumps is used to
move K+ down its electrochemical gradient.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4)
Explain how cotransport works in plant cells.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5)
What is water potential?
______________________________________________________________
6)
Water potential takes into account two factors. List them.
______________________________________________________________
7)
Water moves from ________________ water potential to _______________
water potential.
8)
What is the water potential of pure water? ____________________________
9)
Explain what effect each of the following has on water potential:
a. Adding solutes to water: ________________________________
b. Increased pressure: ________________________________
10) Explain why a cell in a more concentrated solution (hyperosmotic) will lose
water.
______________________________________________________________
11) Explain what happens to a plant cell that is placed in pure water.
______________________________________________________________
12) What is the role of the tonoplast in plant cells?
______________________________________________________________
13) Most of the water and minerals are absorbed by the: ____________________
14) How does the endodermis affect the movement of water and minerals into the
stele?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
15) What is transpiration?
______________________________________________________________
16) Define root pressure: _____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
17) What causes water flow into the stele? _______________________________
______________________________________________________________
18) What is guttation? _______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
When does it occur? ______________________________________________
19) Root pressure is not the major mechanism for moving xylem sap from the
roots to the leaves. What is?
______________________________________________________________
20) Why does water exit the leaf?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
21) What causes water to be pulled from the xylem in a leaf vein into the
mesophylll cells and into the surface film lining the air spaces of the leaf?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
22) What is cohesion and what effect does it have on the movement of water in
xylem?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
23) What is adhesion and what effect does it have on the movement of water in
xylem?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
24) Explain how water and minerals are transported up the xylem.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
25) What is the photosynthesis--transpiration compromise?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
26) What are guard cells and where are they found?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
27) How do guard cells control the rate of transpiration?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
28) The stomata open when the guard cells become
______________________
29) The stomata close when the guard cells become _______________________
30) In general, the stomata are usually open ________________________ and
closed __________________ .
31) List three factors that cause stomata to open at dawn.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
32) Explain why guard cells swell and become turgid at dawn.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
33) Explain how environmental stress can cause guard cells to close during the
day.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
34) What adaptations allow xerophytes to reduce transpiration?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
35) What adaptations allow CAM plants to reduce transpiration?
______________________________________________________________
36) What is translocation?
______________________________________________________________
37) What is the function of sieve-tube members?
______________________________________________________________
38) What is the composition of phloem sap?
______________________________________________________________
39) Phloem sap flows from the _________________ to the _______________ .
40) Define the following terms related to phloem sap flow:
a. Source: ___________________________________________________
b. Sink: _____________________________________________________
41) Explain how a tuber (i.e. white potato) can act as both the sink and the
source.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
42) What is the role of the companion cells during phloem loading?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
43) Describe the mechanism involved in pressure flow (bulk flow) of phloem sap:
at the
source
end
at the
sink
end