NAME ___________________________________________________ CLASS __________ DATE ___________________________
EX 1 - You are going to read an extract from an article. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
We humans have a high opinion of ourselves - although a visitor from space might wonder why we spend so much time and energy fighting each other, destroying the
environment on which we depend for our survival and behaving like spoilt children. Yet we continue to think of ourselves as the lords of creation.
We think we are superior because we are different from the animals. For a start we walk upright, have big brains and one of the five digits on each hand is an opposable
thumb. As a matter of fact, though, these characteristics are not all unique to our species: several animals can walk upright even if they cannot do it so well; whales,
dolphins and the great apes have large brains; and although an opposable thumb is a useful thing to have, it doesn't seem much on which to base a sense of superiority.
Other human abilities and qualities seem more important than physical ones. We believe we are the sharpest knife in the drawer. We look down on the rest of creation
because we can use language, make and use tools, and we can grasp abstract concepts and solve problems. The trouble is that the more we learn about other animals, the
more we are forced to question how unique our intelligence is.
We now know that the great apes - orong-utans, gorillas and chimpanzees - can also use tools and solve problems. Furthermore, researchers working with gorillas and
chimpanzees claim to have taught them to recognise language, respond to it and use it themselves. Scientists argue amongst themselves whether these animals demonstrate
'real' language in the way humans do, but we cannot deny that the great apes are more intelligent than earlier generations believed. Still these animals resemble us
physically. They are one of the family as it were. Somehow we don't mind too much if they share our most prized 'human' attribute, intelligence, to some degree.
And of course, dogs are smart. After all they can be trained to do all sorts of useful things. Yet our egos are not threatened by the fact. Perhaps this is because in our
relationship with the dog, it is clear who is master (or mistress). And we feel the same about other animals we have domesticated.
Stupid people are often described as bird-brains, but one famous parrot called Alex, whose recent death was widely reported in the press and on television, could count to
six, identify colours and had a vocabulary of 150 words. He had the intelligence of a five-year-old and the communication skills of a two-year-old. He could even be
naughty in the way a human child is naughty.
Parrots are not the only intelligent birds. Crows in Japan have discovered a new way of obtaining food. They pick up the walnuts lying under trees that grow at the side of
roads. Then they take them to crossroads and junctions where they wait until the traffic lights change and it is safe to cross the road. They drop the walnuts on the tarmac
and wait for vehicles to drive over them and crack the hard outer shells. When the lights change again, the crows join the pedestrians and pick up the nut.
This is no surprise to people who have contact with parrots and members of the crow family. What is surprising, though, is the discovery that chickens, traditionally
regarded as stupid creatures, are a lot cleverer than we suspected. They have a good memory and can recognise other chickens; they use about twenty cries to communicate
with each other; they are good at solving problems. If you show a chicken an object and then hide it, it doesn't forget all about the object. The chicken will start to look for
it - if it is a desirable object that is, like a piece of food. In other words, it is capable of understanding that the object has not stopped existing simply because it is out of
sight. This ability only develops in human babies between the ages of four and six months.
It is becoming clearer all the time that there is not as much to separate humans from the rest of the animal kingdom as we once thought. Isn't it time we became less
arrogant about our supposedly unique abilities and superior intelligence?
1 Humans differ physically from other animals because
A few other animals can walk upright. B they have large brains.
C other animals do not have five digits. D there is something unique about their hands.
2 The expression 'the sharpest knife in the drawer' (underlined) implies that humans are
A more important than other animals.
C more dangerous than other animals.
B more intelligent than other animals.
D more skilled at using language than other animals.
3 According to the text, some scientists
A believe that some apes can use language meaningfully. B think that apes have become more intelligent.
C have proved that apes resemble humans. D deny that apes are as intelligent as humans.
4 What does 'the fact' (underlined) refer to?
A that dogs have replaced people in certain jobs B that dogs can do useful tasks
C that dogs are intelligent creatures D that dogs are like other domesticated animals
5 Which statement is true?
A Alex was often the subject of television programmes and newspaper articles. B Alex's abilities show that the meaning of 'bird-brain' needs to be revised.
C Alex could count up to 150 and identify colours. D Alex's behaviour was unusual for a parrot.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
6 Crows in Japan
A are more intelligent than crows in other countries. B only cross the street where there are traffic lights.
C wait for pedestrians to pick up their walnuts. D have found a way to obtain a certain kind of food.
7 According to the text, chickens
A are as intelligent as parrots and crows. B have the ability to hide objects from view. C used to have a good memory. D remember the existence of an object they can no longer see.
8 The writer's purpose is
A to demonstrate that humans are not unique. B to prove that animals are as intelligent as humans. C to discuss why certain animals are intelligent. D to explain why human beings are superior.
EX 2 For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, ( or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
0 A obsession B interest C enthusiasm D attraction
For those of you with an (0) ___ in conservation, what could be a better experience than volunteer work in the mountains of South America? At the moment we are running
several projects focusing on (1) ___ data in the region.
Conservation projects often attract science students; by doing volunteer work, young people can (2) ___ valuable experience in the field. But just about anyone can apply
to be a volunteer worker as (3) ___ skills aren't usually required. However, you need to be fit and (4) ___ of doing physical work. You may also have to (5) ___ up with the
money for your flight to the region, which can be a (6) ___ expensive business. Fortunately, many companies and charities will sponsor volunteer workers.
On arrival in an area, you attend a (7) ___ of lectures on the local culture of the region. You are also given some basic training that may come in (8) ___ in an emergency.
(9) ___ to say, you will not be given tasks that might expose you to danger. We try to (10) ___ the best use of the skills and knowledge each volunteer worker has to offer.
Naturally, it is up to you how much effort you are prepared to (11) ___ into a project, but most volunteers come away with experiences that will (12) ___ with them for a
lifetime.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
A saving B collecting C assembling D bringing
A achieve B make C earn D gain
A specific B exact C definite D detailed
A able B capable C competent D skilled
A fund B come C pay D afford
A little B quite C fairly D bit
A series B sequence C group D chain
A practical B handy C sensible D necessary
A Pointless B Unnecessary C Regardless D Needless
A make B do C give D take
A insert B put C contribute D go
A stop B continue C stand D stay
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Ex 3 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use
between two and five words, including the word given. There is an example at the beginning (0).
0) You must do exactly what the manager tells you.
CARRY
You must
carry out the manager’s
instructions exactly.
1) He started work as a stunt person three years ago.
working
He ______________________________________________ a stunt person for three years.
2) Sheila only won the tournament because she trained very hard.
if
Sheila wouldn't have won the tournament ______________________________________________ very hard.
3) If there are any vegetables left on your plate, you won't get any dessert.
long
You can have dessert as ______________________________________________ all your vegetables.
4) Fiona will take a travel sickness tablet because the sea might be rough.
case
Fiona will take a travel sickness tablet ______________________________________________ rough.
5) I’m sure Peter revised for the exam because he got a high mark.
must
Peter ______________________________________________ for the exam because he got a high mark.
6) It’s possible that they didn’t pay enough attention to their teacher.
might
They ______________________________________________ enough attention to their teacher.
7) I’m thinking of asking Dad to install a computer in my bedroom.
getting
I’m thinking of ______________________________________________ in my bedroom.
8) I think Thelma was foolish to put an advertisement in this magazine.
not
Thelma ______________________________________________ an advert in this magazine.
EX 4: For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same
line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
People assume there is a (0) ____ between a tourist and a traveller - that to be
called a tourist is a negative term. Does this idea stand up to close (1) ____ ?
In general, a tourist goes to a new place to have an (2) ____ time, to rest and
replace the energy used up by working in a stressful job. A traveller, on the other
hand, wanders from place to place driven by (3) ____ about everything new and
the desire to discover the (4) ____ . A tourist goes somewhere, is amazed, and
returns, without his life being changed by what he has seen and experienced. The
traveller roams around, hunting for anything he can use to improve his (5) ____
of the world. The tourist escapes from the (6) ____ routine of everyday life and
concentrates on getting some (7) ____ All the traveller wants to do is be on
the road. The tourist goes home. The traveller moves on, perhaps because he doesn't
want to stop anywhere (8) ____ .
But at heart, is it possible that they are (9) ____ the same? Both find the wonders
of the world (10) ____ and both love sharing their adventures with others, even if
it is only in the form of souvenirs.
DIFFERENT
EXAM
ENJOY
DIFFERENCE
______________________________
______________________________
CURIOUS
KNOW
______________________________
______________________________
UNDERSTAND
BORE
RELAX
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
PERMANENT
ACTUAL
FASCINATE
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
Ex 5 For questions 1 - 10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the
beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS in the spaces on the right.
Example: 0 AS
My husband and I have been growing herbs ever since we came here forty years ago. (0) ___ a
matter of fact, we cultivate over sixty different kinds. Some are aromatic and a (1) ___ are
medicinal, but the majority, like basil and oregano, are for use in cooking. And of course,
we grow others simply (2) ___ they are so pretty to look at! I would recommend that
anyone (3) ___ even a small patch of land should grow herbs. And you don't even need a
garden (4) ___ get started because herbs can also survive in a plant pot. First of all,
(5) ___ is the pleasure of cultivation: nothing is more satisfying than watching plants growing.
Secondly, (6) ___ using fresh herbs, you will improve
(7) ___ flavour of your cooking.
And (8) ___,finding out about herbs is fascinating: the more you learn about these
wonderful plants, the (9) ___ you want to know!
We live in Crete, (10) ___ the climate is warm and the soil allows us to grow virtually
anything. But if you live in a cooler and wetter climate, you (11) ___ to take local
conditions into account. Wherever you live, you will find growing (12) ___ own
herbs a worthwhile experience.
_________AS________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
EX 1 - You are going to read an extract from an article. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
We humans have a high opinion of ourselves - although a visitor from space might wonder why we spend so much time and energy fighting each other, destroying the
environment on which we depend for our survival and behaving like spoilt children. Yet we continue to think of ourselves as the lords of creation.
We think we are superior because we are different from the animals. For a start we walk upright, have big brains and one of the five digits on each hand is an opposable
thumb. As a matter of fact, though, these characteristics are not all unique to our species: several animals can walk upright even if they cannot do it so well; whales,
dolphins and the great apes have large brains; and although an opposable thumb is a useful thing to have, it doesn't seem much on which to base a sense of superiority.
Other human abilities and qualities seem more important than physical ones. We believe we are the sharpest knife in the drawer. We look down on the rest of creation
because we can use language, make and use tools, and we can grasp abstract concepts and solve problems. The trouble is that the more we learn about other animals, the
more we are forced to question how unique our intelligence is.
We now know that the great apes - orong-utans, gorillas and chimpanzees - can also use tools and solve problems. Furthermore, researchers working with gorillas and
chimpanzees claim to have taught them to recognise language, respond to it and use it themselves. Scientists argue amongst themselves whether these animals demonstrate
'real' language in the way humans do, but we cannot deny that the great apes are more intelligent than earlier generations believed. Still these animals resemble us
physically. They are one of the family as it were. Somehow we don't mind too much if they share our most prized 'human' attribute, intelligence, to some degree.
And of course, dogs are smart. After all they can be trained to do all sorts of useful things. Yet our egos are not threatened by the fact. Perhaps this is because in our
relationship with the dog, it is clear who is master (or mistress). And we feel the same about other animals we have domesticated.
Stupid people are often described as bird-brains, but one famous parrot called Alex, whose recent death was widely reported in the press and on television, could count to
six, identify colours and had a vocabulary of 150 words. He had the intelligence of a five-year-old and the communication skills of a two-year-old. He could even be
naughty in the way a human child is naughty.
Parrots are not the only intelligent birds. Crows in Japan have discovered a new way of obtaining food. They pick up the walnuts lying under trees that grow at the side of
roads. Then they take them to crossroads and junctions where they wait until the traffic lights change and it is safe to cross the road. They drop the walnuts on the tarmac
and wait for vehicles to drive over them and crack the hard outer shells. When the lights change again, the crows join the pedestrians and pick up the nut.
This is no surprise to people who have contact with parrots and members of the crow family. What is surprising, though, is the discovery that chickens, traditionally
regarded as stupid creatures, are a lot cleverer than we suspected. They have a good memory and can recognise other chickens; they use about twenty cries to communicate
with each other; they are good at solving problems. If you show a chicken an object and then hide it, it doesn't forget all about the object. The chicken will start to look for
it - if it is a desirable object that is, like a piece of food. In other words, it is capable of understanding that the object has not stopped existing simply because it is out of
sight. This ability only develops in human babies between the ages of four and six months.
It is becoming clearer all the time that there is not as much to separate humans from the rest of the animal kingdom as we once thought. Isn't it time we became less
arrogant about our supposedly unique abilities and superior intelligence?
1 Humans differ physically from other animals because
A few other animals can walk upright. B they have large brains.
C other animals do not have five digits. D there is something unique about their hands.
2 The expression 'the sharpest knife in the drawer' (underlined) implies that humans are
A more important than other animals.
C more dangerous than other animals.
B more intelligent than other animals.
D more skilled at using language than other animals.
3 According to the text, some scientists
A believe that some apes can use language meaningfully. B think that apes have become more intelligent.
C have proved that apes resemble humans. D deny that apes are as intelligent as humans.
4 What does 'the fact' (underlined) refer to?
A that dogs have replaced people in certain jobs B that dogs can do useful tasks
C that dogs are intelligent creatures D that dogs are like other domesticated animals
5 Which statement is true?
A Alex was often the subject of television programmes and newspaper articles. B Alex's abilities show that the meaning of 'bird-brain' needs to be revised.
C Alex could count up to 150 and identify colours. D Alex's behaviour was unusual for a parrot.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
D
B
A
C
B
D
D
A
6 Crows in Japan
A are more intelligent than crows in other countries. B only cross the street where there are traffic lights.
C wait for pedestrians to pick up their walnuts. D have found a way to obtain a certain kind of food.
7 According to the text, chickens
A are as intelligent as parrots and crows. B have the ability to hide objects from view. C used to have a good memory. D remember the existence of an object they can no longer see.
8 The writer's purpose is
A to demonstrate that humans are not unique. B to prove that animals are as intelligent as humans. C to discuss why certain animals are intelligent. D to explain why human beings are superior.
EX 2 For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, ( or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
0 A obsession B interest C enthusiasm D attraction
1 D [these characteristics are not all unique to our species: ... and although an opposable thumb is a useful thing to have, it doesn't seem much on which to base a sense of superiority.]
2 B [We believe we are the sharpest knife in the drawer. ... The trouble is that the more we learn about other animals, the more we are forced to question how unique our intelligence is.]
3 A [Scientists argue amongst themselves whether these animals demonstrate 'real' language in the way humans do.]
4 C [And of course, dogs are smart. After all, they can be trained to do all manner of useful things. Yet our egos are not threatened by the fact.]
5 B [Stupid people are often described as bird-brains, but ... Alex... could count to six, identify colours and had a vocabulary of 150 words. He had the intelligence of a five-year-old and the
communication skills of a two-year-old.]
6 D [they take them to crossroads and junctions where they wait until the traffic lights change and it is safe to cross the road. They drop the walnuts on the tarmac and wait for vehicles to drive over
them and crack the hard outer shells. When the lights change again, the crows join the pedestrians and pick up the nut.]
7 D [If you show a chicken an object and then hide it, it doesn't forget all about the object. ... it is capable of understanding that the object has not stopped existing simply because it is out of sight.]
8A
EX 2 For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, ( or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
0 A obsession B interest C enthusiasm D attraction
For those of you with an (0) in conservation, what could be a better experience than volunteer work in the mountains of South America? At the moment we are
running several projects focusing on (1) data in the region.
Conservation projects often attract science students; by doing volunteer work, young people can (2) valuable experience in the field. But just about anyone can apply
to be a volunteer worker as (3) skills aren't usually required. However, you need to be fit and (4) of doing physical work. You may also have to (5) up with the money
for your flight to the region, which can be a (6) expensive business. Fortunately, many companies and charities will sponsor volunteer workers.
On arrival in an area, you attend a (7) of lectures on the local culture of the region. You are also given some basic training that may come in (8) in an emergency. (9)
to say, you will not be given tasks that might expose you to danger. We try to (10) the best use of the skills and knowledge each volunteer worker has to offer.
Naturally, it is up to you how much effort you are prepared to (11) into a project, but most volunteers come away with experiences that will (12) with them for a
lifetime.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
A saving B collecting C assembling D bringing
A achieve B make C earn D gain
A specific B exact C definite D detailed
A able B capable C competent D skilled
A fund B come C pay D afford
A little B quite C fairly D bit
A series B sequence C group D chain
A practical B handy C sensible D necessary
A Pointless B Unnecessary C Regardless D Needless
A make B do C give D take
A insert B put C contribute D go
A stop B continue C stand D stay
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
B
D
A
B
B
C
A
B
D
A
B
D
Ex 3 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use
between two and five words, including the word given. There is an example at the beginning (0).
0) You must do exactly what the manager tells you.
CARRY
You must
carry out the manager’s
instructions exactly.
1) He started work as a stunt person three years ago.
working
He HAS BEEN WORKING AS a stunt person for three years.
2) Sheila only won the tournament because she trained very hard.
if
Sheila wouldn't have won the tournament IF SHE HADN’T TRAINED very hard.
3) If there are any vegetables left on your plate, you won't get any dessert.
long
You can have dessert as LONG AS YOU FINISH / END all your vegetables.
4) Fiona will take a travel sickness tablet because the sea might be rough.
case
Fiona will take a travel sickness tablet IN CASE THE SEA IS rough.
5) I’m sure Peter revised for the exam because he got a high mark.
must
Peter MUST HAVE REVISED for the exam because he got a high mark.
6) It’s possible that they didn’t pay enough attention to their teacher.
might
They MIGHT NOT HAVE PAID enough attention to their teacher.
7) I’m thinking of asking Dad to install a computer in my bedroom.
getting
I’m thinking of GETTING A COMPUTER INSTALLED in my bedroom.
8) I think Thelma was foolish to put an advertisement in this magazine.
not
Thelma SHOULD NOT HAVE PUT an advert in this magazine.
EX 4: For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same
line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
People assume there is a (0) ____ between a tourist and a traveller - that to be
called a tourist is a negative term. Does this idea stand up to close (1) ____ ?
In general, a tourist goes to a new place to have an (2) ____ time, to rest and
replace the energy used up by working in a stressful job. A traveller, on the other
hand, wanders from place to place driven by (3) ____ about everything new and
the desire to discover the (4) ____ . A tourist goes somewhere, is amazed, and
returns, without his life being changed by what he has seen and experienced. The
traveller roams around, hunting for anything he can use to improve his (5) ____
of the world. The tourist escapes from the (6) ____ routine of everyday life and
concentrates on getting some (7) ____ All the traveller wants to do is be on
the road. The tourist goes home. The traveller moves on, perhaps because he doesn't
want to stop anywhere (8) ____ .
But at heart, is it possible that they are (9) ____ the same? Both find the wonders
of the world (10) ____ and both love sharing their adventures with others, even if
it is only in the form of souvenirs.
DIFFERENT
EXAM
ENJOY
DIFFERENCE
EXAMINATION
ENJOYABLE
CURIOUS
KNOW
CURIOSITY
UNKNOWN
UNDERSTAND
BORE
RELAX
UNDERSTANDING
BORING
RELAXATION
PERMANENT
ACTUAL
FASCINATE
PERMANENTLY
ACTUALLY
FASCINATING
Ex 5 For questions 1 - 10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the
beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS in the spaces on the right.
Example: 0 AS
My husband and I have been growing herbs ever since we came here forty years ago. (0) ___ a
matter of fact, we cultivate over sixty different kinds. Some are aromatic and a (1) ___ are
medicinal, but the majority, like basil and oregano, are for use in cooking. And of course,
we grow others simply (2) ___ they are so pretty to look at! I would recommend that
anyone (3) ___ even a small patch of land should grow herbs. And you don't even need a
garden (4) ___ get started because herbs can also survive in a plant pot. First of all,
(5) ___ is the pleasure of cultivation: nothing is more satisfying than watching plants growing.
Secondly, (6) ___ using fresh herbs, you will improve
(7) ___ flavour of your cooking.
And (8) ___,finding out about herbs is fascinating: the more you learn about these
wonderful plants, the (9) ___ you want to know!
We live in Crete, (10) ___ the climate is warm and the soil allows us to grow virtually
anything. But if you live in a cooler and wetter climate, you (11) ___ to take local
conditions into account. Wherever you live, you will find growing (12) ___ own
herbs a worthwhile experience.
_________AS________________
_______FEW_____________
_______BECAUSE_________
________WITH______________
________TO______________
_______THERE_______________
________BY_________________
_______THE________________
___FINALLY / LASTLY____
________MORE____________
_______WHERE____________
________HAVE______________
________YOUR_______________