" Re.15,721
Reissued Dec- .4', i923.
[PATENT- OFFICE.
.umrao s1‘
‘or camera, 15mm.
PERCY BROADBENT GBOSSLEY,
AND 230C353 I‘II‘O'B' THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF; .
. vrranous raonuo-r
1921, Serial R0. 326,917, ?led September '27, 1919.
'
ljio Drawing.
Original
80. 1,894,973,11ated0ctober 25,, 1922. Serial No. 549,802.
'
Application tor "reissue ?led Aprils,
minerals, asbestos or the like are suitably
sorted or graded. These materials are then "
- T 0 all whom it may concern:
Bnoammnr -
Be, it known that 1,1 Pinter _
_
disintegrated. I generally crush the . prod
CnossLEY, a subject of His _Ma]est_ Kingv ucts to a powder, but, in the case 0 mica,
George ‘V (whose address is c/o
5°.
essrs. may if I prefer use ‘t in the sha e of ?ne
Hoare Miller & Company, 5 Fairlie Place,
India), consulting chemist
scales or ?akes, or even as smal ?lms or
'
‘
. The disintegration
may be performed
by
In the case '
66
Product and Process for the Manufacture, any of the ordinary processes.
‘ Thereof, of which the following is a speci? of the treatment of mica, ?lms or splittings
can be produced by subjecting ‘the natural
' cation.
The object of my invention is to utilize blocks, plates, etc., to the repeated, applica- '
waste micas, asbestos and the like for the tion of heat followed by rapid cooling, 1. e.', _
quenching in water or other ?uid.
.
70
manufacture of glass.
‘
After disintegration has been accom
It is well known that micas, asbestos and
_ Calcutta, British have invented a Vitreous
splittings.
and metallurgist,
mine, .
15 the like are very wasteful minerals to _
plished to the desired extent
_
the impure va- '
'
waste
vrietiesv of the micaceous minerals,
and that over 90% of the mica is reJecte
dress
' during the subsequent operations of be re rnicas, asbestos or the like may, be subjected
ing, 0 eaning, etc;
uch mica has to -
'jected owing to\_impurities,v cracks,
to chemical or other processes to remove t e
twining:
The object of this invention is mainly to
use these otherwise waste micas and to ,uti
like minerals. It
lize waste asbestosaor the
will be vquite understood, however, that I
' grain or
‘
1-5 I
CI‘OSS
impurities.
‘
p
'
_
__These impurities, which in the case of
mic-as‘ are almost invariably only present on
the surfaces of the ?lms, ?akes or particles
of the powder, may be converted into a sol
uble form and‘removed from the material by
need not con ne myself to the wastemate lixiviation with water or with weak solu
tions of acids, alkalis or salts, without de
rials
only.
The valu'e, of mica for industrial .pur leberiously affecting the minerals. The ma
, poses depends upon oneior a combination of
80
terial maybe subsequently washed and dried.
In certain localities micas are found in a
its properties of ?exibility, transparency,
85
_
or disintegrated form of very pure
non-fusibility, non-conductibility with re ' quality
powdered
which
may not need any mechanical
spect to heat and electricity, etc. Its‘ use
fulness is rather limited owing to its fragile manipulation or further puri?cation before
30
- 1
and laminated nature.
5 an example 0 being used in my process,
These materials are then intimately mixed
‘one .of the defects due to the latter may be
the bad e?'e'ct due to the adsorp with a solid solyent, the nature and proper
mentioned
tion of water and oil.
85
_
90
ties, including color, of which are modi ed
' The present invention is'to utilize these to suit the special requirements the ?nished
95
impure or otherwise commercially product has to‘ meet.
As examples of the solvents used may be
for the production of a
unsuitable
materials
substance which may be equal in value to mentioned glass,_ma(le by the admixture of ,
far‘ as the electrical, heat powdered glass with suitable active sub
the best micas- as
insulating properties, transparency, etc., are stances, such as cobalt, lead or other metal
but which will have, under cer-' lic oxids, boric acid. metallic‘ borates or
concerned, other valuable properties inv hero-silicates and the like, having a melting
tain
conditions,
addition
to those possesse by the natural point lower than the temperature at which
. waste,
.
,
45
This new su stance may be used micaceous minerals, asbestos or the like be- ,
which the‘ natural pure ‘n to eiiioresce ‘or part with their water of
substance may
use hydration, the temperature ranging from
minerals. This new
be wrought .-into that. required to melt ordinary glass‘ to one 105
vantages
in
desiredtshape
or form by rolling, forg ‘below 7 that at which the natural silicates,
any
wel ing; such as mica or asbestos begin to change
ing. extruding,v molding, castingor
product may be their physical and chemical characteristics,
Articles made from the new
be made a temperature up‘ to about 900° centigrade no
machined. This new material may
for any
60
to adhere~ tenaciously to metals. .
In carrying out my process micaeeous
being employed;
, '
10,727
_ According to the present invention the
mixture is then heated in "a suitable fur
nace usually for a considerable length of
time at a temperature below that at which
the micaceous constituents will begin to-ef a very large commercial ?eld of usefulness
and can be used in the construction of elec
poration’ of the solvent with the materials trical machinery, electrical appliances, or as
?oresce, so as to obtain the ‘desired incor
whereby the mixture becomes, either wholly heat insulating substances,and for general
1o.or partiall , transformed into a viscid mass. use. ‘As this material can be made to adhere,
'
subjected to
mechanical manipulation asmay be found
desirable to form it into its ?nal shape, such, 7 non-combustible,
as \rolling, forging, etc.
'
15'
,
e micaceous constituents have been
raised to a higher temperature than that '
at which the
20 _ ally
e?ioresce
and also capable of being
any desirable tint, and formed
into any desired shape, this material; has a
large ?eld of usefulness in the domestic arts.
Its capacity for‘ 'bein machined‘ adds
enormously to the adapta?ility of the mate
rial for industrial purposes.
‘
'
80
'
micaceous constituents gener
It ,will be quite understood that I do not
con?ne myself to the exact
die!
scribed above, but‘ desire to bemethods
free to use
I may if I prefer add an excess of mica any reasonable modi?cation of the same.”v
ceous constituents beyond that which would or instance, I may if I. prefer use a molte
be su?icient to form a saturated "solution. bath of the solvent into which vI could feed
Such excess modi?es the
' '
the micaceons minerals or the like, the mass ties of the resultant
tion.
.
>
without su?'ering decomposi-'
‘
I
'
‘
I
Alternately, I 90
the micaceous
minerals and allow it to act upon
the same,
being given for the reactions to
30
completed ‘before subjecting the‘mass to
subsequent mechanical. manipulation. Any 95.
in- _ combination ofthese three methods might‘
used
the mixture, and, also uponsolvent
the chemical
35
40
composition of' the same.
' '
be
used.
’
‘
-'
_
I may, however, use other substances in
t is generally only necessary to heat the.’ the place of powdered glass as the base of
mixture to slightly ab ove'the temperature my solvent glass. For instance, any natural
at which the solvent will
melt. If the pro or. arti?cial silicate might be used which is
portion of the '
found to be suitable. I might .use mica,
100
ticularly in the form of
raise the temperature slightly higher than
when the
small.
>
,
By a suitable modi?cation of the propor
tions of the mixture and in the choice of the
my own processes.
i
>
‘ Instead of the solvent glass made by the 105
a ove process,‘ I mayuse other solvents,
chemical composition of the solvent, prod- ‘ suitable for this purpose.
ucts having the desired properties'can;
be ' Such natural sil'cates as mica and asbestos
obtained.
,
ave been found to ful?ll the purposes of
110
If desired I may heat the substance until my invention, and I have accordingl named
t ese silicates in the description ofy my in
t e mass becomes lique?ed and can be cast
into molds.
‘
vention, such
but their recital is not intended to
v
_
exclude
From the above
it will be recognizedthat‘
’
other natural silicates as may
my process bears
logy to certain
1w
‘
produce the stated re
55
The term “natural silicates,” used in
‘the claims, is intended
include any nat-'
fural silicates having the tocharacteristics‘
here
ture than zinc, being raised
pointed
out.
.
‘
120
‘
aving now
in temperature to cause it to liquefy.
using a suitable quality of mica and and,_rttained the nature of my sald invention
a colbrless solvent glass, a transparent prod
uct can be obtained.
a?enciesthe glass ‘
'
using
coloring.‘
roduced may be of .
co or desired. Sue
can be used for reous material and a
many purposes; for w lasses
ich ordinary glass is ity
to ‘a temperature
.
,
w
S
180
I
,
115,797
,tial amount of its'water'of hydration; where
1n
said vitreous material melts andv that at by the’ said mineral becomes _intimately
'
the
which the silicate begins to lose its water of . corporated, by chemical action, wit
hydration; whereby the silicate is dissolved‘ vitreous
11. Thematerial.‘
method’ of manufacturing a'sub- ‘
in the molten vitreous material.
' 2. The method of manufacturing glass
stantially homogeneous product which com
which comprises heating a mixture of glass prises heating a vitreous material an
I ' and a silicate of
between that at which the glass temperature that the vitreous material is
melts'and that at which the silicate begins. melted and the ‘silicate is intimately incor- ,
orated with the vitreous material while
. to lose its water of hydration; whereby the
still
retaining substantially'all of the sill
in
the
molten
glass.
silicate
is dissolved
3. The method - of manufacturing glass cate’s water of hydration.
a mixture ofv glass 12. An electrical insulating material formed
‘- which comprises heating
material of high‘ fusibility of a product containing a natural silicate of
'. ‘and a micaoeous.
to a temperature between that. at which the high fusibility intimately incorporated with ,
glass melts and that at which the micaceous ‘ a vitreous material by solution in the vitreous
to lose its water of hydra material of a portion‘ of the silicate, ‘ands
‘material
begins the
whereby,
micaceous material is characterized by its toughness, workability
' .
I
a,
high fusibility to a tern- natural silicate 0 high fusibilityto such a
perature
tion ;
the molten glass.
'
4; The ‘method , of manufacturing glass
. _ V dissolved in
I which vcomprises heating a
_ and non-?ssility.
13. A substantially homogeneous vitreous
mixture of glass product containing a natural silicate of high
temperature be fusibility and which is hard, tough em
and .comminutedmica to a
melts and strong at ordinary temperatures and plastic
{tween that at which theglass to
lose its
' that‘ at which the _ mica'beginsthe mica is at temperatures at least as low at 900° C.
' 14. A substantially homogeneous electri
water of hydration; vwhereby
cal insulating material formed of a vitreous
_ [dmolved in the molten glass.
’
f5; I The method of manufacturing’ glass product containing a natural silicate of high
, which‘ comprises dissolving a natural Slll fusibility, and which is hard, tough and 95
at ordinary temperatures andplastic
‘ cate of high i fusibility in molten vitreous strong
at
temperatures
at ‘least as low at 900° C.
material
andimaintaimng
the
temperature
so
15. A substantially homogeneous product
_ below that at which the said silicate ef
containing a disintegrated natural silicate
6.‘ The met 0d of manufacturing glass‘ of high' fusibility ‘intimately incorporated 100
a vitreous material by solution in the
which comprises dissolving a natural sili with
vitreous material of a portion of- the sai
as catev of high fusibility in molten glass and
maintaining the temperature below that at silicate, and characterized by ‘its high elec
trical insulating qualities, toughness, work
which said silicate etlioresces.
7. The ‘method of manufacturing glass ability and non-?ssility.
16. An electrical insulating material.
- V which comprisesdissolving mica in molten
'
formed
ofasubstantially homogeneous rod
glass
and
maintainingvthe
temperature
be
‘0'
uct containing a disintegrated natura sili
which the mica e?loresces'.
‘
' 4 low that at
8. The method of manufacturing a, vit cate ‘of high fusibility intimately incorpo
?oresces.
'
‘-
-
reous, product which comprises heating a rated with a vitreous material by‘ solution in
mixture of vitreous material and a silicate the vitreous material of a portion of the said '
of high fusibility to a temperature-between silicate and characterized by its toughness,
that atwhich said vitreous material melts
workability and non-?ssility.
,
‘and that at which the-silicate begins to lose. 17. A product which ' is a substantially
its ‘water of hydration; whereby the silicate‘ homogeneous‘ mixture and compound of a
115
becomes intimately incorporated, by chemi silicate of high fusibility and a vitreous ma-.
terial, and characterized by its high electri
cal action, with the vitreous material}
9. The ‘method of manufacturing a vit cal insulating ualities, toughness, work
ability and non- ssility.
'
'
18. A substantially homogeneous product‘ 120
mixture of vitreous material and a natural
silicate of high fusibility to a temperature containing a silicate of high fusibility,sub
65
between that at which the vitreous material stantially all of whose water of hydration
is retained and which silicate is distributed
melts and that at which the silicate
begins‘
whereby
the’ uniformly throughout va polysilicate formed
to lose its water of) hydration;
silicate becomes intimately incorporated, by by the reaction of said silicate and a solvent. 1 126
chemical action, with the vitreous material.
1?. An- electrical insulating material,
10. The method of manufacturing a vit formed of a substantially homogeneous prod
and- a silicate of
comprises heating a
'reous product
which material and a m1ca-‘ not containing a solvent.
of whose
‘vitreous
high
fusibility,
substantially
all
mixture of
'
d
and
which
ceous mineral to a temperature between that water ‘of hydration is retaine, throughout
at ‘which the vitreous material melts an silicate is distributed uniformly
65 that at which the mineral loses a substan
15,727 ,‘
a poly-silicate formed by thereaction of said
silicate and solvent.
_ .
dration, and small ‘particles of mica imbed
20. A substantially homogeneous product ded therein in su?icient quantity to render
containing mica intimately \ incorporated the product machinable, said product being
with a vitreous material by solution in the ' moldable when heated to a‘ vlscid state.
vitreous material
24. The method of manufacturing a vit-‘
a portion of the mica,
and characterized of
by its high electrical in reous product which comprises heating a
sulating qualities,
and non~?ssility.
toughness, _ workability
‘ mixture of vitreous material and a mica
}
the amount of
>21. Asubstantially homogeneous product
containing mica substantially all of Whose
ed solution,
.
water of hydration is retained and which is which the vitreous material. melts and that
distributed uniformly throughout a poly at‘ Which the mineral loses a substantial
silicate formed by the reaction-of the mica amount of its water of hydration; whereby f
and a solvent.
'
the said mineral becomes intimately incor
'
porated by ‘chemical action with the vitreous
material.
25;,An
of mica imbedded therein in su?icient quan
tity to render the product ‘susceptible of me—
chanical manipulation when heated to a vis
electrical '
formed of a
insulating _ material"
roduct. ‘containing a natural
silicate of ‘big fusibility intimately incor
cid state, and being capable "of adhering
7
23. A substantially homogeneous product, I
tenaciously to metals.
comprising a vitreous material containing
boron as a constituent, fusible‘ below the workability and non?ssility.
temperature at which mica loses water of hy
PERCY BROADBENT CROSSLEY.
It is hereby certi?ed that in
her 4, 1.‘)23, upon the application of P
for an 1,1,nprovement in “ V'
correction therein that
.
Patent O?ice.
.
t
h-e same may conform to the record of
Slgned andsealed this 12th day of February, Q
.J
v
.
i
'
'1,’ 12124.
KARL FENNING,
,. C'ommz'ssz'oner of Patents;
1
-
15,727 ,‘
a poly-silicate formed by thereaction of said
silicate and solvent.
_ .
dration, and small ‘particles of mica imbed
20. A substantially homogeneous product ded therein in su?icient quantity to render
containing mica intimately \ incorporated the product machinable, said product being
with a vitreous material by solution in the ' moldable when heated to a‘ vlscid state.
vitreous material
24. The method of manufacturing a vit-‘
a portion of the mica,
and characterized of
by its high electrical in reous product which comprises heating a
sulating qualities,
and non~?ssility.
toughness, _ workability
‘ mixture of vitreous material and a mica
}
the amount of
>21. Asubstantially homogeneous product
containing mica substantially all of Whose
ed solution,
.
water of hydration is retained and which is which the vitreous material. melts and that
distributed uniformly throughout a poly at‘ Which the mineral loses a substantial
silicate formed by the reaction-of the mica amount of its water of hydration; whereby f
and a solvent.
'
the said mineral becomes intimately incor
'
porated by ‘chemical action with the vitreous
material.
25;,An
of mica imbedded therein in su?icient quan
tity to render the product ‘susceptible of me—
chanical manipulation when heated to a vis
electrical '
formed of a
insulating _ material"
roduct. ‘containing a natural
silicate of ‘big fusibility intimately incor
cid state, and being capable "of adhering
7
23. A substantially homogeneous product, I
tenaciously to metals.
comprising a vitreous material containing
boron as a constituent, fusible‘ below the workability and non?ssility.
temperature at which mica loses water of hy
PERCY BROADBENT CROSSLEY.
It is hereby certi?ed that in
her 4, 1.‘)23, upon the application of P
for an 1,1,nprovement in “ V'
correction therein that
.
Patent O?ice.
.
t
h-e same may conform to the record of
Slgned andsealed this 12th day of February, Q
.J
v
.
i
'
'1,’ 12124.
KARL FENNING,
,. C'ommz'ssz'oner of Patents;
1
-